Compiler Transformations for High-Performance Computing
NVIDIA Quadro FX 380 LP 数据手册说明书
QUADRO FX 380 LP | DATASHEET | OCT09NVIDIA ® QUADRO ® FX 380 LP PRO PeRFORmANce.DesIgNeD FOR smALL sPAces.In the past, design professionals often had to sacrifice the ability to interact with realistic 3D designs, and instead had to rely on simplified representations. As a result, design decisions were often based on less precise information. As software vendors such as Autodesk shift their 2D applications to incorporate thebenefits of 3D, it becomes even more critical for professionals to enhance their computing platform for maximum productivity.As a Built for Professionals ™ solution, the Quadro FX 380 LP, enables digital artists and designers to realize more than 2X higherperformance when working with professional 3D applications when compared to consumer graphics boards*. In addition, Quadro FX 380 LP is EnergyStar compliant, with an ultra-low, 28 Watt power consumption rating. Featuring the NVIDIA ® CUDA ™ parallel computing architecture and certified on leading CAD and DCC applications, Quadro FX 380 LP meets stringent performance and reliability requirements, yet is extremely affordable.The entire NVIDIA Quadro family takes leading professional 3D applications to a new level of interactivity by enabling unprecedented capabilities and precision. Professional applications leverage the Quadro GPU to enable hardware-accelerated features, performance, and quality not found in any other professional graphics solution. From the award-winning, ultra high-end Quadro FX 5800 all the way to the entry-level Quadro FX 380 LP, NVIDIA delivers a full range of productivity-enhancing professional solutions with leadership performance and value.PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONSFORM FACTORLow Profile, 2.731” (H) x 6.6” (L), >Single Slot CUDA CORES 16>FRAME BUFFER MEMORy 512 MB DDR3 >MEMORy INTERFACE 64-bit>MEMORy BANDWIDTH 12.8 Gbps>MAX POWER CONSUMPTION 28W>GRAPHICS BUSPCI Express Gen 2 x16>DISPLAy CONNECTORSDual Link DVI (1), DisplayPort (1) >THERMAL SOLUTIONVariable Speed Active Fansink>The NVIDIA ® Quadro ® FX 380 LP professional graphics solution, designed for desktop and small form factor systems, is certified for leading 3D applications. This power-efficient member of the Quadro family enables designers,animators, architects, and engineers to create and interact with more complex designs, increase visual quality, and maximize productivity.*Viewperf 10 Geomean comparison to GeForce GTS 250Image Courtesy of: AutoDesk, Modo image created by Muharraqi-Studios (Khalid Al-muharraqi), and NVIDIA Corporation.To learn more about NVIDIA Quadro, go to /quadro© 2009 NVIDIA Corporation. All rights reserved. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, NVIDIA Quadro, nView, Built for Professionals and CUDA are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation. All company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective owners with which they are associated. Features, pricing, availability, and specifications are all subject to change without notice.NVIDIA ® QUADRO ®FX 380 LP mechANIcAL sPecIFIcAtIONsLow Profile 2.7” x 6.6” single slot board >(low profile and ATX brackets available)1 DVI-I Dual Link & >1 DisplayPort connectorVariable speed active fan-sink >28W Max Power>sUPPORteD PLAtFORmsMicrosoft Windows 7 >(64-bit and 32-bit)Microsoft Windows Vista >(64-bit and 32-bit)Microsoft Windows XP >(64-bit and 32-bit)Microsoft Windows 2000 (32-bit)>Linux - Full OpenGL implementation, >complete with NVIDIA and ARB extensions (64-bit and 32-bit)Solaris>AMD64, Intel EM64T >PCI Express 2.0>NVIDIA QUADRO FX 380 LP ARchItectURe128-bit color precision>Unlimited fragment instruction >Unlimited vertex instruction>3D volumetric texture support>Hardware-accelerated, antialiased >points & linesHardware OpenGL overlay planes >Hardware-accelerated, two-sided >lightingHardware-accelerated clipping planes >3rd-generation occlusion culling >Window ID clipping functionality >Hardware-accelerated line stippling>shADINg ARchItectUReFull Shader Model 4.1>(OpenGL 3.2/DirectX 10.1 class)Long fragment programs >(unlimited instructions)Long vertex programs >(unlimited instructions)Looping and subroutines>(up to 256 loops per vertex program) Dynamic flow control >Conditional execution>hIgh LeVeL shADeR LANgUAgesOptimized compiler for Cg and >Microsoft HLSLOpenGL 3.2 and DirectX 10.1 support >Open source compiler>gPU cOmPUtINg sUPPORtCUDA C and CUDA FORTRAN >OpenCL>Microsoft DirectCompute>hIgh-ResOLUtION ANtIALIAsINgRotated Grid Full-Scene Antialiasing >(RG FSAA)32x FSAA dramatically reduces visual >aliasing artifacts or “jaggies” at resolution up to 1920x1200DIsPLAY ResOLUtION sUPPORtDisplayPort output drives a digital >display at resolutions up to 2560 x 1600 @ 60HzDual-link DVI-I output drives a digital >display at resolutions up to 2560 x 1600 @ 60HzInternal 400 MHz DAC drives one analog >display up to 2048 x 1536 @ 85HzNVIDIA ® NVIeW ® ARchItectUReAdvanced multi-display desktop & >application management, seamlessly integrated into Microsoft WindowstechNIcAL sPecIFIcAtIONs。
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COLUMN-CHARGING OF HIGH PERF
专利名称：METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COLUMN-CHARGING OF HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUIDCHROMATOGRAPH发明人：UEDA TERUHISA申请号：JP25342489申请日：19890928公开号：JPH03113366A公开日：19910514专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PURPOSE:To completely purge pressurized liquid which is small in specific gravity in a short time and to obtain a column with good column performance by putting a filler and slurry liquid in a packer and charging the filler in the column while feeding the pressurized liquid. CONSTITUTION:The column 2 is coupled with the packer 1, whose barrel part is held by a holder 3 and driven by a motor 5 through a rotating mechanism 4 to rotate. A selector valve 8 is placed on the side of the pressurized liquid A firstly and a liquid feed pump 7 is driven to charge the slurry liquid in the column 2 while admitting the liquid A from an intake 1a. Then the slurry liquid is discharged when fed by twice as much as the packer capacity and the pump 7 is stopped at the point of time when the liquid A remains; and the motor 5 is driven to rotate the whole packer 1 by 180 deg. and the valve 8 is switched to the side of liquid B, which is pressurized and fed. Then when the liquid B is fed by almost twice as much as the packer capacity, the pump 7 is stopped and the motor 5 is put in operation to switch the valve 8 to the side of the liquid A, which is charged in the column 2 again. Those operations are automated under the control of a control part 6.申请人：SHIMADZU CORP 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
各国际会议论文影响因子
SPICIS: Singapore Intl Conf on Intelligent System
PAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data Mining
EMNLP: Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Rank 3:
PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AI
AAI: Australian National Conf on AI
ICS: Intl Conf on Supercomputing
ISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits Conf
HCS: Hot Chips Symp
VLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI Circuits
ICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information Processing
IEA/AIE: Intl Conf on Ind. & Eng. Apps of AI & Expert Sys
ICMS: International Conference on Multiagent Systems
ACL: Annual Meeting of the ACL (Association of Computational Linguist ics)
Rank 2:
AID: Intl Conf on AI in Design
AI-ED: World Conference on AI in Education
低版本GCC程序向高版本移植的兼容性问题
低版本GCC程序向⾼版本移植的兼容性问题将低版本gcc编译过的程序移植到⾼版本GCC时, 可能会出现⼀些兼容性问题. 原因是, 为了适应新的标准,⼀些旧的语法规则被废弃了. 关于这⽅⾯的⼀些具体资料可从查询. 这⾥只是⾃⼰遇到的其中⼀个问题.错误提⽰:In instantiation of ‘int t(T) [with T = int]’required from hereerror: ‘f’ was not declared in this scope, and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]note: ‘int f(int)’ declared here, later in the translation unit错误原因:The C++ compiler no longer performs some extra unqualified lookups it had performed in the past, namely dependent base class scope lookups and unqualified template function lookups.C++ programs that depended on the compiler's previous behavior may no longer compile. For example, code such as//foo1.cpptemplate<typename T>int t(T i){ return f(i); }intf(int i){ return i; }intmain(){return t(1);}解决⽅法:To fix, make sure the function f in the code above is declared before first use in function t. Like so://foo2.cppintf(int i){ return i; }template<typename T>int t(T i){ return f(i); }intmain(){return t(1);}意思是说, C++编译器不再⽀持那种⾮标准的模板类中函数查找⽅式,如foo1.cpp所⽰, 在定义模板类时使⽤的函数在该模板类之前未定义, ⽽是在该模板类之后定义. 早期的C++编译器⽀持向后查找. 但是新标准出来后, 该⽅式被废除了. 因此会报错. 如foo2.cpp所⽰, 在模板类中使⽤某个函数之前应先对该函数进⾏定义. 这才是正确的姿势.Or this can be temporarily worked around by using -fpermissive.第⼀种⽅法⽅法可以从根本上解决问题, 但是有情况是我们编译别⼈的程序, 并且程序⼗分复杂, 不是我们可以轻易改变的. 这时有个临时性的⽅法, 那便是在编译时添加-fpermissive选项. 我⾃⼰的项⽬是利⽤Cmake进⾏构建的, 因此只需要在 CmakeList.txt ⽂件中添加⼀⾏:ADD_DEFINITIONS(-fpermissive), 然后重新 cmake ⼀下即可. 此时将错误降为警告, 可顺利通过编译.。
TRACE32 调试器使用指南 TRACE32 Trace Tutorial说明书
T race T utorial Release 02.2023TRACE32 Online HelpTRACE32 DirectoryTRACE32 IndexTRACE32 Debugger Getting Started ..............................................................................................Trace Tutorial (1)History (3)About the Tutorial (3)What is Trace? (3)Trace Use Cases4Trace Methods (5)Simulator Demo (6)Trace Configuration (7)Trace Recording (8)Displaying the Trace Results (10)Trace List10 Displaying Function Run-Times13 Graphical Charts13 Numerical Statistics and Function Tree14 Duration Analysis15 Distance Analysis16 Variable Display17 Track Option18Searching Trace Results (19)Trace Save and Load (20)Version 10-Feb-2023 History18-Jun-21New manual.About the TutorialThis tutorial is an introduction to the trace functionality in TRACE32. It shows how to perform a tracerecording and how to display the recorded trace information.For simplicity, we use in this tutorial a TRACE32 Instruction Set Simulator, which offers a full tracesimulation. The steps and features described in this document are however valid for all TRACE32 products with trace support.The tutorial assumes that the TRACE32 software is already installed. Please refer to “TRACE32Installation Guide” (installation.pdf) for information about the installation process.Please refer to “ICD Tutorial” (icd_tutorial.pdf) for an introduction to debugging in TRACE32 PowerView. What is Trace?T race is the continuous recording of runtime information for later analysis. In this tutorial, we use the term trace synonymously with core trace. A core trace generates information about program execution on a core,i.e. program flow and data trace. The TRACE32 Instruction Set Simulator used in this tutorial supports a fulltrace simulation including the full program flow as well as all read and write data accesses to the memory. A real core may not support all types of trace information. Please refer to your Processor Architecture Manual for more information.Trace Use CasesT race is mainly used in the following cases:1.Understand the program execution in detail in order to find complex runtime errors more quickly.2.Analysis of the code performance of the target code3.Verification of real-time requirements4.Code-coverage measurementsTrace MethodsTRACE32 supports various trace methods. The trace method can be selected in the Trace configuration window, which can be opened from the menu Trace > Configuration…If a trace method is not supported by the current hardware/software setup, it is greyed out in the trace configuration window. NONE means that no trace method is selected.We use in this tutorial the trace method Analyzer. Please refer to the description of the commandTrace.METHOD for more information about the different trace methods.Simulator DemoWe use in this tutorial a TRACE32 Simulator for Arm. The described steps are however valid for the TRACE32 Simulator for other core architectures.T o load a demo on the simulator, follow these steps:1.Start the script search dialog from the menu File > Search for scripts…2.Enter in the search field “compiler demo”3.Select a demo from the list with a double click, a PSTEP window will appear. Press the“Continue” button.We will use here the demo “GNU C Example for SRAM”.Trace ConfigurationIn order to set up the trace, follow these steps:1.Open the menu Trace > Configuration… The trace method Analyzer [A] should be selected perdefault. If this is not the case, select this trace method2.Clear the contents of the trace buffer by pressing the Init button [B].3.Select the trace operation mode [C].In mode Fifo , new trace records will overwrite older records. The trace buffer includes thus always the last trace cycles before stopping the recording.In Mode Stack , the recording is stopped if the trace buffer is full. The trace buffer always includes in this case the first cycles after starting the recording.Mode Leash is similar to mode Stack , the program execution is however stopped when the trace buffer is nearly full.TRACE32 supports other trace modes. Some of these modes depend on the core architecture. Please refer to the documentation of the command Trace.Mode for more information. We will keep here the default trace mode selection, which is Fifo .4.The SIZE field [D] indicates the size of the trace buffer. As we are using a TRACE32 Simulator, the trace buffer is reserved by the TRACE32 PowerView application on the host. It is thuspossible to increase the size of this buffer. If a TRACE32 trace hardware is used with a real chip, the size of the trace buffer is limited by the size of the memory available on the trace tool.In order to have a longer trace recording, we will set the trace buffer size to 10000000.BACDThe same configuration steps can be performed using the following PRACTICE script:Trace RecordingPress the Go button to start the program execution.The trace recording is automatically started with the program execution. The state in the Trace window changes from OFF to Arm [A]. The used field displays the fill state of the trace buffer [B].In order to stop the trace recording, stop the program execution with the Break button. The state in the trace window changes to OFF .Trace.METHOD Analyzer Trace.InitTrace.Mode FifoTrace.SIZE 10000000.BACThe trace recording is automatically started and stopped when starting and stopping the program execution because of the AutoArm[C] setting in the Trace window, which is per default enabled. The trace recording can also be started/stopped manually while the program execution is running using the radio buttons Armand OFF of the Trace window [A].Displaying the Trace ResultsTRACE32 offers different view for displaying the trace results. This document shows some examples.Please note that the trace results can only be displayed if the trace state in the Trace window is OFF. It is not possible to display the trace results while recording.The caption of a TRACE32 window includes the TRACE32 command that can be executed in the TRACE32 command line or in a PRACTICE script to open this window, e.g. here Trace.ListTrace ListA list view of the trace results can be opened from the menu T race > List > Default. The same window canbe opened from the Trace configuration window by pressing the List button.The Trace.List window displays the recorded trace packets together with the corresponding assembler and source code.In our case, trace packets are program fetches (cycle fetch) or data accesses (e.g. wr-long and rd-long for 32bit write and read accesses). Each trace packet has a record number displayed in the record column. The record number is a negative index for Fifo mode.As we are using a Simulator, each assembly instruction has an own trace packet. This is not the case with a real hardware trace.The displayed information can be reduced using the Less button. By pressing Less three times, only the high-level source code is displayed. This can be reverted using the More button.A double click on a line with an assembly instruction or high-level source code opens a List window showing the corresponding line in the code.Using the TRACE32 menu Trace > List > Tracing with Source , you get a Trace.List and a List /Track window. When doing a simple click on a line in the Trace.List window, the List window will automaticallydisplay the corresponding code line.The timing information (see ti.back column) is generated in this case by the TRACE32 Instruction Set Simulator. With a real core trace, timestamps are either generated by the TRACE32 trace hardware or by the onchip trace module.Double clickSimpleclickDisplaying Function Run-TimesTRACE32 supports nested and flat function run-time analysis based on the trace results. Please refer to the video “Flat vs. Nesting Function Runtime Analysis” for an introduction to function run-time analysis inTRACE32:/tut_profiling.htmlGraphical ChartsBy selecting the menu Trace > Chart > Symbols, you can get a graphical chart that shows the distribution of program execution time at different symbols. The displayed results are based on a flat analysis:The corresponding nesting analysis can be displayed using the menu Perf > Function Runtime > Show as Timing.The In and Out buttons can be used to zoom in/out. Alternatively, you can select a position in the window and then use the mouse wheel to zoom in/out.Numerical Statistics and Function TreeThe menu entry Perf > Function Runtime >Show Numerical displays numerical statistics for each function with various information as total run-time, minimum, maximum and average run-times, ratio, and number of function calls.ABParents [A] displays for example a caller tree for the selected function. By doing a right mouse click on func1 and selecting Parents, we see the run-times of the functions func2 and func9, which have called func1 in thetrace recording.Children [B] displays the run-times of the functions called by the selected function, for example here the function subst called by the function encode.A function call tree view of all function recorded in the trace can be displayed using the menu entries Perf >Function Runtime > Show as Tree or Perf > Function Runtime > Show Detailed Tree.Duration AnalysisBy doing a right mouse click on a function in the numerical statistics window (Trace.STATistic.Func) then selecting Duration Analysis, you get an analysis of the function run-times between function entry and exit including the time spent in called subroutines, e.g. here for the function subst (P:0x114C corresponds to the start address of the subst function):The time interval can be changed using the Zoom buttons.Distance AnalysisBy doing a right mouse click on a function in the numerical statistics window (Trace.STATistic.Func) then selecting Distance Analysis, you can get run-times between two consecutive calls of the selected function,e.g. here for the function subst (P:0x114C corresponds to the start address of the subst function):Variable DisplayThe Trace.ListVar command allows to list recorded variables in the trace. If the command is used without parameters all recorded variables are displayed:Y ou can optionally add one or multiple variables as parameters.Example: display all accesses to the variables plot1 and plot2The Draw button can then be used to plot the displayed variables graphically against time. This corresponds to the following TRACE32 command:Please refer for more information about the Trace.DRAW command to “Application Note forTrace.DRAW” (app_trace_draw.pdf).Trace.ListVar Trace.ListVar %DEFault plot1 plot2Trace.DRAW.Var %DEFault plot1 plot2Track OptionThe /Track options allows to track windows that display the trace results. Y ou just need to add the /Track option after the command that opens a trace window, e.g.Trace.List /TrackThe cursor will then follow the movement in other trace windows, e.g. Trace.Chart.Func. Default is time tracking. If no time information is available, tracking to record number is performed.TRACE32 windows that displays the trace results graphically, e.g. Trace.Chart.Func, additionally accept the /ZoomTrack option. If the tracking is performed with another graphical window, the same zoom factor is used in this case.Trace.Chart.Func /ZoomTrackSearching Trace ResultsThe Find button allows to search for specific information in the trace results.Example 1: find the first call of function func21.Enter “func2” under address / expression2.Select Program under cycle3.Press the Find First button. The next entries to func2 in the trace can then be found using theNext buttonExample 2: Find all write accesses to the variable mstatic1 with the value 0x01.Enter “mstatic1” under address / expression2.Select Write under cycle3.Enter 0x0 under Data4.Press the Find All buttonPlease refer to “Application Note for Trace.Find” (app_trace_find.pdf) for more information about Trace.Find.Trace Save and LoadThe recorded trace can be stored in a file using the command Trace.SAVE , e.g.The saved file can then be loaded in TRACE32 PowerView using the command Trace.LOADThe TRACE32 trace display windows will show in this case a LOAD message in the low left cornerPlease note that TRACE32 additionally allows to export/import the trace results in different formats. Refer to the documentation of the command groups Trace.EXPORT and Trace.IMPORT for more information. Trace.SAVE file.adTrace.LOAD file.ad。
编译器keil的优化选项针对ARM
编译器_keil的优化选项问题分类：编译器类2013-01-11 14:12 280人阅读评论(0) 收藏举报applicationApplicationcompilationcompileroptimizationperformancePerformance最近发现在keil编译的时候，出现莫名的问题，貌似代码有被优化掉的问题，后来查了下相关的资料，貌似懂了点。
我选择的是默认的default优化方式，上网看了下，默认的是level2级别优化，最后选择level0就没有问题了下面是网上找的资料，介绍了优化功能介绍Getting the Best Optimized Code for your Embedded ApplicationARM Compilation ToolsThe ARM Compilation Tools are the only compilation tool s co -developed with the ARM processors, and specificallydesigned to optimally support the ARM architecture. They are a result of 20 years of development, and are recognized as theindustry -leading C and C++ compilation tools for the ARM, Thumb, and Thumb -2 instructions sets.The ARM Compilation tools consist of:• The ARM Compiler, which enables you to compile C and C++ code. It is an optimizing compiler, and featurescommand - line options to enable you to control the level of optimization• Linker and Utilities, which assign addresses and lay out sections of code to form a final image• A selection of libraries, including the ISO standard C libraries, and the MicroLIB C library which is optimized forembedded applications• Assembler, which generates machine code instructions from ARM, Thumb orThumb-2 assembly- level source codeCompiler Options for Embedded ApplicationsThe ARM Compilation Tools include a number of compiler optimizations to help you besttarget your code for your chosenmicrocontroller device and application area.They can be accessed from within µVision by clicking on Project –Options for Target. T he options described this document can be found on the Target and C/C++ tabs of the Options for Targets dialog.MDK Compiler Optimizations• Cross- ModuleOptimization takes information from a prior build and uses it to place UNUSED functions into theirown ELF section in the corresponding object file. This option is also known as Linker Feedback, and requires you tobuild your application twice to take adv antage of it for reduced code size.Cross-Module Optimization has been shown to reduce code size, by removing unused functions from your application. Itcan also improve the performance of your application, by allowing modules to share inline code.• The M icroLIB C libraryhas been optimized to reduce the size of embedded applications. It is a subset of the ISOstandard C runtime library, and offers a tradeoff between functionality and code size. Some of the standard C libraryfunctions such as memcpy() are slower, while some features of the default library are not supported. Unsupportedfeatures include:o Operating system functions e.g. abort(), exit(), time(), system(), getenv(),o Wide character and multi-byte support e.g. mbtowc(), wctomb()o The stdio file I/O function, with the exception of stdin, stdout and stderro Position-independent and thread -safe codeUse the MicroLIB C library for applications where overall performance can be traded off against the need to reduce codesize and memory cost.• Link- Time Code Generation instructs the compiler to create objects in an intermediate format so that the linker canperform further code optimizations. This gives the code generator visibility into cross - file dependencies of all objectssimultaneously, allowing it t o apply a higher level of optimizations. Link -time code generation can reduce code size, andallow your application to run faster.• Optimization Levels can also be adjusted. The different levels of optimization allow you to trade off between the levelof debug information available in the compiled code, and the performance of the code. The following optimization levelsare available:o - O0 applies minimum optimizations.Most optimizations are switched off, and the code generated has the best debug view.o - O1 applies restricted optimization.For example, unused inline functions and unused static functions are removed. At this level of optimization, thecompiler also applies automatic optimizations such as removing redundant code and re -ordering instructions s oas to avoid an interlock situation. The code generated is reasonably optimized, with a good debug view.o - O2 applies high optimization (This is the default setting).Optimizations app lied at this level take advantage of ARM’s in-depth knowledge of the processor architecture,to exploit processor -specific behavio r of the given target. It generates well optimized code, but with limiteddebug view.o - O3 applies th e most aggressive optimization.The optimization is in accordance with the user’s – Ospace/- Otime choice . By default, multi - file compilation isenabled, which leads to a longer compile time, but gives the highest levels ofoptimization.• The Optimize for Time checkbox causes the compiler to optimize with a greater focus on achieving the bestperformance when checked ( - O time) or the smallest code siz e when unchecked ( -O space).Unchecking Optimize for Time selects the – Ospace option which instructs the compiler to perform optimizations toreduce the image size at the expense of a poss ible increase i n execution time. F or example, using out -of -line functioncalls instead of inline code for large structure copies. This is the default option. When running the compiler from thecommand line, this option is invoked using ‘ -Ospace’Checking Optimize for Time selects the – Otime option which instructs the compiler to optimize the code for the fastestexecution time, at the risk of an increase in the image size. It is recommended that you compile the time -critical parts ofyour code with – Otime, and the rest us ing the – Ospace directive .• Split Load and Store Multiples instructs the compiler to split LDM and STM instructions involving a large number ofregisters into a series of loads/stores of fewer multiple registers. This means that an LDM of 16 registers can be split into4 separate LDMs of 4 registers each. This option helps to reduce the interrupt latency on ARM systems which do nothave a cache or write buffer, and systems which use zero - wait state 32-bit memory.For example, the ARM7 and ARM9 processor s t ake can only take an exception on an instruction boundary. If anexception occurs at the start of an LDM of 16 registers in a cacheless ARM7/ARM9 system, the system will finishmaking 16 accesses to memory before taking the exception. Depending on the memory arbitration system, this can resultin a very high interrupt latency. Breaking the LDM into 4 individual LDMs for 4 registers means that the processor willtake the exception after loading a maximum of 4 registers, thereby greatly reducing theinterrupt latency.Selecting this option improves the overall performance of the system.• The One ELF Section per Function option tells the compiler to put all functions into their own individual ELFsections. This allows the linker to remove unused functions.An ELF code section typically contains the code for a number of functions. The linker is normally only able to removeunused ELF sections, not unused functions. An ELF section can only be removed if all its contents are unused.Therefore, splitting each function into its own ELF section allows the compiler to easily identify which ones are unused,and remove them.Selecting this option increases the time required to compile your code, but results in improved performance .The combination of options applied will depend on your optimization goal – whether you are optimizing for smallest codesize, or best performance.The next section illustrates the best optimization options for each of these goals.Optimizing for Smallest Code SizeTo optimize your code for the smallest size, the best options to apply are:• The MicroLIB C library• Cross- module optimization• Optimization level 2 ( -O2)Compile the Measure example without any optimizationsThe Measure example uses analog and digital inputs to simulate a data l ogger.File -- Open ProjectC: \Keil \ARM\Boards \Keil \MCBSTM32\Measure\Measure.uv2Click the Options for Target buttonIn the Target tab:• Uncheck Cross- Module Optimization• Uncheck Use MicroLIB• Uncheck Use Link- Time Code GenerationIn the C/C++ tab:• Set Optimization Level to ZeroThen click OK to save your changes.Project – Build targetWithout any compiler optimizations applied, the initial code size is 13,656 Bytes.MDK Compiler OptimizationsOptimize the Measur e example for SizeApply the compiler optimizations in turn, and re-compile each time to see their effect in reducing the code size for theexample.• Options for Target – Target tab: Use the MicroLIB C library• Options for Target – Target tab: Use cross - mod ule optimization - Remember to compile twice• Options for Target –C/C++ tab: Enable Optimization level 2 ( -O2)Optimization Applied Compile Size Size Reduction ImprovementMicroLIB C library 8,960 Bytes 4,696 Bytes 34% smallerCross- Module Compilation 13,500 Bytes 156 Bytes 1.1% smallerOptimization level – O2 12,936 Bytes 720 Bytes 5.3% smallerAll 3 optimization options 8,116 Bytes 5,540 Bytes 40.6% smallerApplying all the optimizations will reduce the code size down to 8,116 Bytes.The fully optimized code is 5,540 Bytes smaller, a total code size reduction of 40.6%MDK Compiler OptimizationsOptimizing for Best PerformanceTo optimize your code for performance, the best options to apply are:• Cross- module optimization• Optimization level 3 ( -O3)• Optimize for timeRun the Dhrystone benchmark without any optimizationsThe Dhrystone benchmark is used to measure and compare the performance of different computers, or the efficiency of thecode generated for the same computer by different compilers.File –Open ProjectC: \Keil \ARM\Examples \DHRY \DHRY.uv2Click the Options for Target buttonTurn off optimization settings in the Target and C/C++ tabs , thenclick OKProject – Build targetEnter D ebug modeView –Se rial Windows –UART #1Open the UART #1 windowView –Analysis Windows –Performance AnalyzerOpen the Performance AnalyzerDebug –RunStart running the applicationWhen prompted:Enter 50000 in the UART#1 window and press EnterIn the Performance Analyzer window, note that• The drhy_1 loop took 2.829s• The dhry_2 took 2.014sIn the UAR T #1 window, note that• It took 138.0 ms for 1 run through Dhrystone• The application is executing 7246.4 Dhrystones per secondOptimize the Dhrystone example for PerformanceRe-compile the example with all three of the following optimizations applied:• Options f or Target – Target tab: Cross - module optimization –Remember to compile twice• Options for Target –C/C++ tab: Optimization level 3 ( -O3)• Options for Target –C/C++ tab: Optimize for TimeRe-run the application, and examine the performance.Measurement Without optimizations With Optimizations Improvementdhry_1 2.829s 1.695s 40.1% fasterdhry_2 2.014s 1.011s 49.8% fasterMicroseconds for 1 runthrough Dhrystone138.0 70 49.3% fasterDhrystones per second 7246.4 14,285.7 97.1% moreThe fu lly optimize d code achieves approximate ly 2x the performance of the un-optimized code.SummaryThe ARM Compilation Tools offer a range of options to apply when compiling your code. These options can be combined tooptimize your code for best performance, for smallest code size, or for any performance point between these two extremes, tobest suit your targeted microcontroller device and market.When optimizing your code, MDK- ARM makes it easy and convenient to measure the effect of the different optimizationsett ings on your application. The code size is clearly displayed after compilation, and a range of analysis tools such as thePerformance Analyzer enable you to measure performance.The optimization options in the ARM Compilation Tools, together with the easy- to - use analysis tools in MDK - ARM, helpyou to easily optimize your application to meet your specific requirements.获得最佳优化的代码为您的嵌入式应用ARM编译工具ARM编译工具是唯一的编译工具与ARM处理器共同开发，并专门最佳支持ARM架构。
国际计算机会议与期刊分级列表
Computer Science Department Conference RankingsSome conferences accept multiple categories of papers. The rankingsbelow are for the most prestigious category of paper at a givenconference. All other categories should be treated as "unranked".AREA: Artificial Intelligence and Related SubjectsRank 1:IJCAI: Intl Joint Conf on AIAAAI: American Association for AI National ConferenceICAA: International Conference on Autonomous Agents（现改名为AAMAS） CVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionICCV: Intl Conf on Computer VisionICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningKDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningKR: Intl Conf on Principles of KR & ReasoningNIPS: Neural Information Processing SystemsUAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIACL: Annual Meeting of the ACL (Association of Computational Linguistics) Rank 2:AID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignAI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationCAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and PatternsCSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionEAI: European Conf on AIEML: European Conf on Machine LearningGP: Genetic Programming ConferenceIAAI: Innovative Applications in AIICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingICNN/IJCNN: Intl (Joint) Conference on Neural NetworksICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and RecognitionICTAI: IEEE conference on Tools with AIAMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsDAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsWACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionCOLING: International Conference on Computational LiguisticsEMNLP: Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingRank 3:PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIAAI: Australian National Conf on AIACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionAI*IA: Congress of the Italian Assoc for AIANNIE: Artificial Neural Networks in EngineeringANZIIS: Australian/NZ Conf on Intelligent Inf. SystemsCAIA: Conf on AI for ApplicationsCAAI: Canadian Artificial Intelligence ConferenceASADM: Chicago ASA Data Mining Conf: A Hard Look at DMEPIA: Portuguese Conference on Artificial IntelligenceFCKAML: French Conf on Know. Acquisition & Machine LearningICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningICGA: International Conference on Genetic AlgorithmsICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingIEA/AIE: Intl Conf on Ind. & Eng. Apps of AI & Expert SysICMS: International Conference on Multiagent SystemsICPS: International conference on Planning SystemsIWANN: Intl Work-Conf on Art & Natural Neural NetworksPACES: Pacific Asian Conference on Expert SystemsSCAI: Scandinavian Conference on Artifical IntelligenceSPICIS: Singapore Intl Conf on Intelligent SystemPAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningSMC: IEEE Intl Conf on Systems, Man and CyberneticsPAKDDM: Practical App of Knowledge Discovery & Data MiningWCNN: The World Congress on Neural NetworksWCES: World Congress on Expert SystemsINBS: IEEE Intl Symp on Intell. in Neural \& Bio SystemsASC: Intl Conf on AI and Soft ComputingPACLIC: Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation ICCC: International Conference on Chinese ComputingOthers:ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationNNSP: Neural Networks for Signal ProcessingICASSP: IEEE Intl Conf on Acoustics, Speech and SPGCCCE: Global Chinese Conference on Computers in EducationICAI: Intl Conf on Artificial IntelligenceAEN: IASTED Intl Conf on AI, Exp Sys & Neural NetworksWMSCI: World Multiconfs on Sys, Cybernetics & InformaticsAREA: Hardware and ArchitectureRank 1:ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Prog Lang and OSISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignDAC: Design Automation ConfMICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureHPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRank 2:FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines SUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfHCS: Hot Chips SympVLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsISSS: International Symposium on System SynthesisDATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceRank 3:ICA3PP: Algs and Archs for Parall ProcEuroMICRO: New Frontiers of Information TechnologyACS: Australian Supercomputing ConfUnranked:Advanced Research in VLSIInternational Symposium on System SynthesisInternational Symposium on Computer DesignInternational Symposium on Circuits and SystemsAsia Pacific Design Automation ConferenceInternational Symposium on Physical DesignInternational Conference on VLSI DesignAREA: ApplicationsRank 1:I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsSIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceDCC: Data Compression ConfSIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysSIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalPECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp \& Comm SysWWW: World-Wide Web ConferenceRank 2:EUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceCGI: Computer Graphics InternationalCANIM: Computer AnimationPG: Pacific GraphicsIEEE-MM: IEEE Intl Conf on Multimedia Computing and SysNOSSDAV: Network and OS Support for Digital A/VPADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel \& Dist Simulation WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumMASCOTS: Symp Model Analysis \& Sim of Comp \& Telecom Sys PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech \& Tools for CPENetStore - Network Storage SymposiumRank 3:ACM-HPC: ACM Hypertext ConfMMM: Multimedia ModellingDSS: Distributed Simulation SymposiumSCSC: Summer Computer Simulation ConferenceWCSS: World Congress on Systems SimulationESS: European Simulation SymposiumESM: European Simulation MulticonferenceHPCN: High-Performance Computing and NetworkingGeometry Modeling and ProcessingWISEDS-RT: Distributed Simulation and Real-time ApplicationsIEEE Intl Wshop on Dist Int Simul and Real-Time ApplicationsUn-ranked:DVAT: IS\&T/SPIE Conf on Dig Video Compression Alg \& Tech MME: IEEE Intl Conf. on Multimedia in EducationICMSO: Intl Conf on Modelling, Simulation and OptimisationICMS: IASTED Intl Conf on Modelling and SimulationAREA: System TechnologyRank 1:SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & Apps INFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocSPAA: Symp on Parallel Algms and ArchitecturePODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingPPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingMassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRTSS: Real Time Systems SympSOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesSOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationCCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityIEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyMOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking USENIX Conf on Internet Tech and SysICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsOPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgPACT: Intl Conf on Parallel Arch and Compil TechRank 2:CC: Compiler ConstructionIPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympIC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingICDCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Distributed Comp SystemsSRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsMPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array ProcessorsEuro-Par: European Conf. on Parallel ComputingFast Software EncryptionUsenix Security SymposiumEuropean Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityWCW: Web Caching WorkshopLCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksIPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & CommunicationsCCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceICC: Intl Conf on CommRank 3:MPCS: Intl. Conf. on Massively Parallel Computing SystemsGLOBECOM: Global CommICCC: Intl Conf on Comp CommunicationNOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympCONPAR: Intl Conf on Vector and Parallel ProcessingVAPP: Vector and Parallel ProcessingICPADS: Intl Conf. on Parallel and Distributed SystemsPublic Key CryptosystemsIEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopAnnual Workshop on Selected Areas in CryptographyAustralasia Conference on Information Security and PrivacyInt. Conf on Inofrm and Comm. SecurityFinancial CryptographyWorkshop on Information HidingSmart Card Research and Advanced Application ConferenceICON: Intl Conf on NetworksIMSA: Intl Conf on Internet and MMedia SysNCC: Nat Conf CommIN: IEEE Intell Network WorkshopICME: Intl Conf on MMedia & ExpoSoftcomm: Conf on Software in Tcomms and Comp NetworksINET: Internet Society ConfWorkshop on Security and Privacy in E-commerceUn-ranked:PARCO: Parallel ComputingSE: Intl Conf on Systems EngineeringAREA: Programming Languages and Software EngineeringRank 1:POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsPLDI: ACM-SIGPLAN Symp on Prog Lang Design & ImplOOPSLA: OO Prog Systems, Langs and ApplicationsICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingJICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: (Joint) Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringFSE: ACM Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering (inc: ESEC-FSE when held jointly)FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeCAV: Computer Aided VerificationRank 2:CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgTACAS: Tools and Algos for the Const and An of SystemsESOP: European Conf on ProgrammingICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesPEPM: Symp on Partial Evalutation and Prog ManipulationSAS: Static Analysis SymposiumRTA: Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsESEC: European Software Engineering ConfIWSSD: Intl Workshop on S/W Spec & DesignCAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfIWCASE: Intl Workshop on Cumpter-Aided Software EngSSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilitySEKE: Intl Conf on S/E and Knowledge EngineeringICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseASE: Automated Software Engineering ConferencePADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesISRE: Requirements EngineeringICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsIEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsIntl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsFOSSACS: Foundations of Software Science and Comp StructRank 3:FASE: Fund Appr to Soft EngAPSEC: Asia-Pacific S/E ConfPAP/PACT: Practical Aspects of PROLOG/Constraint TechALP: Intl Conf on Algebraic and Logic ProgrammingPLILP: Prog, Lang Implentation & Logic ProgrammingLOPSTR: Intl Workshop on Logic Prog Synthesis & TransfICCC: Intl Conf on Compiler ConstructionCOMPSAC: Intl. Computer S/W and Applications ConfCSM: Conf on Software MaintenanceTAPSOFT: Intl Joint Conf on Theory & Pract of S/W DevWCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringAQSDT: Symp on Assessment of Quality S/W Dev ToolsIFIP Intl Conf on Open Distributed ProcessingIntl Conf of Z UsersIFIP Joint Int'l Conference on Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing, And VerificationPSI (Ershov conference)UML: International Conference on the Unified Modeling LanguageUn-ranked:Australian Software Engineering ConferenceIEEE Int. W'shop on Object-oriented Real-time Dependable Sys. (WORDS)IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems EngineeringThe Northern Formal Methods WorkshopsFormal Methods PacificInt. Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical SystemsJFPLC - International French Speaking Conference on Logic and Constraint ProgrammingL&L - Workshop on Logic and LearningSFP - Scottish Functional Programming WorkshopHASKELL - Haskell WorkshopLCCS - International Workshop on Logic and Complexity in Computer ScienceVLFM - Visual Languages and Formal MethodsNASA LaRC Formal Methods Workshop(1) FATES - A Satellite workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software(1) Workshop On Java For High-Performance Computing(1) DSLSE - Domain-Specific Languages for Software Engineering(1) FTJP - Workshop on Formal Techniques for Java Programs(*) WFLP - International Workshop on Functional and (Constraint) Logic Programming(*) FOOL - International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages(*) SREIS - Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information Security(*) HLPP - International workshop on High-level parallel programming and applications(*) INAP - International Conference on Applications of Prolog(*) MPOOL - Workshop on Multiparadigm Programming with OO Languages(*) PADO - Symposium on Programs as Data Objects(*) TOOLS: Int'l Conf Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems(*) Australasian Conference on Parallel And Real-Time SystemsAREA: Algorithms and TheoryRank 1:STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingFOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceCOLT: Computational Learning TheoryLICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceSCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometrySODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsSPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesPODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingISSAC: Intl. Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationCRYPTO: Advances in CryptologyEUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyRank 2:CONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryICALP: Intl Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgSTACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceCC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityWADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresMFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceSWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsIPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimization LFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceALT: Algorithmic Learning TheoryEUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryWDAG: Workshop on Distributed AlgorithmsISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and SystemsISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationFST&TCS: Foundations of S/W Tech & Theoretical CSLATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical InformaticsRECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyCADE: Conf on Automated DeductionIEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryAsiacryptRank 3:MEGA: Methods Effectives en Geometrie AlgebriqueASIAN: Asian Computing Science ConfCCCG: Canadian Conf on Computational GeometryFCT: Fundamentals of Computation TheoryWG: Workshop on Graph TheoryCIAC: Italian Conf on Algorithms and ComplexityICCI: Advances in Computing and InformationAWTI: Argentine Workshop on Theoretical InformaticsCATS: The Australian Theory SympCOCOON: Annual Intl Computing and Combinatorics ConfUMC: Unconventional Models of ComputationMCU: Universal Machines and ComputationsGD: Graph DrawingSIROCCO: Structural Info & Communication ComplexityALEX: Algorithms and ExperimentsALG: ENGG Workshop on Algorithm EngineeringLPMA: Intl Workshop on Logic Programming and Multi-Agents EWLR: European Workshop on Learning RobotsCITB: Complexity & info-theoretic approaches to biologyFTP: Intl Workshop on First-Order Theorem Proving (FTP)CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science Logic (CSL)AAAAECC: Conf On Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algms & ECC DMTCS: Intl Conf on Disc Math and TCSUn-ranked:Information Theory WorkshopAREA: Data BasesRank 1:SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataPODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsVLDB: Very Large Data BasesICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRank 2:SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesDEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsFODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationEDBT: Extending DB TechnologyDOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesDASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsCIKM: Intl. Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementSSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtCoopIS - Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsER - Intl Conf on Conceptual Modeling (ER)Rank 3:COMAD: Intl Conf on Management of DataBNCOD: British National Conference on DatabasesADC: Australasian Database ConferenceADBIS: Symposium on Advances in DB and Information SystemsDaWaK - Data Warehousing and Knowledge DiscoveryRIDE WorkshopIFIP-DS: IFIP-DS ConferenceIFIP-DBSEC - IFIP Workshop on Database SecurityNGDB: Intl Symp on Next Generation DB Systems and AppsADTI: Intl Symp on Advanced DB Technologies and IntegrationFEWFDB: Far East Workshop on Future DB SystemsMDM - Int. Conf. on Mobile Data Access/Management (MDA/MDM)ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningVDB - Visual Database SystemsIDEAS - International Database Engineering and Application SymposiumOthers:ARTDB - Active and Real-Time Database SystemsCODAS: Intl Symp on Cooperative DB Systems for Adv AppsDBPL - Workshop on Database Programming LanguagesEFIS/EFDBS - Engineering Federated Information (Database) SystemsKRDB - Knowledge Representation Meets DatabasesNDB - National Database Conference (China)NLDB - Applications of Natural Language to Data BasesKDDMBD - Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining in Biological Databases Meeting FQAS - Flexible Query-Answering SystemsIDC(W) - International Database Conference (HK CS)RTDB - Workshop on Real-Time DatabasesSBBD: Brazilian Symposium on DatabasesWebDB - International Workshop on the Web and DatabasesWAIM: Interational Conference on Web Age Information Management(1) DASWIS - Data Semantics in Web Information Systems(1) DMDW - Design and Management of Data Warehouses(1) DOLAP - International Workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAP(1) DMKD - Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (1) KDEX - Knowledge and Data Engineering Exchange Workshop(1) NRDM - Workshop on Network-Related Data Management(1) MobiDE - Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile Access(1) MDDS - Mobility in Databases and Distributed Systems(1) MEWS - Mining for Enhanced Web Search(1) TAKMA - Theory and Applications of Knowledge MAnagement(1) WIDM: International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management(1) W2GIS - International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems * CDB - Constraint Databases and Applications* DTVE - Workshop on Database Technology for Virtual Enterprises* IWDOM - International Workshop on Distributed Object Management* IW-MMDBMS - Int. Workshop on Multi-Media Data Base Management Systems* OODBS - Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems* PDIS: Parallel and Distributed Information SystemsAREA: MiscellaneousRank 1:Rank 2:AMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall SymposiumDNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersRank 3:MEDINFO: World Congress on Medical InformaticsInternational Conference on Sequences and their ApplicationsECAIM: European Conf on AI in MedicineAPAMI: Asia Pacific Assoc for Medical Informatics ConfSAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingICSC: Internal Computer Science ConferenceISCIS: Intl Symp on Computer and Information SciencesICSC2: International Computer Symposium ConferenceICCE: Intl Conf on Comps in EduEd-MediaWCC: World Computing CongressPATAT: Practice and Theory of Automated TimetablingNot Encouraged (due to dubious referee process):International Multiconferences in Computer Science -- 14 joint int'l confs.SCI: World Multi confs on systemics, sybernetics and informaticsSSGRR: International conf on Advances in Infrastructure for e-B, e-Edu and e-Science and e-MedicineIASTED conferences以下是期刊：IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS期刊系列一般都被公认为领域顶级期刊，所以以下列表在关于IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS的分类不一定太准确。
计算机学科国际会议分级 2012
计算机学科国际会议分级说明：本列表合并了UCLA、NUS、NTU、CCF、清华大学计算机系、上海交大计算机系认可的国际会议，分级时采用了“就高”的原则。
Rank #1(1) AAAI: AAAI Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(2) CCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(3) CRYPTO: International Cryptology ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(4) CVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(5) FOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(6) HPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(7) ICCV: International Conf on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(8) ICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(9) ICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(10) ICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(11) IJCAI: International Joint Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(12) INFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(13) ISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(14) MICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(15) MOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(16) OOPSLA: OO Programming Systems, Languages and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(17) POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(18) SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(19) SIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(20) SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(21) STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(22) VLDB: Very Large Data BasesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(23) ACL: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(24) ACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(25) NIPS: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(26) PLDI: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Programming Language Design & Implementation Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(27) S&P: IEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(28) SIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(29) WWW: International World Wide Web ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(30) FSE: ACM Conf on the Foundations of Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(31) ICDCS: International Conference on Distributed Computing SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(32) LICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(33) ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(34) COLT: Annual Conference on Computational Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(35) PODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(36) PPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(37) SIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(38) SODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(39) UAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(40) DAC: Design Automation ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(41) KDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(42) SOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(43) ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(44) IPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(45) AAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(46) CAV: Computer Aided VerificationRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(47) FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(48) I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(49) ICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(50) ICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(51) ICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(52) JICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: Joint Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(53) KR: International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(54) PACT: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(55) RTSS: IEEE Real-Time Systems SymposiumRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(56) SPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(57) DCC: Data Compression ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(58) ICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(59) ISSAC: Intl Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(60) PODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(61) SCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) NUS(1)(62) PECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp & Comm SysRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(63) SOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(64) CIKM: Intl Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(65) RECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(66) RTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications SymposiumRefs: CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(67) ISMB: International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular BiologyRefs: NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(68) OSDI: Symposium on Operation systems design and implementationRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(69) SIGKDD: ACM Conf on Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: CCF(1) SJTU(1)(70) EUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(71) MOBIHOC: ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(72) FAST: Conference on File and Storage TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(73) NSDI: Symposium on Network System Design and Implementation Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(74) SC: IEEE/ACM Conference on SupercomputingRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2)(75) USENIX Symp on Internet Tech and SysRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1)(76) MassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRefs: UCLA(1)(77) OPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgRefs: UCLA(1)(78) SIGCHI: ACM SIG CHIRefs: CCF(1)(79) Ubicomp: International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing Refs: TSINGHUA(1)Rank #2(80) COLING: International Conference on Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(81) CONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(82) ECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(83) USENIX Security: USENIX Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(84) ALT: International Conference on Algorithmic Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(85) ASE: International Conference on Automated Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(86) ASIACRYPT: Annual International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information SecurityRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(87) CC: International Conference on Compiler ConstructionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(88) DATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(89) ECAI: European Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(90) ECML: European Conference on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(91) EDBT: International Conference on Extending DB TechnologyRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(92) EMNLP: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(93) ER: Intl Conf on Conceptual ModelingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(94) ESOP: European Symposium on ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(95) Euro-Par: European Conference on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(96) FSTTCS: Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(97) ICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(98) ICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(99) MFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(100) PEPM: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Partial Evaluation and Semantics Based Programming ManipulationRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(101) RTA: International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(102) SAS: International Static Analysis SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(103) STACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(104) TACAS: International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(105) CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(106) CSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(107) CSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(108) ECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(109) IEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(110) ISRE: Requirements EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(111) PG: Pacific GraphicsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(112) CGI: Computer Graphics InternationalRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(113) FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(114) FoSSaCS: International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(115) ICC: IEEE International Conference on CommunicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(116) ICDM: IEEE International Conference on Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(3)(117) ICME: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & ExpoRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(118) ICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(119) ICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(120) LCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(121) NDSS: Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(122) NOSSDAV: Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(123) CADE: Conference on Automated DeductionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(124) CAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(125) CoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(126) CoopIS: Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(127) DAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(128) DASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(129) DEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(130) EACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational Linguistics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(131) ESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(132) ICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(133) ICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(134) ICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(135) ICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(136) ICSM: Intl Conf on Software MaintenanceRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(137) ICTAI: IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(138) IJCNN: Intl Joint Conference on Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(139) IPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(140) ISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(141) JCDL: ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(142) MASCOTS: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation On Computer and Telecommunication SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(143) NAACL: The Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(144) PADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(145) SEKE: International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(146) SRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(147) SSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(148) VLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(149) WACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(150) WCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications & Networking ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(151) AI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(152) AID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(153) AMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(154) AMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall Symposium Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(155) ASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array Processors Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(156) ASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(157) CAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and Patterns Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(158) CANIM: Computer AnimationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(159) CC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(160) CCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(161) DNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(162) DOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(163) EUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(164) EUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(165) FODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(166) HCS: Hot Chips SympRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(167) IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(168) IEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(169) IPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & Communications Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(170) IPTPS: Annual International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(171) ISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and Systems Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(172) Intl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(173) LATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical Informatics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(174) LFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(175) MMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and Networking Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(176) NetStore: Network Storage SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(177) PADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel & Dist Simulation Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(178) PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech & Tools for CPE Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(179) SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(180) SUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(181) SWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(182) SenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(183) WADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(184) WCW: Web Caching WorkshopRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(185) WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(186) DSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(187) CASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(188) CODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(189) ISSTA: International Symposium on Software Testing and AnalysisRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(190) WCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(191) ACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(192) APLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(193) CSCW: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative WorkRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(194) ESEC: European Software Engineering ConfRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(195) ESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(196) FPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(197) Fast Software EncryptionRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(198) GECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation ConferenceRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(199) HASKELL: Haskell WorkshopRefs: UCLA(4) NTU(2) NUS(2)(200) IC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(201) IEEE VisualizationRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(202) IMC: Internet Measurement Conference/WorkshopRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(203) IWSSD: International Workshop on Software Specifications & Design Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2)(204) PPDP: Principles and Practice of Declarative ProgrammingRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(205) RAID: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(206) WABI: Workshop on Algorithms in BioinformaticsRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(207) DSIC: Intl Symp om Distributed ComputingRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(208) DocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(209) EUROSYS: EUROSYSRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(210) European Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(211) HPDC: IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(212) IEEE/WIC: International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Refs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(213) ISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(214) MOBISYS: International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Refs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(2)(215) MPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(216) MPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(217) SCA: ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer AnimationRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(218) SSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(219) UIST: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(220) CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science LogicRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)(221) IH: Workshop on Information HidingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(222) COMPSAC: International Computer Software and Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(223) FCT: International Symposium Fundamentals of Computation TheoryRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(224) ICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(225) ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationRefs: UCLA(4) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(4)(226) ILP: International Workshop on Inductive Logic ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(4)(227) PKDD: European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesRefs: CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(228) EC: ACM Conference on Electronic CommerceRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(229) IJCAR: International Joint Conference on Automated ReasoningRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(230) IPSN: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) TSINGHUA(3)(231) ITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(232) MiddlewareRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(233) PPSN: Parallel Problem Solving from NatureRefs: NTU(4) CORE(2) NUS(4)(234) TLCA: Typed Lambda Calculus and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(235) CCC: IEEE Conference on Computational ComplexityRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(236) CEC: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary ComputationRefs: CCF(3) CORE(2)(237) CLUSTER: Cluster ComputingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(238) CoNEXT: ACM International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(239) ECDL: European Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(240) EGSR: Eurographics Symposium on RenderingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(241) EuroGraphics: EuroGraphics Symposium on geometry processingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(242) FPGA: International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate ArraysRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(243) GCSE: International Conference on Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering Refs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(244) ICAPS: International Conference on Automated Planning and SchedulingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(245) ISSS: International Symposium on System SynthesisRefs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(3)(246) IWQoS: International Workshop on Quality of ServiceRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(247) Networking: International Conferences on NetworkingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(248) PKC: International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key CryptographyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(249) Percom: International Conference on Pervasive Computing and CommunicationsRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(250) SDM: SIAM International Conference on Data MiningRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(251) SPM: ACM Solid and Physical Modeling SymposiumRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(252) TCC: Theory of Cryptography ConferenceRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(253) ACM SIGARCHRefs: CCF(2)(254) AOSD: Aspect-Oriented Software DevelopmentRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(255) CHI: Computer Human InteractionRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(256) ECRTS: Euromicro Conference on Real-Time SystemsRefs: CORE(2)(257) EuroVis: Eurographics/IEEE-VGTC Symposium on VisualizationRefs: CCF(2)(258) GP: Genetic Programming ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2)(259) HOT CHIPS: A Symposium on High Performance ChipsRefs: CCF(2)(260) ICCD: International Conference on Computer DesignRefs: CCF(2)(261) ICMI: International Conference on Multimodal InterfaceRefs: CCF(2)(262) ICWE: International Conference on Web EngineeringRefs: NUS(2)(263) ISWC: International Semantic Web ConferenceRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(264) IWCASE: Intl Workshop on Computer-Aided Software EngRefs: UCLA(2)(265) LCTES: Conference on Language, Compiler and Tool Support for Embedded Systems Refs: CCF(2)(266) MFPS: Mathematical Foundations of Programming SemanticsRefs: CCF(2)(267) MSST: Mass Storage Systems and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2)(268) MoDELS: International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Refs: CCF(2)(269) SGP: Eurographics Symposium on Geometry ProcessingRefs: CCF(2)(270) TCS: IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: CCF(2)(271) WDAG: Workshop on Distributed AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2)Rank #3(272) ECIR: European Conference on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(273) MDM: Intl Conf on Mobile Data Access/ManagementRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(274) ACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(275) APSEC: Asia-Pacific Software Engineering ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(276) Globecom: IEEE Global Communications Conference, incorporating the Global Internet SymposiumRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(277) ICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(278) ICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(279) ICPADS: Intl Conf on Parallel and Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(280) LOPSTR: International Symposium on Logic-based Program Synthesis and Transformation Refs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(281) NOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(282) PAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(283) PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(284) SAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(285) FASE: Fundamental Approaches to Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)。
并行处理与体系结构课件hitsz-lec01
The Principle of Locality:
–
Program access a relatively small portion of the address space at any instant of time. Temporal Locality (Locality in Time): If an item is referenced, it will tend to be referenced again soon (e.g., loops, reuse) Spatial Locality (Locality in Space): If an item is referenced, items whose addresses are close by tend to be referenced soon (e.g., straight-line code, array access)
Parallel computing, Domain of security, … recent computer architectur e („90s) Reliability, power, …
Circuits
Devices Physics
Reinvigoration of computer architecture, mid-2000s onward.
7
Less than 20%
Change in Chip Design
Intel 4004 (1971): 4-bit processor, 2312 transistors, 0.4 MHz, 10 micron PMOS, 11 mm2 chip
• RISC II (1983): 32-bit, 5 stage pipeline, 40,760 transistors, 3 MHz, 3 micron NMOS, 60 mm2 chip • 125 mm2 chip, 0.065 micron CMOS = 2312 RISC II+FPU+Icache+Dcache
PIC12F1501T-IMF;PIC12LF1501T-IMF;PIC12F1501-EMF;PIC12LF1501-EMF;中文规格书,Datasheet资料
Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, , dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, , PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2011, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-61341-765-2
计算机科学ABC类会议分类表
Applications and MediaI3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsSIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceDCC: Data Compression ConfSIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysSIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalPECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp \& Comm SysWWW: World-Wide Web ConferenceIEEE VisualizationEUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceCGI: Computer Graphics InternationalCANIM: Computer AnimationPG: Pacific GraphicsNOSSDAV: Network and OS Support for Digital A/VPADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel \& Dist SimulationWSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumMASCOTS: Symp Model Analysis \& Sim of Comp \& Telecom SysPT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech \& Tools for CPENetStore: Network Storage SymposiumMMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and NetworkingJCDL: Joint Conference on Digital Librariese-Science: IEEE International Conference on e-science and Grid Computing ICGC: International Conference on Grid ComputingACM-HPC: ACM Hypertext ConfMMM: Multimedia ModellingICME: Intl Conf on MMedia & ExpoAPweb: Asia Pacific Web ConferenceDSS: Distributed Simulation SymposiumSCSC: Summer Computer Simulation ConferenceWCSS: World Congress on Systems SimulationESS: European Simulation SymposiumESM: European Simulation MulticonferenceHPCN: High-Performance Computing and NetworkingGeometry Modeling and ProcessingWISE: Intl Conf on Web Information Systems EngineeringDS-RT: Distributed Simulation and Real-time ApplicationsIEEE Intl Wshop on Dist Int Simul and Real-Time ApplicationsECIR: European Colloquium on Information RetrievalEd-MediaIMSA: Intl Conf on Internet and MMedia SysData BasesSIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataPODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsVLDB: Very Large Data BasesICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheorySSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesDEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsFODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationEDBT: Extending DB TechnologyDOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesDASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsCIKM: Intl. Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementSSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtCoopIS - Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsER - Intl Conf on Conceptual Modeling (ER)COMAD: Intl Conf on Management of DataBNCOD: British National Conference on DatabasesADC: Australasian Database ConferenceADBIS: Symposium on Advances in DB and Information SystemsDaWaK - Data Warehousing and Knowledge DiscoveryRIDE WorkshopIFIP-DS: IFIP-DS ConferenceIFIP-DBSEC - IFIP Workshop on Database SecurityNGDB: Intl Symp on Next Generation DB Systems and AppsADTI: Intl Symp on Advanced DB Technologies and IntegrationFEWFDB: Far East Workshop on Future DB SystemsMDM - Int. Conf. on Mobile Data Access/Management (MDA/MDM)ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningVDB - Visual Database SystemsIDEAS - International Database Engineering and Application Symposium MiscellaneousRECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyAMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall SymposiumDNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersCSCW: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative WorkMEDINFO: World Congress on Medical InformaticsInternational Conference on Sequences and their ApplicationsECAIM: European Conf on AI in MedicineAPAMI: Asia Pacific Assoc for Medical Informatics ConfINBS: IEEE Intl Symp on Intell. in Neural & Bio SystemsSAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingICSC: Internal Computer Science ConferenceISCIS: Intl Symp on Computer and Information SciencesICSC2: International Computer Symposium ConferenceICCE: Intl Conf on Comps in EduWCC: World Computing CongressPATAT: Practice and Theory of Automated TimetablingSystem Technology (Including networking and security) SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsSPAA: Symp on Parallel Algms and ArchitecturePODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingPPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingMassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRTSS: Real Time Systems SympSOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationCCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityS&P: IEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyMOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingMOBIHOC: ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing ICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsOPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgPACT: Intl Conf on Parallel Arch and Compil TechINFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocUSENIX Symp on Internet Tech and SysRTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications SymposiumPercom: IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and CommunicationsUbiComp: Uniquitous ComputingCC: International Conference Compiler ConstructionIPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympMOBISYS: International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and ServicesSenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingICDCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Distributed Comp SystemsSRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsMPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array ProcessorsEuro-Par: European Conf. on Parallel ComputingUsenix Security SymposiumNDSS: ISOC Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityRAID: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion DetectionDSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceWCW: Web Caching WorkshopLCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksIPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & CommunicationsCCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceICC: Intl Conf on CommWCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking ConferenceIPSN: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor NetworksIPTPS: Annual International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer SystemsCSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopMPCS: Intl. Conf. on Massively Parallel Computing SystemsGLOBECOM: Global CommIMC: Internet Measurement ConferenceIC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksICCC: Intl Conf on Comp CommunicationNOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympCONPAR: Intl Conf on Vector and Parallel ProcessingVAPP: Vector and Parallel ProcessingICPADS: Intl Conf. on Parallel and Distributed SystemsPublic Key CryptosystemsFast Software EncryptionSecureComm: Int. Conf on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communication Networks AsiaCCS: ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications SecurityACNS: International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network SecurityAnnual Workshop on Selected Areas in CryptographyAustralasia Conference on Information Security and PrivacyInt. Conf on Inofrm and Comm. SecurityFinancial CryptographyWorkshop on Information HidingSmart Card Research and Advanced Application ConferenceICON: Intl Conf on NetworksIMSA: Intl Conf on Internet and MMedia SysNCC: Nat Conf CommIN: IEEE Intell Network WorkshopSoftcomm: Conf on Software in Tcomms and Comp NetworksINET: Internet Society ConfWorkshop on Security and Privacy in E-commerceEEE: IEEE Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service Programming Languages and Software EngineeringPOPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsPLDI: ACM-SIGPLAN Symp on Prog Lang Design & ImplOOPSLA: OO Prog Systems, Langs and ApplicationsICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingJICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: (Joint) Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringFSE: ACM Conference on the Foundations of Software EngineeringFM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeCAV: Computer Aided VerificationCP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgTACAS: Tools and Algos for the Const and An of SystemsESOP: European Conf on ProgrammingICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesPEPM: Symp on Partial Evalutation and Prog ManipulationSAS: Static Analysis SymposiumRTA: Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsESEC: European Software Engineering ConfIWSSD: Intl Workshop on S/W Spec & DesignCAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfIWCASE: Intl Workshop on Cumpter-Aided Software EngSSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilitySEKE: Intl Conf on S/E and Knowledge EngineeringICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseASE: Automated Software Engineering ConferencePADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesISRE: Requirements EngineeringICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsIEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsIntl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsFOSSACS: Foundations of Software Science and Comp StructAPLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsMPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingFASE: Fund Appr to Soft EngAPSEC: Asia-Pacific S/E ConfPAP/PACT: Practical Aspects of PROLOG/Constraint TechALP: Intl Conf on Algebraic and Logic ProgrammingPLILP: Prog, Lang Implentation & Logic ProgrammingLOPSTR: Intl Workshop on Logic Prog Synthesis & TransfICCC: Intl Conf on Compiler ConstructionCOMPSAC: Intl. Computer S/W and Applications ConfICSM: Int. Conf on Software MaintenanceTAPSOFT: Intl Joint Conf on Theory & Pract of S/W DevWCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringAQSDT: Symp on Assessment of Quality S/W Dev ToolsIFIP Intl Conf on Open Distributed ProcessingIntl Conf of Z UsersIFIP Joint Int'l Conference on Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing, And VerificatiPSI (Ershov conference)UML: International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language EDOC: IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing Algorithms and TheorySTOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingFOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceCOLT: Computational Learning TheoryLICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceSCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometrySODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsSPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesPODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingISSAC: Intl. Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationCRYPTO: Advances in CryptologyEUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyCONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryICALP: Intl Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgSTACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceCC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityWADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresMFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceSWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsIPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimizationLFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceALT: Algorithmic Learning TheoryEUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryDSIC: Int'l Symp om Distributed Computing (old: WDAG)ISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and SystemsISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationFST&TCS: Foundations of S/W Tech & Theoretical CSLATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical InformaticsRECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyCADE: Conf on Automated DeductionIEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryAsiacryptMEGA: Methods Effectives en Geometrie AlgebriqueASIAN: Asian Computing Science ConfCCCG: Canadian Conf on Computational GeometryFCT: Fundamentals of Computation TheoryWG: Workshop on Graph TheoryCIAC: Italian Conf on Algorithms and ComplexityICCI: Advances in Computing and InformationAWTI: Argentine Workshop on Theoretical InformaticsCATS: The Australian Theory SympCOCOON: Annual Intl Computing and Combinatorics ConfUMC: Unconventional Models of ComputationMCU: Universal Machines and ComputationsGD: Graph DrawingSIROCCO: Structural Info & Communication ComplexityALEX: Algorithms and ExperimentsALG: ENGG Workshop on Algorithm EngineeringLPMA: Intl Workshop on Logic Programming and Multi-AgentsEWLR: European Workshop on Learning RobotsCITB: Complexity & info-theoretic approaches to biologyFTP: Intl Workshop on First-Order Theorem Proving (FTP)CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science Logic (CSL)AAAAECC: Conf On Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algms & ECCDMTCS: Intl Conf on Disc Math and TCSJCDCG: Japan Conference on Discrete and Computational Geometry Data BasesSIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataPODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsVLDB: Very Large Data BasesICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheorySSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesDEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsFODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationEDBT: Extending DB TechnologyDOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesDASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsCIKM: Intl. Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementSSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtCoopIS - Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsER - Intl Conf on Conceptual Modeling (ER)COMAD: Intl Conf on Management of DataBNCOD: British National Conference on DatabasesADC: Australasian Database ConferenceADBIS: Symposium on Advances in DB and Information SystemsDaWaK - Data Warehousing and Knowledge DiscoveryRIDE WorkshopIFIP-DS: IFIP-DS ConferenceIFIP-DBSEC - IFIP Workshop on Database SecurityNGDB: Intl Symp on Next Generation DB Systems and AppsADTI: Intl Symp on Advanced DB Technologies and IntegrationFEWFDB: Far East Workshop on Future DB SystemsMDM - Int. Conf. on Mobile Data Access/Management (MDA/MDM)ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningVDB - Visual Database SystemsIDEAS - International Database Engineering and Application Symposium MiscellaneousRECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyAMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall SymposiumDNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersCSCW: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work MEDINFO: World Congress on Medical InformaticsInternational Conference on Sequences and their ApplicationsECAIM: European Conf on AI in MedicineAPAMI: Asia Pacific Assoc for Medical Informatics ConfINBS: IEEE Intl Symp on Intell. in Neural & Bio SystemsSAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingICSC: Internal Computer Science ConferenceISCIS: Intl Symp on Computer and Information SciencesICSC2: International Computer Symposium ConferenceICCE: Intl Conf on Comps in EduWCC: World Computing CongressPATAT: Practice and Theory of Automated TimetablingArtificial Intelligence and Related SubjectsAAAI: American Association for AI National ConferenceCVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionIJCAI: Intl Joint Conf on AIICCV: Intl Conf on Computer VisionICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningSIGKDD: ACM Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningKR: Intl Conf on Principles of KR & ReasoningNIPS: Neural Information Processing SystemsUAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIAAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (past: ICAA)ACL: Annual Meeting of the ACL (Association of Computational Linguistics)ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningNAACL: North American Chapter of the ACLAID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignAI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationCAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and PatternsCSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionEAI: European Conf on AIEML: European Conf on Machine LearningGECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (used to be GP)IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingICNN/IJCNN: Intl (Joint) Conference on Neural NetworksICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and RecognitionICTAI: IEEE conference on Tools with AIAMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsDAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsWACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionCOLING: International Conference on Computational LiguisticsEMNLP: Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingEACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational LingusticsCoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningDocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringIEEE/WIC International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIAAI: Australian National Conf on AIACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionAI*IA: Congress of the Italian Assoc for AIANNIE: Artificial Neural Networks in EngineeringANZIIS: Australian/NZ Conf on Intelligent Inf. SystemsCAIA: Conf on AI for ApplicationsCAAI: Canadian Artificial Intelligence ConferenceASADM: Chicago ASA Data Mining Conf: A Hard Look at DMEPIA: Portuguese Conference on Artificial IntelligenceFCKAML: French Conf on Know. Acquisition & Machine LearningICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningICGA: International Conference on Genetic AlgorithmsICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingIEA/AIE: Intl Conf on Ind. & Eng. Apps of AI & Expert SysICMS: International Conference on Multiagent SystemsICPS: International conference on Planning SystemsIWANN: Intl Work-Conf on Art & Natural Neural NetworksPACES: Pacific Asian Conference on Expert SystemsSCAI: Scandinavian Conference on Artifical IntelligenceSPICIS: Singapore Intl Conf on Intelligent SystemPAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningSMC: IEEE Intl Conf on Systems, Man and CyberneticsPAKDDM: Practical App of Knowledge Discovery & Data MiningWCNN: The World Congress on Neural NetworksWCES: World Congress on Expert SystemsINBS: IEEE Intl Symp on Intell. in Neural \& Bio SystemsASC: Intl Conf on AI and Soft ComputingPACLIC: Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and ComputationICCC: International Conference on Chinese ComputingICADL: International Conference on Asian Digital LibrariesRANLP: Recent Advances in Natural Language ProcessingNLPRS: Natural Language Pacific Rim SymposiumMeta-Heuristics International ConferenceHardware and ArchitectureASPLOS: Architectural Support for Prog Lang and OSISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignDAC: Design Automation ConfMICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureHPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureFCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesSC(SUPER): ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfHCS: Hot Chips SympVLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsCODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisDATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceFPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsCASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded System ICA3PP: Algs and Archs for Parall ProcEuroMICRO: New Frontiers of Information TechnologyACS: Australian Supercomputing ConfISC: Information Security ConferenceHiPC:International Conference on High Performance ComputingClass A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Class A A A A A B B B B BB B B B BC C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Class B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C Class A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AB B A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BC C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CC C Class A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CC C Class A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CC C C C C Class A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Class B B B B C C C C C C C C C C CClassAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Class A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C。
CCS调试常见报错资料
1."D:/Program Files/CCS/C5500/csl/include/csl_chiphal.h", line 201: fatal error: #error NO CHIP DEFINED ？芯片型号没有确定解决方法：Build option> complier> 添加：-d"CHIP_5509" –ml2. Error: W ARNING: PAGE BOUNDARY CROSSING DETECTED AT PROGRAM COUNTER 0x1797 ？3. undefined first referencedsymbol in file--------- ----------------__mpyd D:\\cs\\PROJECT\\DSP\\5509\\ok\\sinewave\\Debug\\sine.obj_sin D:\\cs\\PROJECT\\DSP\\5509\\ok\\sinewave\\Debug\\sine.obj_puts D:\\cs\\PROJECT\\DSP\\5509\\ok\\sinewave\\Debug\\sine.obj__divd D:\\cs\\PROJECT\\DSP\\5509\\ok\\sinewave\\Debug\\sine.obj__fltid D:\\cs\\PROJECT\\DSP\\5509\\ok\\sinewave\\Debug\\sine.obj>> error: symbol referencing errors - './Debug/sinewave.out' not built ？解决方法：变量为定义。
添加运行时库rts55.lib4."main.c", line 12: fatal error: could not open source file "evmdm6437.h" ？当工程转移时，有的.h 或者.c文件的路径变了，编译时报错。
基础资料整理-SPEC篇
基础资料整理-SPEC项目组目录1SPEC介绍 (2)2 SPEC发布的基准测试类型 (2)2.1类型介绍 (2)2.1.1CPU2006 (2)2.1.2Graphics and Workstation Performance (3)2.1.3High Performance Computing, Open MP, MPI (7)2.1.4Java Client/Server (8)2.1.5Mail Servers (11)2.1.6Network File System (12)2.1.7Power (12)2.1.8Web Servers (13)2.2各基准测试类型的应用概括 (13)1SPEC介绍SPEC官方网站The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) is a non-profit corporation formed to establish, maintain and endorse a standardized set of relevant benchmarks that can be applied to the newest generation of high-performance computers. SPEC develops benchmark suites and also reviews and publishes submitted results from our member organizations and other benchmark licensees./论文题目：Benchmark性能测试综述。
作者：王良。
中国人民大学计算机科学与技术系SPEC(Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation)是一家非盈利公司,致力于建立、维护和认可与高性能计算机Benchmark标准。
IBM Integration Bus V9.0 产品介绍说明书
• In many scenarios IIB out performs other integration products by 2:1
• IIB Express versus a S&S only open source model
• IIB Express versus rental approach
– IIB Express typically 17,000 AUD per core 1st year S&S
• 1400 AUD per month per core for 1st 12 months • 300 AUD per month there after based on (3400 AUD follow year S&S)
• Patterns capture, create your own pattern templates • Accelerate delivery • Breed Re-use • Drive out errors – the template is the contract between designer and
• Example: University in Sydney
– ½ Day introduction, ½ Day a week mentoring from IBM – 3 man team, only one experienced programmer (no previous WMB skills) – Acquisition to production in 4 months
6
IBM Integration Bus – Easy to Engage
计算机方向的会议级别
AREA: Artificial Intelligence and Related SubjectsRank 1:AAAI: American Association for AI National ConferenceCVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionIJCAI: Intl Joint Conf on AIICCV: Intl Conf on Computer VisionICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningKDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningKR: Intl Conf on Principles of KR & ReasoningNIPS: Neural Information Processing SystemsUAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIICAA: International Conference on Autonomous AgentsACL: Annual Meeting of the ACL (Association of Computational Linguistics) Rank 2:NAACL: North American Chapter of the ACLAID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignAI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationCAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and PatternsCSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceEAI: European Conf on AIEML: European Conf on Machine LearningGP: Genetic Programming ConferenceIAAI: Innovative Applications in AIICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingICNN/IJCNN: Intl (Joint) Conference on Neural NetworksICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICTAI: IEEE conference on Tools with AIAMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsDAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsWACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionCOLING: International Conference on Computational LiguisticsEMNLP: Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingEACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational Lingustics CoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningRank 3:PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIAAI: Australian National Conf on AIACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionAI*IA: Congress of the Italian Assoc for AIANNIE: Artificial Neural Networks in EngineeringANZIIS: Australian/NZ Conf on Intelligent Inf. SystemsCAIA: Conf on AI for ApplicationsCAAI: Canadian Artificial Intelligence ConferenceASADM: Chicago ASA Data Mining Conf: A Hard Look at DMEPIA: Portuguese Conference on Artificial IntelligenceFCKAML: French Conf on Know. Acquisition & Machine LearningICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningICGA: International Conference on Genetic AlgorithmsICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingIEA/AIE: Intl Conf on Ind. & Eng. Apps of AI & Expert SysICMS: International Conference on Multiagent SystemsICPS: International conference on Planning SystemsIWANN: Intl Work-Conf on Art & Natural Neural NetworksPACES: Pacific Asian Conference on Expert SystemsSCAI: Scandinavian Conference on Artifical IntelligenceSPICIS: Singapore Intl Conf on Intelligent SystemPAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningSMC: IEEE Intl Conf on Systems, Man and CyberneticsPAKDDM: Practical App of Knowledge Discovery & Data MiningWCNN: The World Congress on Neural NetworksWCES: World Congress on Expert SystemsINBS: IEEE Intl Symp on Intell. in Neural \& Bio SystemsASC: Intl Conf on AI and Soft ComputingPACLIC: Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation ICCC: International Conference on Chinese ComputingICADL: International Conference on Asian Digital LibrariesRANLP: Recent Advances in Natural Language ProcessingNLPRS: Natural Language Pacific Rim SymposiumOthers:ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationNNSP: Neural Networks for Signal ProcessingICASSP: IEEE Intl Conf on Acoustics, Speech and SPGCCCE: Global Chinese Conference on Computers in EducationICAI: Intl Conf on Artificial IntelligenceAEN: IASTED Intl Conf on AI, Exp Sys & Neural NetworksWMSCI: World Multiconfs on Sys, Cybernetics & InformaticsLREC: Language Resources and Evaluation ConferenceAREA: Hardware and ArchitectureRank 1:ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Prog Lang and OSISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignDAC: Design Automation ConfMICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureHPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRank 2:FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines SUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfHCS: Hot Chips SympVLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsISSS: International Symposium on System SynthesisDATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceRank 3:ICA3PP: Algs and Archs for Parall ProcEuroMICRO: New Frontiers of Information TechnologyACS: Australian Supercomputing ConfUnranked:Advanced Research in VLSIInternational Symposium on System SynthesisInternational Symposium on Computer DesignInternational Symposium on Circuits and SystemsAsia Pacific Design Automation ConferenceInternational Symposium on Physical DesignInternational Conference on VLSI DesignAREA: ApplicationsRank 1:I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsSIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceDCC: Data Compression ConfSIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysSIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalPECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp \& Comm SysWWW: World-Wide Web ConferenceRank 2:EUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceCGI: Computer Graphics InternationalCANIM: Computer AnimationPG: Pacific GraphicsNOSSDAV: Network and OS Support for Digital A/VPADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel \& Dist Simulation WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumMASCOTS: Symp Model Analysis \& Sim of Comp \& Telecom Sys PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech \& Tools for CPENetStore: Network Storage SymposiumMMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and NetworkingJCDL: Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRank 3:ACM-HPC: ACM Hypertext ConfMMM: Multimedia ModellingICME: Intl Conf on MMedia & ExpoDSS: Distributed Simulation SymposiumSCSC: Summer Computer Simulation ConferenceWCSS: World Congress on Systems SimulationESS: European Simulation SymposiumESM: European Simulation MulticonferenceHPCN: High-Performance Computing and NetworkingGeometry Modeling and ProcessingWISEDS-RT: Distributed Simulation and Real-time ApplicationsIEEE Intl Wshop on Dist Int Simul and Real-Time ApplicationsECIR: European Colloquium on Information RetrievalUn-ranked:DVAT: IS\&T/SPIE Conf on Dig Video Compression Alg \& Tech MME: IEEE Intl Conf. on Multimedia in EducationICMSO: Intl Conf on Modelling, Simulation and OptimisationICMS: IASTED Intl Conf on Modelling and SimulationAREA: System Technology (Including networking and security)Rank 1:SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & Apps SPAA: Symp on Parallel Algms and ArchitecturePODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingPPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingMassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRTSS: Real Time Systems SympSOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationCCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityS&P (Oakland): IEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyMOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingMOBIHOC: ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and ComputingICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsOPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgPACT: Intl Conf on Parallel Arch and Compil TechINFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocRank 2:USENIX Symp on Internet Tech and SysCC: Compiler ConstructionIPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympMOBISYS: International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services SenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingICDCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Distributed Comp SystemsSRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsMPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array ProcessorsEuro-Par: European Conf. on Parallel ComputingUsenix Security SymposiumNDSS: ISOC Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityRAID: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion DetectionDSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceWCW: Web Caching WorkshopLCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksIPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & CommunicationsCCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceICC: Intl Conf on CommWCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking ConferenceIPSN: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor NetworksIPTPS: Annual International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer SystemsCSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRank 3:MPCS: Intl. Conf. on Massively Parallel Computing SystemsGLOBECOM: Global CommIMC: Internet Measurement ConferenceIC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksICCC: Intl Conf on Comp CommunicationNOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympCONPAR: Intl Conf on Vector and Parallel ProcessingVAPP: Vector and Parallel ProcessingICPADS: Intl Conf. on Parallel and Distributed SystemsPublic Key CryptosystemsFast Software EncryptionSecureComm: Int. Conf on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communication NetworksAsiaCCS: ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security ACNS: International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network SecurityAnnual Workshop on Selected Areas in CryptographyAustralasia Conference on Information Security and PrivacyInt. Conf on Inofrm and Comm. SecurityFinancial CryptographyWorkshop on Information HidingSmart Card Research and Advanced Application ConferenceICON: Intl Conf on NetworksIMSA: Intl Conf on Internet and MMedia SysNCC: Nat Conf CommIN: IEEE Intell Network WorkshopSoftcomm: Conf on Software in Tcomms and Comp NetworksINET: Internet Society ConfWorkshop on Security and Privacy in E-commerceEEE: IEEE Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service (Suggested by Roy Grønmo. Thanks)Un-ranked:PARCO: Parallel ComputingSE: Intl Conf on Systems EngineeringAREA: Programming Languages and Software EngineeringRank 1:POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsPLDI: ACM-SIGPLAN Symp on Prog Lang Design & ImplOOPSLA: OO Prog Systems, Langs and ApplicationsICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingJICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: (Joint) Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringFSE: ACM Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering (inc: ESEC-FSE when held jointly)FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeCAV: Computer Aided VerificationRank 2:CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgTACAS: Tools and Algos for the Const and An of SystemsESOP: European Conf on ProgrammingICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesPEPM: Symp on Partial Evalutation and Prog ManipulationSAS: Static Analysis SymposiumRTA: Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsESEC: European Software Engineering ConfIWSSD: Intl Workshop on S/W Spec & DesignCAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfIWCASE: Intl Workshop on Cumpter-Aided Software EngSSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilitySEKE: Intl Conf on S/E and Knowledge EngineeringICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseASE: Automated Software Engineering ConferencePADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesISRE: Requirements EngineeringICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsIEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsIntl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsFOSSACS: Foundations of Software Science and Comp StructRank 3:FASE: Fund Appr to Soft EngAPSEC: Asia-Pacific S/E ConfPAP/PACT: Practical Aspects of PROLOG/Constraint TechALP: Intl Conf on Algebraic and Logic ProgrammingPLILP: Prog, Lang Implentation & Logic ProgrammingLOPSTR: Intl Workshop on Logic Prog Synthesis & TransfICCC: Intl Conf on Compiler ConstructionCOMPSAC: Intl. Computer S/W and Applications ConfCSM: Conf on Software MaintenanceTAPSOFT: Intl Joint Conf on Theory & Pract of S/W DevWCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringAQSDT: Symp on Assessment of Quality S/W Dev ToolsIFIP Intl Conf on Open Distributed ProcessingIntl Conf of Z UsersIFIP Joint Int'l Conference on Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification,Testing, And VerificatiPSI (Ershov conference)UML: International Conference on the Unified Modeling LanguageEDOC: IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing (Suggested by Roy Grønmo.)Un-ranked:Australian Software Engineering ConferenceIEEE Int. W'shop on Object-oriented Real-time Dependable Sys. (WORDS)IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems EngineeringThe Northern Formal Methods WorkshopsFormal Methods PacificInt. Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical SystemsJFPLC - International French Speaking Conference on Logic and Constraint ProgrammingL&L - Workshop on Logic and LearningSFP - Scottish Functional Programming WorkshopHASKELL - Haskell WorkshopLCCS - International Workshop on Logic and Complexity in Computer ScienceVLFM - Visual Languages and Formal MethodsNASA LaRC Formal Methods Workshop(1) FATES - A Satellite workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software(1) Workshop On Java For High-Performance Computing(1) DSLSE - Domain-Specific Languages for Software Engineering(1) FTJP - Workshop on Formal Techniques for Java Programs(*) WFLP - International Workshop on Functional and (Constraint) Logic Programming (*) FOOL - International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented L anguages (*) SREIS - Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information Sec urity(*) HLPP - International workshop on High-level parallel programming and applications (*) INAP - International Conference on Applications of Prolog(*) MPOOL - Workshop on Multiparadigm Programming with OO Languages(*) PADO - Symposium on Programs as Data Objects(*) TOOLS: Int'l Conf Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems(*) Australasian Conference on Parallel And Real-Time SystemsAREA: Algorithms and TheoryRank 1:STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingFOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceCOLT: Computational Learning TheoryLICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceSCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometrySODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsSPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesPODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingISSAC: Intl. Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationCRYPTO: Advances in CryptologyEUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyRank 2:CONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryICALP: Intl Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgSTACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceCC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityWADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresMFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceSWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsIPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimization LFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceALT: Algorithmic Learning TheoryEUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryWDAG: Workshop on Distributed AlgorithmsISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and SystemsISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationFST&TCS: Foundations of S/W Tech & Theoretical CSLATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical Informatics RECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyCADE: Conf on Automated DeductionIEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryAsiacryptRank 3:MEGA: Methods Effectives en Geometrie AlgebriqueASIAN: Asian Computing Science ConfCCCG: Canadian Conf on Computational GeometryFCT: Fundamentals of Computation TheoryWG: Workshop on Graph TheoryCIAC: Italian Conf on Algorithms and ComplexityICCI: Advances in Computing and InformationAWTI: Argentine Workshop on Theoretical InformaticsCATS: The Australian Theory SympCOCOON: Annual Intl Computing and Combinatorics ConfUMC: Unconventional Models of ComputationMCU: Universal Machines and ComputationsGD: Graph DrawingSIROCCO: Structural Info & Communication ComplexityALEX: Algorithms and ExperimentsALG: ENGG Workshop on Algorithm EngineeringLPMA: Intl Workshop on Logic Programming and Multi-AgentsEWLR: European Workshop on Learning RobotsCITB: Complexity & info-theoretic approaches to biologyFTP: Intl Workshop on First-Order Theorem Proving (FTP)CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science Logic (CSL)AAAAECC: Conf On Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algms & ECCDMTCS: Intl Conf on Disc Math and TCSUn-ranked:Information Theory WorkshopAREA: Data BasesRank 1:SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataPODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsVLDB: Very Large Data BasesICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRank 2:SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesDEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsFODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationEDBT: Extending DB TechnologyDOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesDASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsCIKM: Intl. Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementSSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtCoopIS - Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsER - Intl Conf on Conceptual Modeling (ER)Rank 3:COMAD: Intl Conf on Management of DataBNCOD: British National Conference on DatabasesADC: Australasian Database ConferenceADBIS: Symposium on Advances in DB and Information Systems DaWaK - Data Warehousing and Knowledge DiscoveryRIDE WorkshopIFIP-DS: IFIP-DS ConferenceIFIP-DBSEC - IFIP Workshop on Database SecurityNGDB: Intl Symp on Next Generation DB Systems and AppsADTI: Intl Symp on Advanced DB Technologies and IntegrationFEWFDB: Far East Workshop on Future DB SystemsMDM - Int. Conf. on Mobile Data Access/Management (MDA/MDM) ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningVDB - Visual Database SystemsIDEAS - International Database Engineering and Application SymposiumOthers:ARTDB - Active and Real-Time Database SystemsCODAS: Intl Symp on Cooperative DB Systems for Adv AppsDBPL - Workshop on Database Programming LanguagesEFIS/EFDBS - Engineering Federated Information (Database) SystemsKRDB - Knowledge Representation Meets DatabasesNDB - National Database Conference (China)NLDB - Applications of Natural Language to Data BasesKDDMBD - Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining in Biological Databases Meeting FQAS - Flexible Query-Answering SystemsIDC(W) - International Database Conference (HK CS)RTDB - Workshop on Real-Time DatabasesSBBD: Brazilian Symposium on DatabasesWebDB - International Workshop on the Web and DatabasesWAIM: Interational Conference on Web Age Information Management(1) DASWIS - Data Semantics in Web Information Systems(1) DMDW - Design and Management of Data Warehouses(1) DOLAP - International Workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAP(1) DMKD - Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery(1) KDEX - Knowledge and Data Engineering Exchange Workshop(1) NRDM - Workshop on Network-Related Data Management(1) MobiDE - Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile Access(1) MDDS - Mobility in Databases and Distributed Systems(1) MEWS - Mining for Enhanced Web Search(1) TAKMA - Theory and Applications of Knowledge MAnagement(1) WIDM: International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management(1) W2GIS - International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems* CDB - Constraint Databases and Applications* DTVE - Workshop on Database Technology for Virtual Enterprises* IWDOM - International Workshop on Distributed Object Management* IW-MMDBMS - Int. Workshop on Multi-Media Data Base Management Systems* OODBS - Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems* PDIS: Parallel and Distributed Information SystemsAREA: MiscellaneousRank 1:Rank 2:AMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall SymposiumDNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersRank 3:MEDINFO: World Congress on Medical InformaticsInternational Conference on Sequences and their ApplicationsECAIM: European Conf on AI in MedicineAPAMI: Asia Pacific Assoc for Medical Informatics ConfSAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingICSC: Internal Computer Science ConferenceISCIS: Intl Symp on Computer and Information SciencesICSC2: International Computer Symposium ConferenceICCE: Intl Conf on Comps in EduEd-MediaWCC: World Computing CongressPATAT: Practice and Theory of Automated TimetablingNot Encouraged (NO INTENTION TO OFFEND THESE ORGANIZERS):International Multiconferences in Computer ScienceSCI: World Multi confs on systemics, sybernetics and informaticsSSGRR: International conf on Advances in Infrastructure for e-B, e-Edu and e-Science and e-MedicineIASTED conferences。
maxq1850 简要数据表说明书
Note:Some revisions of this device may incorporate deviations from published specifications known as errata. Multiple revisions of any device may be simultaneously available through various sales channels. For information about device errata, go to: /errata .MAXQ1850For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated’s website at .EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLEDeepCover Secure Microcontroller with RapidZeroization Technology and CryptographyABRIDGED DATA SHEET19-5265; Rev 4; 1/13General DescriptionDeepCover™ embedded security solutions cloak sensitive data under multiple layers of advanced physical security to provide the most secure key storage possible.The DeepCover Secure Microcontroller (MAXQ1850) is a low-power, 32-bit RISC device designed for electronic commerce, banking, and data security systems. It com-bines high-performance, single-cycle processing, sophis-ticated tamper-detection technology, and advanced cryptographic hardware to provide industry-leading data security and secret key protection.Physical security mechanisms include environmental sensors that detect out of range voltage or temperature conditions, responding with rapid zeroization of critical data. Four self-destruct inputs are provided for addition-al tamper response. An internal shield over the silicon provides protection from microprobe attacks. A high-speed internal ring oscillator is provided to thwart attacks that rely on controlling the clock rate of the chip.To protect data, the MAXQ1850 integrates several high-speed, analysis-resistant encryption engines. Algorithms supported in hardware include AES (128-, 192-, and 256-bit), DES, triple DES (2-key and 3-key), ECDSA (160-, 192-, and 256-bit keys), DSA, RSA (up to 2048bits), SHA-1, SHA-224, and SHA-256. The advanced security features of the MAXQ1850 are designed to meet the stringent requirements of regulations such as ITSEC E3 High, FIPS 140-2 Level 3, and the Common Criteria certifications.The MAXQ1850includes 256KB of flash memory and 8KB of secure, battery-backed data SRAM. Several communication protocols are supported with hardware engines, including ISO 7816 for smart card applications,USB (slave interface with four end-point buffers), an RS-232 universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver-transmitter (USART), an SPI interface (master or slave mode support), and up to 16 general-purpose I/O pins.Other peripherals supported on the MAXQ1850 include a true hardware random-number generator (RNG), a real-time clock (RTC), a programmable watchdog timer,and flexible 16-bit timers that support capture, compare,and pulse-width modulation (PWM) operations.Features♦High-Performance, Low-Power, 32-Bit MAXQ30RISC Core ♦Single 3.3V Supply Enables Low Power/Flexible Interfacing ♦DC to 16MHz Code Execution Across Entire Operating Range ♦65MHz Cryptography Engine Execution to Reduce Processing Time ♦On-Chip 2x/4x Clock Multiplier ♦33 Instructions♦16-Bit Instruction Word, 32-Bit Internal Data Bus ♦16 x 32-Bit Accumulators♦Up to 16 General-Purpose I/O Pins ♦5V Tolerant I/O♦Virtually Unlimited Software Stack♦Optimized for C-Compiler (High-Speed/Density Code)♦Memory Features ♦Security Features ♦Additional Peripherals ♦Low-Power ConsumptionApplicationsOrdering InformationPART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAXQ1850-BNS+ -40°C to +85°C 40 TQFN-EP* MAXQ1850-LNS+ -40°C to +85°C 49 CSBGA MAXQ1850-DNS+ -40°C to +85°C Bare die+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.*EP = Exposed pad.Selector Guide appears at end of data sheet.See the Detailed Features section for complete list of features.Electronic Commerce EMV ®Banking Secure Access Control Secure Data StoragePay-per-PlayCertificate Authentication Electronic Signature GenerationDeepCover is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.EMV is a registered trademark of EMVCo LLC.DeepCover Secure Microcontroller with Rapid Zeroization Technology and CryptographyMAXQ185012Maxim IntegratedABRIDGED DATA SHEETNote to readers: This document is an abridged version of the full data sheet. To request the full data sheet, go to /MAXQ1850and click on Request Full Data Sheet .CORE OSC ECDSARSA16KB ROM 8KB NV SRAMGPIOMAXQ30COREISO 7816SPIUSBUSART DSADES AES RNG TIMERSJTAG/DEBUG256KB FLASH CRYPTO OSC RTC PLL 32kHz12MHz MAXQ1850NOTE: THE BLOCK DIAGRAM SHOWS A TYPICAL SYSTEM CLOCK USED TO SUPPORT USB OPERATION AT 12MHz. MULTIPLE EXTERNAL CRYSTAL/CLOCK OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE.Block DiagramDetailed Features♦High-Performance, Low-Power, 32-Bit MAXQ30RISC Core ♦Single 3.3V Supply Enables Low Power/Flexible Interfacing ♦DC to 16MHz Code Execution Across Entire Operating Range ♦65MHz Cryptography Engine Execution to Reduce Processing Time ♦On-Chip 2x/4x Clock Multiplier ♦33 Instructions♦Three Independent Data Pointers Accelerate Data Movement with Automatic Increment/Decrement ♦16-Bit Instruction Word, 32-Bit Internal Data Bus ♦16 x 32-Bit Accumulators♦Up to 16 General-Purpose I/O Pins ♦5V Tolerant I/O♦Virtually Unlimited Software Stack♦Optimized for C-Compiler (High-Speed/Density Code)♦Memory Features256KB Flash, Composed of 2048 Byte Sectors (1K Erase/Write Cycles per Sector)8KB Battery-Backed Data SRAMDedicated Cryptographic Memory Space♦Security FeaturesUnique IDTamper Detection with Rapid Key/Data Destruction Four Self-Destruct InputsHardware AES and DES EnginesPublic Key Cryptographic Accelerator for DSA,ECDSA, and RSASupports SHA-1, SHA-224, and SHA-256Real Hardware RNG and PRNG Hardware CRC-32/16Unalterable, Battery-Backed Real-Time Clock ♦Additional PeripheralsPower-Fail WarningPower-On Reset/Brownout ResetJTAG I/F for System Programming and Accessing On-Chip Debugger USB I/F with Four End-Point Buffers ISO 7816 Smart Card UART with FIFOFour 16-Bit Timer/Counters, Two with PWM FunctionSPI and USART Communication Ports Programmable Watchdog Timer ♦Low-Power Consumption150nA Typical Current Draw in Battery-Backed Mode,Preserving 8KB NV SRAM and with Security Sensors Active (460nA with RTC Active)。
ARM针对linuxandroid开发工具DS5介绍
And extends it with custom plug-ins
7 CONFIDENTIAL
IDE
IDE
Flexible window management
Floating, docked, fast-view windows Supports dual screen
ARM Linux
Tested with the Free Software Foundation compiler
collection regression suite
Based on GCC 4.4.1 distribution Supported only via web forums
Supports the latest CoreSight IP
PTM instruction trace views STM events on timeline view Capture data with ETB and TMC
Trace enables
Non-intrusive analysis of complex
Linux, RTOS and other OSs
All ARM cores
Notes
The GNU Compiler for Linux is only supported via web forums The contents of the DS-5 Evaluation are the same as the Professional Edition, but
Fixes provided for old compiler versions
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6.6.1 Constant Propagation 6.6.2 Constant Folding 6.6.3 Copy Propagation 6.6.4 Forward Substitution 6.6.5 Reassociation 6.6.6 Algebraic Simpli cation 6.6.7 Strength Reduction 6.6.8 I/O Format Compilation 6.6.9 Superoptimizing 6.7 Redundancy Elimination 6.7.1 Unreachable Code Elimination 6.7.2 Useless Code Elimination 6.7.3 Dead Variable Elimination 6.7.4 Common Subexpression
Programmers wishing to enhance the performance of their code can use this survey to improve their understanding of the optimizations that compilers can perform, or as a reference for techniques to be applied manually. Students can obtain an overview of optimizing compiler technology. Compiler writers can use this survey as a reference for most of the important optimizations developed to date, and as a bibliographic reference for the details of each optimization. Readers are expected to be familiar with modern computer architecture and basic program compilation techniques.
6.1.1 Loop-based Strength Reduction 6.1.2 Induction Variable Elimina-
tion 6.1.3 Loop-invariant Code Motion 6.1.4 Loop Unswitching 6.2 Loop Reordering 6.2.1 Loop Interchange 6.2.2 Loop Skewing 6.2.3 Loop Reversal 6.2.4 Strip Mining 6.2.5 Cycle Shrinking 6.2.6 Loop Tiling 6.2.7 Loop Distribution 6.2.8 Loop Fusion 6.3 Loop Restructuring 6.3.1 Loop Unrolling 6.3.2 Software Pipelining 6.3.3 Loop Coalescing 6.3.4 Loop Collapsing 6.3.5 Loop Peeling 6.3.6 Loop Normalization 6.3.7 Loop Spreading 6.4 Loop Replacement Transformations 6.4.1 Reduction Recognition 6.4.2 Loop Idiom Recognition 6.4.3 Array Statement Scalarization 6.5 Memory Access Transformations 6.5.1 Array Padding 6.5.2 Scalar Expansion 6.5.3 Array Contraction 6.5.4 Scalar Replacement 6.5.5 Code Co-location 6.5.6 Displacement Minimization 6.6 Partial Evaluation
transformation
General Terms: Compilation, Optimization, Parallelism
Additional Key Words and Phrases: Vectorization, multiprocessors, superscalar processors, dependence analysis, locality
Categories and Subject Descriptors: Processors{compilers; optimization;
D.3.4 D.1.3
Programming Languages]: Programming Techniques]:
Concurrent
Programming; I.2.2 Arti cial Intelligence]: Automatic Programming{program
Compiler Transformations for High-Performance Computing
DAVID F. BACON1, SUSAN L. GRAHAM, AND VER J. SHARP Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
This survey is a comprehensive overview of the important high-level program restructuring techniques for imperative languages such as C and Fortran. Transformations for both sequential and various types of parallel architectures are covered in depth. We describe the purpose of each transformation, explain how to determine if it is legal, and give an example of its application.
and Alignment 7.1.3 Scalar Privatization 7.1.4 Array Privatization 7.1.5 Cache Alignment 7.2 Exposing Coarse-Grained Parallelism 7.2.1 Procedure Call Parallelization 7.2.2 Split 7.2.3 Graph Partitioning 7.3 Computation Partitioning 7.3.1 Guard Introduction 7.3.2 Redundant Guard Elimination 7.3.3 Bounds Reduction 7.4 Communication Optimization 7.4.1 Message Vectorization 7.4.2 Message Coalescing 7.4.3 Message Aggregation 7.4.4 Collective Communication 7.4.5 Message Pipelining 7.4.6 Redundant Communication
In the last three decades a large number of compiler transformations for optimizing programs have been implemented. Most optimizations for uniprocessors reduce the number of instructions executed by the program using transformations based on the analysis of scalar quantities and data- ow techniques. In contrast, optimizations for high-performance superscalar, vector, and parallel processors maximize parallelism and memory locality with transformations that rely on tracking the properties of arrays using loop dependence analysis.
1AUTHOR'S CURRENT ADDRESS: IBM T.J. WATSON RESEARCH CENTER, P.O. BOX 718, YORKTOWN HEIGHTS, N.Y., 10598
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1 SOURCE LANGUAGE 2 TRANSFORMATION ISSUES
This research has been sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract DABT63-92-C-0026, by NSF grant CDA-8722788, and by an IBM Resident Study Program Fellowship to David Bacon.
Elimination 7.5 SIMD Transformations 7.6 VLIW Transformations
Elimination 6.7.5 Short-Circuiting 6.8 Procedure Call Transformations 6.8.1 A Calling Convention for S-DLX 6.8.2 Leaf Procedure Optimization 6.8.3 Cross-call Register Allocation 6.8.4 Parameter Promotion 6.8.5 Procedure Inlining 6.8.6 Procedure Cloning 6.8.7 Loop Pushing 6.8.8 Tail Recursion Elimination 6.8.9 Function Memoization 7 TRANSFORMATIONS FOR PARALLEL MACHINES 7.1 Data Layout 7.1.1 Regular Array Decomposition 7.1.2 Automatic Decomposition