最新高考英语写作专题辅导课件-基础写作[正反论证]

[能力提高] 1. 短语翻译 (1)尽管: despite / in spite of / although / though (2)由于: due to / because of / owing to / on account of (3)然而: however / yet
(4) 因为 :because / since / as (5) 此外 : Besides / What’s more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover (6) 即使 :even if / even though (7) 总之 : In general /In short /All in all / To draw a conclusion / On the whole
少数同学赞成处罚乘客 1. 减少交通事故,促进 交通安全 2. 不乘坐醉酒司机的车, 不仅是对自己负责, 也 是对司机和路人负责 你的看法：……
大多数同学反对处罚乘客 1. 乘客难以判断司机是否 醉酒 2. 即使乘客知道司机饮 酒, 如果司机不听从乘客的 劝诫, 处罚乘客是不公平的
［例题导写］ 1. 确定文体结构。本文是正反论证, 因此正反观点之间 的论证应该是属于并列关系, 而双方观点的论点和分论 点则为总分关系。而最后，考题要求考生写出自己的 观点, 这个属于对全文的总结。因此, 文章的信息点划 分非常明确, 正反观点各占两个句子, 考生的观点应该 为最后一个句子。考生可以采用两种方法使自己的观 点明确。第一种：第一句的信息点可以包含“少数同 学赞成处罚乘客”(总起)和第一个原因, 而第二句则讲 述第二个原因(递进); 第二种：第一句为总起，第二句 则包含了两个赞成的理由。陈述“大多数同学反对处 罚乘客”这方面也是同理。
2. 正反论证的议论文要注意使用转折和对 比的词, 如however, in contrast, compared with等。
3. 如果文章最后要求考生发表自己观点, 考 生不能简单地说I agree with...或者I disagree with..., 而是要言之有物, 有理有据。
你班同学开展了一场“司机醉驾是否应该处罚乘客” 的讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息, 给报社写一封信, 介绍讨论的情况, 并发表你的看法。 ［写作内容］
[参考范文] Dear Editor， I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety.
(3) 表示“对照”的连接词 (3)whereas /in contrast /unlike /on the contrary /while / by contrast /compared with (4) 表示“让步”的连接词 (4)after all /in spite of /still /provided / while it is true...
What’s more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice. As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but is also hard to carry out. Yours sincerely， Li Hua
相关短语
1. the minority/majority of... 少数/大多数…… 2. traffic safety 交通安全 3. disapprove of 不同意；不赞成 4. persuade sb. not to do... 说服某人不做…… 5. follow the advice 听从劝告 6. as far as I am concerned 就我所知
Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or not.
句4：即使乘客知道司机饮酒, 如果司机不听 从乘客的劝诫, 处罚乘客是不公平的。 分析：本句的主句是“处罚乘客是不公平的”, 考生可以考虑用it作形式主语的句型it is unfair to...，而“即使……”可以使用even if引导的让 步状语从句。 翻译: Even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.
(8) 但是 :but (9) 导致 :bring about/give rise to / lead to /result in
(10) 与……无法相比: can’t be compared with
2. 作文填空 We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have different opinions. Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help. Among these beggars are the elderly， drop-outs and the disabled, who can hardly make a living 1 due to/because of /owing to ______________________ old age, poverty or physical inability.
相关句式 1. Recently we have had a discussion about whether parents should accompany their children at school. 最 近我们讨论了父母是否该在学校陪读。
2. Nearly 70% of us disagree because they think it makes them fall into the habit of dependence.我们中有将近70% 的人不赞同,因为他们认为这会使他们养 成依赖性。
3. While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary for our parents to accompany us.而我的同学中大约30%的人认为父母有 必要陪读。 4. Some people say yes, who think that the Internet helps make friends on line. 有些人 同意, 他们认为互联网有助于网上交友。
翻译 : Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road. / Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is responsible for passengers themselves as well as the drivers and other people on the road.
13. be suitable for 适合…… 14. have a heated discussion 进行一次热 烈的讨论 15. provide a stage for sb. 给某人提供一 个舞台 16. draw the conclusion that... 得出结论 17. key to success 成功的秘诀 18. focus more on... 更加关注……
2. 词汇整理 句1： (1) 少数同学: the minority of students
句2： (2) 交通事故 : traffic accidents (3) 交通安全 : traffic safety
(4) 对……负责任 : be responsible for 句3： (4) 大部分学生 :the majority of students 句4： (5) 劝说某人做某事 : persuade sb. to do sth. (6) 听从某人的劝说 : follow one’s advice
4. 连句成文
(1)不同意某个观点: disagree with sb. /ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้e against the opinion that /disapprove of the idea
(2)表述“转折”的连接词: although /instead /rather than/ nevertheless/otherwise / on the one hand...on the other hand...
7. carry out 实施 8. think highly of 高度评价 9. a good solution to... 一个做……的解决 好办法 10. in addition 此外 11. become more rebellious 变得更加叛 逆 12. from my perspective 在我看来
3. 难句翻译
句2：不乘坐醉酒司机的车, 不仅是对自己 负责,也是对司机和路人负责。 分析：本句的主语是 “不乘坐醉酒司机 的车”, 因此考生可以考虑使用动词不定 式not to do sth.作主语。不仅……也…… 可以使用not only...but also...或者as well as这些短语。
5. My opinion is that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.我的意见是学生应 该把学习、健康、和安全放在其他事 情之前。
1. 基础写作是根据所给的内容组织成文, 不是自由发挥。部分考生喜欢在文章中使 用 “Every coin has two sides”过渡, 但是 这个句子并不包含任何信息点, 不适合在 基础写作中使用。