语法补充讲义一(虚拟语气1)
高中英语语法一对一专项辅导讲义：虚拟语气
锐思教育学科教师辅导讲义表示与现在或将来的事实相反，主句用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”；表示与过去的事实相反，主句用“would (should, could, might)+have+过去分词”；①用with, without, but for, in case of, supposing, otherwise, or等代替条件状语从句。
Without /But for your help, I wouldn’t have passed the test.= If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have passed the test. 没有你的帮助，我不会通过那次考试。
He was not present, otherwise, he would have helped us. 他当时不在，否则他会帮我们的。
You should take an umbrella with you in case of the rain. 你应该带把雨伞以防下雨。
Supposing he does not come, should we go without him? 他若不来，是不是就不带他去？②用分词短语代替条件状语从句。
Born in better times (= If he had been born in better times ), he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。
Failing this time (= If you failed this time ), what would you do? 假如这次失败，那你怎么办？③用名词短语代替条件状语从句。
A few hours earlier (= If you had come a few hours earlier ), you would have been able to meet the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到这位著名的作家了。
语法补充讲义一（虚拟语气1）
语法补充讲义一（虚拟语气1）语法补充讲义一：虚拟语气1 虚拟条件句请打印或复制本文档到便携设备供下次课讲解一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件句可分为三类：●叙述与现在事实相反的情况●叙述与过去事实相反的情况●叙述与将来事实相反的情况。
详细说明：1. 与现在事实相反条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”。
如：If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。
If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。
2. 与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。
If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。
3．与将来事实相反条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”, 如：If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。
If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气PPT教学课件
1.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1.2.1.句型“…wish that…” 在wish后的that宾语从句中：1.如果表示对现在的愿望，从句谓语要使用过去时: （1）从句谓语动词如果是be，则用were形式。 （2）从句谓语动词如果是行为动词，则用过去时形式。--I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只鸟儿。--I wish you didn’t talk like that. 但愿你没有那样说。
1.1.6.含蓄条件句
英语中有些句子从形式上看不包含条件从句，但在意义上却是非真实条件句，这类句子称为含蓄条件句，这样的句子可分为三类
1.省略整个条件句 --Such mistakes could have been avoided. (省略了if we had been more careful). 这样的错误本来是能够避免的。 --I should have caught the train. (省略了if I had left a little earlier) 我本应该赶上火车的。
2.如果表示对将来的愿望，从句谓语动词用 “would (could, might )+动词原形” 的形式。 --I wish you would do the favor for me. 但愿你会帮我这个忙。 --I wish I could speak several languages. 但愿我会说好几种语言。
1.1.2.和过去事实相反的非真实条件句
这类非真实条件句表示过去未发生的事情，和过去事实相反。比如：
--If I had left a little earlier ,I would have caught the train. 如果我早一点离开的话，我就会赶上火车了。--The man’s life might have been saved if he had been sent to a better hospital.如果把那个人送到一家更好的医院的话，他也许回被救活的
虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。
所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。
除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句，短语也可表示条件。
此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。
但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。
除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外，在名词从句中也可使用虚拟语气。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.If I were you, I would go at once. If there were no air, people would die.①表示与现在事实相反的情况：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.If I could type, I might save lot of timeIf it were not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.If it were not for your timely help, we would be in serious trouble.②表示与过去事实相反的情况：If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.If the problem had been solved in time, we might have completed the project last month.If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him.If I had tried my best, I could have earned much more money.If he had apologized, you should have done so too.If it had not been for her good care, I might not have got well so soon.③表示对将来情况的主观推测或可能违背将来事实的假设：这种情况下一般指的是将来情况下不大可能发生的情况，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望它发生。
虚拟语气(经典课件)
从句用过去完成时，主句用 would/should/could/might+have done。如：If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
与将来事实相反
从句用一般过去时/were to do/should do，主句用 would/should/could/might+动词原形。如：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.
PART 01
虚拟语气概述
定义与特点
01
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 ，用于表示与实际情况相反的假 设、愿望、建议等。
02
虚拟语气的主要特点是通过改变 动词的形式来传达一种非真实或 假设的语气。
虚拟语气的作用
表达与事实相反的假设
通过虚拟语气，可以表达与现实情况 不符的假设条件，从而探讨可能的结 果或情况。
PART 05
虚拟语气与其他语法的综 合应用
虚拟语气与情态动词的综合应用
情态动词+have done
表示对过去事情的推测，或表达说话人的主观意愿和态度。如：Must have done表示对过去事 情的肯定推测。
情态动词+have been doing
表示对过去正在进行的动作的推测，或表达说话人的某种情绪。如：Should have been working表示本应该一直在工作。
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虚拟语气(经典课件)
WENKU DESIGN
WENKU DESIGN
虚拟语气-完整版PPT课件
= It is our suggestion that you (should) be there on time.
= It is suggested that you (should) be there on time.
2.If I had had time, I would have stayed there. Had I had time,
3.If it should rain/If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. Should it rain tomorrow, Were it to rain tomorrow
3）. 错综时间条件句： If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would feel better now.
条件从句谓语与主句谓语发生时间不一致时，被称为 错综时间条件句。此时主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而定。
If he _h_a_d__s_p_e_n_t(spend) more time practicing speaking English before, he _w_o_u_l_d_b_e____(be) able to speak it better now.
你该离开了。
should do
It’s high time( that )you left.
It’s high time( that) you should leave.
我们该下课了。 It’s time that we had a break. It’s time that we should have a break.
高考英语语法：虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一）虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。
虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将就考试重点作详细讲解。
一、虚拟语气的用法常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时,主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。
主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be→were/do→did 将来would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do (只能用should) 过去would/should/could/have done had done 注：有些语法书中在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do→did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。
例句：If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk.(选自2007年Text 1)分析：该句是复合句。
译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一个值得注意的现象。
例句：If that happened, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. (选自2011年Text 3) 分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。
高中英语语法系列--虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实(表示客观事实要用陈述语气)。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
比较：If she asks me tomorrow,I shall do it.如果她明天请求我，我会做的。
(陈述语气，说话人认为请求的可能性大)If she asked me tomorrow, I should do it. 假如她明天请求我，我会做的。
(虚拟语气，说话人认为请求的可能性小或不可能请求)1 虚拟语气的用法1-1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were/was not busy today, I should go with you.如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If he were/was here,he might talk with you.如果他在这里，他可能会同你谈谈。
If I were you,I wouldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。
If I knew the answer to the question,I should/ would tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我当然会告诉你。
If we left now, we should/would arrive there in time.如果我们现在就动身，我们会准时到达那里。
If he didn't do exercise every day,he wouldn't be so strong.如果他不每天锻炼，他不会那样强壮的。
If it weren't raining, we would go fishing.要是现在不下雨，我们就去钓鱼了。
虚拟语气讲解版
2. 虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中
If only 引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟 语气结构，现已成为惯用法，表达愿望一种不真实的 条件，译成“要是……就好了！” 从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望， 对过去没有实现的或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去 完成时。
If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好 了．
等.
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2. would/had rather
would sooner/prefer+object clause 在虚拟语气中的用法表 示希望或婉转的责备。
E.g. 1.I intended I should call on you , but I was busy at that time. 2.I am sorry ,but I really didn’t mean to hurt. 3.I had planned to travel to Canada, but I had something more important to cope with.
I didn’t hear the phone, I must have been sleeping..
五）虚拟语气用于主语从句．
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应 如此等． 句型：It is /was+ 形容词/过去分词/名词 + that ……
虚拟语气讲义（15个句式）
虚拟语气讲义（15个句式）虚拟语气讲义1．虚拟语气句型1If + were/ did/ (动词的过去式), 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do 。
(表示对现在的假设)eg. If I were you, I would not be so proud . 如果我是你,我不会如此自负.eg. I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others 我没有手机，如果我有手机的话，和别人联系就方便的多了。
eg. If I were in your position, I would think better of it .如果我处在你现在的境地，我会重新考虑然后放弃。
2. 虚拟语气句型2If + had done, 主语+would/ might/ should / could + have done表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设。
eg. What a pity it is that you didn’t attended the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.真遗憾你昨天没有去听音乐会。
如果你去了，你就会见到那位名歌手。
eg. Anyone in his position would have done the same= If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.3. 虚拟语气句型3If + were/ did(动词过去式)/should/ were to do , 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do (表示对将来的假设).eg. If he should refuse (= if he were to refuse = if he refused ),it wouldn’t matter 万一他拒绝了. 那也没有什么关系.eg. If you shouldn’t pa ss the college entrance examination, what would you do?万一你高考不中，你该怎么办？4. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可省去if，可将主语与这些词倒装，构成虚拟倒装句。
if虚拟语气的用法(一)讲义-2022届高考英语二轮复习语法专题
if虚拟语气的用法授课目标：让学生学会判断并掌握if虚拟语气的主从句结构，掌握对应题目的解题步骤。
一、if虚拟语气1.概念If I have money,I will buy a lipstick.If I had money,I would buy a villa.if真实条件句的规则：主将从现（主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时）if虚拟条件句的使用情况：与事实相反或不太可能发生的情况，用虚拟语气。
2.对现在事实的虚拟If I had time, I would sleep all day.If I had 5 million dollars, I wouldn’t work anymore.If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.Mon, if I were you, I wouldn’t ask my son to study at weekends.（虚拟语气中be动词用were）【归纳】与现在事实相反的假设从句__过去式____主句___3d1t___would/should/could /might__+动词原形_____【练习】1.If he studies harder, he ________(catch up) with us soon.2.If you ________(come) to the party, you would have a good time.3.If you called me, I _______(have) a good time.4.We ________(go) to visit Tian’anmen square if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.【总结】对现在事实虚拟：从句_________________，主句_____________________，be动词用_________。
2025届高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解讲义
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解不同情况条件从句谓语主句谓语使用场景与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+have done既然是过去了，那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实，所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形与现在事实相反If+主语+did(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+do既可能是事实，也可能是假设条件。
因此，假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况与将来事实相反If+主语+ did(be动词用were)If+主语+ wereto + doIf+主语+should+ do主语+should/would/could/might+do对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础，而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。
所以，对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句，而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
高中语法精讲虚拟语气
高中语法精讲虚拟语气(1)对现在的虚拟If从句主句did/were would/should/could/might doIf I were you, I would tell her the truth.=Were I you, I would tell her the truth.If条件句的倒装:去掉if, 句子部分倒装(半倒装，即以前学过的一般疑问句的语序)备注虚拟语气中，不管主语是不是单数都用were(2)对过去的虚拟If从句主句had done would/should/could/might have doneIf you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam.=Had you taken my advice, you would have passed the exam.省略if(3)对将来的虚拟If从句主句did/should do/were to do would/should /could/might doIf he didn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.=If he should come tomorrw, we would put off the meeting.=If he were to come tomorrw, we would put off the meeting.总结主过将从过主过将完从过完[例1](陕西卷)If we ___the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken答案B主句是过将完，所以从过完，过去完成时[例2](天津卷)--John went to the hospital alone.--If he___me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told答案D[例3] (2013重庆)- It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we__A. hadn'tB. haven'tC. didn'tD. don't答案A省略特殊情况①错综时间条件句例: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.做题时注意:动词的形式根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
高中语法①：虚拟语气
一．条件从句虚拟语气的运用*1.if条件句中如果有were/should/had,可以省略If，并使用倒装语序。
e.g If I were you＝Were I youIf he had been there=Had he been there2.对过去事实虚拟时，表示“如果当时有可能或能够”时条件从句用：could have done二．含蓄条件句常用介词短语：otherwise，or, the case, with, without, but for(要不是因为)e.g But for your advice,I would have failed.(=If you hadn’t given me advice,I would have failed.) 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。
三．特殊句型 1.If only +主语+did/were现在had done 过去did/were/could do 将来（要是……就好了）2.Wish+宾语从句，要是……就好了①现在不能实现：从句用一般过去时②将来不能实现：从句would/could/might/+V，不用should③过去不能实现：从句had+过去分词或could/should/would+have doneI wish I were ten years younger.（现在的虚拟）但愿我能年轻十岁。
I wish I could fly to the moon some day(将来的虚拟)如果有一天我能飞到月球就好了。
I wish you had come to the lecture(过去的虚拟)但愿你当时来听报告了。
3.would rather句型的虚拟语气would rather+主语+过去时（与现在相反的事实）过去完成时（与过去相反）Eg：I’d rather we had a rest now. 我希望我们现在休息一下。
4 as if/though引导的表语从句/状语从句中的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气一. 条件句虚拟语气1.概念虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测，或者是建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。
它是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可以用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思，用情态动词could，might等来代替should，would。
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就能见到了李先生。
注意：1. if 省略句在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首, 变为倒装句式。
如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.2、用连词otherwise, or, but暗示前面的条件或者用介词but for, without代替条件状语从句，例句如下：It’s lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now.But for(要不是) the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.三．宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。
虚拟语气 课件
好它。（ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ用文之演讲稿）
虚拟语气考点 3
三、几种特殊结构
1.It’s (high/about ) time +that -
(在“It's(high/about)time(that)．..”句型中，that引导的 定语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词要用过去 式或用“should＋动词原形”。)
• 如果没有你的帮助，我不能取得这么大的进步。
（应用文之感谢信）
2. "If you had been more careful, our daughter would not have been lost", she couldn't contain her anger and shouted at her husband. “如果你更加细心一些，我们的女儿就不会走丢”， 她抑制不住怒火，朝她丈夫喊道。 （读后续写情绪描写之愤怒）
He was full of regret/He was extremely regretful. If only he had kept waiting for two more minutes. 他后悔莫及， 要是他当时坚持再等多两分钟该多好啊！
（读后续写之感觉描写）
How I wish I knew the answers at the very moment. But I don't. 在那个时刻，我真希望我知道答案啊！可是我不 知道。（读后续写之表示愿望）
虚拟语气考点 2
Should +v 型
(1)在insist, command，order，demand， request，require，advise，propose， suggest，recommend等表示命令、要求、建议 的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气(should ＋动词原形，should可省略)。 He proposed that the book(should) be banned. 他提议查禁这本书。 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion，order， demand，proposal等后的表语从句、同位语从 句中也要使用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形， should可省略)。
英语重点语法讲解——虚拟语气(一)
英语重点语法讲解——虚拟语气（一）今天凯撒国际英语的小编教你如何正确使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是英语语法中的重点知识。
只有把基础英语语法学扎实了，再进一步学习可是很轻松的哦！虚拟语气表达的句子意思很丰富的，对于英语口语也有很大的帮助！接下来，一起学习吧！1）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
16.1 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。
时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2 非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should( would) +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
2023届高考英语语法知识整理复习讲义(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
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语法补充讲义一：虚拟语气1 虚拟条件句请打印或复制本文档到便携设备供下次课讲解一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件句可分为三类：●叙述与现在事实相反的情况●叙述与过去事实相反的情况●叙述与将来事实相反的情况。
详细说明：1. 与现在事实相反条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”。
如：If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。
If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。
2. 与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。
If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。
3．与将来事实相反条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”, 如：If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。
If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday.如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。
归纳：在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句中用过去将来时。
二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果if虚拟条件句中有were, had, 或者should等词时，可以省略if，把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。
如：If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。
If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I would do it better.如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了。
三、练习：（一）、动词变形用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. —¬ If the factory ___________ (belong) to me, I ___________ (not sell) it.—But it isn’t yours.2. — If you ___________ (keep) the secret, nobody ___________ (know) it.—I’m sorry for making such a mistake.3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I ______ (go) for an outing with my parents.4. ___________ (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.5. ___________ (have) I had time last night, I ___________ (go) to see this wonderful film.（二）、完成句子根据中文提示完成下列各句。
1. 如果你年轻五岁，你该怎么办？What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five years younger?2. 如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。
If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _________________________________.3. 如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。
If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I ______________________ my car to go shopping.4. 如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。
If it ______________________ clear up tomorrow, we ______________________ for a picnic. 5. 如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军。
If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the army.6. 如果你是我兄弟，你也会一样对我。
If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way.7. 如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。
I ___________ ___________ very happy, if I ___________ an elder sister like you.8. 如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。
If I ______________________ up the wallet, I _________________________________ it to its owner.9. 万一明天下大雪，一切都将被改变。
If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything ___________ be changed.10. 如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。
If you ______________________ that day, the fire _________________________________ out.（三）、选择最佳答案。
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. should giveD. may give2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walkedB. if Bob should walkC. had Bob walkedD. if Bob walked3. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation.A. WasB. WereC. BeD. Am4. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all.A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t seeC. comes, couldn’t have seenD. came, couldn’t see5. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.A. isB. beC. wereD. are6. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might7. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way.A. Were IB. Am IC. If I amD. Was I8. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always rea dy to help others.A. shouldB. hadC. would haveD. did9.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river.A. If I stoppedB. Did I stopC. If I didn’t stopD. If I hadn’t stopped10. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck.A. am, would goB. was, will goC. were, would goD. were, would have gone11. If you __________ my advice, you _________ such a serious mistake.A. followed, can’t makeB. followed, couldn’t have madeC. had followed, couldn’t makeD. had followed, couldn’t have made12. If I _________ that crowded bus yesterday morning, I _________ my purse with a lot of money in it.A. didn’t take, couldn’t loseB. hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have lostC. hadn’t taken, couldn’t loseD. didn’t take, can’t have lost请打印或复制本文档到便携设备供下次课讲解。