科学史上4个著名的梦

科学史上4个著名的梦

科学史上第一个著名的梦

德国化学家凯库勒（F.A.Kekule，1829－1896）是一位极富想像力的学者，

他曾提出了碳原子四价学说和碳原子之间可以相连成-C-C-链状结构这一重要

学说。

German chemist Kekule (F.A.Kekule ,1829-1896) is a very imaginative scholar.

He had put forward the theory of tetravalent carbon atoms and the important doctrine of carbon atoms can be connected into -CC- chain structure.

1865年，他提出了苯的环状结构学说，他认为苯的结构可想像为6个链形碳原子闭合而成。也就是我们现在所说的凯库勒式.

In 1865, he proposed the benzene ring structure doctrine, he believed that 6 chain carbon atoms closed made the structure of benzene. That was the Kekule style.

他曾经提出了多种开链式结构而又因其与实验结果不符而被一一否定

所有的证据都表明苯分子非常对称，6个碳原子和6个氢原子完全对称地排列、形成稳定的分子。

He has proposed a variety of open-chain structures and denied them because they did not match with the experimental results.

All the evidence showed that the benzene molecule are very symmetrical, 6 carbon atoms and the six hydrogen atoms are completely symmetrically arranged to form a stable molecule.

1869年2月，化学王国的宪法--元素周期律。当时已经发现了63种元素，科学家无可避免地要想到，自然界是否存在某种规律，使元素能够有序地分门别类、各得其所？

In 1869 February, the constitution of the kingdom of chemical ---element periodic law. At that time ,already discovered 63 kinds of elements, the scientists would have to think about whether there was a law of nature, so that the elements can be arranged, orderly, play their proper roles?

35岁的化学教授门捷列夫苦苦思索着这个问题，在疲倦中进入了梦乡。

在梦里他看到一张表，元素们纷纷落在合适的格子里。醒来后他立刻记下了这个表的设计理念：元素的性质随原子序数的递增，呈现有规律的变化。

门捷列夫在他的表里为未知元素留下了空位，后来，很快就有新元素来填充，各种性质与他的预言惊人地吻合。

At the age of 35, the chemistry professor Mendeleev struggled with the question, in tired in sleep.In the dream he saw a form, the elements fell in the right box. When he awoke he immediately wrote down the table design concept: the properties of the elements with atomic numbers increased, presenting a regular change.Mendeleev left a vacancy in his vocabulary for the unknown elements , then, a new element appeared filling the variety , and consistent to his prophecies strikingly .

科学史上第三个著名的梦

1921年复活节星期天之前的夜晚，奥地利生物学家洛伊从梦中醒来，抓过一张纸迷迷糊糊地写了些东西，倒下去又睡着了。早上6点钟，他突然想到自己昨夜记下了一些极其重要的东西，却怎么也看不明白自己写的是些什么鬼画符。幸运的是，第二天凌晨3点，逃走的新思想又回来了，它是一个实验的设计方法，可以用来验证洛伊17年前提出的某个假说是否正确。

The night before the 1921 Easter Sunday , Austria biologist Roy woke up from a dream, grabbed a piece of paper absently and wrote something,and then fall asleep again. At six o'clock in the morning, it suddenly occurred to him that he did write down some important things, but can not understand himself. Fortunately, the very next day at 3 am, the new thought came back again, it is an experimental design method.

洛伊赶紧起床，跑到实验室，杀掉了两只青蛙，取出蛙心泡在生理盐水里，其中一号带着迷走神经，二号不带。用电极刺激一号心脏的迷走神经使心脏跳动变慢，几分钟后把泡着它的盐水移到二号心脏所在的容器里，结果二号心脏的跳动也放慢了。这个实验表明，神经并不直接作用于肌肉，而是通过释放化学物质来起作用，一号心脏的迷走神经受刺激时产生了某些物质，它们溶解在盐水里，对二号心脏产生了作用。神经冲动的化学传递就这样被发现了，它开启了一个全新的研究领域，并使洛伊获得1936年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。

Roy got up, went to the lab, killed two frogs, took the frog hearts soaked in saline, wherein one with the vagus nerve(NO.1), the other without(NO.2). Electrode stimulation vagus nerve of NO.1 that caused the heart to beat slow, a few minutes later, moved its saline to containers of NO.2, then the heart beat of NO.2 also slowed down. This experiment showed that, nerve does not directly act on the muscle, but through the release of chemical substances , cardiac vagal stimulation caused certain substances of NO.1, they dissolved in saline, did impact on NO.2 . Chemical transmission of nerve impulses were found, it opened up a whole new field of research, and made Roy won the Nobel