跨文化交际实用教程 unit 8.

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跨文化交际实用教程 unit 8

Humor
Failure to understand humor is a common occurrence.

“You are also human” A compliment in America, but cause embarrassment in China.
Chapter 1: Humor as a Pathway to Intercultural Communication Competence
Elements that may hinder our understanding of English humor

Vocabulary “Quid” is the modern word for what was once called a "shilling”. friends are called “tossers”. If you are fond of someone, you should tell him he is a “great tosser” -- he will be touched.

Humor goes beyond language. Learning how to explain humor and how to ask questions about humor is important for intercultural communication. A two-stage process is involved in sharing humor between native and non-native speakers.
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：

文化与跨文化交际——大学英语视听说教学课件Unit 8_

D. doesn’t believe that the lawyer really has some of the video games produced by B Tech New Media.
Watch the movie clip again and answer the following questions based on it.
4. When Datong says, “Just go ahead. So far, you've asked one question”, he implies that _____________
A. Ms Marin has not tried her best to defend him
7. According to the CWA lawyer, Sun Wukong did the following things EXCEPT_________
A. appropriate others’ harvest for himself
B. destroy some poor farmers’ orchard
2) Have you ever experienced a similar situation when you tried to make a point by telling a story, but your listener reached a very different conclusion based on your story? If yes, what was your story like?
Unit Eight: Telling and Interpreting Stories
English Language Center Shantou University

跨文化交际(UNIT 8)英文 PPT

Cross-Cultural Perception
Review of Unit 7
1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is the dominating time system in our culture?
2. What is the right way of dealing with issues of space and privacy in an intercultural environment?
➢ It occurs when our nation is seen as the of the world.
➢ In other words, it refers to our tendency to identify with our ingroup and to evaluate outgroups and their members according to its standard.
Idioms which are culturally loaded include:
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
➢ Ethnocentrism often is expressed in the way people draw their maps. People tend to draw maps of the world with their own country at the center and with other parts of the world depicted as peripheral.

跨文化交际UNIT 8

Idioms which are culturally loaded include:
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
? Many idioms concerning other nations suggest that the British's used to hold others in derision and contempt. But all those related to the British themselves indicate that the British used to view themselves in positive ways.
Intercultural Communication Unit 8
Cross-Cultural Perception
Warm Up
Please read the story on page 264 and fill in the blanks. What do you think of the story?
French Leave and Dutch
Courage (p265-267)
? Do you know some terms and expressions in English that are formed with names of other nationalities?
For instance, idioms which are culturally neutral include: Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.

跨文化交际Unit 8(大二英语)

I. What is Culture?

Culture is everything. Culture is opera, art, and ballet. Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. What really binds men together is their culture. A culture is a collections of beliefs, habits, living patterns and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.
Greek Culture
Egyptian Culture
Babylon Culture
Chinese Culture
From Anthropological Perspective

Culture is “the customs, civilizations, and achievements of a particular time or people”. This is an anthropologist’s definition.

II. Three Ingredients of Culture
Beliefs & value systems
Material objects
Behavior patterns
Culture
Case Study???

It was my first visit to Chongqing. I felt uneasy when I asked the way to some place. In my hometown in the North, directions are given in terms of East, West, North and South. We may easily find the way when local people there tell you whether the place is in the direction of North or South; while in Chongqing the local people tell you the way in terms of direction on the right, or on the left, to which we Northerners are quite unfamiliar.

跨文化交际中英文化对比教学课件Unit 8 Traffic and transport

Text study: Passage 1 Transport in China (P. 197)
The first metro system in China began operation in Beijing in 1971 and the Tianjin Metro followed in 1984. The rapid growth of China’s economy since the late 1980s has created a surge ([sɜːdʒ] 激增) in
Section A Traffic and Transport in China
New Words & Expressions in Passage 1
expansion [ɪk'spænʃn] n. 膨胀；扩展；扩充 comprehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪ'hensɪv] adj. 全面的；广泛的；综合的；理解的 civil ['sɪvl] adj. 公民的；文明的；国内的；民用的；民事的 aviation [ˌeɪvi'eɪʃn] n. 航空；飞机制造业civil aviation民用航空 express [ɪk'spres] n. 快车；快递；专使adj. 明确的；急速的；直接的vt. 表达；表示；挤压出；快递express highways高速公路 expressway 高速公路 electrified [ɪ'lektrɪfaɪd] adj. 电气化的 metro ['metroʊ] n. 地铁 rapid ['ræpɪd] adj. 短时间发生的；急速的；迅速的；快的；险峻的 exceed [ɪk'siːd] v. 超过；超出 project ['prɑːdʒekt] n. 计划；工程；项目；课题v. 计划；预计；设计；放映；投射 subway ['sʌbweɪ] n. 地铁；地下通道 surge [sɜː(r)dʒ] v.浪涌；激增；汹涌；涌动n. 激增；突发；大量；一大批 urban ['ɜː(r)bən]adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的；都市音乐的 prompt [prɑːmpt] adj. 迅速的；敏捷的；立刻的vt. 激起；促进；推动；提示 in operation在运转；生效；在运行 construction [kən'strʌkʃn] n. 施工；建筑；建立；建造under construction在建设中；施工中

跨文化交际(UNIT 8) ppt课件

“I told the Englishman it was the 1 sporting thing to do,
and he jumped. I told the Frenchman it was 2 chic; the
German that it was a 3 command; the Italian that it was
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit;
Idioms which are culturally loaded include:
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
PPT课件
5
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
4 forbidden; the Russian that it was 5 revolutionary; so
they all jumped overboard.”
“And how did you get the American to jid the captain, “I told him he was 6
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.

新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案Unit

Unit 3Cultural DiversityReading IDifferent Lands, Different FriendshipsComprehension questions1. Why is it comparatively easy to make friends in the United States Because few Americans stay put for a lifetime. With each move, forming new friendship becomes a necessity and part of their new life.2. Do people from different countries usually have different expectationsabout what constitutes friendship and how it comes into beingYes. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is their different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being.3. How is friendship in America different from friendship in West Europe In West Europe, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relationships, is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment, while in America the word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationship and a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.4. In what countr y does friendship have much to do with one’s family And in what country does it notIn Germany, friendship has much to do with one‘s family as friends are usually brought into the family, while in France it doesn’t as, for instance, two men may have been friends for a long time without knowing each other‘s personal life.5. What is friendship like when it is compartmentalizedFor instance, a man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life.6. What are friendships usually based on in EnglandEnglish friendships are based on shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they participate in the activity with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation.7. Do you think friendship shares some common elements in different cultures If you do, what are theyYes. There is the recognition that friendship, in contrast with kinship, invokes freedom of choice. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take.8. What do you think is the typical Chinese concept of friendship Is it similar to or different from any of the Western friendshipsIt seems that the typical Chinese concept of friendship lays great emphasis on personal loyalty and also has much to do with family. It may be similar to Germany friendship to some extent and quite different from other Western friendships.Reading IIComparing and Contrasting CulturesComprehension questions1. How is the mainstream American culture different from the Japanese cultureAmericans believe that human nature is basically good and man is the master of nature. They are future-oriented and “being”-oriented. Their social orientation is toward the importance of the individual and the equality of all people. However, the Japanese believe that human nature is a mixture of good and evil. Man is in harmony with nature. They are both past-oriented and future-oriented. And they are both “growing-”and “doing-”oriented. They give emphasis to authorities and the group.2. Can you find examples to support the author’s view of traditional cultures in different value orientationsFor example, the traditional Indian culture believes that man is subjugated by nature and it is being-oriented (which can be exemplified by its caste system). Also, traditional Chinese culture is past-oriented, for emphasis has long been given to learning from the old and past.3. Why do Americans tend to equate “change” with “improvement” and regard rapid change as normalConcerning orientation toward time, Americans are dominated by a belief in progress. They are future-oriented. They believe that “time is money”and have an optimistic faith in the future and what the future will bring. So they tend to equate “change” with “improvement” and consider a rapid rate of change as normal.4. What does “Electric Englishman” mean when it is used to describe the AmericanAs for activity, Americans are so action-oriented that they tend to behyperactive. That’s why that they have been described as “Electric Englishmen”, who always keep themselves busy.5. How would you explain the fact that contradictory values may exist in the same cultureAs time changes faster and faster and there is more contact between cultures, it is more likely to find contradictory values existing in the same culture. This is especially the case in a society that is being transformed from a traditional one into a modern one. For example, in the Japanese culture, some people may still be very past-oriented and some are rather future-oriented, and even the same people may be sometimes past-oriented in certain situations and sometime future-oriented in other situations.6. What can we get from models of this kind about cultural differences Models of this kind are quite useful in giving rough pictures of striking contrasts and differences of different cultures. However, such a model only compares cultures on some basic orientations. It does not tell us everything about every conceivable culture. We have to recognize that models of this kind are over-simplifications and can only give approximations of reality.7. Do cultural values change as time changesYes, the values may be in the process of marked change due to rapid modernization and globalization. However, they have a way of persisting in spite of change. The evolution of values is a slow process, since they are rooted in survival needs and passed on from generation to generation.8. How is communication influenced by differing cultural valuesPutting people from one culture into another culture with radically different value orientations could cause stress, disorientation, and breakdowns in communication.Case StudyCase 9Hierarchy is significant in the Japanese culture. This structure is reflected everywhere in Japanese life, at home, school, community, organizations, and traditional institutions such as martial arts or flower arrangements.In this case, the young chairman must have had his own ideas about how to manage the company; however, when encountered with his grandfather’s dissenting opinions, he dared not to take a stand against him. This may manifest the rigid hierarchicalstructure in the Japanese society. In the Japanese society, how hierarchy is formed depends mainly on seniority, social roles, and gender. As a respectable senior member of the family and the former leader of the company, the grandfather obviously overpowered the inexperienced young chairman. In other words, the grandfather seemed to be an absolute authority for the young chairman. In Japanese culture, challenging or disagreeing with elders’ opinions would be deemed as being disrespectful and is often condemned. People in lower positions are expected to be loyal and obedient to authority. That‘s why the young chairman didn’t say anything but just nodded and agreed with his grandfather.But Phil seemed to know little about the Japanese culture in this aspect. In many Western cultures, particularly American culture, seniority seldom matters very much in such situations, and young people are usually encouraged to challenge authority and voice their own opinions. Unfortunately, his outspoken protest could easily offend the grandfather and he might be regarded as a rude and ill-bred person by other Japanese.Case 10In Japan, a company is often very much like a big family, in which the manger(s) will take good care of the employees and the employees are expected to devote themselves to the development of the company and, if it is necessary, to sacrifice their own individual interests for the interests of the company, from which, in the long run, the employees will benefit greatly. But for the French, a company is just a loosely- knit social organization wherein individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and their families. Moreover, the way the French make decisions in the family might also be different from the typical Japanese one, which may not often involve females and the power to decide usually lies with the dominating male. As there are such cultural differences between the Japanese and the French, Mr. Legrand’s de cision made Mr. Tanaka feel dumbfounded.Case 11Incidents such as these can point to possible cultural differences in so-called “polite” behavior, and at the same time highlight the tendency for people to react emotionally to unexpected behavior.People in most cultures would probably agree that an apology is needed when an offence or violation of social norms has taken place. However, there may be differing opinions as to when we should apologize (what situations call for an apology) and how we should apologize. To many Westerners, Japanese apologize more frequently and an apology in Japanese does not necessarily mean that the person is acknowledging a fault. To many Japanese, Westerners may seem to be rude just because they do not apologize as often as the Japanese would do. In this case, for instance, the attitude of the Australian student’s parents is shocking to the Japanese but will be acceptable in an English-speaking society, for the student is already an adult and can be responsible for her own deeds.Case 12In this case, it seems that the Chinese expectations were not fulfilled. First, having two people sharing host responsibilities could be somewhat confusing to the hierarchically minded Chinese. Second, because age is often viewed as an indication of seniority, the Chinese might have considered the youth of their Canadian hosts as slight to their own status. Third, in China, it is traditional for the host to offer a welcome toast at the beginning of the meal, which is the reciprocated by the guests; by not doing so, the Canadian might be thought rude. The abrupt departure of the Chinese following the banquet was probably an indication that they were not pleased with the way they were treated. The Canadians’ lack of understanding of the Chinese culture and the Chinese ways of communication clearly cost them in their business dealings with the visiting delegation.。

完整word版跨文化交际实用教程胡超版U1 U8判断题答案及翻译

T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, itshistory is only about fifty years.作为一种现象，跨文化交际已经存在了几千年。

然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有50年左右。

F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe.跨文化交际作为一门学科最早起源于欧洲。

F 3 Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体，交流是一个动态的过程。

T4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.文化可以看作是共享的知识，人们需要知道什么才能在特定的文化中采取适当的行动。

T5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a person 's cultural cognition.虽然文化刻板印象有其局限性(过度概括)，但它仍然有助于一个人的文化认知。

T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one 's individual character from cultural generalization.在跨文化交际中，我们应该把一个人的个性与文化泛化区分开来。

跨文化交际实用教程(全套课件266P)

2012-2-16
6
The western way of showing concern is generally different from the Chinese way.

In China:
Xiao Li (an interpreter): You must be very tired. You’rห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ old…
2012-2-16
4
Comment

What the interpreter said is quite courteous in China. It means, ―If you are tired, we can take a little rest, since you are getting on in years.‖
This
case clearly shows that translation is an intercultural communication, which requires the translator/ interpreter to possess both English cultural knowledge and language competence.
1. 17 speak Chinese
2. 9 speak English
3. 8 speak Dard

The interpreter gave the impression that he thought the elderly lady would collapse any minute if she doesn’t rest immediately.
2012-2-16

跨文化交际(UNIT 8)Cross-Cultural Perception 英文 PPT

➢ Many idioms concerning other nations suggest that the British’s used to hold others in derision and contempt. But all those related to the British themselves indicate that the British used to view themselves in positive ways.
“And how did you get the American to jump?”
“No problem,” said the captain, “I told him he was 6 insured!”
➢ Of course, what the story tells us about people of those different nations can only be partially true at best and we must be aware of such overgeneralization and oversimplification in our perception of people of other cultures.
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.
French Leave and Dutch
Courage (p265-267)

跨文化交际-Unit 8

Some likely interpretations
3. Cultural
② Westerners are less likely to ask to borrow expensive things, so Alice feels this isn’t a reasonable request. (She feels bad about refusing, and is concerned that Ellen may be offended.)
Conceding a point
I concede that DVD players are very expensive, but they can give you a lot of fun. I grant that DVD players are very expensive, but they can bring you a lot of fun.
Dealing with conflict
American directness:
When faced with a problem, Americans like to get to its source. This means facing the facts, meeting the problem heed on, putting the cards on the table, and getting information “straight from the horse’s mouth.” Consistent with these tendencies, it is also desirable to face people directly — to confront them. Confrontation is not necessarily rancorous, but it does involve reporting one’s feelings honestly, expecting reciprocal honesty, and dealing with the person involved in the problem.

跨文化交际(胡超版)-判断题及翻译

跨文化交际实用教程判断题与翻译Unit 1T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years.作为一种现象,跨文化传播已经存在了数千年.然而,作为一门学科,它的历史只有大约五十年.F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe.跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科F 3 Culture is a static entity< 静态的实体> while communication is a dynamic process.文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given <约定的特定的> culture.文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识,人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations<over-generalization>,it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性,但仍有助于人的文化认知.T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization.在跨文化交际中,我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开.T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.文化错误比语言错误更严重.语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达自己的想法,而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解,甚至个人之间的不适感F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽然两国文化有着相同的想法,但它们的意义和意义可能不一样F 10 One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化Unit 2T 1、All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achievedmay vary significantly.所有的文化都需要和价值的礼貌,但礼貌的方式可能会有所不同T2、Don’t take offence-getting the form of address 〞wrong〞is rarely intended to be offensive.不要拿"错误〞的形式来攻击,这是很难得的进攻T3、Addressing forms like "Miss Mary〞, 〞Brown〞by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.解决形式如"玛丽小姐〞,"棕色〞由中国可能是一种文化妥协的形式.T4.Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.上校,上校,上校,可以用作头衔F5.Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncle means.西方人能够理解警察叔叔和解放军叔叔的手段.F6.We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas.我们可以解决杰森道格拉斯,他是个律师,律师道格拉斯.F7.Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated.中国人对西方人的热情好客是非常赞赏的.F8.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.西方人对中国人的关注往往受到西方人的赞赏.F_9.〞Thank you for coming!〞is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived. 谢谢你的到来！"当客人刚到的时候,这是西方主人使用的一种典型的表达形式.T10.〞I’m sorry to have wasted your time〞or "I’m sorry to have taken up so much of yourtime〞are usually appropriate for the business visit.我很抱歉浪费了你的时间〞或者"我很抱歉占用了你这么多时间〞,通常都是适合商务拜访的.Unit 3T 1.sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments.有时,中国人表现出谦虚的方式可以被视为对赞美的赞美T2.The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.汉语和英语的社会功能大致相同.T 3.In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable.在非正式场合,大量的赞美是让人感到舒服的F 4.The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures.文化的假设是文化的相同的.T 5.Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese.形容词和动词常被用来传递英语中的恭维话,而形容词、副词和动词常被用在汉语里.F6. English compliments often begin with the word "you〞while Chinese compliments often start with the word "I〞. 英语的赞美常以"你〞一词开头,而中国人的赞美常以"我〞一词开头F 7. Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.在日常生活中,中国人比美国人更为赞美.F8. Americans tends to be self-effacing in their compliments responses.美国人往往自谦在称赞别人的反应.F9. Compliments on other’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture.对他人财物的赞美有时是美国文化中的一种间接的方式T10. If a guest compliments something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest.如果一个客人在别人家里赞美别人的话,中国主人或女主人很可能会把这件事告诉客人.Unit 4F 1.Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication.言语交际比非语言交际更为重要F 2."Dragon〞means the same to the Westerner as "龙〞to the Chinese."龙〞是指同为西方人的"龙〞到中国.F 3.The Chinese phrase "知识分子〞has the same meaning as "intellectual〞.中国"知识分子〞具有相同的含义是"知识T 4.A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.在一种语言中的一个术语在另一种语言中可能没有对等词F 5.In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always ,to use "公〞or "母〞to show whether a creature is male or female. This is the same with the English language.在谈到动物和鸟类,中国的做法是通常,但不总是,用"公〞或"母〞来表明该生物是否是男性或女性.这与英语是一样的.T 6. The following six English word: "vice〞, "associate〞, "assistant〞, "deputy〞, "lieutenant〞and "under〞can all mean "副〞in Chinese language.以下六个英文单词："副〞、"联想〞、"助理〞、"副〞、"中尉〞和"下〞都是"副〞在汉语中F 7.There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.有许多相似之处,英语谚语和汉语谚语的异同.T 8. Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo,违反文化禁忌的是严重违背了言语禁忌T 9.Patterns of thought varies with culture.思维方式随文化而变化.T10.Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantlyfactual-inductive, Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive-affective.在每一个特定的思维模式主导文化的,例如美国文化主要是事实的归纳,俄罗斯文化主要是公理化演绎,和阿拉伯文化以直观的情感.Unit 5T1.Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.说只是一种交流方式.还有许多人F2.Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, and over 30% sis sent by nonverbal means.一些研究者断言,在面对面的交流中,约有70%的信息是通过说话,而超过30%则是通过非语言方式发送的T3.Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一T4.Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness.我们大部分的非语言行为,如文化,往往难以实现,自发的,往往超越我们的认识tin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures.拉丁美洲,非洲,阿拉伯和大多数亚洲文化是单一的文化.T6.Arab belongs to tough cultures.阿拉伯属于艰难的文化T7.In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience.在一些文化中,为了表示尊重或服从,应该避免使用目光接触T8.The appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.身体接触的适宜性因不同的文化而不同F9.Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children.西方妇女通常喜欢中国人接触他们的身体或小孩.F10.Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them.座位安排体现文化.中国人倾向于和他们说话,而不是坐在他们旁边的人Unit 6F1.Gender is the cultural meaning of "sex〞.性别是"性〞的文化内涵F2.Sex and gender are synonymous.同义的性别和性别是同义词T3.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.一位女士可能是女性,男性或两者的结合T4.Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others, while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure.女性一般舒适与建筑密切关系和信任别人,而大多数人都保留对参与和披露.F5.Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people.大多数人用沟通来建立联系或平等的人F6.Women usually use communication to establish status and power.女性通常使用沟通来确立地位和权力T7.In feminine culture, communication is a way—probably the primary way—to express and expand closeness.在女性文化中,传播是表达和扩大亲密关系的主要途径.T8.Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness.男性社会化强调做事情,把行动视为创造和表达亲密的主要方式.T9.The first and last principal for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.有效的跨性别传播的第一个和最后一个主要是中止判断.T10.It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication.这是困难的,但可能寻求翻译线索,将有利于我们的沟通.跨文化交际实用教程复习总结简单版1、外国人指下星期六是指这个周六,而我们中过人说下星期六是这个星期后的星期六,参照时间点不同2、外国人不喜欢人家说他/她老3、名字顺序：He Xiangu , Andrew LewisSurname given name ,given name Surname注意：surname =last name; given name=first name称呼职称时,中国：surname +title；外国：Title+surname 或Title +surname given name4、副的用法：vice associate assistant deputy under lieutenantEg：vice-chairman , associate proffessor , assistant mananger , deputy director , undersecretary , lieutenant governor5、西方人认为下面的东西是私隐的：age,salary,health,family,visiting〔拜访人家要提前通知〕,parting6、在西方,如果去拜访人家,来到主人家时,客人会被立刻问到要不要脱下大衣〔out-door clothing〕,如果客人说不脱了,表示他们只是stay a few minutes.7、在中国,It is acceptable 留下东西在盘子里,但是在西方,这是不礼貌的,要finish eating.8、In English, only a few titles can be used: Doctor, Judge,Governor, Major,Professor, Nurse, Captain, Colonel.9、西方人可以当面指出朋友的错误,东方人不行.10、加拿大人：No seeing out when Guest leaves.No stand-up when your leaders comes in.No help for old people.11、Positively commenting on somenting can indicate that the speaker like to possess it.所以中国人一听到人家说"I love your scarf,It is really pretty〞赞美她的东西,就会坚持要送给人家.12、中国人赞美的语言特征：以"you〞"your〞开头,西方人则以"I〞开头.13、西方人认为losing weigh is good 中国人不认为good.14、M-time：西方-Northern American,Western and Northern EuropeanP-time:东方-Latin American,Afican,Arab,most Asian15、地中海文化：夸X/大悲痛,经常可以见到男性在公共场合哭.美国：男性压抑情感.日本：男性更加压抑情感,将生气、悲伤、失望用微笑掩埋.韩国：太多的微笑会被认为肤浅.泰国：The land of smiles.16、眼神接触西方人希望有眼神接触,阿拉伯人也同意.日本人、Latin American、加勒比海人不提倡太长时间眼神接触.17、谈话之间美国人不希望有silence,日本人很欣赏silence.18、Body contactAsia、地中海文化可以有同性之间的,但异性之间是禁止的.19、Negotiation日本、中国、中东、巴西、墨西哥认为relationship在negotiaton重要20、美国人见到别人打招呼用first name,也会touch people ,英国人则要熟络之后才用first name.21、英国人有很强的隐私22、西方人通常选择座位：主人指的或他们喜欢的, 中国人认为坐在不是很舒服的位置可显示出谦虚.23、adj. 和V经常被英语用来赞美,adj. adv.和V经常被东方人用来赞美.24、T aboos东西方都是禁忌的：关于排泄物、sexual intercourse and parts of the body、four-letter words、诅咒.25、Thought patterns美国：factual-inductive 事实归纳型Russian：axiomatic-deductive 推论/演绎型Arab：intuitive-affective 直觉/观型26、In Korea,女士如果有社会地位的一般穿dress或skirt,只有地位低得才穿trousers.27、"OK〞gesture：美国means good,Brazil means 下流的,不好的,Japan 和korea means money.28、美国人wil sit with their feet on the desk,which shows 他们舒服,但对于Latin American or Asians,这个行为是粗鲁的和自大傲慢的.29、personal spaceShort distance：Latins,地中海的ArabsMedium distance：Americans,Northern EuropeansLong distance：Japanese,地中海的Europeans30、Seating arrangements美国人：tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or stand beside them.中国人：with people sitting next to each other.31、Point to objects美国人：用index fingerGerman：little fingerJapanese：entire handAsian:用index finger is considered rude.32、Beckoning sign〔示意叫唤〕中国人：By shaking the hand with palm turned downward,对于美国人,这个动作means wave goodbye. 美国人：one palm up,fingers more or less together,and moves toward his or her body.33、Counting with fingersChinese:bending the fingers from a stretcher palmAmerican:stretching the fingers from a cleachen fist.。

跨文化交际实用教程 unit 8.