语法专题----定语从句 (答案)

提优班培训语法专题----定语从句

一．定语从句的理解：

1. 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：

a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red

2. 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。

I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句)

→I know the girl who is in red. （定语从句）

3. 被修饰的词the girl是先行词。其中连接两个句子的词who是关系词。关系词who在从句中指代先行词the girl，并在从句中充当一定的成分，在从句中充当主语。

注意：关系词与先行词的关系：

关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。

定语从句中常用的关系词有：

关系代词that / who / whom (先行词表示人) that / which (先行词表示物)

whose (先行词表示人或物)

关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；

可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which…）

关系副词when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)

关系副词在从句中充当状语。

二．关系词：

1．由that引导的定语从句

一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who/whom/which，whom和which，但不能置于介词之后。如：正在会上讲话的那个人是个先进工人。

The man that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．

这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？

Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？

昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。

The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．

2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句

who在从句中作主语，有时也可以代替whom做宾语；whom在从句中作宾语；whose在从句

中作定语。

如：这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。

This is the thief who stole my bike．

他就是你想要找的那个男孩。

He is the boy whom you wanted to find．

妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。

The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．

3．由which引导的定语从句

which指物，在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语。

如：妈妈上周买给我的那本书很好。

The book which Mum bought me last week is very good．

这个去年建的房子属于他们。

The house which was built last year belongs to them.

4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句

where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。

如：我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。

I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I joined the League．

下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。

He will go back to the school where (in which ) he studied next week．

我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。

I don't know the reason why (for which) he quarreled with Zhang Lin．

三．注意点：

（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。

如：我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。

The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.

（2）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

如：这是我们去年居住的房子。

This is the house (that/ which) we lived in last year.

= This is the house in which we lived last year.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

Please tell me the person (who/ whom) you borrowed the English novel from.

= Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

（3）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a. 先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。

如：在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

What’s that which is under the desk？

b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。

如：这是他居住的房间。

This is the room in which he lives.

c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。

如：你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了。

The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.

汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

Tom came back, which made us happy.

他把秘密告诉了其他人，这惹怒了我们。

He told the secret to others, which annoyed us.

（4）关系词只能用who, 而不用that 的情况。

a. 当先行词是泛指代词he，they，people或指示代词those等时，常用who。

如：不工作的人是没有报酬的。

He who does no work gets no pay.

我们需要那些努力工作的人。

We are in need of those who can work hard.

b. 不定代词one，ones，anyone等作先行词时，多用who。

如：那些工作没有抱怨的人在这受欢迎。

One who works without complaint is welcome here．

c. 在非限制性定语从句中，一般要用 who/which，不用that。

如：那个来自法国的人最终帮助了我们。