2014高考英语阅读理解专题指导主旨大意题
专题01阅读理解(主旨大意与观点态度题)(精讲课件)-十年(2014-2023)高考英语真题试题研究
真题回顾：2022·全国甲卷C
【答案】10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就 对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始 周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是 Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到 很好的保护。故选C。
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
10. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? 正确答案C. It should be well preserved.
3
应试技巧
作者的观点态度大致分为三种： (1)褒义——支持或赞同； (2)中立或客观； (3)贬义——怀疑、批评或反对。 作者的观点态度还可以从词的内涵上判断。如果作者对某个话题、事件、行为持肯定的态度 或观点，那么他肯定用褒义词；相反，则用贬义词。
应试技巧
3. 问作者对某事物的态度时，表示＂客观＂的词多为正确选项，如objective, impartial, unbiased 等；问作者对文中提到的人/物或其观点态度时，答案多是肯定或 否定、支持或反对。 4. 能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
高考英语_2014年高考真题汇编：阅读理解之主旨大意
2014年高考真题汇编：阅读理解之主旨大意Passage 1(2014课标全国Ⅱ,A)体裁:记叙文词数:269Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen ahalf-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often senda warm wish their way.1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A.Go shopping.B.Find a house.C.Join his family.D.Take a vacation.2.The girl s parents got Rashid s phone number from.A.a friend of his familyB.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papersD.a stranger in Sydney3.What does the underlined word “restored”in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed.B.Sent out.C.Delivered.D.Gave back.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。
2014年全国高考英语试题分类汇编：阅读之新题型【Word版,含解析】
2014全国高考汇编阅读新题型一（2014安徽卷）第一节任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people today . However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert , the majority is over the age of fifty.Others say it is more popular than we first imagine . Many young people listen to classical music without realising .It is often used in films and advertisements. For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup . Not many people could have given its name , but millions enjoyed it .Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!【答案】relevant【试题解析】原词再现。
从2014年北京高考阅读看主旨大意题
2014B: 记叙文:The Brown Bear 思考：故事主线是什么？BThe Brown BearMy wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shoutin g, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!” An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back---- the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack----- The first time I felt panic.Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but t he outcome for us could hardly have been better. I’m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.60. The brown bear approached the family in order to _______.A. catch shore birdsB. start an attackC. protect the childrenD. set up a barrier for itself61. The bear finally went away after it _______.A. felt safeB. got injuredC. found some foodD. took away the camera62. The writer and his family survived mainly due to t heir ______ .A. prideB. patienceC. calmnessD. cautiousness熊来了-又走了-Why？…approached---went away--- Message:？主旨题：“串线摘帽”即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
高考英语复习 阅读理解主旨大意题 (50页PPT)
good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows
interest in further relations with you.
Tip 2: at the end
主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证,
最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在 结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
3. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own(by themselves) . Still others like a democratic(民主的) discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised(design) to satisfy all students at the same time.
is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our
personality. If we are treated with respect by others, we soon
come to have more respect for ourselves. Then, too, one‘s own
2.Let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality
development and an improved social adjustment. In the first place,
高考英语阅读理解-主旨大意题
高考阅读理解主旨大意题专项主旨大意题通常涉及概括中心大意、揭示主题、选择标题判断作者写作意图等形式。
1.The main idea of the passage is that __________.2.The passage is mainly about __________.3.The best title of the passage is __________.4.From the passage we can learn/ conclude that __________.5.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is __________.6.Which is the best title of this passage?7.What’s the main idea of the passage?8.What’s the purpose of__________?实战演练A(全国I)Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________ ．A. they look like young cuckoosB. they have claws on the wingsC. they eat a lot like a cowD. they live on river banks3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.B(全国卷I )Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best .Those testedwith their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned. Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes. Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released (放松)around Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average，people lost about 11 pounds，Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more then 15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say Researchers，got more exercise overall –mostly with their dogs –and found it worth doing.1．What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their ownersB. How pets help people calm downC. people’s opinions of keeping petsD. Pet’s value in medical research2．We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if____________A. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often dose mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family3．According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.4．The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that __________.A. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpfulC(天津)To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.Common sense is not all that common.Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibili ty for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an i deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Commonsense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company,” the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people. Get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?1. According to the passage, which of following seems the most human?A. To search for truth．B. To achieve one’s idealC. To make fun of others’ mistakes．D. To criticize others for one’s own error. 2．According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s mat urity?A. Doing things his own way.B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.C. Making as few mistakes as possible．D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing.3．Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather.C. A company’s next move follows a good plan．D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments．4. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse?A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.5. What would be the best title for his passage?A. A Mirror of Human NatureB. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of MaturityD. Truth or ExcuseD(重庆)Sitting on the peaceful coast of the Galapagos Islands. Ecuador , watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget the Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired(启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to theislands.The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin die hour 200 years ago ,each day is as impressive as it could be.The most well crown animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise ( 巨型陆龟),which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself.Despite strict control over activities and timing, you stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea how that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch you feet as you swim and ,most magically , seeing a with and her baby surface with great breath of air.Traveling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will fell as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world .At night you will sleep on board the ship , leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.1. What do we know about Darwin’s visit to the islands?A. He studied different creatures on the islands.B. He completed his famous book on the islands.C. He was touched by the geography of the islands.D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands.2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands “a paradise for wildlife”?A. Animals on the islands feed on grass.B. Local government forbids killing wildlife.C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish.D. Tourists are not allowed to torch the animals.3．Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of .A. the beautiful sea viewsB. Darwin’s inspiring tripC．a closer view of animals D. various daring activities4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife LoversB. Galapagos as a Paradise for AdventurersC. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of GalapagosD. A Successful Example of Wildlife ProtectionE(重庆)Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.This sense of wonder is universal look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) literature or movies like The lord of the Rings, This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone to far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms, however, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters for television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends , we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad, But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet (出路) our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something, We are missing a connection with the living world. Otherwonderful wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.1. The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves ___ .A. the close connection between man and the fantasy worldB. the wonderful achievements of fantasy literatureC. the fine taste of moviegoers around the worldD. the general existence of the sense of curiosity2. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.B. The world around us could serve as a sound of wonder.C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.3. If our sense of wonder relies totally on the world of make-believe. We will______.A. fail to appreciate the joy in our livesB. be confused by the world of make-believeC. miss the chance to recognize the fantasy worldD. be trapped by other worlds existing all around us4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy wonderC. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonderD. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe。
【名师特编++阅读理解技巧篇】2014高考二轮阅读理解——专题+主旨大意题(77张ppt)
D．A Driving Experience
返回
◆高考二轮专题复习与测试•英语◆
解析： 主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转 折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据
(1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生
选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。题干多为如下形
式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
返回
◆高考二轮专题复习与测试•英语◆
(2)政府部门必须尽快采取行动保护河流被污染。 The government must take actions to prevent the __________________________________________ river from being polluted as soon as possible. ____________________________________
返回
◆高考二轮专题复习与测试•英语◆
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is
about________.
(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求
考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：
折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this
2014高考英语阅读理解常见题型：主旨大意题
2014高考英语阅读理解常见题型：主旨大意题高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评，请广大考生家长关注。
时光飞逝，暑假过去了，新学期开始了，不管情愿与否，无论准备与否，我们已走进高三，走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。
英语高考卷中阅读理解占总分的约1/3，所占比重居各题型之首，是―重中之重‖，此部分的得分直接决定了整个试卷的分数层次，可谓―得阅读者得天下‖。
考试时由于学生在听力、语法、词汇、完型填空等各部分已花费了大约45分钟的时间，在阅读理解的答题过程中，就会出现耐力―临界点‖，感觉注意力、理解力甚至心理都会受到影响。
为此，复习阅读理解部分时应分清阅读理解的试题类型，采用不同的解题技巧。
阅读理解的基本解题步骤是预览题目，记住考察要点;浏览材料及复读阅读材料，寻找与问题有关的细节或内容。
最后解答问题，确定答案。
但根据不同的试题类型，可以有针对性地采取一些策略。
阅读理解的常见题型有四大类：四、主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是考查考生对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
研读近年高考阅读理解，我们会发现，命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文和中心思想的能力，每年阅读理解中的主旨大意题多达5题左右。
(一)命题方式主旨大意题命题形式主要有三大类：一类是概括中心思想(main idea)型;一类是确定文章标题或主题(topic / title / headline)型;还有一类是问文章的写作目的(purpose)。
近些年高考中常见的主旨大意题命题形式有：1) What would be the best title for the text?2) What is the topic of the text?3) Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4) The best title / headline for this passage might be ______.5) The author‗s main purpose in writing the passage is ______.6) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?7) Which of the following best summarizes the passage?8) The main idea / The general idea / The main theme of this passage is ______.9) The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.(二)解题指导大部分文章都有主题句(topic sentence)，主题句表达了文章的中心思想(main idea)，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。
【湖北专用】2014高考英语二轮专题知识与增分策略第二部分阅读理解主旨大意题
考纲解读高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
考情分析纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点：1．突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛，体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
2．信息密集，句子优美，结构复杂阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。
阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。
各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。
结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。
3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。
各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。
阅读理解分为五大题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。
考点1主旨大意之精确归纳标题真题解密Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to：Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，A) 36．What does the author say about doctors in general?A．They like flying by themselves.B．They are unwilling to take advice.C．They pretend to be good pilots.D．They are quick learners of CRM.答案 B解析细节理解题。
高中英语真题-2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习(39)及答案
高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习（39）及答案阅读理解When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could le ave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm and，in the winter especially, we were quite cut off from the outside w orld. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to t he capital. However, I soon discovered that city life has its probl ems too.One big disadvantage is money—it costs so much to go out，not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvant age is pollution. I suffer from asthma (哮喘), and at times the air is so bad that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of traveling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it because of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle，but that can be quite dangerous.Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city，whatever your tastes in culture or entertainment (娱乐活动). Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally，if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising—and, what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.Is life better then，in the city? Perhaps it is，when you are in your teens(十几岁)or twenties. However, as you get older，and especially if you have small children, the peace of the coun tryside may seem preferable. I certainly hope to move back ther e soon.1、. What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?A. Staying on the farm.B. Moving to the countryside.C. Leaving home for the city.D. Running away from the school.【详解剖析】细节理解题。
2014届阅读理解主旨大意课件
阅读： 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、 公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般 性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： （1）理解语篇主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息; （3）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； （4）根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理； （5）理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系； （6）根据文中事实和线索推断作者的观点、意图和 态度； （7）根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括 主要内容或作关键词词语转换。
•
(体现全面性, 避免以偏概全)
(1) What is the passage mainly about? (2) The passage talks about ... (3) The passage tells us that ... (4) This passage mainly deals with ... (5) What’s the main idea / topic of the passage?
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式 (体现针对性, 避免张冠李戴)
• (1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that … • (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? • (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? • (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
Eg.2 Passage B(NMET2003)
2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题(66)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题（66)及答案阅读理解Can you imagine a catfish bigger than a boy？There are more than 1，000 kinds of catfish; 28 species are found in the United States' lakes and rivers。
This huge family has some mighty strange members. Let’s meet a few。
Walking catfish。
Nature’s feisty little catfish, found in southern Florida, has an extra lung for breathing on dry land。
When its swimming hole dries up，the walking catfish waddles on stiff forward fins in search of another lake or stream. If an enemy attacks，the fish flares （展开）its top and front fins and leaps at the attacker to scare it off.Armored catfish。
This catfish has heavy，bony plates protecting its body。
The shell makes the fish difficult to bone。
To cook it，throw the fish whole into a fire。
When it is done，break it open for eating. Some armored catfish are found in Florida, but the 100－pounders live in South America.Rounding out the family of strange catfish are talking catfish, which make growing sound when you pull them from the water；climbing catfish, which move quickly up shore brush in search of food; electriccatfish，which can deliver a mild shock; and blind catfish，which settle in the inky blackness of underwater caves。
2014江苏高考——阅读理解指导(精讲精析)
阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。
下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。
一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text?阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。
同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。
此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。
如：(2013 江苏卷B篇)We’ve considered several ways o f paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).60. The passage is meant to .A. justify paying for faster servicesB. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in lineD. criticize the behavior of queue jumping解析：文章主要阐述了两种不同的分配方式，即传统的waiting for your turn和市场竞争中出现的paying a price for faster service。
2014年高考英语 专题15 阅读理解考纲解读及热点难点试题演练
专题15 阅读理解-2014年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点试题演练要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以与公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：①理解主旨和要义；②理解文中具体信息；③根据上下文推断生词的词义；④作出判断和推理；⑤理解文章的根本结构；⑥理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
一、选题特征分析近几年的高考阅读试题，可以看出高考选题具有以下四个特征：1．时代新颖性每年的高考试卷中都有一定的文章，讲某一领域的新知识或介绍一些新观念、新方法或新事物，如：浙江卷介绍具有触摸屏导购装置的超市购物车。
2．人文实用性每年的高考试卷中都有一定的新闻和广告方面的应用文，注重人文与学生生活、社会生活的结合，尽可能表现语言的实用性与工具性。
如：全国卷的(英国)路透社对于美加边界居民跨国界做礼拜的报道。
3．体裁多样性高考阅读的体裁包括人物传记、表示文、说明文、应用文和议论文。
如：江苏卷的A篇是人物传记，介绍英国作家Jane Austen；B篇是应用文，书店导购；C篇是表示文，讲述the Sahara Festival庆祝活动相关内容；D篇是说明文，介绍植物自我保护功能；E篇是议论文，论述了20世纪科学上的进步给人类带来的影响。
可以说，如果语言输入量没有一定的广度，是不能适应这种选材上的多样化的。
4．考查综合性为了能够考查学生较高层面上的阅读技能，所选语篇在结构上都较复杂。
作者在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上，运用了较高的组篇手段。
这些语篇内容一般有逻辑、有层次、有深度，因而，试题的命制也有相应的层次。
另外，每年都有一定比例的试题是考语言以外的背景知识，会涉与到人文、地理、历史、政治、自然科学等方面。
二、题干设计总体来说，其干扰项目的设置具有一定的科学理论模糊性，正确答案项与干扰项差异不明显，因而干扰项具有很大的迷惑性。
供选项少如此每项为一个词，多如此每项为一个长句，多数是每项为一个短语。
阅读理解题设计从题干到选项都具有灵活、巧妙、含蓄、迂回、曲折等特点，干扰性表现在：脱离原文、以偏概全、扩缩范围、偷换概念、正误并存。
2014广东高考英语试题答案与解析（阅读理解与信息匹配）
2014⼴东⾼考英语试题答案与解析（阅读理解与信息匹配）阅读（共两节）第⼀节阅读理解（共20⼩题；每⼩题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短⽂，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂⿊。
ASamuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable. They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently, “It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.26. What is special about Samuel Osmond?A. He has a gift for writing music.B. He can write down the note he hears.C. He is a top student at the law school.D. He can play the musical piece he hears.27. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.28. Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he_____ _.A. received a good early education in musicB. played the guitar and the piano perfectlyC. could play the piano without reading musicD. could play the guitar better than his father29. What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?A. He became famous during a special event at his college.B. He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.C. He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.D. He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Qualities of a MusicianB. The Story of a Musical TalentC. The Importance of Early EducationD. The Relationship between Memory and Music.本⽂是记叙⽂，介绍有⾳乐天才的Samuel Osmond。
2014高考英语阅读理解训练题(42)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练题(42）及答案阅读理解——-—-—A 篇Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea．People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive。
It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it。
They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt。
They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches。
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century。
高中英语真题-2014高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练(4)及答案
高中英语真题:2014高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练（4）及答案【2014陕西省商南县高级中学高三上二模】BIt’s good to make mistakes, and here is why.First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new thin gs. It’s always good to try new things because when you are tryi ng new things you are growing. If you never try anything new, h ow can you improve? How can you expand? The simple answe r is “You can’t”. Look around you. With very few exceptions (例外), either everything you see in your physical world or every si ngle detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying s omething new.Another good thing about mistakes is this: When you are ma king mistakes, you are learning. Consider this: Edison failed 10, 000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt to fail that many times, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that did n’t work.Finally, when you make a mistake you are much closer to su ccess. Why?Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some number of things before you succeeded. Every time you makea mistake you eliminate one of those things and are one step cl oser.But this all doesn’t mean that you should go ahead without c onsidering the consequences of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it d oesn’t work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again.We all have limited resources in the form of time and money so don’t blow them all on one approach to a problem. Realize th at it probably won’t be perfect the first time and allocate (分配) these resources appropriately so you can learn, make corre ctions, and try it again. Only by accepting and using your mistak es in this way can you make significant advances in your busin ess and your career.There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes , you’re not trying hard enough.”So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And pr osper(成功).50. From the second paragraph, we can conclude that _______.A. mistakes are better than not tryingB. we are afraid of trying new thingsC. it’s common for people to make mistakesD. mistakes are unnecessary for developmen51. The underlined word “eliminate” means _______.A. avoidB. solveC. acceptD. dismi ss52. According to the article, one thing you should pay attention t o about making mistakes is _______.A. avoiding making the same mistakesB. accepting the puni shment willinglyC. taking consequences into accountD. trying things out o ne by one53. The article is mainly about _______.A. how to deal with mistakesB. what benefits mistakes bringC. how to achieve successD. how to make use of you r mistakes54. What would the writer probably suggest we say to ourselves when we make a mistake?A. Never mind, I can always try again.B. I’d better stay out of trouble.C. Great! Now I can learn something.D. Look at this mess . Anyone would be upset.【参考答案】50-54 ADCBC阅读理解------E(2013·江西，D)One might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist tr ade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive t he holidaymakers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longt erm future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the buildin g of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbou nd Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise (天堂) on earth’.However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destro y the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries wher e there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holiday s, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless ho tels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most . In recent years, set out to attract foreign visitors to fund devel opments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and r are flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched par adise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousand s of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tra cks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudde n growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. F armland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some mul tinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploit ed. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his villag e working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilitie s it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand i n hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial sup port from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are bein g encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its f ate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs an d problems are more important than those of the tourist compan ies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have bee n destroyed.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
常见的设题方式有：1标题类常见的标题型题干：1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.2)The text (passage) could be entitled______________.3)What is the best title for the passage?4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2 大意类常见的主题型题干：5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) Whats the topic of the article?7) What is the subject discussed in the text?8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?3 目的主旨大意题The authors main purpose in writing the passage is______.The passage is meant to _____The purpose of this article is _______这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。
每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。
找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。
另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。
但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
A.主题句呈现的形式1）文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式.例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.2).文尾，在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式例3.A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he can controlhis own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.3).文中，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.4).首尾呼应，为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例5.（首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.she said&O1472;（尾段）The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten bysnakes.Shu said.5).无主题句，即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。
必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage?＿＿＿＿A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.[分析]此文没有主题句。
全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。
因此就答案本身看，个个都对。
读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。
由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。
如：on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus..I agree with the opinion that.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer.B.实例说明例1（文章请看推理判断例2，2003年全国高考）①What would be the best title for the text?A．Computers and Printers B．E-mail and the Business WorldC．Internet Revolution and Environment D．Modern Technology and New Markets[分析]本题考查对于全文主旨大意的把握并要求考生据此选择最佳标题．全文的关键词应该是Internet和Environment，因此答案为C．其余选项中的computers，printers，e—mail，business world，technology，market都在文中提到了，但其作用只是为了阐明主题所需，答题时不可以点代面．例2：As prices and building costs keep rising,the "do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趋势）in the U.S.continues to grow."We needed furniture（家具）for our living room,"says John Ross,"and we just didn't have enough money to buy it.So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs."John got married six months ago,and like many young people these days,they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high.The Rosses took a 2-week course for $ 280 at a night school.Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died.Hs has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making st month,he received a car repair bill for $ 420."I was deeply upset about it.Now I've finished a car repair course,I should be able to fix the car by myself."John and Jim are not unusual people.Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so the can fight the high cost of living.If you want to become a "do-it-yourselfer",you can go to DIY calsses.And for those who don't have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.（1998NMET）②.What would be the best title for the text?A.the Joy of DIYB.You Can Do It Too!C.Welcome to Our DIY Course!D.Ross and Hatfield:Believers in DIY.[分析]根据首句As prices and building costs keep rising,the "do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趋势）in the U.S.continues to grow.和尾句And for those who don't have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.可以知道答案为B例3：A university graduate described as a respectable and intelligent woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of （证明有罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD,has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops .Luz ,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road ,Cambridge ,admitted stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street ,London ,on March 9.Phillip Lemoyne ,prosecuting（起诉）,said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies toilet in the store .When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected ,having taken off the anti-theft security alarms（防盗警报装置）.She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying ,Mr Lemoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.Luz,28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October ,but Morag Duff, defending ,said she had never been in trouble with the police before that .She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesnt really have any explanation why she did this , Miss Duff said . She didnt intend to steal when she went into the store .She is at a loss to explain it . She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡50,and warned : Youve got a criminal record .If you carry on like this ,you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your bright future you may have.Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain ,went on to a famous university in Berlin , Germany for her masters degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University ,UK.（2004福建）③.What would be the best title for the passage ?A．Shoplifting Shame of a PhD Student B．Apologizing for the Actions in ShopsC．Seeking Professional Help from Experts D．Controlling the Desire to Steal from Shops [分析]文章主要讲的是一个女博士生盗窃的事，唯有A答案(女博士的偷窃丑闻)点出了主题，其他答案均为细节的描述，不能成为正确答案例4：Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.First, lets talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, its very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isnt enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion sections.If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, youll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.（2004重庆卷）④.The main purpose of this text is.A. to help the students to learn about university lifeB. to persuade the students to attend lecturesC. to encourage the sudents to take part in discussionsD. to advise the students to choose proper majors[分析]答案A B、C为细节，无论对错不能成为此类题型的答案.D.没有涉及到如何选择专业的问题you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.例5：Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. Lets shake (hands) on it sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her.Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly- There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.（2005年安徽卷）⑤The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. where handshaking was first practicedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relationship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China[分析]第一段主要讲述了握手的起源。