英语科技论文写作与发表1
如何写一篇英文科技论文
如 何写 一篇英 文科技论文
◆尹小军 康健 刘永立 赵福 军 陈海 波
摘
要 根 据形 成 英文科 技 论文 的模 式 I M A R D( 即引 言 、材 料和
件很 困难 的事 ,即便是对 英语 国家 的人,很 多时候 他们 的
论文 也 因为语 言 问题被 退稿 。即便英 语不 是母 语,科技 论
文也应符合标准英 语语 言的习惯 ( 句型 、语法 、拼写等 )。
英文科技论文 的句 子应该是完整 的,读者容 易理解 的。
英 文 科 技 论 文 的 撰 写 有 一 个 基 本 模 式 M A R D法
研 究有 多 好,都不会 产生 很大 的影响 英文 论文写 作是一
该 研 究领 域有 一个深 刻、全面 的理解 ,能够 给读 者 阐明研
究 是 多 么 重 要 。 引 言 部 分 应 该 说 明 的 一 些 基 本 问题 : 这 是
一
个什 么 问题 ?存在 一些解 决的方 法吗 ?哪个方 法 是最好 的?它 的主要 不足 是什么 ?期 待解 决哪些 问题 ?方 案是否 已经完 成 ?引言部 分的时态 应是一 般过 去时 ( 一般 的背景 内容 ,本 文 中将要 完成 的描述 )、现在 完成时 ( 过 去到现
一
定 的 专 业 知 识 , 尽 可 能 地 用 参 考 文 献 的 形 式 , 用 图 和 表
该 问题 是否新 颖 ,是 否有研 究价值 。引 言是反 映作者 对该
研 究领 域 熟 悉 程 度 的 一 个 标 志 。
来描 述和 分析 实验方 法。在该 部分 需要提 及研 究 的地 点和
英语科技论文写作(一)
作业
• 结合你导师给定的课题查文献,列出相关 的文献:中、英文综述文章,中、英文博 士硕士论文、权威书籍、重要杂志文献。 • 查相关的专利、国内外目前开展的项目。
如何写科技学术论文
如何写英语科技学术论文
四川大学制造学院苏真伟教授
Brief CV of Zhenwei Su
• 2004-2009: Sichuan University, professor • 1997-2004: UK Universities visiting scholar,post-doc, research fellow • 1982-1997: Sichuan University, PhD, lecturer, associate professor • 1978-1982: Xian Jiaotong University, Mechanical Engineering Department • 1970-1978: Farmer or worker in Sichuan
如何了解我所在领域最具影响力 的研究人员?
如何选择合适的期刊发表论文?
当我们完成了某项研究之后,通常需要选 择一个合适的途径发表自己的研究成果, 那么怎样找到最合适自己研究领域的期刊 发表发表论文呢?您可以利用Web of Science数据库的检索结果分析功能 (Analyze)来解决这一问题。
眼睛犀利, 才能飞得高!
为什么要阅读文献
我们很多的时候,闷在实验室闭门 造车,实在不如稍抽出一点时间看看 文献。 我的大老板说,要想有成绩,别无 他法,只有读,读,大量的读文献, 尤其国外的。
主要的信息源
• 学术期刊(中文、英文) • 博士、硕士论文(中文、英文) • 学术网站(中文、英文) • 专利网站(中文、英文) • 书籍(中文、英文) 对低级研究人员:中文第一 对高级研究人员:英文第一
科学技术类英语作文模板
科学技术类英语作文模板Title: The Role of Science and Technology in the Modern World。
In the modern world, science and technology play a crucial role in shaping the way we live, work, and interact with each other. From the development of new medical treatments to the creation of innovative communication tools, the impact of science and technology is evident in every aspect of our lives. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which science and technology have transformed the world and discuss their implications for the future.One of the most significant contributions of science and technology to the modern world is in the field of healthcare. Advances in medical research and technology have led to the development of new treatments and cures for a wide range of diseases and conditions. From the discovery of antibiotics to the development of life-saving surgical techniques, science and technology have revolutionized the way we approach healthcare and have significantly improved the quality of life for millions of people around the world.In addition to healthcare, science and technology have also had a profound impact on the way we communicate and interact with each other. The invention of the internet, mobile phones, and social media has transformed the way we connect with others and access information. These technological advancements have made it easier for people to stay in touch with friends and family, collaborate on projects, and access a wealth of knowledge and resources. As a result, the world has become more interconnected than ever before, and the possibilities for collaboration and innovation are endless.Furthermore, science and technology have also played a crucial role in addressing some of the most pressing environmental challenges facing the world today. From the development of renewable energy sources to the creation of more efficient and sustainable technologies, science and technology have the potential to help us mitigate the impacts of climate change and create a more sustainable future. By investing inresearch and development in these areas, we can work towards creating a world that is more environmentally friendly and resilient to the challenges of the 21st century.Looking ahead, the role of science and technology in the modern world is only set to grow. As we continue to face new challenges and opportunities, the need for innovative solutions and advancements in science and technology will become increasingly important. From addressing global health crises to developing new technologies to support sustainable development, the potential for science and technology to shape the future is immense.In conclusion, science and technology have had a profound impact on the modern world, from transforming healthcare to revolutionizing communication and addressing environmental challenges. As we look towards the future, the role of science and technology will only continue to grow, and it will be crucial for us to invest in research and development in these areas to create a better world for future generations. By harnessing the power of science and technology, we can work towards creating a more prosperous, healthy, and sustainable world for all.。
科技相关英文作文
科技相关英文作文I'm a big fan of technology and I believe it hasgreatly impacted our lives in many positive ways. From smartphones to smart homes, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, I can control the lights, thermostat, and security system in my home with just a few taps on my smartphone. This level of convenience was unimaginable just a few years ago.英文,I also love how technology has improved communication. With social media and messaging apps, I can easily stay in touch with friends and family around the world. It's amazing to think that I can have real-time conversations with someone on the other side of the globe, all thanks to technology.中文,我还喜欢科技如何改善了沟通。
有了社交媒体和消息应用程序,我可以轻松地与世界各地的朋友和家人保持联系。
想想我可以与世界另一端的人进行实时对话,这都归功于科技。
In addition, technology has revolutionized the way we work and learn. For instance, I can attend online classes and webinars to improve my skills and knowledge without having to leave the comfort of my home. This level of accessibility has opened up so many opportunities for people around the world.英文,Furthermore, technology has also had a huge impact on the healthcare industry. With the advancement of medical technology, doctors are able to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and efficiently. For example, robotic surgery has made complex procedures safer and less invasive, leading to faster recovery times for patients.中文,此外,科技也对医疗行业产生了巨大影响。
科学与技术英文作文
科学与技术英文作文英文:Science and technology play an important role in our daily lives. They have brought us convenience and improved our quality of life. Science is the study of the natural world through observation and experiment, while technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.Science has helped us understand the world around us. For example, the discovery of antibiotics has saved countless lives by fighting off infections. The study of genetics has allowed us to understand the causes of diseases and develop treatments for them. In addition, science has helped us understand the environment and the impact of human activities on it.Technology has also greatly impacted our lives. It has made communication faster and easier, allowing us toconnect with people all over the world. We can now access vast amounts of information through the internet, and we can use technology to improve our health and fitness. For example, wearable fitness trackers can help us track our exercise and monitor our heart rate.However, science and technology also have their downsides. The overuse of technology can lead to addiction and social isolation. The development of weapons and other harmful technologies can lead to war and destruction. We must use science and technology responsibly and ethically to avoid these negative consequences.中文:科学与技术在我们日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域,创新大大改善了我们的日常生活,改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
有关科技的英文作文模板
有关科技的英文作文模板Title: The Impact of Technology on Our Lives。
In today's modern world, technology plays a significant role in our daily lives. From the way we communicate to how we conduct business, technology has transformed the way we live and work. In this essay, we will explore the impact of technology on various aspects of our lives, including communication, education, healthcare, and the economy.First and foremost, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the advent of the internet and social media, we are now able to connect with people from all over the world in an instant. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for us to stay in touch with friends and family, share our thoughts and experiences, and even conduct business. Additionally, the rise of smartphones has made it possible for us to access information and communicate on the go, further enhancing our ability to stay connected.In the field of education, technology has had a profound impact on the way we learn and acquire knowledge. With the availability of online courses, educational videos, and interactive learning platforms, students now have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips. This has made learning more flexible and convenient, allowing individuals to pursue their education at their own pace and on their own terms. Furthermore, technology has also enabled the development of innovative teaching methods, such as virtual reality and augmented reality, which have the potential to enhance the learning experience and make education more engaging and interactive.In the healthcare sector, technology has played a crucial role in improving patient care and treatment outcomes. Medical advancements, such as electronic health records, telemedicine, and wearable health devices, have made it easier for healthcare professionals to track patient data, monitor their health, and provide timely and personalized care. Additionally, the use of robotics and artificial intelligence has led to significant improvements in surgical procedures, diagnosis, and treatment planning, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and a higher standard of care.From an economic standpoint, technology has had a profound impact on the way businesses operate and compete in the global marketplace. The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and conduct transactions, making it possible for businesses to reach customers around the world and operate 24/7. Moreover, the use of big data and analytics has enabled companies to gain valuable insights into consumer behavior and market trends, allowing them to make more informed decisions and develop targeted marketing strategies. Additionally, the automation of various processes and the use of advanced manufacturing technologies have led to increased productivity and efficiency, driving economic growth and innovation.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on our lives, transforming the way we communicate, learn, receive healthcare, and conduct business. As technology continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly shape the future in ways we cannot yet imagine, further impacting the way we live and interact with the world around us. It is essential that we embrace these advancements and harness the potential of technology to create a better and more connected society.。
科技发明与创造的英语作文
科技发明与创造的英语作文English: Technology inventions and creations have significantly impacted our world in various ways. From the invention of the printing press to the creation of the internet, these advancements have revolutionized communication, education, healthcare, and so much more. Technology has made it possible for people to connect with others around the globe in an instant, access information with just a few clicks, and receive medical treatment that was once unimaginable. The development of innovative technologies continues to shape our future, with artificial intelligence, renewable energy sources, and virtual reality being just a few examples of the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. While these advancements have brought countless benefits, they also raise ethical and societal concerns that must be addressed. It is crucial for us to be mindful of how we use technology and ensure that it is being used for the greater good of humanity.中文翻译: 科技发明与创造在各个方面显著影响了我们的世界。
科技题材英文作文模板
科技题材英文作文模板英文:As a technology enthusiast, I am always fascinated by the latest advancements in the field. In my opinion, technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives and has made it easier for us to communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and we must use technology wisely to avoid its negative effects.One of the most significant advancements in technology has been the internet. It has connected people from all over the world and has made it possible for us to access information instantly. However, it has also led to the spread of fake news, cyberbullying, and online scams. Therefore, we must be careful about the information we consume and the people we interact with online.Another area where technology has had a significantimpact is healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors can now diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and efficiently. For example, artificial intelligence can analyze medical images and detect abnormalities that might be missed by human doctors. However, we must also be awareof the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare and ensure that it does not lead todiscrimination or privacy violations.In conclusion, technology has brought about manypositive changes in our lives, but we must also be aware of its negative effects and use it responsibly. As the saying goes, "with great power comes great responsibility."中文:作为一名科技爱好者,我总是被这个领域最新的进展所吸引。
科技科学英文作文
科技科学英文作文英文:Technology and science have greatly influenced our lives. They have brought about many changes and advancements in various fields, such as medicine, communication, transportation, and entertainment. With the help of technology, we can now communicate with people from all over the world, travel to different places faster and more comfortably, and access information and entertainment easily.However, technology and science also have their drawbacks. They can be addictive and can affect our mental and physical health. For example, spending too much time on social media or playing video games can lead to social isolation and obesity. Moreover, technology can also cause environmental problems, such as pollution and global warming.Despite these negative effects, I believe that technology and science have more benefits than drawbacks. They have made our lives easier, more convenient, and more enjoyable. For instance, we can now use smartphones to order food, book a taxi, or watch a movie, which saves us time and effort. In addition, technology and science have also helped us to solve many global issues, such as hunger, poverty, and disease.Overall, technology and science have brought about many changes to our lives, both positive and negative. It is important for us to use them wisely and responsibly, and to find a balance between their benefits and drawbacks.中文:科技和科学对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
科技英文发言作文
科技英文发言作文英文:As a technology enthusiast, I believe that the rapid development of technology has greatly improved our lives. For example, the invention of smartphones has made it much easier for us to stay connected with friends and family, and to access information and entertainment on the go. In addition, advancements in medical technology have led to breakthroughs in treatment and diagnosis, improving the quality of healthcare for people around the world.中文:作为一个科技爱好者,我相信科技的快速发展极大地改善了我们的生活。
例如,智能手机的发明使我们更容易与朋友和家人保持联系,并在移动时访问信息和娱乐。
此外,医疗技术的进步也导致了治疗和诊断方面的突破,提高了全球人民的医疗保健质量。
英文:On the other hand, the rapid pace of technological advancement has also brought about some challenges. For instance, the rise of social media has led to concerns about privacy and online security. In addition, the increasing reliance on technology has raised questions about its impact on our mental and physical well-being. As a result, it is important for us to carefully consider the implications of new technologies and to use them responsibly.中文:另一方面,科技的快速发展也带来了一些挑战。
第三章 英语学术论文写作与发表
第三章英语学术论文写作与发表摘要(Abstract)撰写一篇论文的摘要是读者的第一个信息来源,是论文能够流通共享的重要因素,它通常被看做是一篇论文最重要的部分之一,拥有独特的功能:1)论文的缩影;2)决定发表机构是否收录;3)促进流通性。
论文摘要的内容要包括整篇论文正文的主要内容:研究背景,研究目的,研究方法,研究发现和研究结论。
正因为摘要需要展现文章整体情况这一原因,才把摘要放在完成主体论文后来写。
从语言和信息内容来看,摘要的语言具有高度概括性,信息内容精炼,尽量用最少的语言传达最多的信息,同时有保证语篇结构的连贯性(黄国文,葛达西,张美芳,2011),因此,在格式上,若论文较长,摘要字数须控制在200字左右,最好不要超过500字;若论文较短,50—100字的摘要即可。
有些机构要求论文发表时在摘要后写上论文的关键词(Keywords),通常是名词,名词短语和动名词。
为了更好地理解摘要部分要怎么来写,我们来看看摘自文章“Food insecurity and low income in an English inner city”的摘要(Abstract)部分的句子都有什么含义。
Ex. 3-7AbstractBackground Low incomes may not provide the minimum requirements for healthy living. We evaluated experiences of food insecurity in relation to income in inner London.Methods Subjects attending 10 general medical practices completed a short self-administered questionnaire, including the short form Household Food Security Scale and a short food frequency questionnaire.Results Responses were obtained from 431/495 (87 per cent) subjects. Overall 87 (20 per cent) of subjects were classified as food insecure. Food insecurity was negatively associated with household income (p = 0.004). University-educated subjects (8 per cent) were less often food insecure than all others (26 per cent). Subjects who were food insecure were less likely to report eating fruit daily (food secure 48 per cent, food insecure 33 per cent, p = 0.017) or vegetables or salads daily (food secure 56 per cent, food insecure 34 per cent, p = 0.002).Conclusions Experiences of food insecurity may be common in households with incomes at the level of the UK national minimum wage or lower.Keywords: food security, dietary intakes, income, socio- economic status(Tingay et al., 2003)(178 words)2.3.6论文修改修改论文时可以用以下评价标准(Assessment checklist)来从整体上检查论文是否达到要求。
科技类型英文作文
科技类型英文作文英文:Technology is a broad category that encompasses a wide range of fields, including information technology, biotechnology, and engineering. Each of these fields hasits own unique characteristics and applications.Information technology, or IT, is perhaps the mostwell-known type of technology. It includes everything from computer hardware and software to telecommunications networks and internet services. IT is used in a variety of industries, from finance and healthcare to entertainmentand education. For example, I use IT every day to communicate with friends and family, research information, and complete work tasks.Biotechnology, on the other hand, is a rapidly growing field that involves the use of living organisms and biological systems to develop new products and technologies.This field includes everything from genetic engineering and biopharmaceuticals to agricultural biotechnology and environmental biotechnology. Biotechnology has thepotential to revolutionize many industries, such as medicine and food production. For example, scientists are using biotechnology to develop new treatments for diseases like cancer and to create more sustainable and efficient farming practices.Finally, engineering is a field that involves the design, construction, and maintenance of structures, machines, and systems. This field includes everything from civil engineering and mechanical engineering to electrical engineering and aerospace engineering. Engineers use their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions. For example, engineers design and build bridges, airplanes, and smartphones, among other things.中文:科技是一个广泛的范畴,包括信息技术、生物技术和工程技术等多个领域。
科学技术作文英文
科学技术作文英文英文:Science and technology have played an increasingly important role in our daily lives. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, science and technology have changed the way we live, work, and communicate.One example of how science and technology have changed our lives is the smartphone. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information, and even control our home appliances.It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives.Another example is the development of renewable energy. As we face the challenge of climate change, renewable energy has become increasingly important. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power plants are just a few examples of how science and technology are helping usto reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and transition to a more sustainable future.In addition to improving our daily lives, science and technology have also contributed to the advancement of medicine. With the development of new drugs and medical technologies, we are able to treat and prevent diseases that were once considered incurable. For example, the development of vaccines has helped to eradicate diseases such as smallpox and polio.Overall, science and technology have had a profound impact on our lives and will continue to shape our future. As we face new challenges, we will rely on science and technology to help us find solutions and create a better world.中文:科学技术在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
科学与技术的英语开头作文
科学与技术的英语开头作文科学与技术的英语作文。
With the rapid development of science and technology, our world has undergone tremendous changes. Science and technology have brought us a more convenient and comfortable life, and have also changed the way we live and work.Firstly, the advancement of science and technology has greatly improved our living standards. For example, the invention of electricity has brought us a more comfortable living environment. The development of transportation has greatly facilitated our travel. The invention of the Internet has made it possible for us to communicate with people around the world easily and quickly.Secondly, science and technology have also changed the way we work. With the development of automation technology, many jobs that used to be done by people are now done bymachines. This has greatly improved work efficiency and reduced labor costs. At the same time, it has also brought challenges to the job market, and many people have to learn new skills to adapt to the changing job market.Thirdly, science and technology have also brought us many new opportunities. For example, the development of e-commerce has created many new business opportunities. The development of new energy has brought us a new way of energy use. The development of artificial intelligence has opened up new possibilities for human intelligence.However, science and technology also bring challenges and risks. For example, the development of nuclear technology brings the risk of nuclear accidents. The development of artificial intelligence brings the risk of job loss and ethical issues. Therefore, we need to be cautious and responsible when using science and technology, and make sure that they are used for the benefit of humanity.In conclusion, science and technology have brought usmany benefits, but also challenges and risks. We need to continue to promote the development of science and technology, but also pay attention to the potential risks and challenges they bring. Only in this way can we make the best use of science and technology and create a better future for humanity.。
初中英语科技类作文范文
初中英语科技类作文范文English:With the rapid development of technology, science has brought about numerous advancements that have greatly impacted our daily lives. From the invention of smartphones that allow us to communicate with others instantly to the use of artificial intelligence for problem-solving, technology has revolutionized the way we live. In the field of medicine, technology has enabled doctors to perform complex surgeries with precision and accuracy, ultimately saving countless lives. Additionally, the development of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power has allowed us to move towards a more sustainable future, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and combating climate change. Overall, technology has not only improved efficiency and convenience but also provided solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing our world today.Chinese:随着技术的飞速发展,科学带来了许多革新,这些革新对我们的日常生活产生了巨大影响。
科学和技术英文作文
科学和技术英文作文英文:Science and technology have always been an important part of my life. From a young age, I was fascinated by how things worked and how they could be improved. As I grew older, this fascination only grew stronger.One of the most significant examples of how science and technology have impacted my life is through medicine. Medical advancements have allowed us to cure diseases and illnesses that were once considered incurable. For example, my grandfather was diagnosed with cancer a few years ago, but thanks to advancements in medical treatments, he was able to beat it and is now cancer-free.Another example is how technology has made communication easier and more efficient. With the rise of smartphones and social media, we can now connect with people from all over the world instantly. This has allowedme to maintain relationships with friends and family who live in different parts of the world.However, with all the benefits that science and technology bring, there are also potential downsides. One of the biggest concerns is the impact on the environment. As we continue to develop and use more advanced technologies, we also produce more waste and pollution. It's important for us to find ways to balance our technological advancements with environmental sustainability.中文:科学和技术一直是我生活中重要的一部分。
英语科技论文写作(一)
2008.3.
由于文化的差异和英语语言本身的特 点,英语科技论文写作虽然在目的性上与 用其它语言形式的科技论文写作是相同的, 但是还有其自己的语言特征、文体要求和 格式变化。
科技论文体例
因学科不同、研究项目、过程和结果不同,科技论文 可以有多种写作方法和体例结构。从20世纪20年代开始, 科技工作者从大量的论文中,总结出了其表达方式的共同 规律,逐步形成了一种较为严密而又符合逻辑的惯用格式; 从此,虽然各种论文所涉及的内容各不相同,论证的方法 各有差异,实验的方法与手段相差很大,但是论文由哪些 部分组成已有规范可循;其常见的构成格式有:标题、署 名、作者单位(通常在第一页底端的黑线下还要简要介绍 作者的姓名、年龄、职称、学位等内容)、摘要、关键词、 引言、正文,结论、致谢、脚注、参考文献和附录等。
标题_注意事项(4) 标题 注意事项
2 .一般采用名词短语作标题 不使用一个句子或不定式短语,一 一般采用名词短语作标题。不使用一个句子或不定式短语 一般采用名词短语作标题 不使用一个句子或不定式短语, 般也不使用介词短语,不出现从句。 般也不使用介词短语,不出现从句。 An exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate (繁琐) Introduce the exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate (祈使句) Methods of producing of industrial cupric sulfate
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Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, 110000
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Abstract
EI 对英文摘要的写作要求
EI中国信息部要求信息性摘要(Information Abstract,区别于 Indicated Abstract)应该用简洁、明确的语言将论文的目的 (Purpose),主要的研究过程(Procedures)及所采用的方 法(Methods),由此得到的主要结果(Results)和得出的重 要结论(Conclusions)表达清楚。如有可能,还应提到论文 结果和结论的应用范围和应用情况。 – 研究目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do?) – 解决问题的方法及过程(How I did it?) – 主要结果及结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw?) – 本文的创新、独到之处(What is new and original in this paper?)
Requirements for Abstract Writing
英文摘要写作的总体要求
确保客观而充分地表述论文的内容,适当强调研究中 创新、重要之处(但不要使用评价性语言); 尽量包括论文中的主要论点和重要细节(重要的论证 或数据); 要求结构严谨、语义确切、表述简明,注意逻辑性; 一般不分段落,尽量使用指示性的词语来表达论文的 不同部分(层次);
Title
通常以短语代替句子 ,尤以名词短语或词组最常见, 由1个或几个名词加上前置和(或)后置定语构成。 增补必要的冠词,定冠词一般可省略。 中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文的中英文题名内容 上应一致,但并非词语要一一对应,个别非实质性的 词可省略或变动(意译删节表达法 )。 题名不应过长(字数限制),应确切、简练、醒目。 标题字母的大小写: – 全部字母大写; – 每个词的首字母大写,冠词、连词、介词小写; – 第1个词的首字母大写,其余均小写。
Article Structure
5. 引言(Introduction) 6. 正文(Body) 7. 结论(Conclusion) 8. 致谢(Acknowledgements) 9. 参考文献(References) 10. 术语表(Nomenclature) Article Structure
• Effect of surface treatments on the frosting/defrosting behavior of a
fin-tube heat exchanger • Study on ice storing characteristics in dynamic-type ice storage system by using supercooled water
A good abstract: – – – – – – Is precise and honest Can stand alone Uses no technical jargon Is brief and specific Minimizes the use of abbreviations Cites no references
Writing a Research Paper
论文的总体结构
1. 标题(Title) 2. 作者及机构(Authors & Affiliation) 3. 摘要(Abstract) 4. 关键词(Keywords)
(Need to be accurate and informative for effective indexing and searching)
Requirements for Abstract Writing
慎用缩略语、简称、代号等,如确有需要(如避免多次重复 较长的术语)使用缩写,应在其第一次出现时给出全称; 为方便检索系统转录,应尽量避免使用图、表、化学结构 式、数学表达式、角标和希腊文等特殊符号; 尽量避免引用文献,若无法回避使用引文,应在引文出现的 位置将引文的书目信息标注在括号内; 描述作者的工作一般用过去时态,陈述所得出的结论时使用 现在时态; 作为一种可阅读和检索的独立使用的文体,摘要一般只采用 第三人称,且多使用被动语态。
Authors & Affiliation
示例1:
Authors & Affiliation
示例2:
Authors & Affiliation
3. 摘要
科技论文摘要( “Abstract”, “Summary” )是对论 文主要内容的概括, 一般位于文章正文之前,常 独立于正文。 论文摘要在内容上涵盖全文,直接点明全旨。语 言要求尽量简炼,通常多采用第三人称撰写。 字数要求:国际会议一般为200-500字,国际刊物 通常为100-200字。
Purpose
(2)英文摘要之“过程与方法”
在英文摘要中,过程与方法的阐述起着承前启后作用;
(开头交待了要解决的问题(What I want to do)之后,接着自 然要回答如何解决问题(How I did it),最后的结果和结论也往 往与研究过程及方法密切相关。)
说明主要工作过程及所用的方法,简要说明研究课题的 基本设计,结论是如何得到的; 应结合研究工作中使用的主要设备和仪器等进行阐述, 切忌泛泛而谈、空洞无物( brief and specific )。
英语科技论uide for Authors” for journal requirements ,because it often contains useful instructions on scientific writing( Elsevier Editorial System ,EES) “Guidelines for Authors on the Presentation of Manuscripts” – ICR(International Congress of Refrigeration) “An example to illustrate details of manuscript format and presentation”-ICR “Abstract Template”-ICCR(The International Conference on Cryogenics and Refrigeration) “Paper format and instruction for ICCR”
Requirements for Abstract Writing
(1) 英文摘要之“研究目的”
说明写作本文的目的或主要解决的问题。准确描述 该研究的目的,说明提出问题的缘由,表明研究的 范围和重要性。 – Eliminate or minimize background information. 不谈或尽量少谈背景信息 – Avoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract. 避免在摘要的第一句话重复题目或题目的一部分
Examples for Title
如内容层次很多,难以简短化,可采用主、副题名相 结合的方法,主副题名间用“ — ” 或 “ : ”隔开 ,其中副 题名起补充、阐明作用。
• Frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Part I — Modeling of frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers • Frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Part II — Experimental investigation of frost formation on fin- and- tube heat exchangers • A continuous/discrete simulation of controlled atmosphere (CA) cool storage systems: validation using industrial CA cool storage
Abstract
• The quality of an abstract will strongly influence the editor’s decision. • The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research,the principal results and major conclusions. • Better to avoid: Abbreviations, references and exaggerated conclusions
Requirements for Title
慎重使用缩略语,必要时应在括号中注明全称。只有那些缩写后 已得到科技界或本行业科技人员公认的,才可使用。 为方便二次检索,题名中应避免使用化学式、上下角标、特殊符 号(数字符号、希腊字母等)、公式、不常用的专业术语和非英语 词汇(包括拉丁语)等。
• Main text
1. 标 题
• A good title should contain the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of a paper. DO • Convey main findings of research • Be specific • Be concise • Be complete • Attract readers DON’T • Use unnecessary jargon • Use uncommon abbreviations • Use ambiguous terms • Use unnecessary detail • Focus on part of the content only