THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第4集-- 分裂)
EN 420-2003+A1-2009
© 2009 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 420:2003+A1:2009: E
EN 420:2003+A1:2009 (E)
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
EUROPEABiblioteka STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.40
EN 420:2003+A1
November 2009
Supersedes EN 420:2003
English Version
Protective gloves - General requirements and test methods
Contents
page
Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5 Normative references ............................................................................................................................5 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6 General requirements ............................................................................................................................7 Glove design and construction — General .........................................................................................7 Resistance of glove materials to water penetration...........................................................................7 Innocuousness of protective gloves ...................................................................................................8 Cleaning ..................................................................................................................................................8 Electrostatic properties .........................................................................................................................9 Comfort and efficiency ..........................................................................................................................9 Sizing ......................................................................................................................................................9 Dexterity............................................................................................................................................... 11 Water vapour transmission and absorption .................................................................................... 11 Test procedures .................................................................................................................................. 11 Hand and glove measurement and dimensions .............................................................................. 11 Test method for determining gloved finger dexterity ..................................................................... 12 Test method for determination of water vapour transmission ...................................................... 13 Test method for determination of water vapour absorption .......................................................... 16 Marking and information .................................................................................................................... 18 General ................................................................................................................................................. 18 Marking ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Information supplied by the manufacturer ...................................................................................... 19
THE STORY OF US 字幕(我们的故事12集全)
THE STORY OF US 字幕[00:01.00]原创翻译：YYeTs人人影视HDTV版本时间轴调整：TruthBear [00:05.10][00:07.47]回顾美国独立与革新的历程History has earned some inspiring look[00:10.11][00:10.13]让我们看到了历史鼓舞人心的一面at how self-determination and innovation made America.[00:14.78][00:17.46]现在有请美利坚合众国总统作特别介绍Now, a special introduction from the President of United States.[00:23.09][00:23.35]晚上好Good evening.[00:24.37][00:24.79]两百多年前全世界拭目以待Over two hundred years ago, the world waited and watched to see[00:28.60][00:28.62]美国独立这个看似不可能的尝试能否成功if an unlikely experiment called America would succeed[00:31.98][00:32.52]美国终于独立了不是因为必然也并非轻而易举It has. Not because the success was certain, or because it was easy,[00:36.62][00:36.64]而是因为几代美国人为了一个无比崇高的理想but because generations of Americans dedicated their lives[00:39.90]奉献出了自己宝贵的生命与无上的荣耀and the sacred honor to a cause greater than themselves.[00:43.11][00:43.87]在历史发生巨大变革时这一点尤为突出This has been especially true in moments of great trial[00:47.29][00:47.69]当一群身处底层的爱国者为了争取when a ragtag group of patriots overthrew an empire[00:50.56]生存自由与追求幸福的权利而推翻帝王统治时to secure the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,[00:53.93][00:54.22]当一位伊利诺伊州的扳道工when an Illinois rail splitter[00:56.09][00:54.22]美国前总统林肯曾在该州当过扳道工[01:01.29][00:56.11]向我们证明无论何时proved for all time that[00:57.79]一个"民有民治民享"的政府才能长久the government of, by and for the people would endure.[01:01.29][01:01.56]当游行队伍以人人平等自由和公正的名义when marchers' brave beatings on the Alabama bridge[01:04.67][01:04.69]用有力的步伐震撼亚拉巴马大桥时in the name of equality, freedom and justice for all.[01:08.23][01:08.56]这些历史时刻在提醒我们Moments like these remind us[01:09.95]美国的传奇从来都不是必然that our American stories have never been inevitable, [01:12.02][01:12.59]它们都是由平凡的人们创造而来those made possible by ordinary people,[01:14.49][01:14.51]他们的道德罗盘始终指向正直与真实who kept moral compass pointed straight and true[01:17.05]纵然前途未卜when the way seemed treacherous,[01:18.71][01:18.80]纵然山高路险when the climb seemed steep,[01:20.46]纵然凶吉难定when the future seemed uncertain,[01:22.35][01:22.85]他们被誉为people who were recognized[01:24.13]美利坚精神大厦的基石as the fundamental part of our American character.[01:26.49][01:26.79]我们能改善自己We can remake ourselves,[01:28.40]改善我们的国家以实现更大的梦想and our nation to fit our larger dreams. [01:30.97][01:31.58]今晚通过这部纪录片Tonight, thorough the series,[01:33.30][01:33.31]我希望你能受到这群卓越的男人和女人的启发I hope you'd be inspired by these extraordinary men and women,[01:36.87][01:37.12]并且思考一下我们这代人and think about how this generation[01:39.24]将会如何书写伟大的美国传奇的新篇章will write the next chapter in our great American story.[01:42.53][01:43.06]谢谢预祝观赏愉快Thank you, and enjoy the show.[01:44.76][00:00.00]■[00:03.00][01:58.33]我们是民族融合的国家We are a land of many nations.[02:01.04][02:01.59]我们是新世界的探索者We are New World explorers.[02:04.38][02:04.99]我们是团结的平民We are the huddled masses.[02:07.24][02:07.68]我们渴望自由Yearning to breathe freedom,[02:09.66][02:09.75]并为此不惧牺牲we'll risk it all.[02:11.35][02:12.17]我们敢于梦想看似不可能的梦We have the courage to dream the impossible, [02:14.44]并使之成为现实and make it the truth.[02:15.96][02:16.34]我们坚持到底We stand our ground.[02:18.23][02:18.72]挑战宿命义无反顾Charge headlong towards our destiny.[02:21.90][02:31.77] 美国:我们的故事[02:36.37][02:43.50] 第一集反抗者[02:48.28][02:45.91]满载着商人与信徒的船只Shiploads of businessmen and true believers[02:48.72]正在横渡大西洋以期建立一个新世界are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world.[02:53.93][02:55.78]1610年5月May 1610.[02:57.84]在哥伦布发现新大陆的120年后120 years after Columbus,[03:01.07]这仍是一段危险的旅程it's still a perilous journey.[03:02.97][03:04.70]其中的一艘"解放号"上One ship, The Deliverance,[03:06.75]载着一样即将永久改变美国的货物carries a cargo that will change America forever. [03:09.69][03:10.77]都来帮忙啊All hands over here.[03:12.28]船上是24岁的英国农民约翰·罗尔夫Onboard is John Rolfe, a 24-year-old English farmer.[03:17.68][03:18.19]他有野心有自信有远见Ambitious, self-reliant, visionary.[03:21.26][03:21.27]是位天生的企业家A born entrepreneur.[03:23.55][03:23.73]这段在今天乘飞机只需六个小时的旅程What takes us six hours today by plane [03:26.51]在当时却需要至少两个月was then a voyage of more than two months.[03:29.42][03:31.19]早期冒险者中十个中有七个Seven of the early adventurers out of every ten [03:34.02][03:34.03]活不过第一年will be dead within a year.[03:36.09][03:36.23]喂看见陆地了Land ahoy![03:37.57][03:38.52]但是冒险是值得的But the risks are worth it.[03:40.41][03:42.24]北美大陆是终极机遇之地North America is the ultimate land of opportunity. [03:45.51][03:57.10]一块拥有大量待开发资源的大陆A continent of vast untapped wealth.[04:00.22][04:01.41]首先是所有资源中最有价值的... Starting with the most valuable resource of all... [04:04.21][04:05.73]土地land.[04:07.22][04:11.81]这块后来成为三亿多人家园的土地What will be home to more than 300 million people[04:15.14][04:15.15]有几乎一半的面积被成片的森林覆盖着lies under a blanket of forest covering nearly half the land.[04:19.73][04:20.09]共有超过五百亿棵树More than 50 billion trees.[04:22.79][04:28.28]再往西就是九百万平方英里的美洲荒原Further west, 9 million square miles of vast American wilderness.[04:33.48][04:34.64]六千万只美洲野牛在平原上狂奔60 million bison roam the plains.[04:37.57][04:47.20]在地下据说有钻石白银... And underground,there are rumors of gems, silver... [04:52.42][04:54.24]和世界上最大的黄金矿层and the largest seams of gold in the world.[04:57.33]黄金国西班牙人理想中南美洲的宝藏[05:01.29][04:57.33]移民们预期黄金储量不亚于理想中的黄金国The settlers expect nothing less than El Dorado.[05:01.29][05:16.43]但罗尔夫在英国殖民地詹姆斯敦看到的... But what Rolfe finds at the English settlement of Jamestown...[05:19.98][05:20.40]是人间地狱is hell on Earth.[05:22.49][05:25.88]在罗尔夫之前已有五百多名移民先期到达More than 500 settlers made the journey before Rolfe.[05:29.50][05:29.63]有人吗Hello?[05:31.00][05:32.67]有人吗Hello?[05:33.29]只有六十人活了下来Barely 60 remain.[05:35.33][05:36.87]当时正是"饥荒时期" It's called "The Starving Time".[05:40.56][05:42.64]在吃完了马和其它动物之后Having fed on horses and other animals,[05:46.22]我们吃掉了靴子鞋子we ate boots, shoes,[05:48.88]和其它任何能找到的皮革and any other leather we came across.[05:51.53]谁来救救我啊Somebody, help![05:52.86]就在罗尔夫到达三个月前Three months before Rolfe arrives,[05:54.80]有人因杀害自己怀孕的妻子并企图吃尸体a man is burned at the stake for killing his pregnant wife[05:58.15]而被处以火刑and planning to eat her.[06:00.01][06:04.45]这些英国人毫无准备地来到了这个新世界The English arrive unprepared for this new world[06:08.13]并且不愿从事体力劳动and unwilling to perform manual labor.[06:11.03][06:12.17]他们带来的不是牲畜Instead of livestock,[06:13.38]而是检测黄金的化学试剂they've brought chemical tests for gold...[06:16.81]但他们从未找到任何黄金that they never find.[06:18.70][06:21.64]并且这里也不是他们的地盘And this is not their land.[06:24.65][06:27.81]詹姆斯敦建在一个北美原住民部落领地中间They build Jamestownin the middle of a Native American empire.[06:31.72][06:33.28]60名食不果腹的移民被2万个波瓦坦族人包围60 starving settlers among 20,000 of the Powhatan Nation,[06:38.38]这些原住民的弓箭armed with bows and arrows[06:40.31]要比需要重新装子弹的英国滑膛枪that are up to nine times faster to reload and fire [06:43.93]快9倍than an English musket.[06:44.92][06:47.72]双方很快就成了敌人They're soon enemies.[06:50.24][06:52.58]最初的移民中只有一成活了下来Only one in ten of the original settlers is left. [06:56.26][06:59.80]约翰·罗尔夫没有像其他人一样John Rolfe didn't come to plunder and leave [07:02.35]劫掠之后扬长而去like the others.[07:03.81][07:05.42]他有自己的计划He's got his own plan.[07:07.33][07:09.59]烟草的利润很高并且在英国国内很有市场There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted.[07:13.60][07:17.56]他带来了一批南美烟草的种子He's arrived with a supply of South American tobacco seeds,[07:20.98]但当时只有西班牙殖民地出产这种作物but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies.[07:26.72]西班牙人因此控制了烟草国际贸易The Spanish control the worldwide trade. [07:29.81][07:31.79]在当时向外国人出售烟草种子会被处以死刑Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death.[07:35.92][07:37.47]但约翰·罗尔夫还是想办法弄到了一些But John Rolfe has got his hands on some. [07:40.20]没人知道他是怎么做到的No one knows how.[07:42.10][07:43.17]在切萨皮克湾的暖湿气候And in the warm, humid climate[07:44.98]和肥沃土地的滋养下and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay,[07:47.25][07:48.20]罗尔夫的烟草长势喜人Rolfe's tobacco crop flourishes.[07:50.99][07:52.11]这些烟草种子带来的首次大丰收The first large harvest produced by these seeds [07:55.19]即使放在今天价值也超过一百万美元is worth more than a million dollars in today's money.[07:58.50][07:58.65]美国前进的伟大动力就是我们的人民The great strength of America is our people. [08:02.02]如果你想知道如何定义美国前进的动力If you wanna know what it is the defining strength of America,[08:04.25][08:02.18]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][08:06.18][08:04.25]答案就是我们的人民我们的移民传统it is our people, our immigrant tradition, [08:08.01]我们兼容并蓄的文化our bringing in cultures from all over the world.[08:11.60]我知道成功是怎么回事I know what goes into making success.[08:14.22]真正的成功很少是运气的因素And when somebody's really successful, it's rarely luck.[08:18.86][08:14.50]唐纳德·J·特朗普[美国地产大亨][08:19.50][08:18.86]而是天分智力还有许多其它的因素It's talent, it's brain power, it's lots of other things.[08:23.30][08:23.83]罗尔夫娶了波瓦坦部落联盟首领的女儿Rolfe marries the daughter of the king of the Powhatan Empire.[08:27.70][08:29.73]她的名字已成为传奇波卡洪塔斯Her name becomes legend: Pocahontas. [08:33.88][08:34.89]罗尔夫使她在英国家喻户晓In England, Rolfe makes her a celebrity[08:37.04]她的肖像被当做新世界生活的广告when her face is put on a portrait that sells all over London,[08:40.38]在整个伦敦热卖advertising life in the New World.[08:46.03]莎士比亚在作品中提起过殖民地Shakespeare mentions the colony.[08:48.05][08:48.06]英国的有钱人都往这里投资England's rich invest money here.[08:50.39]所有的伦敦人都知道这片富饶的土地All of London knows about this land of plenty. [08:54.09][08:58.68]在两年内烟草进入了千家万户的菜园Within two years, tobacco grows in every garden.[09:02.67][09:04.30]詹姆斯敦由人间地狱变成了美国第一座兴旺之城From a living hell, Jamestown is America's first boomtown.[09:09.47][09:13.66]两年后又有近一千名移民来到了这里Two years later, nearly 1,000 more settlers arrive,[09:17.25]其中的19人来自非洲西部including 19 from West Africa.[09:20.18][09:21.32]奴隶Slaves.[09:22.47][09:24.87]但其中一些人后来在弗吉尼亚有了自己的土地But some go on to own their own land in Virginia.[09:28.22][09:33.37]在詹姆斯敦建立12年后12 years after the founding of Jamestown,[09:36.49][09:33.80]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][09:38.80][09:36.49]黑人在殖民地的形成过程中起到了重要作用Africans were playing a shaping role in the creation of the colonies.[09:42.56]这一点非常惊人That's pretty incredible.[09:44.38][09:45.47]30年后弗吉尼亚的移民超过了两万人30 years later, there are over 20,000 settlers in Virginia.[09:49.91][09:51.75]可以说没有烟草就没有美国America is founded on tobacco.[09:54.80][09:55.14]在接下来的一个半世纪里For the next century and a half,[09:56.99][09:57.00]它一直是这块大陆最主要的出口产品it's the continent's largest export.[09:59.36][10:11.41]在罗尔夫抵达詹姆斯敦的十年后Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, [10:14.92]又有一批英国移民登上了北美大陆another group of English settlers lands in North America.[10:18.38][10:25.94]他们在一处荒凉的海滩靠岸They come ashore on a deserted beach[10:28.94]这里距詹姆斯敦的海岸有450英里450 miles up the coast from Jamestown,[10:32.18]他们把此地命名为"普利茅斯" and call the place Plymouth1,[10:34.62]以纪念他们起航的英国港口after the English port they sailed from.[10:37.61][10:39.29]他们是移民大潮里的另一朵浪花These are a different breed of settler,[10:42.14]一群信仰不同但都热爱生活的人a group of religious dissidents with faith at the center of their lives.[10:46.65][10:49.57]他们成功横渡了危险的大西洋They made the dangerous Atlantic crossing,[10:51.85]希望能在新世界找到信仰自由seeking religious freedom in the New World.[10:54.82][10:58.90]24岁的印刷学徒爱德华·温斯洛24-year-old apprentice printer Edward Winslow [11:02.96]是和一群清教徒一起arrives with a group of religious sectarians[11:06.70]乘坐"五月花号"来到这里的on a boat called the Mayflower.[11:09.65][11:11.64]1621年4月他们的殖民地逐渐成型By April 1621, their settlement is taking shape. [11:16.43][11:16.57]"五月花号"返航英国The Mayflower returns to England.[11:19.96][11:25.18]他们只能在这片陌生的土地上自力更生了The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land.[11:29.60][11:30.75]我们充满希望与热情地A great hope and inward zeal we had[11:34.14]在这块遥远的土地上of laying some great foundation[11:36.45]为子孙后代的繁衍生息for the propagating and advancing[11:38.48]和天国福音的传播the gospel of the kingdom of Christ,[11:40.28][11:40.38]奠定坚实的基础in those remote parts of the world.[11:43.13][11:44.41]十九个家庭They're 19 families.[11:46.52]饲养着山羊鸡猪狗Goats, chickens, pigs and dogs.[11:50.07][11:50.08]他们还有手纺车椅子书籍和枪支They have spinning wheels, chairs, books, guns.[11:55.20][11:56.97]而且没有回头路And no way home.[11:58.88][11:59.08]只要把这个地方描绘成机遇之地If you create this environment as a land of opportunity,[12:02.85][12:02.74]迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][12:07.74][12:02.85]就能吸引到那些then you're gonna attract those type of people[12:07.35][12:07.36]愿意冒险愿意赌一回的人who wanna take that risk, who have-- wanna take that[12:12.20]和那些坚信生活会更好的人and who believe in a better life.[12:16.01][12:17.22]他们的目的地原本是哈德逊河口They were heading for the Hudson River,[12:19.71]然而靠岸地点却向北偏了200英里but they've landed 200 miles further north [12:23.33]时间正是初冬at the beginning of winter.[12:25.36][12:27.71]当时正值一个小型冰期They have arrived in the middle of a mini ice age,[12:30.68]气温普遍比现在低2度temperatures 2 degrees colder than today.[12:33.92][12:37.00]冬天更长适合作物生长的时间更短Winters are longer, growing seasons shorter. [12:40.71][12:48.01]土地贫瘠The soil is poor.[12:49.94][12:50.23]颗粒无收Little grows.[12:51.94][12:52.42]食物严重短缺Food supplies run low.[12:54.60][12:57.58]在前三个月中超过一半的清教徒死于饥荒In the first three months, more than half the Pilgrims die.[13:01.14][13:04.93]威廉·布莱福特是一位社区总督William Bradford is the governor of a community [13:07.93]他所辖的社区很快陷入了困境soon in desperate trouble.[13:09.77][13:10.58]上帝似乎喜欢每天以死亡问候我们It pleased God to visit us with death daily. [13:14.77][13:14.99]疾病蔓延Disease was everywhere.[13:17.41][13:17.69]活着的人几乎没有力气埋葬死人The living were scarcely able to bury the dead. [13:21.29][13:21.76]有时一天就有两三个人去世They died sometimes two or three a day.[13:24.99][13:25.44]在这一百多人中只有不到五十人幸存下来Of 100 and odd persons, scarce 50 remained.[13:30.49][13:32.26]有时只有六个人能有足够的力气At times, only six are fit enough[13:36.22]继续盖房子to continue building their shelters.[13:37.45][13:40.11]苏珊娜·怀特的丈夫死于第一年冬天Susanna White's husband dies that first winter. [13:43.28][13:46.15]爱德华·温斯洛的妻子也在一个月后去世Edward Winslow's wife perishes a month after.[13:49.61][13:51.46]几个星期后怀特和温斯洛结婚了Within weeks, White and Winslow marry.[13:55.78]他们后来有了五个孩子They'll have five children.[13:57.59][13:59.61]在今天超过10%的美国人Today more than 10% of all Americans[14:03.11]家谱可以追溯到"五月花号"上can trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. [14:06.06][14:16.58]普利茅斯一度成为了他们所寻求的避难所For a time, Plymouth provides the sanctuary they sought.[14:20.56][14:20.83]爱德华Edward![14:22.80][14:23.07]爱德华Edward![14:24.96][14:25.42]爱德华快去看看那边Edward, please go and look over there![14:28.54][14:29.61]但和詹姆斯敦一样他们也不是这里的主人But like Jamestown,there were others here first.[14:33.69][14:44.37]1621年4月April 1621.[14:47.15][14:47.36]清教徒们来到新世界已经五个月了The Pilgrims have been in the New World for five months.[14:50.51][14:50.55]只有一半的人挺过了第一年冬天Barely half survive the first winter.[14:53.47][14:54.55]但他们不是第一批来到这片海岸的欧洲人But they're not the first Europeans to arrive on this coast.[14:58.46][15:00.12]五年前欧洲轮船带来了白人移民和瘟疫Five years before, European ships brought light-skinned people and plague.[15:06.21][15:06.37]几乎九成的原住民因此丧生Almost nine out of ten of the local people are wiped out.[15:10.20][15:19.28]波卡诺基特人不需要敌人The Pokanoket people don't need enemies.[15:22.42]他们和清教徒和平共处They make peace with the Pilgrims.[15:24.74][15:25.73]他们教会了英国人They teach the English[15:27.33]如何用鱼做肥料在沙土中种庄稼how to grow crops in sandy soil, using fish for fertilizer.[15:31.33][15:34.99]但他们想要回报But they want something in return.[15:37.27][15:38.60]他们有一个宿敌另一个敌对部落They have a common enemy--a rival tribe.[15:42.43][15:42.55]而英国人拥有强大的武器And the English have powerful weapons.[15:45.74][15:52.87]清教徒们并不是军人The Pilgrims aren't soldiers.[15:54.89]但在这个新世界But in the New World,[15:56.44]他们不得不为了生存而战they have to fight to survive.[15:58.34][16:02.73]1621年8月14日On August 14, 1621,[16:05.50]清教徒和波卡诺基特人准备联手Pilgrims and Pokanoket, shoulder to shoulder, [16:08.98][16:08.99]发动一次突袭will launch a surprise attack[16:11.45]这次突袭将决定他们在这片土地的未来that will seal their future in this new land. [16:14.52][16:14.54]这次一共出动了14名男子It was resolved to send 14 men,[16:17.48]装备精良well-armed,[16:18.98]准备在深夜一举擒下这个部落and to fall upon them in the night.[16:21.14][16:21.93]首领下了命令不要放过任何一个The captain gave charge: Let none pass out. [16:26.50][16:50.71]对方部落猝不及防The rival tribe doesn't know what hit them.[16:53.88][16:55.95]被团团包围Surrounded,[16:57.48]对英国枪火毫无还手之力they have no answer for English firepower.[16:59.98][17:01.37]波卡诺基特人和清教徒们Pokanoket and Pilgrims[17:03.20]找到了彼此之间的共同点find common ground...[17:04.54][17:05.23]也发现了共同生存的机会and a chance to survive.[17:07.32][17:14.14]意想不到的同盟结成了Two unlikely allies.[17:16.72]这种同盟关系在北美极为罕见A partnership all too rare in North America. [17:20.69][17:22.67]我们发现印第安人We have found the Indians[17:24.62]非常遵守与我们达成的和平公约very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. [17:28.03][17:28.11]他们没有任何宗教信仰They are people without any religion[17:30.39]不知神灵为何物or knowledge of any God,[17:32.29]却非常值得信赖yet very trusty,[17:34.82]反应很快quick of apprehension,[17:37.58][17:37.59]机智无比而且有极强的正义感ripe-witted... and just.[17:40.34][17:41.78]他们的胜利给殖民地带来了Their victory brings[17:43.72][17:43.73]很长一段时间的和平a period of peace to the colony.[17:45.18][17:45.23]他们以一场盛宴来庆祝彼此的友谊Their friendship is celebrated in a feast.[17:48.42][17:48.51]那就是感恩节的由来In time, it will become known as Thanksgiving.[17:52.23][17:53.16]开拓美洲的目的之一One of the main themes in the founding of America[17:56.53][17:53.63] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][18:02.80][17:56.53]是为了找一个可以扩大生意was a place to do business,[18:00.71]扩展视野的地方a place to expand your horizons,[18:02.80]一个可以过你自己愿意过的生活 a place to live a life of your own,[18:05.01]信仰自己愿意信仰的宗教的地方practice your own religion.[18:06.95]这些基本理念Those are the basic themes[18:09.07]使得许多人飘洋过海来开拓殖民地that brought people to these shores to colonize. [18:12.79][18:18.82]这是一个繁荣时代的开端It's the start of a period of prosperity,[18:22.02]将完全改变北美that will transform North America.[18:24.23][18:27.50]从詹姆斯敦和普利茅斯开始From Jamestown and Plymouth,[18:29.74]殖民者的后代遍布整个大陆their descendants grow across the landscape.[18:32.55][18:37.06]越来越多的人越过大西洋As more and more people cross the Atlantic--[18:40.08]成千上万thousands, tens of thousands,[18:43.04]不同背景的人带着不同的理由来到这里people with different backgrounds, different reasons for being here...[18:47.80][18:51.58]美利坚成为了全世界的人都渴望到达的地方America becomes the place for everybody from everywhere.[18:55.34][18:58.16]大家孤注一掷Rolling the dice,[18:59.74]汇聚到一起形成了最初的13个殖民地coming together to create 13 colonies. [19:03.11][19:03.72]农业从詹姆斯敦传播到了南方From Jamestown, agriculture spreads across the South,[19:07.94]以前脏乱的小农庄也变成了大的种植园农场dirt farms transform into sprawling plantations.[19:12.01][19:12.88]爱尔兰人德国人和瑞典人不断向前推进Irish, Germans,and Swedes push back the frontier.[19:17.33][19:19.40]荷兰人将他们的生意带到了The Dutch bring commerce to[19:20.77]哈德逊河口处的一个小岛上a small island at the mouth of the Hudson River.[19:23.62][19:25.74]后来这里被命名为纽约In time, it will be named New York.[19:28.99][19:30.34]比起留在欧洲的同胞The colonists are 2 inches taller,[19:32.56]移民们平均要高2英寸也更加健康and far healthier, than those they left behind in Europe.[19:36.24][19:36.52]平均每个清教徒家庭养了8个小孩The Puritans average eight children,[19:39.86]孩子活到成年的比例是欧洲同胞的两倍and they are twice as likely to survive to adulthood.[19:43.13][19:44.14]比欧洲同胞更富有20% They are 20% richer[19:46.15]赋税只相当于英国本土的1/4 and pay only 1/4 of the taxes of those in England. [19:49.70][19:49.83]许多人仍然认为自己是英国人Many still think of themselves as British,[19:52.93]但是随着一代一代的成长but each generation grows[19:54.89]这种意识越来越淡薄further from its roots.[19:56.24][19:57.77]这一现象在波士顿尤为突出Nowhere more so than Boston.[20:00.35][20:01.37]1768年5月9日May 9, 1768.[20:04.37][20:04.47]到了约翰·罗尔夫首次烟草收成以来的第七代Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest,[20:08.27]英国人想要分更大的一杯羹the British want a bigger piece of the action.[20:11.72][20:17.26]英国海关官员发动了对"自由号"的突袭A British customs official springs a surprise raid on The Liberty,[20:21.47]它是约翰·汉考克的船a ship belonging to John Hancock,[20:24.37]他是波士顿最富有的人之一one of the richest men in Boston.[20:26.20][20:28.73]但汉考克的船员另有企图But Hancock's crew has other ideas.[20:31.64][20:38.70]他们偷运了100桶进口酒不想交税They're carrying 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty.[20:44.05][20:46.22]对于远在3000英里以外的国王It's a radical act of rebellion[20:48.43]此举不啻于公然的抗税against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away.[20:53.04][20:55.00]对于英国当局来说他们就是走私To the British, they're just common smugglers. [20:58.56][20:59.84]这场贸易前哨战改变了一切This mall skirmish changes everything.[21:02.74][21:02.75]英国当局扣押了汉考克的船The British seize Hancock's ship,[21:04.95]此举引发了整个波士顿的骚乱triggering riots that sweep through Boston.[21:07.87][21:08.12]我们不想缴税给国王We didn't wanna pay taxes to a king[21:10.88]不想缴税给一个我们没有发言权and to a parliament where we didn't have a voice,[21:13.68][21:10.98] 阿伦·索尔金[剧作家][21:14.88][21:13.68]也没有任何议员代表我们的议会and we didn't have any representation.[21:15.54][21:16.18]我们美国人天生就对政府有种怨恨We have a natural resentment toward government,[21:18.75]也正因此我们才得以独立which was how we were born.[21:22.35][21:24.41]英国国王派了4000名士兵到波士顿去执法The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws.[21:29.64][21:30.64]波士顿是贸易之城文化之城Boston was a city of commerce, culture,[21:34.68]文明之城也是革命之城civilization, and revolution,[21:36.70] 小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][21:41.45][21:36.70]就是在殖民者到来之后英国人到来后unfolding right before the eyes of the colonists[21:39.45]发展起来的and the eyes of the British.[21:41.54][21:49.73]1768年10月October 1768.[21:52.24][21:52.42]英国士兵紧紧钳制着波士顿British soldiers clamp down on Boston,[21:55.47]它是通往大英帝国的关键港口a port crucial to the British Empire...[21:58.28][21:59.34]也是全球商业贸易的枢纽and a hub of global trade and commerce.[22:02.39][22:07.92]它的造船厂是世界最繁忙的船厂之一Its dockyards are some of the busiest in the world,[22:11.13]利用美国海量的木材储备年产200艘船producing 200 ships a year from America's vast timber reserves.[22:16.58][22:18.77]英国1/3的船都是在殖民地建造的1/3 of all British shipping is built in the colonies. [22:22.79][22:25.60]木材供给支持着全球经济的发展Timber fuels the global economy...[22:28.20][22:29.74]就像当今的石油一样much like oil does today.[22:31.97][22:38.23]整个新英格兰境内Across New England,[22:40.12]最高最粗壮的树都被做上了记号marks identify the tallest, strongest trees[22:42.51]他们将被用来建造英国船只selected by the crown for British ships.[22:45.32][22:47.12]英国的大部分森林已不复存在England has lost most of its forests.[22:49.98][22:50.22]所以把目光投向了美国的森林It wants American wood.[22:52.25][22:56.95]在波士顿每四个市民就有一名英国士兵In Boston, there's one redcoat for every four citizens.[23:01.18][23:02.14]整个城市完全被控制了It's a city under occupation.[23:04.64][23:07.12]保罗·里维尔是一名银匠Paul Revere is a silversmith[23:10.07]也是波士顿知名大商人之一and one of Boston's prominent businessmen...[23:12.04][23:12.51]一点都不像危险分子an unlikely subversive.[23:14.81]傲慢的英国兵浩浩荡荡地进城They formed and marched with insolent parade, [23:17.93][23:18.82]军乐阵阵旗帜飞扬drums beating, fifes playing, and colors flying,[23:23.01]每名士兵都配发了16发弹药each soldier having received 16 rounds of powder and ball.[23:27.30][23:27.49]他是典型的中上层阶级He is an upper-middle-class figure,[23:30.67]全靠自身努力奋斗得到现有的一切someone who has risen through his own efforts, his own talent.[23:34.20][23:34.21]他代表了这样一群人He represents what we have created on our own[23:37.62][23:35.67]理查德·诺顿·史密斯[乔治梅森大学历史学家][23:37.67][23:37.62]几乎不靠英国亲友帮忙白手起家with very little help from our cousins across the Atlantic.[23:42.14][23:42.31]但是当北美革命一触即发时But when revolution comes to North America... [23:45.03][23:47.44]里维尔将身处革命的最前沿Revere will beat the center of it.[23:50.39][24:57.08]包括波士顿在内的13个殖民地Boston and the 13 colonies[24:59.40]可以说是英国经济发展的发电站are an economic powerhouse,[25:01.55]对英国来说至关重要critical to Britain.[25:02.94][25:07.36]英国出口的物品将近40%都来到了美国Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America.[25:12.33][25:15.58]捕鱼船队将成千上万吨的腌鳕鱼运往加勒比海The fishing fleet ships thousands of tons of salted cod to the Caribbean.[25:20.15][25:22.96]又将糖和糖蜜运往英国Returns with sugar and molasses...[25:25.51][25:25.68]那些都是制作朗姆酒的原料raw material for rum.[25:27.89][25:28.96]每一项进出口贸易都要向英国交税Taxed by the British after every exchange. [25:32.38][25:35.73]在非洲朗姆酒被当作货币In Africa, rum is the currency used[25:38.06]可以用来购买最赚钱的货to purchase the most profitable cargo of all...[25:41.23][25:45.82]非洲黑奴African slaves.[25:47.87][25:49.41]在1700年到1800年间Between 1700 and 1800,[25:52.39]超过25万的非洲人被运往美国殖民地more than 1/4 of a million Africans are brought to the American colonies.[25:57.03][25:57.28]大都是被强迫做了奴隶而非自愿前去More slaves than all those who came of their own free will.[26:01.24][26:05.15]大部分人被送往南方大种植园Most wind up on large plantations in the South. [26:08.69][26:08.80]不过黑人对美国北方经济发展也至关重要But they're also critical to the economy of the North.[26:11.99][26:12.10]波士顿10%的人口是黑人10% of Boston's population is black.[26:15.82][26:16.54]波士顿就像一个大熔炉气氛越发紧张Boston is a melting pot, and tension is building.[26:20.53][26:21.41]没有人喜欢自己家里有侵略者Nobody likes invaders in their homes.[26:23.68] 安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学教授][26:30.78][26:23.68]让外国人来到这片土地To have people here, foreigners on your soil,[26:27.57]某种程度上反而激励了人们去战斗is something-- is a great incentive for people to fight.[26:30.78][26:32.24]1770年3月5日March 5, 1770.[26:34.60][26:35.49]持续三天的动乱后After three days of unrest,[26:37.68]一群暴民游荡在大街小巷中an angry mob roams the streets.[26:40.31]成百上千的人没了工作Hundreds of men who lost their jobs[26:42.16]他们聚集到国王街咒骂英国当局and blame the British gather on King Street[26:46.09][26:46.79]和八个被下令不准开枪的英国士兵对峙and face off against eight redcoats with orders not to fire.[26:51.55][26:53.07]接下来发生的事情彻底改写了美国历史What's about to happen will change America forever.[26:57.46][26:58.78]17岁的制假发学徒A 17-year-old wig maker'sapprentice,[27:01.02]爱德华·加里克点燃了导火线Edward Garrick, lights the fuse.[27:04.47][27:09.18]战斗是这样开始的This is how wars start.[27:11.95][27:20.49]兄弟们上Come on, let's have it![27:22.91][27:26.09]士兵休·蒙哥马利被打了一棒Private Hugh Montgomery is hit with a club.[27:29.11][28:04.48]非裔美国人克里斯珀斯·阿塔克斯An African-American, Crispus Attucks,[28:08.12]当场死亡dies instantly.[28:08.81][28:12.58]大家跑啊Everybody, run![28:14.36][28:31.13]硝烟散尽时又死了四个人When the smoke clears, four more are dead.[28:34.74][28:37.91]波士顿如何回应将改变历史的发展进程How Boston reacts will change the course of history.[28:41.84][28:45.69]既是银匠Silversmith[28:46.20]又是政治激进分子的保罗·里维尔and political radical Paul Revere[28:48.76]雕出了英国士兵在波士顿街头captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists[28:50.54]杀死五个殖民地人的画面in the streets of Boston.[28:53.76][28:55.28]他的雕刻将加速革命的爆发His engraving will fuel the fires of revolution[28:58.88]愤怒之火迅速在13个殖民地之间蔓延开来as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies.[29:02.98][29:04.11]波城愤怒子民叹Unhappy Boston see thy sons deplore,[29:08.73]圣街竟遭血污玷thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore,[29:12.19]贼子帮凶多残忍whilst faithless Preston and his savage bands,[29:15.98]恶爪锋利乱伤人with murderous rancor, stretch their bloody hands.[29:20.09][29:23.24]世界上最强大的军队The most formidable army in the world[29:25.40][29:25.41]对着一群手无寸铁的人疯狂扫射firing on an unarmed crowd.。
This_is_our_story_我们的故事
C r azy E ngl i sh 2021.22015年,加州大学伯克利分校哈斯商学院的几名研究生开始关注森林保护并创立相关机构,呼吁人们关注森林保护。
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THE STORY OF US字幕(我们的故事第1集--反抗者)
[02:31.77] 美国:我们的故事[02:36.37][02:43.50] 第一集反抗者[02:48.28][02:45.91]满载着商人与信徒的船只Shiploads of businessmen and true believers[02:48.72]正在横渡大西洋以期建立一个新世界are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world.[02:53.93][02:55.78]1610年5月May 1610.[02:57.84]在哥伦布发现新大陆的120年后120 years after Columbus,[03:01.07]这仍是一段危险的旅程it's still a perilous journey.[03:02.97][03:04.70]其中的一艘"解放号"上One ship, The Deliverance,[03:06.75]载着一样即将永久改变美国的货物carries a cargo that will change America forever. [03:09.69][03:10.77]都来帮忙啊All hands over here.[03:12.28]船上是24岁的英国农民约翰·罗尔夫Onboard is John Rolfe, a 24-year-old English farmer.[03:17.68][03:18.19]他有野心有自信有远见Ambitious, self-reliant, visionary.[03:21.26][03:21.27]是位天生的企业家A born entrepreneur.[03:23.55][03:23.73]这段在今天乘飞机只需六个小时的旅程What takes us six hours today by plane [03:26.51]在当时却需要至少两个月was then a voyage of more than two months.[03:29.42][03:31.19]早期冒险者中十个中有七个Seven of the early adventurers out of every ten [03:34.02][03:34.03]活不过第一年will be dead within a year.[03:36.09][03:36.23]喂看见陆地了Land ahoy![03:37.57][03:38.52]但是冒险是值得的But the risks are worth it.[03:40.41][03:42.24]北美大陆是终极机遇之地North America is the ultimate land of opportunity. [03:45.51][03:57.10]一块拥有大量待开发资源的大陆A continent of vast untapped wealth.[04:00.22][04:01.41]首先是所有资源中最有价值的... Starting with the most valuable resource of all... [04:04.21][04:05.73]土地land.[04:07.22][04:11.81]这块后来成为三亿多人家园的土地What will be home to more than 300 million people[04:15.15]有几乎一半的面积被成片的森林覆盖着lies under a blanket of forest covering nearly half the land.[04:19.73][04:20.09]共有超过五百亿棵树More than 50 billion trees.[04:22.79][04:28.28]再往西就是九百万平方英里的美洲荒原Further west, 9 million square miles of vast American wilderness.[04:33.48][04:34.64]六千万只美洲野牛在平原上狂奔60 million bison roam the plains.[04:37.57][04:47.20]在地下据说有钻石白银... And underground,there are rumors of gems, silver... [04:52.42][04:54.24]和世界上最大的黄金矿层and the largest seams of gold in the world.[04:57.33]黄金国西班牙人理想中南美洲的宝藏[05:01.29][04:57.33]移民们预期黄金储量不亚于理想中的黄金国The settlers expect nothing less than El Dorado.[05:01.29][05:16.43]但罗尔夫在英国殖民地詹姆斯敦看到的... But what Rolfe finds at the English settlement of Jamestown...[05:19.98][05:20.40]是人间地狱is hell on Earth.[05:22.49][05:25.88]在罗尔夫之前已有五百多名移民先期到达More than 500 settlers made the journey before Rolfe.[05:29.50][05:29.63]有人吗Hello?[05:31.00][05:32.67]有人吗Hello?[05:33.29]只有六十人活了下来Barely 60 remain.[05:35.33][05:36.87]当时正是"饥荒时期" It's called "The Starving Time".[05:40.56][05:42.64]在吃完了马和其它动物之后Having fed on horses and other animals,[05:46.22]我们吃掉了靴子鞋子we ate boots, shoes,[05:48.88]和其它任何能找到的皮革and any other leather we came across.[05:51.53]谁来救救我啊Somebody, help![05:52.86]就在罗尔夫到达三个月前Three months before Rolfe arrives,[05:54.80]有人因杀害自己怀孕的妻子并企图吃尸体a man is burned at the stake for killing his pregnant wife[05:58.15]而被处以火刑and planning to eat her.[06:00.01][06:04.45]这些英国人毫无准备地来到了这个新世界The English arrive unprepared for this[06:08.13]并且不愿从事体力劳动and unwilling to perform manual labor.[06:11.03][06:12.17]他们带来的不是牲畜Instead of livestock,[06:13.38]而是检测黄金的化学试剂they've brought chemical tests for gold...[06:16.81]但他们从未找到任何黄金that they never find.[06:18.70][06:21.64]并且这里也不是他们的地盘And this is not their land.[06:24.65][06:27.81]詹姆斯敦建在一个北美原住民部落领地中间They build Jamestownin the middle of a Native American empire.[06:31.72][06:33.28]60名食不果腹的移民被2万个波瓦坦族人包围60 starving settlers among 20,000 of the Powhatan Nation,[06:38.38]这些原住民的弓箭armed with bows and arrows[06:40.31]要比需要重新装子弹的英国滑膛枪that are up to nine times faster to reload and fire [06:43.93]快9倍than an English musket.[06:44.92][06:47.72]双方很快就成了敌人They're soon enemies.[06:50.24][06:52.58]最初的移民中只有一成活了下来Only one in ten of the original settlers is left. [06:56.26][06:59.80]约翰·罗尔夫没有像其他人一样John Rolfe didn't come to plunder and leave [07:02.35]劫掠之后扬长而去like the others.[07:03.81][07:05.42]他有自己的计划He's got his own plan.[07:07.33][07:09.59]烟草的利润很高并且在英国国内很有市场There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted.[07:13.60][07:17.56]他带来了一批南美烟草的种子He's arrived with a supply of South American tobacco seeds,[07:20.98]但当时只有西班牙殖民地出产这种作物but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies.[07:24.72][07:26.72]西班牙人因此控制了烟草国际贸易The Spanish control the worldwide trade. [07:29.81][07:31.79]在当时向外国人出售烟草种子会被处以死刑Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death.[07:35.92][07:37.47]但约翰·罗尔夫还是想办法弄到了一些But John Rolfe has got his hands on some. [07:40.20]没人知道他是怎么做到的No one knows how.[07:42.10][07:43.17]在切萨皮克湾的暖湿气候And in the warm, humid climate[07:44.98]和肥沃土地的滋养下and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay,[07:47.25][07:48.20]罗尔夫的烟草长势喜人Rolfe's tobacco crop flourishes.[07:50.99][07:52.11]这些烟草种子带来的首次大丰收The first large harvest produced by these seeds [07:55.19]即使放在今天价值也超过一百万美元is worth more than a million dollars in today's money.[07:58.50][07:58.65]美国前进的伟大动力就是我们的人民The great strength of America is our people. [08:02.02]如果你想知道如何定义美国前进的动力If you wanna know what it is the defining strength of America,[08:04.25][08:02.18]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][08:06.18][08:04.25]答案就是我们的人民我们的移民传统it is our people, our immigrant tradition, [08:08.01]我们兼容并蓄的文化our bringing in cultures from all over the world.[08:11.60]我知道成功是怎么回事I know what goes into making success.[08:14.22]真正的成功很少是运气的因素And when somebody's really successful, it's rarely luck.[08:18.86][08:14.50]唐纳德·J·特朗普[美国地产大亨][08:19.50][08:18.86]而是天分智力还有许多其它的因素It's talent, it's brain power, it's lots of other things.[08:23.30][08:23.83]罗尔夫娶了波瓦坦部落联盟首领的女儿Rolfe marries the daughter of the king of the Powhatan Empire.[08:27.70][08:29.73]她的名字已成为传奇波卡洪塔斯Her name becomes legend: Pocahontas. [08:33.88][08:34.89]罗尔夫使她在英国家喻户晓In England, Rolfe makes her a celebrity[08:37.04]她的肖像被当做新世界生活的广告when her face is put on a portrait that sells all over London,[08:40.38]在整个伦敦热卖advertising life in the New World.[08:42.96][08:46.03]莎士比亚在作品中提起过殖民地Shakespeare mentions the colony.[08:48.05][08:48.06]英国的有钱人都往这里投资England's rich invest money here.[08:50.39]所有的伦敦人都知道这片富饶的土地All of London knows about this land of plenty. [08:54.09][08:58.68]在两年内烟草进入了千家万户的菜园Within two years, tobacco grows in every garden.[09:02.67][09:04.30]詹姆斯敦由人间地狱变成了美国第一座兴旺之城From a living hell, Jamestown isAmerica's first boomtown.[09:09.47][09:13.66]两年后又有近一千名移民来到了这里Two years later, nearly 1,000 more settlers arrive,[09:17.25]其中的19人来自非洲西部including 19 from West Africa.[09:20.18][09:21.32]奴隶Slaves.[09:22.47][09:24.87]但其中一些人后来在弗吉尼亚有了自己的土地But some go on to own their own land in Virginia.[09:28.22][09:33.37]在詹姆斯敦建立12年后12 years after the founding of Jamestown,[09:36.49][09:33.80]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][09:38.80][09:36.49]黑人在殖民地的形成过程中起到了重要作用Africans were playing a shaping role in the creation of the colonies.[09:42.56]这一点非常惊人That's pretty incredible.[09:44.38][09:45.47]30年后弗吉尼亚的移民超过了两万人30 years later, there are over 20,000 settlers in Virginia.[09:49.91][09:51.75]可以说没有烟草就没有美国America is founded on tobacco.[09:54.80][09:55.14]在接下来的一个半世纪里For the next century and a half,[09:56.99][09:57.00]它一直是这块大陆最主要的出口产品it's the continent's largest export.[09:59.36][10:11.41]在罗尔夫抵达詹姆斯敦的十年后Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, [10:14.92]又有一批英国移民登上了北美大陆another group of English settlers lands in North America.[10:18.38][10:25.94]他们在一处荒凉的海滩靠岸They come ashore on a deserted beach[10:28.94]这里距詹姆斯敦的海岸有450英里450 miles up the coast from Jamestown, [10:32.18]他们把此地命名为"普利茅斯" and call the place Plymouth1,[10:34.62]以纪念他们起航的英国港口after the English port they sailed from.[10:37.61][10:39.29]他们是移民大潮里的另一朵浪花These are a different breed of settler,[10:42.14]一群信仰不同但都热爱生活的人a group of religious dissidents with faith at the center of their lives.[10:46.65][10:49.57]他们成功横渡了危险的大西洋They made the dangerous Atlantic crossing,[10:51.85]希望能在新世界找到信仰自由seeking religious freedom in the New World.[10:54.82][10:58.90]24岁的印刷学徒爱德华·温斯洛24-year-old apprentice printer Edward Winslow [11:02.96]是和一群清教徒一起arrives with a group of religious sectarians[11:06.70]乘坐"五月花号"来到这里的on a boat called the Mayflower.[11:09.65][11:11.64]1621年4月他们的殖民地逐渐成型By April 1621, their settlement is taking shape. [11:16.43][11:16.57]"五月花号"返航英国The Mayflower returns to England.[11:19.96][11:25.18]他们只能在这片陌生的土地上自力更生了The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land.[11:29.60][11:30.75]我们充满希望与热情地A great hope and inward zeal we had[11:34.14]在这块遥远的土地上of laying some great foundation[11:36.45]为子孙后代的繁衍生息for the propagating and advancing[11:38.48]和天国福音的传播the gospel of the kingdom of Christ,[11:40.28][11:40.38]奠定坚实的基础in those remote parts of the world.[11:43.13][11:44.41]十九个家庭They're 19 families.[11:46.52]饲养着山羊鸡猪狗Goats, chickens, pigs and dogs.[11:50.07][11:50.08]他们还有手纺车椅子书籍和枪支They have spinning wheels, chairs, books, guns.[11:55.20][11:56.97]而且没有回头路And no way home.[11:58.88][11:59.08]只要把这个地方描绘成机遇之地If you create this environment as a land of opportunity,[12:02.85][12:02.74]迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][12:07.74][12:02.85]就能吸引到那些then you're gonna attract those type of people[12:07.35][12:07.36]愿意冒险愿意赌一回的人who wanna take that risk, who have-- wanna take that gamble[12:12.20]和那些坚信生活会更好的人and who believe in a better life.[12:16.01][12:17.22]他们的目的地原本是哈德逊河口They were heading for the Hudson River,[12:19.71]然而靠岸地点却向北偏了200英里but they've landed 200 miles further north [12:23.33]时间正是初冬at the beginning of winter.[12:25.36][12:27.71]当时正值一个小型冰期They have arrived in the middle of a mini ice age,[12:30.68]气温普遍比现在低2度temperatures 2 degrees colder than today.[12:33.92][12:37.00]冬天更长适合作物生长的时间更短Winters are longer, growing seasons shorter. [12:40.71][12:48.01]土地贫瘠The soil is poor.[12:49.94][12:50.23]颗粒无收Little grows.[12:51.94][12:52.42]食物严重短缺Food supplies run low.[12:54.60][12:57.58]在前三个月中超过一半的清教徒死于饥荒In the first three months, more than half the Pilgrims die.[13:01.14][13:04.93]威廉·布莱福特是一位社区总督William Bradford is the governor of a community [13:07.93]他所辖的社区很快陷入了困境soon in desperate trouble.[13:09.77][13:10.58]上帝似乎喜欢每天以死亡问候我们It pleased God to visit us with death daily. [13:14.77][13:14.99]疾病蔓延Disease was everywhere.[13:17.41][13:17.69]活着的人几乎没有力气埋葬死人The living were scarcely able to bury the dead. [13:21.29][13:21.76]有时一天就有两三个人去世They died sometimes two or three a day.[13:24.99][13:25.44]在这一百多人中只有不到五十人幸存下来Of 100 and odd persons, scarce 50 remained.[13:30.49][13:32.26]有时只有六个人能有足够的力气At times, only six are fit enough[13:36.22]继续盖房子to continue building their shelters.[13:37.45][13:40.11]苏珊娜·怀特的丈夫死于第一年冬天Susanna White's husband dies that first winter. [13:43.28][13:46.15]爱德华·温斯洛的妻子也在一个月后去世Edward Winslow's wife perishes a month after.[13:49.61][13:51.46]几个星期后怀特和温斯洛结婚了Within weeks, White and Winslow marry. [13:54.55][13:55.78]他们后来有了五个孩子They'll have five children.[13:57.59][13:59.61]在今天超过10%的美国人Today more than 10% of all Americans[14:03.11]家谱可以追溯到"五月花号"上can trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. [14:06.06][14:16.58]普利茅斯一度成为了他们所寻求的避难所For a time, Plymouth provides the sanctuary they sought.[14:20.56][14:20.83]爱德华Edward![14:22.80][14:23.07]爱德华Edward![14:24.96][14:25.42]爱德华快去看看那边Edward, please go and look over there![14:28.54][14:29.61]但和詹姆斯敦一样他们也不是这里的主人But like Jamestown,there were others here first.[14:33.69][14:44.37]1621年4月April 1621.[14:47.15][14:47.36]清教徒们来到新世界已经五个月了The Pilgrims have been in the New World for five months.[14:50.51][14:50.55]只有一半的人挺过了第一年冬天Barely half survive the first winter.[14:53.47][14:54.55]但他们不是第一批来到这片海岸的欧洲人But they're not the first Europeans to arrive on this coast.[14:58.46][15:00.12]五年前欧洲轮船带来了白人移民和瘟疫Five years before, European ships brought light-skinned people and plague.[15:06.21][15:06.37]几乎九成的原住民因此丧生Almost nine out of ten of the local people are wiped out.[15:10.20][15:19.28]波卡诺基特人不需要敌人The Pokanoket people don't need enemies.[15:22.42]他们和清教徒和平共处They make peace with the Pilgrims.[15:24.74][15:25.73]他们教会了英国人They teach the English[15:27.33]如何用鱼做肥料在沙土中种庄稼how to grow crops in sandy soil, using fish for fertilizer.[15:31.33][15:34.99]但他们想要回报But they want something in return.[15:37.27][15:38.60]他们有一个宿敌另一个敌对部落They have a common enemy--a rival tribe. [15:42.43][15:42.55]而英国人拥有强大的武器And the English have powerful weapons.[15:45.74][15:52.87]清教徒们并不是军人The Pilgrims aren't soldiers.[15:54.89]但在这个新世界But in the New World,[15:56.44]他们不得不为了生存而战they have to fight to survive.[15:58.34][16:02.73]1621年8月14日On August 14, 1621,[16:05.50]清教徒和波卡诺基特人准备联手Pilgrims and Pokanoket, shoulder to shoulder, [16:08.98][16:08.99]发动一次突袭will launch a surprise attack[16:11.45]这次突袭将决定他们在这片土地的未来that will seal their future in this new land. [16:14.52][16:14.54]这次一共出动了14名男子It was resolved to send 14 men,[16:17.48]装备精良well-armed,[16:18.98]准备在深夜一举擒下这个部落and to fall upon them in the night.[16:21.14][16:21.93]首领下了命令不要放过任何一个The captain gave charge: Let none pass out. [16:26.50][16:50.71]对方部落猝不及防The rival tribe doesn't know what hit them.[16:53.88][16:55.95]被团团包围Surrounded,[16:57.48]对英国枪火毫无还手之力they have no answer for English firepower.[16:59.98][17:01.37]波卡诺基特人和清教徒们Pokanoket and Pilgrims[17:03.20]找到了彼此之间的共同点find common ground...[17:04.54][17:05.23]也发现了共同生存的机会and a chance to survive.[17:07.32][17:14.14]意想不到的同盟结成了Two unlikely allies.[17:16.72]这种同盟关系在北美极为罕见A partnership all too rare in North America. [17:20.69][17:22.67]我们发现印第安人We have found the Indians[17:24.62]非常遵守与我们达成的和平公约very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. [17:28.03][17:28.11]他们没有任何宗教信仰They are people without any religion[17:30.39]不知神灵为何物or knowledge of any God,[17:32.29]却非常值得信赖yet very trusty,[17:34.82]反应很快quick of apprehension,[17:37.58][17:37.59]机智无比而且有极强的正义感ripe-witted... and just.[17:40.34][17:41.78]他们的胜利给殖民地带来了Their victory brings[17:43.72][17:43.73]很长一段时间的和平a period of peace to the colony.[17:45.18][17:45.23]他们以一场盛宴来庆祝彼此的友谊Their friendship is celebrated in a feast. [17:48.42][17:48.51]那就是感恩节的由来In time, it will become known as Thanksgiving.[17:52.23][17:53.16]开拓美洲的目的之一One of the main themes in the founding of America[17:56.53][17:53.63] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][18:02.80][17:56.53]是为了找一个可以扩大生意was a place to do business,[18:00.71]扩展视野的地方a place to expand your horizons,[18:02.80]一个可以过你自己愿意过的生活 a place to live a life of your own,[18:05.01]信仰自己愿意信仰的宗教的地方practice your own religion.[18:06.95]这些基本理念Those are the basic themes[18:09.07]使得许多人飘洋过海来开拓殖民地that brought people to these shores to colonize. [18:12.79][18:18.82]这是一个繁荣时代的开端It's the start of a period of prosperity,[18:22.02]将完全改变北美that will transform North America.[18:24.23][18:27.50]从詹姆斯敦和普利茅斯开始From Jamestown and Plymouth,[18:29.74]殖民者的后代遍布整个大陆their descendants grow across the landscape.[18:32.55][18:37.06]越来越多的人越过大西洋As more and more people cross the Atlantic--[18:40.08]成千上万thousands, tens of thousands,[18:43.04]不同背景的人带着不同的理由来到这里people with different backgrounds, different reasons for being here...[18:47.80][18:51.58]美利坚成为了全世界的人都渴望到达的地方America becomes the place for everybody from everywhere.[18:55.34][18:58.16]大家孤注一掷Rolling the dice,[18:59.74]汇聚到一起形成了最初的13个殖民地coming together to create 13 colonies. [19:03.11][19:03.72]农业从詹姆斯敦传播到了南方From Jamestown, agriculture spreads across the South,[19:07.94]以前脏乱的小农庄也变成了大的种植园农场dirt farms transform into sprawling plantations.[19:12.01][19:12.88]爱尔兰人德国人和瑞典人不断向前推进Irish, Germans,and Swedes push back the frontier.[19:17.33][19:19.40]荷兰人将他们的生意带到了The Dutch bring commerce to[19:20.77]哈德逊河口处的一个小岛上a small island at the mouth of the Hudson River. [19:23.62][19:25.74]后来这里被命名为纽约In time, it will be named New York.[19:28.99][19:30.34]比起留在欧洲的同胞The colonists are 2 inches taller,[19:32.56]移民们平均要高2英寸也更加健康and far healthier, than those they left behind in Europe.[19:36.24][19:36.52]平均每个清教徒家庭养了8个小孩The Puritans average eight children,[19:39.86]孩子活到成年的比例是欧洲同胞的两倍and they are twice as likely to survive to adulthood.[19:43.13][19:44.14]比欧洲同胞更富有20% They are 20% richer[19:46.15]赋税只相当于英国本土的1/4 and pay only 1/4 of the taxes of those in England. [19:49.70][19:49.83]许多人仍然认为自己是英国人Many still think of themselves as British,[19:52.93]但是随着一代一代的成长but each generation grows[19:54.89]这种意识越来越淡薄further from its roots.[19:56.24][19:57.77]这一现象在波士顿尤为突出Nowhere more so than Boston.[20:00.35][20:01.37]1768年5月9日May 9, 1768.[20:04.37][20:04.47]到了约翰·罗尔夫首次烟草收成以来的第七代Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest,[20:08.27]英国人想要分更大的一杯羹the British want a bigger piece of the action.[20:11.72][20:17.26]英国海关官员发动了对"自由号"的突袭A British customs official springs a surprise raid on The Liberty,[20:21.47]它是约翰·汉考克的船a ship belonging to John Hancock,[20:24.37]他是波士顿最富有的人之一one of the richest men in Boston.[20:26.20][20:28.73]但汉考克的船员另有企图But Hancock's crew has other ideas.[20:31.64][20:38.70]他们偷运了100桶进口酒不想交税They're carrying 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty.[20:44.05][20:46.22]对于远在3000英里以外的国王It's a radical act of rebellion[20:48.43]此举不啻于公然的抗税against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away.[20:53.04][20:55.00]对于英国当局来说他们就是走私To the British, they're just common smugglers. [20:58.56][20:59.84]这场贸易前哨战改变了一切This mall skirmish changes everything.[21:02.74][21:02.75]英国当局扣押了汉考克的船The British seize Hancock's ship,[21:04.95]此举引发了整个波士顿的骚乱triggering riots that sweep through Boston.[21:07.87][21:08.12]我们不想缴税给国王We didn't wanna pay taxes to a king[21:10.88]不想缴税给一个我们没有发言权and to a parliament where we didn't have a voice,[21:13.68][21:10.98] 阿伦·索尔金[剧作家][21:14.88][21:13.68]也没有任何议员代表我们的议会and we didn't have any representation.[21:15.54][21:16.18]我们美国人天生就对政府有种怨恨We have a natural resentment toward government,[21:18.75]也正因此我们才得以独立which was how we were born.[21:22.35][21:24.41]英国国王派了4000名士兵到波士顿去执法The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws.[21:29.64][21:30.64]波士顿是贸易之城文化之城Boston was a city of commerce, culture,[21:34.68]文明之城也是革命之城civilization, and revolution,[21:36.70] 小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][21:41.45][21:36.70]就是在殖民者到来之后英国人到来后unfolding right before the eyes of the colonists[21:39.45]发展起来的and the eyes of the British.[21:41.54][21:49.73]1768年10月October 1768.[21:52.24][21:52.42]英国士兵紧紧钳制着波士顿British soldiers clamp down on Boston,[21:55.47]它是通往大英帝国的关键港口a port crucial to the British Empire...[21:58.28][21:59.34]也是全球商业贸易的枢纽and a hub of global trade and commerce.[22:02.39][22:07.92]它的造船厂是世界最繁忙的船厂之一Its dockyards are some of the busiest in the world,[22:11.13]利用美国海量的木材储备年产200艘船producing 200 ships a year from America's vast timber reserves.[22:16.58][22:18.77]英国1/3的船都是在殖民地建造的1/3 of all British shipping is built in the colonies. [22:22.79][22:25.60]木材供给支持着全球经济的发展Timber fuels the global economy...[22:28.20][22:29.74]就像当今的石油一样much like oil does today.[22:31.97][22:38.23]整个新英格兰境内Across New England,[22:40.12]最高最粗壮的树都被做上了记号marks identify the tallest, strongest trees[22:42.51]他们将被用来建造英国船只selected by the crown for British ships.[22:45.32][22:47.12]英国的大部分森林已不复存在England has lost most of its forests.[22:49.98][22:50.22]所以把目光投向了美国的森林It wants American wood.[22:52.25][22:56.95]在波士顿每四个市民就有一名英国士兵In Boston, there's one redcoat for every four citizens.[23:01.18][23:02.14]整个城市完全被控制了It's a city under occupation.[23:04.64][23:07.12]保罗·里维尔是一名银匠Paul Revere is a silversmith[23:10.07]也是波士顿知名大商人之一and one of Boston's prominent businessmen...[23:12.04][23:12.51]一点都不像危险分子an unlikely subversive.[23:14.81]傲慢的英国兵浩浩荡荡地进城They formed and marched with insolent parade, [23:17.93][23:18.82]军乐阵阵旗帜飞扬drums beating, fifes playing, and colors flying,[23:23.01]每名士兵都配发了16发弹药each soldier having received 16 rounds of powder and ball.[23:27.30][23:27.49]他是典型的中上层阶级He is an upper-middle-class figure,[23:30.67]全靠自身努力奋斗得到现有的一切someone who has risen through his own efforts, his own talent.[23:34.20][23:34.21]他代表了这样一群人He represents what we have created on our own[23:37.62][23:35.67]理查德·诺顿·史密斯[乔治梅森大学历史学家][23:37.67][23:37.62]几乎不靠英国亲友帮忙白手起家with very little help from our cousins across the Atlantic.[23:42.14][23:42.31]但是当北美革命一触即发时But when revolution comes to North America... [23:45.03][23:47.44]里维尔将身处革命的最前沿Revere will beat the center of it.[23:50.39][24:57.08]包括波士顿在内的13个殖民地Boston and the 13 colonies[24:59.40]可以说是英国经济发展的发电站are an economic powerhouse,[25:01.55]对英国来说至关重要critical to Britain.[25:02.94][25:07.36]英国出口的物品将近40%都来到了美国Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America.[25:12.33][25:15.58]捕鱼船队将成千上万吨的腌鳕鱼运往加勒比海The fishing fleet ships thousands of tons of salted cod to the Caribbean.[25:20.15][25:22.96]又将糖和糖蜜运往英国Returns with sugar and molasses...[25:25.51][25:25.68]那些都是制作朗姆酒的原料raw material for rum.[25:27.89][25:28.96]每一项进出口贸易都要向英国交税Taxed by the British after every exchange. [25:32.38][25:35.73]在非洲朗姆酒被当作货币In Africa, rum is the currency used[25:38.06]可以用来购买最赚钱的货to purchase the most profitable cargo of all...[25:41.23][25:45.82]非洲黑奴African slaves.[25:47.87][25:49.41]在1700年到1800年间Between 1700 and 1800,[25:52.39]超过25万的非洲人被运往美国殖民地more than 1/4 of a million Africans are brought to the American colonies.[25:57.03][25:57.28]大都是被强迫做了奴隶而非自愿前去More slaves than all those who came of their own free will.[26:01.24][26:05.15]大部分人被送往南方大种植园Most wind up on large plantations in the South. [26:08.69][26:08.80]不过黑人对美国北方经济发展也至关重要But they're also critical to the economy of the North.[26:11.99][26:12.10]波士顿10%的人口是黑人10% of Boston's population is black.[26:15.82][26:16.54]波士顿就像一个大熔炉气氛越发紧张Boston is a melting pot, and tension is building.[26:20.53][26:21.41]没有人喜欢自己家里有侵略者Nobody likes invaders in their homes.[26:23.68] 安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学教授][26:30.78][26:23.68]让外国人来到这片土地To have people here, foreigners on your soil,[26:27.57]某种程度上反而激励了人们去战斗is something-- is a great incentive for people to fight.[26:30.78][26:32.24]1770年3月5日March 5, 1770.[26:34.60][26:35.49]持续三天的动乱后After three days of unrest,[26:37.68]一群暴民游荡在大街小巷中an angry mob roams the streets.[26:40.31]成百上千的人没了工作Hundreds of men who lost their jobs[26:42.16]他们聚集到国王街咒骂英国当局and blame the British gather on King Street [26:46.09][26:46.79]和八个被下令不准开枪的英国士兵对峙and face off against eight redcoats with orders not to fire.[26:51.55][26:53.07]接下来发生的事情彻底改写了美国历史What's about to happen will change America forever.[26:57.46][26:58.78]17岁的制假发学徒A 17-year-old wig maker'sapprentice,[27:01.02]爱德华·加里克点燃了导火线Edward Garrick, lights the fuse.[27:04.47][27:09.18]战斗是这样开始的This is how wars start.[27:11.95][27:20.49]兄弟们上Come on, let's have it![27:22.91][27:26.09]士兵休·蒙哥马利被打了一棒Private Hugh Montgomery is hit with a club.[27:29.11][28:04.48]非裔美国人克里斯珀斯·阿塔克斯An African-American, Crispus Attucks,[28:08.12]当场死亡dies instantly.[28:08.81][28:12.58]大家跑啊Everybody, run![28:14.36][28:31.13]硝烟散尽时又死了四个人When the smoke clears, four more are dead.[28:34.74][28:37.91]波士顿如何回应将改变历史的发展进程How Boston reacts will change the course of history.[28:41.84][28:45.69]既是银匠Silversmith[28:46.20]又是政治激进分子的保罗·里维尔and political radical Paul Revere[28:48.76]雕出了英国士兵在波士顿街头captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists[28:50.54]杀死五个殖民地人的画面in the streets of Boston.[28:53.76][28:55.28]他的雕刻将加速革命的爆发His engraving will fuel the fires of revolution[28:58.88]愤怒之火迅速在13个殖民地之间蔓延开来as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies.[29:02.98][29:04.11]波城愤怒子民叹Unhappy Boston see thy sons deplore,[29:08.73]圣街竟遭血污玷thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore,[29:12.19]贼子帮凶多残忍whilst faithless Preston and his savage bands,[29:15.98]恶爪锋利乱伤人with murderous rancor, stretch their bloody hands.[29:20.09][29:23.24]世界上最强大的军队The most formidable army in the world[29:25.40][29:25.41]对着一群手无寸铁的人疯狂扫射firing on an unarmed crowd.[29:28.77]这幅震惊世人的画有个一目了然的标题An explosive image with a title that says it all:[29:34.08]波士顿惨案"The Bloody Massacre."[29:35.73][29:36.11]有一个古老的笑话There was the old joke,[29:37.44][29:37.45]给我一幅画我还你一场战争"You give me a picture, I'll give you a war."[29:39.45]那些想挑起事端表明立场Those who wanted to stir things up and to make a statement[29:43.80][29:39.45] 迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长][29:46.03][29:43.80]甚至可能领导革命的人and maybe even lead a revolution,[29:46.03]通过这样能团结很多人站在他们那一边it made them able to rally others to their side.[29:50.08][29:51.72]消息迅速传播开了News spreads fast.[29:53.72]移民们都是热心的读者The colonists are avid readers,[29:56.11]源自最初普利茅斯清教徒读圣经的传统 a legacy from the first Bible-reading Puritans in Plymouth.[29:59.93][30:00.52]波士顿有美国的第一份周刊Boston has the first weekly newspaper.[30:03.78][30:04.63]当时此地已经有了40多家报刊机构There are now more than 40 papers across the colonies.[30:08.31]加上新的邮政署署长本杰明·富兰克林And the new postmaster general, Benjamin Franklin...[30:11.98][30:12.97]已经建立起了一个革命性的邮政递送系统has introduced a revolutionary postal-delivery system.[30:16.52][30:19.49]连夜递送可以节省一半的时间Night riders cut the delivery time in half.[30:22.88][30:24.73]将各个殖民地联系到一起的联系网The communications network connecting the colonies[30:27.72]是当时世界上最好的is one of the best in the world.[30:30.00][30:30.55]英国当局对此一无所知And the British have no idea.[30:33.53][30:34.55]他们希望这个消息能够被压下来They hope the news can be contained.[30:37.15][30:39.03]在消息传到英国之前Before news reaches England,[30:40.90]绝大多数的美国人都已经知道了波士顿惨案most of America knows about the Boston Massacre.[30:44.28][30:44.37]这充分体现了一种美国精神It's a very American spirit of an idea,[30:47.20][30:45.50] 吉米·威尔士[维基百科创始人之一][30:50.12][30:47.20]那就是每个人都有权利去获取真相this idea that everybody should have access to knowledge.[30:50.12]这很像那个开创性的想法It's very much like that pioneering idea,[30:53.31]即每一个人应该能够开创属于自己的路everybody should be able to make their way in the world.[30:56.39]无论是康涅狄格的印刷工人A printer in Connecticut[30:57.97]还是北卡罗来纳的农民can read the exact same story[31:01.07]都能读到同样的消息as a farmer in North Carolina.[31:02.00][31:04.76]1773年12月December 1773.[31:07.29]《波士顿公报》曝出了另一件事"The Boston Gazette" breaks another story, [31:09.65]这将助长叛乱的火焰that will fan the flames of rebellion.[31:12.21][31:14.60]愤怒和不满的情绪日益高涨The rising tide of anger and resentment[31:17.08]英国不得不采取行动forces England's hand.[31:19.35][31:19.53]他们取消了所有的税收They repeal all taxes...[31:21.90][31:23.53]不过仍保留了茶叶税except one, on tea.[31:26.05][31:27.69]这远远不够It's not enough.[31:29.28][31:29.83]美国历史上最著名的反抗运动之一In one of the most famous acts of resistance in American history,[31:33.56]反抗者将价值逾百万美元的茶叶倾入波士顿港Rebels dump over $1 million worth of tea in Boston Harbor.[31:38.59][31:39.70]如果有人前来冒犯When someone comes along and smacks us,[31:42.83][31:42.70] 汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播][31:44.59][31:42.83]我们不会逆来顺受we don't turn the other cheek.[31:45.24][31:45.86]这不是我们的性格That's not who we are.[31:47.52][31:50.76]快点Move it![31:52.13][31:52.69]英国人为此关闭了波士顿港The British respond by shutting down Boston Harbor... [31:56.19][31:59.99]这个美洲最繁忙和富庶的港口之一one of America's busiest, wealthiest ports. [32:03.98][32:12.74]走吧小伙子Come on, lad.[32:14.11][32:15.57]数百人失业Hundreds lose their jobs.[32:17.93][32:19.73]英国人决意要扼杀所有来自The British mean to strangle any resistance[32:22.16]马萨诸塞州这个不服管治的殖民地的反抗from the rebellious colony of Massachusetts.。
The Story Of Us 我们的故事
The Story Of Us 我们的故事I used to think one day we'd tell the story of us 过去我常在想某天，我们会将咱两相爱的故事讲How we met and the sparks flew instantly 我们如何相遇，两颗心相碰顷刻间又有怎样的火花绽放People would say, "they're the lucky ones" 人们会说他俩可真是幸运的一对I used to know my place was a spot next to you 过去我总以为你的身旁一直是我心中那片归宿地Now I'm searching the room for an empty seat 而现在我将整个房间寻个遍要另找个空位能容身我坐下Cause lately I don't even know what page you're on 因为近来我甚至都不了解你在哪里（谱写哪出戏）Oh, a simple complication 哦，如此简单却又纠结于心Miscommunications lead to fall out 爱缺少了沟通闹的我们都翻了脸So many things that I wish you knew 我有太多事情都希望你了解So many walls up I can't break through 你有太多的墙道道立起，牢不可破将我阻截Now I'm standing alone 此刻我孓身无依伫立In a crowded room 于一所拥挤的房间里And we're not speaking 而我俩彼此相见都缄口不语And I'm dying to know 极想知道（相互间只存在不予理睬）Is it killing you ? 这对我来说可真是要命般正煎熬不休Like it's killing me? 对你而言也同样的感觉在闹心不已，对吧？I don't know what to say 我不知该说什么好Since a twist of fate 自从我们之间宣告了彻底决裂When it all broke down 命运之神随即也转身离去And the story of us 咱俩相遇的故事Looks a lot like a tragedy now 现在看起来多像一出悲剧Next chapter 下一章节How'd we end up this way? 这样不期而遇的局面我们又该怎么收场？See me nervously pulling at my clothes 见我紧张的在拉扯着衣角And trying to look busy 努力让自己看起来忙而不顾And you're doing your best to avoid me 而你也使尽浑身解数避免能再与我接触I'm starting to think one day I'll tell the story of us 我开始想某天我会将咱俩分手的故事讲How I was losing my mind when I saw you here 那时你现身与眼前的一刻我变的失去了理智But you held your pride like you should have held me 而你却将你要命的自尊死握不放，而当时你就该将我如那般牢牢把握Oh, we're scared to see the ending 哦，我不敢看一眼结局变成这般样子Why are we pretending this is nothing? 为何一见面我们都装成一副若无其事的样子I'd tell you I miss you but I don't know how 想告诉你我想你但又不知要怎样才能和你说到一起I've never heard silence quite this loud 我从未听过死寂在大声摇旗呐喊：将一切都埋在心里Now I'm standing alone 此刻我孓身无依伫立In a crowded room 于一所拥挤的房间里And we're not speaking 而我俩彼此相见都缄口不语And I'm dying to know 极想知道（如鲠于喉的滋味）Is it killing you 这对我来说可真是要命般正煎熬不休Like it's killing me? 对你而言也同样的感觉在闹心不已，对吧？I don't know what to say 我不知该说什么好Since a twist of fate 自从我们之间的一切彻底土崩瓦解When it all broke down 这份爱的命运随即也反复And the story of us 咱俩相遇的故事Looks a lot like a tragedy now 现在看起来很像一出悲剧This is looking like a contest 这看起来像场较量Of who can act like they care less 我们都在角逐谁更能装满不在乎But I liked it better when you were on my side 但我更喜欢你曾总依顺我，那时我什么都不在乎The battle's in your hands now 此刻，这场决战的号角就掌握于你手中But I would lay my armor down 但我会放下自己的武装If you'd say you'd rather love than fight 如果你说出你宁愿好好爱我而不是要斗个你死我活So many things that you wish I knew 有太多的事你都希望我能懂But the story of us might be ending soon 但咱俩的故事可能很快就此画上句号Now I'm standing alone 此刻我孓身无依伫立In a crowded room 于一所拥挤的房间里And we're not speaking 而咱俩相见都无从开口And I'm dying to know 极想知道（极想知道，咱俩已形同陌路）Is it killing you? 这对我来说可真是要命般正煎熬不休Like it's killing me? 对你而言也同样的感觉在闹心不已，对吧？I don't know what to say 我不知该说什么好Since a twist of fate 自从我们之间宣告了彻底决裂When it all broke down 这份爱的命运随即也反复And the story of us 而且我们的故事Looks a lot like a tragedy now, now, now 咱俩相遇的故事现在看起来多像一出悲剧，现在，现在，现在And we're not speaking 咱俩彼此相见都无从开口And I'm dying to know 极想知道（结局只有分道扬镳）Is it killing you? 这对我来说可真是要命般正煎熬不休Like it's killing me? 对你而言也同样的感觉在闹心不已，对吧？I don't know what to say 我不知该说什么好Since a twist of fate 自从我俩的命运随即反复cause we're going down 因我们两颗心的相碰最终如同触礁都沉没And the story of us 现在咱俩的故事Looks a lot like a tragedy now 看起来多像一出悲剧。
美国,我们的故事09-12中英文字幕（无时间轴）
美国，我们的故事第九集：萧条-----------------------------01第十集：二战-----------------------------18第十一集：超级大国-------------------36第十二集：黄金时代-------------------56美国曾经繁荣然而此刻却满眼萧条 America boom. But now, it's bust.大萧条席卷全国 The Great Depression explodes across America.社会动荡民生凋敝旱情四起 Social upheaval, poverty, drought.考验美国的时刻到了 It's time for America...to fight back.美国精神也正是在 The American spirit is forged大萧条的烈火中铸就 in the fires of Great Depression.我们是前锋也是先驱 We are pioneers...and trailblazers.我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.美国: 我们的故事第九集萧条20世纪20年代是美国的繁荣时期 The 1920s is boom time in America.金钱如潮涌来油井不断开采 Money flows and oil wells explode.农民们挣扎求生城市却飞速扩张 Though farmers are struggling, cities expand. 摩天大楼擎天之势让高攀的股指也望尘莫及 Skyscrapers go higher than the stock market.对汽车和类似好莱坞的 Aspirations run wild for cars近郊豪宅的渴望急剧膨胀 and suburban housing projects like Hollywoodland.到1929年 By 1929,广告业产值超过了国民教育支出 more money is spent on advertising than on education. 所谓消费至上和资本主义让我们有点飘飘然了 We got a little carried away with consumerism and capitalism珍妮特·沃尔斯 [著名作家]到头来反受其害 and it bite us in the butt.繁荣的根基是银行信用体系 The boom is built on credit.1929年 In 1929,美国人用信用卡买了60亿美元的商品 $6 billion of goods are bought on credit,与此同时 80%的美国人却没有丝毫积蓄 but 80% of Americans have no savings at all. 有的股票市值高达 Some stocks are valued at其实际价值的50倍 50 times what they're really worth.一个巨大的泡沫即将破灭 A giant bubble just ready to burst.1929年10月该来的还是来了 By October 1929, the inevitable happens.股票市场3个星期内 The stock market loses 12 times蒸发掉的市值 more money in three weeks,相当于美国政府一年财政开支的12倍还多 than the US government uses in a year. 整个国家很可能就此一蹶不振 The entire country could've gone down--汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]从经济角度来看也确实几乎如此 and almost did, from an economic point of view. 股市崩溃后整整一年 For a year after the stock-market crash,美国经济徘徊在深渊的边缘 America's economy teeters on the edge of the abyss. 1930年12月 December 1930.纽约街头非常平静 The streets of New York are quiet.离1929年股市崩溃已经一年多了 It's been a year since the stock-market crash of 1929,不过只有2%的人口是股民 but only 2% of the population own stocks.其他98%的人生活依旧如常 The other 98% get on with their lives.直到这一天 Until today.这个人即将从根本上 This man is about to shake动摇美国人对银行体系的信心 America's confidence in its banks to its very core. 他在一间本地银行存了钱 He's put his money in his local bank.合众国银行 The Bank of United States,几小时后这家银行将面临倒闭的命运 a bank that has only hours left to exist. 他从报上读到了一则质疑该银行稳定性的消息 But a newspaper article questions his bank's stability.4家银行并购提案取消正是从这一刻起一石激起千层浪 This is the moment that begins a chain reaction 整个国家的经济体系变得岌岌可危... that will shake the whole country's economy... 我们并不清楚这人姓甚名谁 yet we don't even know the man's name.只知道《纽约时报》刊载了他的故事 But his story was recorded by "The New York Times." 一名布朗克斯区的小商贩 A small merchant in the Bronx来到合众国银行的一家支行 went to a branch of the Bank of United States要求银行职员 and asked bank officials to把他的股票抛售掉 dispose of his stock in the institution.您好先生有什么可以为您效劳的 Good day, sir, how may I help you?好的我想卖掉我在这家银行的股份 Yes, I'd like to withdraw my shares from the bank.再说一遍好吗先生 I beg your pardon, sir?银行的规章制度此时已是一纸空文 Bank regulations are virtually nonexistent at the time.由于房地产投资失败 Bad real-estate investments mean这家银行只能靠做假帐来勉强维持 the bank has only kept itself afloat by cooking the books.您好先生需要我帮忙吗 Good day, sir, how may I be of assistance?我要卖掉我的股份 I'd like to sell my shares.先生这投资很不错 Well, the stock is a good investment, sir.我建议您不要卖 I would advise against the sale.我要拿回我的钱 I want my money.这家银行最怕的就是客户大规模提现 The last thing the bank needs is to hand out all its cash.最近我们面临的又一次金融危机 We almost witnessed that fairly recently历史惊人地相似悲剧重演了 and I've seen what can go on, and I've seen travesty. 唐纳德·J·特朗普 [美国地产大亨]显然他走后散布了一个谣言 He departed and apparently spread a false report, 说这家银行拒绝兑现他的股份 that the bank had refused to sell his stock.中午时分 By mid-afternoon,一大批人聚集在银行外面 a considerable crowd had gathered outside the bank,人数估计有两万到两万五 estimated at between 20,000 and 25,000 persons.就在这一天担忧化为了恐慌 This is the day worry turns to panic.银行会走上股市的老路吗 Would the banks go the same way as the stock market?歇斯底里的情绪像野火一样蔓延着 Hysteria spreads like wildfire.仅这一家支行就被提走了两百万美元 $2 million are withdrawn from this branch alone. 即便在银行关门前 Even though all the anxious depositors who所有情绪激动的提款人都顺利领到了钱 asked for their money before closing time were given it...他们还是焦躁不安 the crowd became restless.一小队警察出面控制局势 A squad of police were sent in to control them.翻译：小坏 remembertoi Jose ww艾取子小Q校对：安小七精校：小坏 Joanna时间轴：马小样顾问：小跳后期：鱼骨头总监：小坏风波也殃及了其他支行 The trouble spreads to other branches.第二天早上 By the next morning,合众国银行倒闭 the Bank of United States has collapsed.民众对美国银行体系的信心土崩瓦解 Confidence in US banks disintegrates.1930年最后两个月 600家银行倒闭 In the last 60 days of 1930, 600 banks shut. 一波又一波银行倒闭狂潮席卷全国 Banks close in wave after wave across the country. 1933年全美有28个州没一家银行营业 By 1933, there are 28 states without a single bank open.与如今不同 Unlike today,当时联邦政府并不为银行担保 the federal government does not bail out the banks. 失业人数从1930年的400万 Unemployment goes from 4 million in 1930飙升至1932年的1200万 to 12 million in 1932.每天有1000个家庭流离失所 Every day, 1,000 homes are repossessed.20万名流浪儿无家可归 200,000 vagrant children wander the country.3400万美国人丧失经济来源 34 million Americans have no source of income.大萧条是美国的悲剧 It was an American tragedy, the Depression was,布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]只有美国人自己的智慧才能拯救自己 and it took American ingenuity to lift America out of it.复兴之路从这里开始 The fight back starts here.由政府出资私人承建的大型工程项目Vast building projects, publiclyfunded...privately built.这就是人称"快手"的弗兰克·克罗 This is Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe.他已成功承建6座水坝按时完工且不超预算 He's already built six dams on time and under budget.现在他把目光投向了更大的目标 And now he has his eye on something even bigger: 科罗拉多河 the Colorado River.我十分渴望修建这个大坝 I was wild to build this dam,使之成为最宏伟无与伦比的大坝 the biggest dam ever built by anyone, anywhere. 科罗拉多河是世上 The Colorado River is one of the水流最湍急的河之一 most powerful rivers in the world.从这些峡谷里每秒钟奔腾而下的水量 Every second, twice as much water相当于尼亚加拉大瀑布水流量的两倍 tears through these canyons than goes over Niagara Falls.弗兰克·克罗的计划是驾驭这条河 Frank Crowe's plan is to harness it.这条河所蕴含的水和水力发电 The water and hydroelectricity将改变整个西南部 will transform the whole of the Southwest.1931年3月4日 March 4, 1931.联邦政府一声令下 The government gives the go-ahead开始修建胡佛水坝 to build the Hoover Dam.胡佛水坝尚未动工之时 The Hoover Dam, even before they started building it,就被视为一种象征 it became a metaphor,人们视之为美国精神的象征不屈不挠 people saw it as a statement of the American's fortitude,詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]独具匠心迎难而上 of our ingenuity, of our talent for hard work勇往直前 and for our willingness to改造世界 transform the environment around us.这座水坝的造价 The Hoover Dam will cost相当于今天的10亿美元 nearly $1 billion in today's money.弗兰克·克罗如果能迅速完工 Frank Crowe is offered a 2.5% cut of the dam's profits 便可得到水坝盈利的2.5%作为报酬 if he gets the job done quickly.预计要花6年才能建成水坝 It should take 6 years to build,但弗兰克说他只需4年即可完工 but Frank says it can be done in 4.全国各地共有四万两千人 42,000 men come from across the country来这个美国最大的工地找工作 looking for jobs on the biggest construction site in America.弗兰克·克罗收了五千名 Frank Crowe takes 5,000 men最能吃苦耐劳且干活麻利的 willing to work harder and faster than anyone else. 优胜劣汰 The survival of the fittest.人们为了得到工作不惜一切代价 Men are ready to do anything for work.美国有着一种人定胜天的精神 There's a large cando attitude in the United States 鲍勃·鲁兹 [前通用汽车公司副总裁]几个世纪以来的事实也表明 and it come soon the fact that over the centuries,尽管前路有着许多艰难险阻 there has been a lot of adversity,我们终能凯旋而归 and we have usually triumphed.首先是成功开发了 First was the triumph of这片辽阔的大陆 developing this whole vast continent,然后又在大平原上铺设了铁路 putting in railroad lines,还建成了所有这些宏大的工程 putting in all the civil engineering to support it, 建设胡佛水坝 putting in Hoover Dam.全都是不可思议的巨大挑战 These were all incredible challenges.建成水坝需要两个步骤 There are two stages to building the dam.第一步让河水改道绕过工地周围 First, divert the river around the worksite. 第二步建起这座巨堤 Second, build the colossal wall.为了让水流湍急的科罗拉多河改道 To divert the raging Colorado,需要钻透长达3英里的岩石 four massive tunnels are建成4条巨大的隧道 drilled through 3 miles of solid rock.每条隧道的宽度堪比四车道高速公路 Each tunnel is as wide as a four lane highway 高度则有5层楼 and is tall as a 5-story building.每秒钟有150万加仑的水 A million and a half gallons of water从这些隧道中奔腾而过 flow through here every second.胡佛水坝是 The Hoover Dam was a statement美国最好的写照 about what America is all about.不惜一切代价 Nothing is too big to take on.我们必将改变这个国家 We are going to change this country.弗兰克·克罗本就分秒必争 If Frank Crow was in a hurry before,现在更是压力倍增 now the pressure is double.无论时间还是资金 Time and money.隧道只能在枯水季节挖掘 The tunnels can only be dug when the river is low.而枯水期每年只有四个月 That's only four months in a year.资金也是个问题 And the money.工程每延期一天 There is a $3,000 fine for every day就要罚款3000美元 the project falls behind the schedule.时间不等人 The clock is ticking.弗兰克的解决之道一如既往地大胆 Frank's answer is as bold as he is.巨大的移动钻孔机 Gigantic mobile drilling rigs.4层脚手架搭在卡车上面 4 stories of scaffolding mounted on the backs of trucks. 多达30名工人 Up to 30 men drill into一天24小时不停地钻 the rock around the clock, 24 hours a day.比通常的钻孔进度快上10倍 They move ten times faster than normal drilling.隧道内温度高至华氏140度[60摄氏度] Temperatures hit 140 degrees in the tunnels. 弗兰克还是催得更急 Frank just pushes harder.他要求钻孔工人们相互竞争 The drilling crews compete against each other.哪队每天能钻更多 Which will drill the furthest every day?正如钻孔工人马里昂·艾伦所言 As drill man Marion Allen puts it:其实干多干少并不会怎么样 It didn't make any difference what you did,但你必须要比其他人多干 but you had to beat that other crew.卡车排放出致命废气 Deadly fumes pump out of the trucks.这些气体在隧道里聚集 They build up in the tunnel.进入工人们的肺部和血液中 They get into the men's lungs, into their blood.你派几个人把他弄出去 You men, get him out of here.一氧化碳毒倒了数百人 Carbon monoxide poisoning claims hundreds of men.有天晚上我在那干活 I went to work down there one night,队里本来有17个人 and there was 17 men in my crew.第二天早上 The next morning,只剩下我和另外3个了 myself and three others was all that was left.其他的都病倒了条件非常艰苦 All the rest was taken out sick. It was rough.克罗对工作只有一个要求 Crowe has only one working rule.别给我借口我要结果 To hell with excuses-- get results.但这样急于求成 But the drive to get results quickly将导致致命后果 will have deadly consequences.竭力保住工作的工人不免忙中出错 Men desperate to keep their jobs make mistakes 诸如爆破还没完成就试图去清理碎石 like trying to clear rubble before the blasting is finished.爆破之后还需要挖掘清理 You are having to dynamite areas and you have to dig out. 埃尔·卡玛里罗 [斯坦福大学教授]虽然有机器 There's machinery,但仍然要用锄头和铲子去挖 but you're still using a lot of pick and shovel.危险重重 Treacherous work.一名矿工的妻子还记得 A miner's wife remembers有位竭力想保住工作的工人 one worker, desperate to keep his job.每个人都想进隧道里工作 Everybody was trying to work in the tunnels.这个人太急于表现 This man was so anxious to work太快就冲进了隧道中 that he just went into the tunnel too quick.刚把铲子伸进去一个炸弹延时爆炸了 Just as he put his shovel in, there was a delayed blast.公司称96人在事故中身亡 The company says 96 men died.工人们说其实有好几百人 The workers claim it's hundreds.隧道提前11个月完工 The tunnels are finished 11 months ahead of time.但对于胡佛水坝来说这只能算是开了个头 But that's just the beginning of the Hoover Dam.最大的困难还在前面 The hardest job is yet to come:建起地球上最大的混凝土建筑 building the biggest concrete structure on earth. 弗兰克·克罗大力推进 Frank Crowe is driving ahead the胡佛水坝的建设 building of the Hoover Dam,这是美国前所未有的最大工程项目 the biggest engineering project America has ever seen.他要求快马加鞭 He's driving his men hard.工人们夜以继日地工作 The crews work day and night.一片混凝土的海洋在峡谷中拔地而起 A sea of concrete rises in the canyon,厚度相当于两个足球场并排的长度 as thick as two football fields laid end to end. 五千工人五万台机器和工具 5,000 men, 50,000 machines and tools,当世最杰出的工程师 the best engineers alive,所用原材料足以装满一列1000英里长的火车 enough materials to fill a train 1,000 miles long.这座大坝可谓 This is the 1930s' equivalent20世纪30年代的"登月"计划 of putting a man on the moon.建造大坝要倾倒660万吨混凝土 6.6 million tons of concrete have to be poured. 足以铺设一条四英尺宽的人行道环绕地球一圈 That's enough to lay a 4-foot-wide sidewalk around the earth.如何将如此大量的混凝土 How to pour that much concrete倾倒在特定的地点呢 and get it where it's needed?弗兰克·克罗设计了历史上 Frank Crowe designs the most最为复杂的缆索系统 sophisticated cable system ever built.开底式巨桶 Giant bottom-opening buckets.能将混凝土准确地倒入 They pour the concrete into molds指定地点的模具中 exactly where it is wanted.罗马人早在2000年前就发明了混凝土 Concrete was invented by the Romans 2,000 years ago,但胡佛水坝却是历史上 but the Hoover Dam is the第一座由混凝土建成的大坝 first large concrete dam in history.现如今几乎所有的水坝均由混凝土建成 Today virtually all dams are made of concrete.混凝土易成形又很坚固 It's malleable and it's strong.是建筑中使用最广泛的材料 It's the world's favorite building material for any structure.时间紧迫弗兰克需要解决一个重大问题 Frank is up against the clock, and he has a big problem.混凝土凝固过程中会释放热量 The curing concrete generates heat.若这些混凝土一次性持续倾倒 If the dam were constructed in a single, continuous pour,产生的热量足以 it would put out enough heat to bake连续三年每天烘烤50万片面包 half a million loaves of bread every day for three years.更糟的是这让大坝要过125年才能完全硬化 But worse, the dam would take 125 years to harden.弗兰克·克罗可等不起 Frank Crowe's got no time for that.布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]无路可退我们终于真正认清自己 Backs against the wall, we figured out who we were. 拼尽全力安然度过了大萧条时期 We worked our way out of that Depression.让混凝土冷却下来的法宝 The secret of cooling the concrete就藏于大坝之内 lies within the dam itself.直径1英寸总长582英里的水管 582 miles of 1-inch pipes自大坝所要制服的科罗拉多河引来冰冷的河水 carry ice-cold water from the very river the dam is taming.詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]那是一次创举 No one had ever thought of this before,这些水管如今依然留在胡佛大坝中 and those pipes are still in the Hoover Dam today. 弗兰克·克罗未辜负其快手之名 Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe lives up to his name.胡佛大坝于1935年9月30日竣工 The Hoover Dam is completed on September 30,1935, 提前两年完工 two years ahead of schedule.弗兰克获得了一笔 Frank receives a bonus worth相当于如今400多万美元的巨额奖金 over $4 million in today's money.汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]对于那些工人来说建造了胡佛水坝 For those workers to have built something as monumental如此富有挑战又意义深远的建筑物 and as challenging as Hoover Dam was,实在是建筑史上一次惊人的壮举 it was an astonishing feat of construction让我们相信一切皆有可能 and I think it gave us all a sense of the possible. 1936年胡佛大坝 1936. The Hoover Dam成为世界上最大的 is the largest hydroelectric水力发电设施 power-producing facility in the world.这里共17座发电机 Each of the 17 generators weighs每座的重量都超过4架巨型飞机 more than four jumbo jets.这些发电机可以给像洛杉矶这样 Together, they can supply power to 750,000 people 迅速发展的城市里75万人口提供电力 in booming cities like Los Angeles.这座大坝造就了密德湖 The dam creates Lake Mead,美国最大的水库 the biggest reservoir in America,蓄水量足以将整个纽约州 big enough to flood the entire覆盖在一英尺深的水下 state of New York under a foot of water.让加利福尼亚成为 It helps California produce more food,美国粮食产量最大的州 for the United States than any other state.胡佛大坝建筑工人还带动了周围地区的发展 The Hoover Dam workers make something else boom as well.他们常去30英里外的 A little town 30 miles away where一座小镇喝酒赌博 they go to drink and gamble.小镇的名字叫做 Its name:拉斯维加斯 Las Vegas.胡佛大坝一名建筑工人的妻子如是说 As the wife of one Hoover Dam worker puts it: 他们的工作如此危险 When men worked in such dangerous surroundings,所以偶尔放纵一下 you couldn't blame a lot of fellas也是无可厚非 for sort of letting their hair down.他们开心就好 They were having fun.1930年拉斯维加斯城居民共5000人 1930. 5,000 people live in Las Vegas.然后来了建筑大坝的工人 Then the dam workers arrive.然后是游客然后是赌博业的兴起 Then the tourists. Then the gambling.现如今每年有3700多万人 Now, over 37 million people来到拉斯维加斯吃喝玩乐 come every year to party in Las Vegas.建成七十余年胡佛大坝依然 After 70 years, the Hoover Dam still为内华达州亚利桑那州 supplies power to the people of Nevada, Arizona,以及加州居民供电 and California.拉斯维加斯一家酒店有着全世界最大的探照灯 One Las Vegas hotel has the biggest flashlight on earth,这盏灯拥有400亿烛光功率 40 billion candle power.借助其灯光 You can read a newspaper人们可在10英里外的地方看报 10 miles out in space by its light.1934年黑暗笼罩着整个美国 1934. Darkness falls across America.这是美国历史上最严重的一次环境灾害 The worst environmental disaster in American history.沙尘暴侵袭纽约芝加哥和波士顿 Dust storms hit New York, Chicago and Boston. 曼哈顿区正午都不得不点亮路灯以照明 In Manhattan, the streetlights come on at midday.这场沙尘暴祸及1800英里土地 A monstrous dust storm 1,800 miles wide从大平原直到大西洋 from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean.空中满是沙尘 The air turns to earth.这场沙尘暴为每个美国人带来3吨沙尘 The storm carries 3 tons of dust for every American alive.船只只能滞留在东海岸 Ships stop off the Eastern Seaboard,不清楚岸上的情况 not sure what is happening.滚滚的沙尘让"德意志"号的船长以为 The cloud reminds the captain of the ship "The Deutschland"是撒哈拉沙漠的狂沙被吹来了海里 of the sands of the Sahara blowing out to sea. 而现在沙尘暴正吞噬着自由女神像 But now the clouds are devouring the Statue of Liberty.这场沙尘暴产生于一片100万英亩的死亡地带 Dust storms were born out of a 100 million-acre dead zone就在两千英里之外的俄克拉荷马 2,000 miles away in Oklahoma,德克萨斯堪萨斯与科罗拉多州一带 Texas, Kansas and Colorado.中央大平原曾是 The Great Plains had once been世界上最富饶的草原地带 the most fertile grasslands on earth.土壤耕种层深达6英尺 The topsoil was 6 feet deep,但经过四代美国农民的耕作 but it has been plowed up and used up这片土地已然贫瘠 by four generations of farmers.而太阳的烘烤又使它干透 Now the sun has dried it up.H.W.布兰茨 [德克萨斯大学教授]真正使农民严重受损的 What really did the farmers in是一场环境灾变 was an environmental cataclysm包括大范围干旱强风 that involved an extended drought, high winds,以及损失上百万吨耕种层土壤 and the loss of millions and millions of tons of topsoil.就仿佛上天 It was almost as though the heavens themselves都在和农民作对 had turned against the farmers.1930年这里几乎没有降水 By 1930, the rains virtually stop.重量较轻的有机物最肥沃的土壤 The lighter organic matter, the best soil,几乎都被风刮走了 is literally gone with the wind.小颗粒的沙尘悬浮在空中 The tiny particles of soil are suspended in the air.这引起了异常现象 Then a freakish phenomenon happens.地面与灰尘之间产生静电 Static electricity builds between the earth and the dust. 就像磁铁一样 Like a magnet,这种静电将更多沙尘吸入空中 the static electricity sucks up more and more dust, 滚雪球般越滚越大沙尘范围和威力剧增 feeding itself, growing in size and power. 灾难由此产生 A monster is created.沙尘到达一万英尺的高空 The dust is lifted up to 10,000 feet.借助高空风力 Powered by high-altitude winds,灾害肆虐全国 the monster rips across the country looking for prey.1935年4月14日科罗拉多州拉马尔城 April 14, 1935. Lamar, Colorado.露易丝·沃尔顿曾经的百老汇舞者和女演员 Louise Walton, once a Broadway dancer and an actress.放弃了喧嚣浮华 She gives up the glamour只为到草原来呼吸新鲜干燥的空气 to breathe the clean, dry air of the prairies. 医嘱说如此方能治其肺病 The doctors say her lungs need it.露易丝在南部平原过得很好 Louise thrives on the Southern Plains,她6岁的女儿珍妮也是如此 and so did her six-year-old daughter Jeanne...直到最近 until recently.他们的田园梦成了噩梦一场 Their rural dream has become a nightmare.过去三个月中就发生了49次沙尘暴 49 dust storms in the last three months.这一天天高气爽 But today the air is crisp and clear.珍妮刚刚出院 Jeanne has just got out of hospital她患的是沙尘暴引起的呼吸道疾病 with respiratory problems because of the dust storms.那天清晨 Early that morning,600英里以北 600 miles north,一股来自加拿大的冷锋 a cold front from Canada遭遇高压暖锋 had hit a warm high-pressure front--恰好形成了推动沙尘暴前进的强风 perfect conditions to create the winds for a dust storm.这可不是一般的沙尘暴 But this is not just any duster.这场沙尘暴到达北达科他州的俾斯麦城时 By the time it passes Bismarck, North Dakota,其规模与强度之大 it's the biggest, strongest dust storm在美国已经是前所未有 ever seen in America.冷锋推动沙尘暴在草原地区向南趋近 The cold front drives the storm south across the prairies.以65英里的时速 It's heading straight for向露易丝与珍妮所在处进发 Louise and Jeanne's place at 65 miles per hour.力量愈加强大 It grows more and more powerful.产生的静电 It produces enough static足以为纽约全市供电 electricity to power New York City.到达科罗拉多州拉马尔城时 By the time the storm reaches Lamar, colorado,沙尘暴已横跨200英里 it is 200 miles wide.气温骤降 The temperature plunges.下午2:40 2:40 p.M.珍妮发现沙尘暴正在靠近 Jeanne finds herself looking into the heart of the storm. 妈妈 Mommy!珍妮 Jeannie?我仿佛陷入漩涡 It was like I was caught in a whirlpool.突然之间四周一片黑暗 All of a sudden, it got completely dark.伸手不见五指 I couldn't see a thing.妈妈 Mommy!这些沙尘中带有30万吨 The dust clouds contain over 300,000 tons中央大平原的表层土壤 of Great Plains topsoil.人们要把自己用绳子绑住 People tie themselves to ropes才敢去几百英尺外的畜棚 before going to a barn just a few hundred feet away.牲畜大量死亡人们把尸体切开时 Cattle die, and when they are cut open,它们胃里满是沙土 their stomachs are full of sand.埃尔·卡玛里罗 [斯坦福大学教授]人们对此记忆深刻 There are these memories of people他们整天整天足不出户 that go for days and days and days holed up就呆在小平房里 inside of their little ranch houses,不见天日 and they never see the light of day因为沙尘太多 because the dust is so severe太密集蔓延几百英里 and it's so thick, over hundreds of miles.连续数天不见天日 For days, they don't see light.沙尘微粒进入了珍妮的肺部 The tiny dust particles drill into the child's lungs. 她患上了尘肺病一种在满天黄沙中蔓延的瘟疫 She comes down with dust pneumonia, the brown plague.在堪萨斯科罗拉多和德克萨斯 The Red Cross set up six emergency hospitals红十字会建立了6座急救医院 in Kansas, Colorado, and Texas来治疗沙尘暴引发的大量呼吸道感染 to deal with the rise of respiratory infections. 露易丝·沃尔顿来科罗拉多是为了呼吸新鲜空气 Louise Walton had come to Colorado for the air,可此时医生告诉她 and now doctors tell her她的女儿可能会因为这空气而丧命 that her little girl could die of it.中央大平原上上演了现实版的 There is an Exodus of Biblical proportions圣经出埃及记 underway on the Great Plains.到1936年农民们每天损失高达2500万 By 1936, farmers are losing $25 million a day. 这里已不再适宜耕种 Farming is no longer a possibility.大萧条接踵而至 The Great Depression takes hold.按揭贷款到期他们却无力支付 Their mortgage comes due, they can't pay it--因为没有任何收成 they're not growing crops.他们失去了家庭农场已经不能再算是农民了 They lose the family farm, they lose their identity.。
GPD_TEE_SE_API_v1.0
TEE Secure Element API
Version 1.0 Public Release
July 2013 Document Reference: GPD_SPE_024
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THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第5集-- 内战)
[00:00.00] 本字幕由YYeTs人人影视原创翻译制作仅供学习禁止用于任何商业盈利行为更多影视更新请登陆[00:03.00][00:00.00]■[00:03.00][00:03.90]南北之战The North against the South.[00:06.10][00:08.36]手足相残Brother against brother.[00:09.36][00:13.09]内战是美国历史上最血腥的篇章The Civil War is the bloodiest in American history. [00:16.90][00:17.74]胜利不仅仅取决于战场上的血拼肉搏Victory will take far more than brute firepower on the battlefield.[00:22.25][00:24.69]技术通讯后勤Technology, communications, logistics.[00:31.87][00:31.88]正是这些火线背后的较量It's what happens behind the front lines[00:34.75]最终决定了这场关乎美国未来的战事that will ultimately decides this battle for America's future.[00:40.31][00:43.90]我们是前锋也是先驱We are pioneers...and trailblazers.[00:48.71][00:48.72]我们为自由而战We fight for freedom.[00:52.19][00:52.23]我们将梦想付诸现实We transform our dreams into the truth.[00:55.22]我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生Our struggles will become a nation.[00:59.22][00:59.87] 美国: 我们的故事[01:03.19][01:07.08] 第五集内战[01:10.62][01:12.44]1862年内战进入高潮1862, the Civil War is at its height.[01:16.25]南北双方North and South,[01:17.55]陷入了一场关乎美国未来的苦战locked in a bitter conflict for the future of America. [01:20.92][01:22.51]一种新式子弹A new kind of bullet[01:23.63]将这场战争带入了可怕的僵局has brought this war to a terrible deadlock,[01:26.70][01:30.13]造成了始料未及的大规模人员伤亡bringing death on a scale never previously seen in warfare.[01:34.71] 翻译：安小七爱卿Jose ww艾取子小Q[01:38.72] 校对：安小七精校：小坏时间轴：Sissi[01:42.73] 后期：鱼骨头总监：小坏[01:46.74]伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德的一家冶金铺里Here at a metal works in Springfield,Illinois,[01:49.56][01:49.67]熔铅踏上了历史舞台molten lead is beginning its journey,[01:52.41][01:55.12]成为了一种致命的破坏性原料becoming a lethal instrument of destruction.[01:58.49][01:58.79]熔铅所铸的子弹被称为迷你弹The bullet known as the minie ball.[02:01.79][02:03.33]这一小块未加工的铅就是This crude piece of lead is the primary reason[02:07.28]造成前所未有的伤亡的罪魁祸首for the unprecedented levels of slaughter in this war.[02:10.71][02:12.80]迷你弹发明于法国重一盎司直径半英寸Invented in France. It's an ounce in weight and a half inch across.[02:18.09]每人每小时可以铸造3000枚迷你弹One person can cast 3,000 minie balls an hour. [02:21.77][02:24.97]每一发这种不起眼的子弹Each one of these simple bullets[02:26.98]都可以在眨眼间洞穿人体can rip through a man's body in a fraction of a second. [02:30.49][02:33.93]南北双方都在使用迷你弹The minie ball is used by North and South alike.[02:37.45][02:38.12]对这种致命子弹的需求高涨Demand for this killer bullet runs so high[02:41.46][02:42.33]导致了一个全新工业的兴起that an entire industry springs up[02:44.59]专门为前线输送迷你弹supplying minie balls to the front line[02:47.15][02:51.80]北方一共铸造了超过5亿枚迷你弹In total, the North makes over half a billion minie balls,[02:55.38]准备送往前线ready to be fired from[02:56.75]武装士兵们手中的200万支步枪the 2 million muskets supplied to its men.[02:59.49][03:03.34]从多个角度看In many ways,[03:04.85]詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][03:08.85][03:04.85]内战都是第一场现代战争the Civil War was the first modern war[03:07.28]这是工业革命的影响深入到美国之后because it was the first war that took place [03:11.23]打响的第一场战争after the Industrial Revolution had begun to transform our country.[03:15.63][03:17.31]把这一箱子弹运送到前线去It will take over 33 hours for a bullet in this box[03:21.13]需耗时超过33小时行程逾800英里to travel the 800 plus miles to the battlefield [03:24.36][03:24.37]然后就等目标出现ready to find its target.[03:26.44][03:30.39]新式步枪比起传统武器来The new musket is much faster to reload[03:33.55][03:33.73]重新上膛的速度大大提升than traditional weapons.[03:35.85][03:36.89]装上火药Load the gun powder,[03:38.66][03:40.92]把子弹塞到底ram down the bullet,[03:42.64][03:48.61]然后就可以射击了and it's ready to fire.[03:50.42][03:56.02]布莱恩·威廉斯[NBC晚间新闻主播][03:58.62][03:54.60]想象一下这样的战斗状态Imagine warfare where your ability to load a musket [04:00.90]你给步枪的上膛速度是否快过敌方faster than the guy with the other musket [04:03.40]将直接决定你是生是死would determine if you lived or die.[04:06.61][04:26.85]枪管内壁的凹槽即装膛线Groove on the inside of the barrel, rifling,[04:29.99]让子弹旋转着射向目标spin the ball towards its target.[04:32.73][04:35.84]准度和射程的双重改进使其更加致命The improved accuracy and range are a deadly combination.[04:40.54][04:44.54] 理查德·麦克·马克威茨[军事专家前海豹突击队队员][04:49.55][04:44.54]前一秒一切太平One second -- everything's great[04:46.55]下一秒你的伙伴已经身首异处and the next second, your buddy's head is gone [04:50.84]或者他的一条胳膊飞了出去or his arm is flying off.[04:52.90][04:54.65]当一枚软金属步枪弹击中人体后的惨状You don't want to know what a soft metal musket ball does[04:59.93]你是不会想知道的when it enters the human body.[05:02.13][05:06.64]冲击过后子弹尖头变平On impact, the bullet flattens out.[05:10.71][05:12.44]骨头碎成尖片bone shattered into splinters[05:13.44][05:18.57]对肌肉和组织造成更深的伤害causing further damage to muscle and tissue. [05:21.71][05:24.35]通常情况下More often than not,[05:26.15][05:26.75]被子弹直接击中只有死路一条the result of a direct hit is death.[05:30.15][05:37.79]即使有了迷你弹这样的科技优势but for all the minie balls technological edge, [05:40.84]军队仍然采用传统的兵法战术the army still uses traditional military tactics.[05:44.72][05:49.46]让战争尤为惨烈的是What made it specifically tragic was[05:51.99]现代科技与更多的传统战术相结合modern technology meeting much more ancient tactics,[05:55.45][05:55.82]因此伤亡数字十分惊人so the death rates were truly appalling.[05:59.62][06:00.82]双方军队仍是直接正面交锋The troops still face one another openly[06:03.82]并维持着各自的战线with lines across the battlefield.[06:06.36][06:08.75]但迷你弹精确射程可达600码[约550米] But the minie ball is accurate over a range of 600 yards.[06:12.78][06:15.59]足以轻易贯穿两军间隔Easily spaning this distance.[06:18.06][06:20.94]而且其重新上膛时间更短And it can be reloaded[06:22.46]比传统武器要快八倍eight times faster than a traditional weapon.[06:25.56][06:31.57]后果是灾难性的The effects are catastrophic.[06:32.57][06:40.93]战死率相比之前的战争The kill rate increases dramatically[06:43.68]大幅上升compared to previously wars.[06:45.61][06:47.13]整个战场就像是经历了一场大屠杀Across the battlefield the results are carnage. [06:51.09]出乎意料伤亡数字空前巨大Blood and death on a previously unseen scales. [06:55.70][06:56.55]他们相互残杀尸体成群成排成堆They killed each other in droves in lines and in piles.[07:03.35][07:05.90]士兵亚历山大·亨特写道Soldier Alexander Hunter writes.[07:08.86][07:08.95]一个人趴在地上身体几乎分成了两半One lay on his face with his body almost in two parts.[07:13.01][07:14.59]另一个人中弹时还正在瞄准Another was shot just as he was taking aim,[07:17.92][07:18.18]一只眼还睁着而另一只眼已经闭上了one eye was still open while the other was closed,[07:21.09]胳膊伸出去的姿势还在握着步枪one arm extended in the position of holding his rifle[07:24.11][07:24.71]而步枪则躺在他身边的地上which laid beside on the ground.[07:27.21][07:28.39]双方的部队The troops on both sides[07:30.26]都必须在这弥漫着死亡气氛的环境中挣扎求生must live in the middle of this untold deafen suffering.[07:34.08][07:34.09]霍雷肖·查普曼在日记里记录了他的经历Horatio Chapman, records his experience in his diary.[07:38.40][07:38.64]有些地方死尸层层堆叠在一起The dead in some places were piled upon each other[07:41.75][07:41.78]伤员的呻吟和哀叹and the groans and moans of the wounded[07:43.78]实在令人耳不忍闻were truly saddening to hear.[07:45.78]一部分人苟延残喘但已失去知觉Some were just alive and gasping, but unconscious[07:49.65]而另一部分人重伤垂死others were mortally wounded[07:51.50]同时清醒地意识到自己已是命不久矣and were conscious of the fact that they could not live long.[07:54.64][07:59.19]截至北方获胜之时By the time of the North's final victory,[08:01.66]双方合计阵亡人数超过60万over 600,000 men on both sides are dead.[08:05.25]相当于当时美国人口的2% sum 2% of the entire US population.[08:09.60][08:09.99]按比例推算In current population terms,[08:12.01]相当于现在的600万人that's the equivalent of 6 million people.[08:15.32][08:21.23]死者中有近半数依然身份不明Almost half of the dead remain unidentified.[08:24.74][08:29.49]由于害怕自己会成为战场上的无名鬼The fear of dying forgot on the battlefield [08:31.97]士兵们第一次leave soldiers for the first time[08:33.68]开始在军装上画上自己的姓名和部队番号to begin painting their names and unions on their uniforms.[08:37.46][08:39.64]这些早期的士兵身份识别牌These crude early versions of the dog tag[08:42.98][08:42.99]在他们死后可以帮助辨认尸体的身份will make it possible to identify their bodies after they are killed.[08:47.12][08:53.17]此外美国日益发展的邮政服务For the first time, America's growing postal service, [08:56.77]让前线士兵们首次能够给亲友写信means soldiers can write to their loved ones from the front.[09:00.58][09:01.06]由于当时还没有如今的军队审查制度With none of today's military censorship, [09:03.89][09:03.90]这就让诸如罗伯特·斯泰尔斯的士兵们it allows soldiers like Robert Stiles[09:06.47]得以将前线生活的恐怖现实传播出去to relay the terrifying realities of life on thefront line.[09:10.89][09:13.15]萦绕在我们身边的惨状和气味The sights and smells that assailed us[09:16.52]实在让人无法形容were simply indescribable.[09:18.20][09:20.47]尸体肿胀成了原来的两倍大小Corpse swollen to twice their original size.[09:24.14][09:24.30]有些尸体甚至会因Some of them actually burst sunder[09:26.99]淤塞的气体的压力过大而爆开with the pressure of foul gases and vapours.[09:30.20][09:33.28]潜藏在这场大屠杀背后深层次的政治仇恨Fueling this carnage lies the deep political animosity[09:37.32]才是战争爆发的根源that has led to this war.[09:39.55][09:41.10]在这场被喻为In the bitter conflict that[09:42.30][09:42.31]"手足相残"的苦战中has pitted as"brother against brother",[09:44.32]南方决意捍卫其独立地位the South has determined to defend its independence [09:47.42]以及奴隶制and the system of slavery.[09:49.64][09:50.87]而北方绝不会任由南方脱离联邦But the North will not allow it to leave the Union of States.[09:54.84][09:57.84]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][10:03.05][09:57.73]交战过后We fought and lost[09:59.00]双方都损失了数十万军人hundreds of thousands of men on both sides[10:01.06]都是为了捍卫自己心中的信仰fighting for what they believe is right.[10:03.65][10:07.42]新式武器和传统兵法的结合非常恐怖The unholy alliance of new weapons and outdated battle tactics,[10:11.38]导致了死亡率达到了工业化的规模means the body count on an industrial scale. [10:15.20][10:17.21]战争陷入了血腥的僵局The war is locked in a bloody stalemate.[10:20.35][10:20.36]双方都无法发起决定性的一击Neither side can land a decisive blow.[10:23.47][10:26.27]在这场相持不下的战争中In this bitter war of attrition,[10:28.58][10:31.23]胜利属于坚持到最后的人victory will come to the last man standing.[10:35.35][10:43.31]1862年8月开战已逾一年August 1862, over a year into the war.[10:46.31][10:48.21]罗伯特·E·李将军所领导的南方联盟军队General Robert E Lee's Confederate Army,[10:51.11]准备好发动一起大规模的进攻is readying to launch a wide ranging assault ,[10:53.96]对手是弗吉尼亚的联邦军队against Union forces in Virginia.[10:56.89][10:58.57]士气高昂的士兵们Highly motivated[11:00.09]将在他们的故土上大战一场these men are fighting on their home turf,[11:02.80]并时刻准备好为捍卫南方独立and are ready to die for Southern independence [11:05.58]为维护传统的乡村生活方式而牺牲and traditions, and its rural way of life.[11:09.10][11:10.63]南方的繁荣完全依托于一种农作物Its prosperity is built around a simple crop-- [11:14.00][11:15.02]棉花cotton.[11:16.57][11:18.67]棉花被喻为"白色黄金" Known as white gold,[11:20.44]南方的棉产量the South accounts for[11:21.97]占世界总产量的三分之二two thirds of the world's supply of cotton.[11:24.58][11:26.09]棉花给南方各州带来了惊人的财富And it brings extraordinary wealth to the Southern states.[11:29.50][11:31.16]但这笔财富却是建立在奴隶的血汗之上的but its wealth built on the backs of slaves.[11:35.43][11:39.55]而如今林肯的票选胜利Now Lincoln's victory at the ballot box[11:41.84]对这种传统生活方式构成了威胁threatens this traditional way of life,[11:44.77]使它所赖以生存的奴隶制岌岌可危the slavery it is built on.[11:48.00][11:54.56]不愿屈服于北方统治Rather than submit to Northern rule,[11:56.69]南方决定一战the South decides to fight.[11:58.83][11:58.87]他们想要分而治之They want a separate nation.[12:01.21][12:04.52]罗伯特·E·李将军担任General Rober E Lee takes command[12:07.45]新成立的北弗吉尼亚军队总指挥at the head of the newly formed army of Northen Virginia.[12:11.01][12:11.37]李是毕业于西点军校的高材生Lee, a brilliant graduate of the elite Westpoint Academy[12:15.16]又在墨西哥战争中久经历练is already a veteran of the Mexican War.[12:17.95][12:23.07]他在战场上的高效率一直为人所称道Highly regarded for his effectiveness on the battlefield.[12:26.97][12:29.13]李可以凭直觉主导战况Lee could intuit the battlefield[12:32.13][12:32.22]这一点很像二战中的隆美尔in a way that almost resembles Rommel in[12:35.69][12:34.69]纽特·金里奇[前美国国会众议院议长][12:36.69][12:35.69]或是巴顿World War II, or Patton,[12:37.18][12:37.23]因此他从某种程度上可以感觉到and as a result, he could sort of almost sense [12:41.04]哪里适合放手一搏where the place would be to take the gamble[12:43.32]哪里适合迎头一击and where to hit.[12:45.14][12:46.30]1862年弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯Manassas Virginia, 1862,[12:49.64][12:49.75]南方联盟军在布尔溪confederal troops gather ahead[12:51.39]第二次战役前集结起来of the second battle of Bull Run.[12:53.74][12:56.06]李的兵力相比对手严重不足Lee's forces are heavily outnumbered.[12:58.98][13:00.62]但是这片弗吉尼亚林地But this Virginia woodland[13:02.75]是这些志愿军的地盘is home territory for these volunteer troops[13:05.30]他们对地形了如指掌known like the back of their hand.[13:07.59]严苛的训练和严格的军规Rigid training and strict discipline[13:09.81]把他们变成了一支令人望而生畏的武装力量has turned them into a formidable fighting force.[13:13.05][13:14.83]如果你是当时的一名赌徒If you've been a betting man back then,[13:16.56]你一定会把胜算押在南方you would have bet the South would have won.[13:17.98]戴维·鲍尔达奇[犯罪推理小说作家][13:19.98][13:17.98]南方要做的只是守住领地而已The South only had to hold its territory,[13:20.59]而北方需要深入敌后攻城略地the North had to come and take it away,[13:22.45]北方必须成为占领军the North had to be the occupying force[13:23.56]而这一点难度更大which is far harder to do.[13:24.56][13:35.50]在布尔溪李轻松展示了他麾下军队的优势At Bull Run, Lee easily demonstrates his force's superiority.[13:40.35][13:48.80]在一场仅持续了10分钟的交战中In one engagement lasting just 10 minutes, [13:51.94]北军士兵纽约第五团损失的兵力the yankee 5th New York regiment loses more men [13:55.26]比整个内战中其他任何一个团损失的都要多than any other regiment during the entire Civil War.[13:59.07][14:03.45]李的队伍一共歼灭了超过1700名联邦士兵All tolled, Lee's men kill over 1700 Union soldiers.[14:08.63][14:12.83]必胜的决心以及主场优势Determination and local knowledge[14:15.13]给南方带来了开战以来最大的一场胜利give the South their greatest victory in the war to date.[14:18.63][14:23.47]但李和他的指挥官们But Lee and his commanders[14:25.29]低估了这场战斗的性质have underestimated the nature of this conflict...[14:28.45][14:30.20]也低估了他们的对手and of their opponent,[14:32.18]亚伯拉罕·林肯总统President Abraham Lincoln.[14:33.79][14:34.88]因为林肯正在谋划一场全新的战争Because Lincoln is fighting a totally new kind of war,[14:38.31][14:39.43]而南方的对手们却对此全然无知and the Southern adversaries just don't get it. [14:42.91][14:54.05]一列火车满载着飞驰南下A packed train speeds on its way south,[14:56.92][14:56.93]给联邦军队带去生力军和给养ready to replenish the Union Army with fresh troops and supplies.[15:01.64][15:03.46]乔治·班尼迪克中尉在家书中写道Lieutenant George Benedict writes home. [15:06.45][15:06.60]我们被塞进运货车厢We were stowed away in freight cars[15:08.27][15:08.57]驶出这座城市and started out of the city.[15:10.80][15:11.90]车上除了我们团以外还载有600名军人The train took 600 other troops besides our regiment,[15:15.53]以及34节装得满满的车厢and numbered 34 heavily loaded cars.[15:18.02][15:24.07]铁路是此战中林肯的秘密武器之一The railroad, one of Lincoln's hidden weapons in this war.[15:28.20][15:33.30]这是总统直接下令进行的调度In one key operation ordered directly by the President[15:36.99][15:38.99]25000名新兵25,000 fresh troops[15:40.80]被送往1200英里以外的南方were sent on a 1200-mile journey to the South. [15:44.69][15:51.76]如果从公路走需要两个多月By road it would take over two months.[15:54.31][15:55.48]而通过铁路只需7天便可到达By rail, it will take these men just seven days. [15:59.59][16:04.17]自从19世纪30年代开建以来Following its introduction in the 1830's,[16:06.89][16:06.90]美国的铁路设施America's rail infrastructure has[16:08.71]渐渐将触角延伸到了全国的每个角落gradually spread its tentacles across the country.[16:11.60][16:14.42]林肯意识到这将彻底改变军队调度效率Lincoln realizes it can revolutionize the speed of troop deployments.[16:18.84][16:25.01]他和铁路拥有者们达成协议He strikes a deal with the rail owners[16:27.29]将北方铁路网纳入政府管辖to put the North railroad network under government control.[16:30.90][16:32.71]这使铁路也成为了一种战争武器It turns the railroad into a weapon of war.[16:36.40][16:38.62]军队不再像以前那样Instead of armies being limited[16:40.51][16:39.51]詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][16:42.51][16:40.51]被行军速度所限to the speed at which they can march,[16:43.04]突然之间你可以通过铁路all of a sudden, you had armies being able to move [16:46.41]把军队输送到前线to up to the front by rail.[16:48.95]而更重要的是后勤供给And more importantly, supplies.[16:51.72][16:54.88]给养和部队Supplies and troops[16:56.25]通过铁路从北方源源不断地输往前线pour out of the North toward the battle front. [16:58.82][16:58.85]有些繁忙的路线每天要运输800吨给养Some busy lines carry 800 tons of supplies a day,[17:02.75]相当于80节车厢的货运量the equivalent of 80 railroad cars.[17:06.02][17:08.84]林肯手中掌控的北方24000英里的铁路线In Lincoln's hands, the 24,000 miles of railroad tracks in the North[17:13.46]成了他战争武器的杀手锏becomes an arm of his war machine.[17:16.08][17:19.49]但南方所拥有的铁路网则小得多But the South has a far smaller network.[17:22.49]战争初期只有9000英里Just 9,000 miles at the start of the war[17:25.34]并且一直为私人所有and it remains under private control.[17:28.60][17:32.43]战争持续的四年中In the four years the war lasts,[17:34.73]北方新修了4000英里铁路线the North adds 4,000 miles of new track to it's network [17:38.39]而南方只新修了400英里against just 400 miles in the South.[17:41.41][17:46.03]铁路物资供给协调不力This inability to coordinate rail supplies[17:48.82]给南方带来了毁灭性的打击will prove disastrous for the South.[17:51.61][17:51.82]尽管他们离首都里士满只有30英里Even though they're just 30 miles from their capital in Richmond.[17:55.40]1863年冬落后的铁路运输In the winter of 1863, poor rail links[17:59.01][17:59.02]却使弗吉尼亚州的南方军队陷入饥荒mean Southern troops in Virginia starve. [18:02.33][18:09.20]尽管南方军队兵强马壮斗志昂扬For all their brilliance and determination in battle,[18:12.06]但他们唯独因为缺乏后勤供应the South simply lackd the logistics[18:14.53]而无法发动致命的一击to deliver a decisive blow.[18:16.91][18:19.95]而且不仅仅铁路运输存在问题And it isn't simply rail.[18:21.91][18:24.75]林肯意识到要取得胜利Lincoln realizes that victory[18:26.79]还得尽可能调动北方的一切工业力量depends on mobilizing the entire industrial might of the North[18:29.94]作为战争的强大后盾behind the war effort.[18:32.10][18:34.67]战争时期北方的服装生产量翻了一番Production of clothing in the North doubles during the conflict.[18:38.64][18:39.82]草耙制造商开始生产利剑Pitchfork manufacturers start making swords,[18:43.42]与此同时战争期间美国专利品数量增长了一倍while the number of patents doubles in the course of the war.[18:47.25][18:48.35]制造业技术产业基础设施Manufacturing, technology, infrastructure.[18:53.00][18:53.21]使得美国面貌焕然一新It will change the face of America.[18:56.09][18:57.91]有史以来第一次For the first time in history,[18:59.81]工业成为战争的强大后盾industry is put behind the war effort,[19:03.04][19:03.76]在一战和二战期间an approach to conflict[19:05.42]美国都运用了这种that America will exploit[19:07.07]调动工业力量的战略in the First and Second World Wars.[19:09.42][19:11.50]这是一种新的一体化经济的开端It is the beginning of a new, integrated economy. [19:15.56][19:15.62]即将成为现代经济的特征It will be the hallmark of the modern age.[19:18.88][19:26.91]在与白宫一街之隔的一幢建筑里In a building just across the road from the White House[19:29.98][19:30.14]有一个小房间is a small room.[19:31.80]它成了战争时期林肯的作战指挥中心It will become Lincoln's nerve center in this war.[19:34.89][19:36.17]在小房间的中央有一个简单的装置And at its heart, a simple device[19:39.74]改变了这场战争的作战方式和获胜途径that will transform how this war is fought and won:[19:44.28][19:44.62]这就是电报the telegraph.[19:46.47][19:51.06]1844年发明的摩尔斯电码The invention of Morse Code in 1844[19:53.96]使电报成为美国最早的大众通讯工具turns the telegraph into America's first tool of mass communication.[19:58.51][20:05.43]它编码迅速以点线构成的基本系统Quickly encoded, the basic system of dots and dashes[20:09.31]对于发送简短信息再理想不过了is ideal for brief messages.[20:11.70][20:15.36]就像今天的推特一样Like Twitter today,[20:16.71]发送转录消息只需要几秒钟it needs just seconds to send them and transcribe them.[20:20.63][20:23.95]曾经传令员需要花费数日Where messengers previously took days[20:27.22]快马加鞭数百英里on horse back, over hundreds of miles[20:29.24]跋山涉水才可以将信息送达and across every kind of terrain,[20:31.90][20:33.64]现在全国50000英里的电报网now the country's 50,000 mile telegraph network [20:37.76]意味着通讯几乎是在瞬间完成means communication is almost instantaneous. [20:41.48][20:42.49]电线杆与铁路线并排延伸As telegraph poles snake out alongside the railroad lines, [20:45.36]这个广袤的国家距离在缩短this vast country begins to shrink.[20:49.28][20:57.58]这改变了这场战争的本质It will transform the nature of this war,[21:00.54][21:00.61]因为信息和决策as information and decisions[21:02.45]如今能够以光速在各地来回传送can flow backwards and forwards, at lightning speed.[21:06.38][21:06.93]这算得上是电子邮件的早期形式It became kind of the early version of e-mail. [21:09.73][21:09.93]史蒂芬·约翰逊[著名作家][21:14.06][21:09.73]突然之间Suddenly it was possible[21:10.33]身处圣路易斯的某人可以把消息传给to get a message to somebody from St. Louis[21:11.93]比如说传给纽约的某个人you know, to get a message to New York[21:14.06][21:14.07]而这些都只需要很短的时间in a shockingly short amount of time.[21:16.92][21:19.58]林肯马上意识到了Lincoln immediately realizes[21:21.56]电报作为一个战争武器的潜力the telegraph's potential as a weapon of war. [21:24.77][21:26.46]他坚决要求安装He insists on the installation of telegraph lines[21:28.72]直通陆军部的电报线路directly into the War Department.[21:31.74][21:36.23]并迅速采取行动And he quickly acts to[21:37.51]将联邦内的所有电报传输设施都划归军方控制place all telegraph facilities in the Union under military control.[21:42.44][21:47.67]这个电报办公室成为一个中央枢纽The Telegraph Office becomes the central hub [21:50.87]林肯在这里组织指挥控制战事of Lincoln's war operation. His command and control center.[21:55.35][21:59.54]他忙的时候甚至会睡在这里He even takes to sleeping here at busy times.[22:02.88][22:04.80]电报办公室的经理大卫·荷马·贝茨The Telegraph Office manager, David Homer Bates,[22:07.95]描述了林肯有多专注于describes how Lincoln obsesses[22:10.12]战争前线传来的任何一条消息over every scrap of news from the front:[22:12.52][22:12.57]他常常逐字逐句读这些急件sometimes reading dispatches word by word[22:15.07]就像是在破译密码一般as they are deciphered.[22:17.35][22:22.09]每次林肯走进房间Lincoln's habit was to go immediately to the drawer[22:24.79]就会习惯性地直接去查看抽屉each time he came into our room,[22:27.14][22:28.19]从最上面的电报开始仔细阅读and read over the telegraphs beginning at the top [22:31.22]一直读到他上次已经看过的为止until he came to the one he had seen on his previous visit.[22:34.89][22:40.47]北方的电报网The North's telegraph network[22:42.11]延伸发展到四面八方spreads its tentacles far and wide,[22:44.57]从各处采集的信息反馈到了林肯sucking information back to Lincoln[22:46.43]和他在华盛顿的指挥官们手中and his commanders in Washington.[22:49.23][22:52.54]这将全局性的战略视野It gives him a vast strategic overview,[22:55.47]和无可匹敌的前瞻思维providing him an unrivaled insight[22:58.07]融入了他的指挥战术into his commanders' tactical thinking.[23:04.00]林肯得以随时跟踪着Lincoln himself was able to stay on top of,[23:06.81]詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][23:11.00][23:06.81]可以说是每小时都在更新literally, hour-by-hour[23:08.90]专注着每场战斗的即时战况developments in the course of individual battles. [23:11.51]以前从没有指挥官能做到这一点That had never happened before.[23:13.82][23:16.60]让他的将军们有些恼火的是To the irritation of his generals,[23:18.68]这甚至让他得以直接发布自己的命令it even allows him to issue his own direct orders,[23:21.97]告诉他们该如何作战telling them how to fight.[23:23.97][23:27.14]在其中一场战役里In one campaign,[23:28.58]当李将军的部队逼近华盛顿with General Lee's forces threatening Washington, [23:31.28]林肯用电报直接向将军们下令Lincoln responds by telegraphing direct orders to his generals.[23:35.33][23:45.61]班克斯将军的位置已暴露The exposed position of General Banks[23:48.01]因此当务之急是解除他的指挥权makes his immediate relief a point of paramount importance.[23:52.09][23:52.41]你现在直接听命于总统You are therefore directed by the President[23:55.35][23:55.36]立刻移师哈里斯堡迎战杰克逊部to move against Jackson at Harrisonburg. [23:58.41][23:59.12]务必立即出发This movement must be made immediately.[24:02.48][24:03.47]整个南北战争期间In the course of the war,[24:04.67]林肯从这个小办公室发出了约1000份电报Lincoln sends almost 1000 telegrams from the small office.[24:08.95][24:17.82]但南方从未意识到电报的这一潜力But the South never grasps the potential of the telegraph[24:21.44]它可以建立一个集中的指挥和控制系统in creating a centralized command and control system.[24:24.91][24:29.40]这也意味像李这样南方的将军们It means Southern generals like Lee[24:31.49]只能在没有战略全局观的条件下指挥作战must plan their battles without that kind of strategic overview.[24:35.60][24:41.65]随着战争的继续As the war continues,[24:43.45]林肯使出了他那战争机器的致命杀招Lincoln brings down the hammer of his war machine.[24:49.79]工业Industry.[24:51.98]通讯和供给线路Lines of communication and supplies,[24:54.16]兵力火力都被调动起来manpower and firepower, are all marshalled[24:57.06]向南方联盟军发动一波接一波的攻击to deliver a blow after blow to the Confederate Army.[25:00.75][25:03.30]然而南方But the South,[25:04.40]坚信他们是在为正义而战bolstered by the belief in the rightness of its cause [25:07.51]仍旧负隅顽抗拒绝投降doggedly refuses to give in.[25:10.25][25:12.82]因此死亡人数不断攀升As a result, the death toll just keeps rising.[25:16.73][25:19.18]1862年安提耶坦一役中At Antietam in 1862,[25:23.03]6000士兵阵亡6,000 are killed.[25:24.68][25:27.11]17000士兵负伤17,000 wounded.[25:29.76][25:34.33]是二战时诺曼底登陆死伤人数的四倍Over four times as many as during world War II's D-Day landings.[25:38.92][25:43.11]巨大的伤亡催生了一场战地医疗的革命The carnage will trigger a revolution in battlefield medicine.[25:47.70][25:57.13]内战时期军队外科医生实施的手术3/4 of all operations conducted by army surgeons [26:00.97]四分之三均为截肢during the Civil War are amputations.[26:03.65][26:05.09]外科医生威廉·沃森所写的信里Letters from surgeon William Watson[26:07.53]记录了当时战场上急诊医师的工作状况record what these battlefield ERs were like. [26:10.92][26:11.37]前天我一共进行了14个截肢手术Day before yesterday I performed 14 amputations[26:14.49][26:14.50]一刻也没有离开手术台without leaving the table.[26:16.14]我可以毫不夸张地说I do not exaggerate when I say[26:17.85][26:17.86]算起来我起码做了50台截肢手术I have performed at the least calculation, 50 amputations.[26:22.25]很多士兵的关节受了重伤There are so many severely wounded to the joints. [26:25.15]还有很多手术要做There are so many operations yet to be performed.[26:28.30][26:28.88]外科医生西奥多·戴蒙描述了Surgeon Theodore Dimon describes[26:31.23]由迷你弹这类武器所造成的可怕伤口the hideous wounds left by weapons like the Minie ball.[26:35.45]迷你弹对长骨带来的冲击The shattering, splintering, and splitting[26:38.64]所造成的骨骼粉碎破裂撕烂of a long bone by the impact of a Minie ball [26:41.08]触目惊心令人胆寒is both remarkable and frightening.[26:44.94][26:47.03]一位有经验的外科医生An experienced surgeon[26:48.89]可以在十分钟内截掉一段肢体can hack off a limb in just ten minutes.[26:51.31][26:52.33]当时的麻醉药是乙醚和氯仿Ether and chloroform are used as anesthetics.[26:56.30][26:59.59]即使从枪口下逃生伤口感染也会致命If a bullet doesn't kill you, then infection can.[27:04.03][27:05.18]坏疽是最大的杀手Gangrene is the greatest killer.[27:07.79][27:08.01]由于隔绝了氧气Deprived of oxygen,[27:09.40]伤口成了梭菌理想的滋生地wounds become an ideal breeding ground for clostridium,[27:13.25][27:15.64]这种细菌释放出毒素破坏组织结构a bacteria that releases a poisonous toxin destroying tissue.[27:20.45][27:21.82]紧随其后的便是死亡Death can follow quickly.[27:24.71][27:26.38]据估计内战时期共进行了6万次截肢手术Approximately 60,000 amputations are performed during the Civil War,[27:31.53][27:31.59]这个数字超过了美国参与的其他任何战争more than in any other war America has fought in.[27:35.26][27:35.96]死于伤口感染和疾病的士兵人数Twice as many soldiers died from infected wounds and disease[27:38.94]是死在战场上人数的两倍as on the battlefield.[27:41.68][27:47.10]空前巨大的伤亡This unprecedented carnage[27:49.21]迫使人们开始重新审视传统战地医疗forces a complete rethink of traditional battlefield medicine.[27:53.56][27:56.02]照顾士兵们的健康Looking after the well-being of soldiers[27:58.15]对提升部队战斗力来说becomes as central to the war effort[28:00.37]与枪支弹药的供给同等重要as the supply of guns and ammunition.[28:03.08][28:06.15]大量的妇女志愿加入战地护士的队伍Large numbers of women sign up as battlefield nurses.。
美国我们的故事(英文脚本)
History Channel America: The Story of USHistory has earned some inspiring look at how self-determination and innovation made America. Now, a special introduction from the President of United States.Good evening. Over two hundred years ago, the world waited and watched to see if an unlikely experiment called America would succeed. It has. Not because the success was certain, or because it was easy, but because generations of Americans dedicated their lives and the sacred honor to a cause greater than themselves.This has been especially true in moments of great trial, when a ragtag group of patriots overthrew an empire to secure the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, when an Illinois rail splitter proved for all time that the government of, by and for the people would endure, when marchers' brave beatings on the Alabama bridge in the name of equality, freedom and justice for all.Moments like these remind us that our American stories have never been inevitable, those made possible by ordinary people, who kept moral compass pointed straight and true, when the way seemed treacherous, when the climb seemed steep, when the future seemed uncertain, people who were recognized as the fundamental part of our American character. We can remake ourselves, and our nation to fit our larger dreams. Tonight, thorough the series, I hope you'd be inspired by these extraordinary men and women, and think about how this generation will write the next chapter in our great American story. Thank you, and enjoy the show.We are a land of many nations. We are New World explorers. We are the huddled masses. Yearning to breathe freedom, we'll risk it all. We have the courage to dream the impossible, and make it the truth. We stand our ground. Charge headlong towards our destiny.Adventurers sail across an ocean to start a new life. A nation is born, which becomes the envy of the world. But in search of freedom, friends become foes, and these new Americans, will wage a war against the world's greatest military power. We are pioneers and trailblazers. We fight for freedom. We transform our dreams into the truth. Our struggles will become a nation.Episode OneShiploads of businessmen and true believers are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world. May 1610. 120 years after Columbus, it's still a perilous journey. One ship, The Deliverance, carries a cargo that will change America forever.All hands over here. Onboard is John Rolfe, a 24-year-old English farmer. Ambitious, self-reliant, visionary. A born entrepreneur. What takes us six hours today by plane was then a voyage of more than two months. Seven of the early adventurers out of every ten will be dead within a year.Land ahoy! But the risks are worth it. North America is the ultimate land of opportunity: A continent of vast untapped wealth, starting with the most valuable resource of all --- land. What will be home to more than 300 million people lies under a blanket of forest covering nearly half the land. More than 50 billion trees. Further west, 9 million square miles of vast American wilderness. 60 million bison roam the plains. And underground, there are rumors of gems, silver and the largest seams of gold in the world. The settlers expect nothing less than El Dorado. But what Rolfe finds at the English settlement of Jamestown, is hell on Earth. More than 500 settlers made the journey before Rolfe. “Hello?” “Hello?” Barely 60 remain. It's called "The StarvingTime". Having fed on horses and other animals, we ate boots, shoes, and any other leather we came across. “Somebody, help!” Three months before Rolfe arrives, a man is burned at the stake for killing his pregnant wife and planning to eat her.The English arrive unprepared for this new world and unwilling to perform manual labor. Instead of livestock, they've brought chemical tests for gold that they never find. And this is not their land. They build Jamestown in the middle of a Native American empire. 60 starving settlers among 20,000 of the Powhatan Nation, armed with bows and arrows that are up to nine times faster to reload and fire than an English musket. They're soon enemies. Only one in ten of the original settlers is left. John Rolfe didn't come to plunder and leave like the others. He's got his own plan. There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted. He's arrived with a supply of South American tobacco seeds, but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies. The Spanish control the worldwide trade.Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death. But John Rolfe has got his hands on some.No one knows how. And in the warm, humid climate and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay, Rolfe's tobacco crop flourishes. The first large harvest produced by these seeds is worth more than a million dollars in today's money.The great strength of America is our people. If you wanna know what it is the defining strength of America, it is our people, our immigrant tradition, our bringing in cultures from all over the world.I know what goes into making success. And when somebody's really successful, it's rarely luck. It's talent, it's brain power, it's lots of other things.Rolfe marries the daughter of the king of the Powhatan Empire. Her name becomes legend: Pocahontas. In England, Rolfe makes her a celebrity when her face is put on a portrait that sells all over London, advertising life in the New World. Shakespeare mentions the colony. England's rich invest money here. All of London knows about this land of plenty. Within two years, tobacco grows in every garden. From a living hell, Jamestown is America's first boomtown. Two years later, nearly 1,000 more settlers arrive, including 19 from West Africa. Slaves. But some go on to own their own land in Virginia. 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Africans were playing a shaping role in the creation of the colonies. That's pretty incredible. 30 years later, there are over 20,000 settlers in Virginia. America is founded on tobacco. For the next century and a half, it's the continent's largest export.Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, another group of English settlers lands in North America. They come ashore on a deserted beach 450 miles up the coast from Jamestown, and call the place Plymouth, after the English port they sailed from. These are a different breed of settler, a group of religious dissidents with faith at the center of their lives. They made the dangerous Atlantic crossing, seeking religious freedom in the New World.24-year-old apprentice printer Edward Winslow arrives with a group of religious sectarians on a boat called the Mayflower. By April 1621, their settlement is taking shape. The Mayflower returns to England.The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land. A great hope and inward zeal we had of laying some great foundation for the propagating and advancing the gospel of the kingdom of Christ, in those remote parts of the world. They're 19 families. Goats, chickens, pigs and dogs. They have spinning wheels, chairs, books, guns. And no way home. If you create this environment as a land of opportunity, then you're gonna attract those type of people who wanna take that risk, whohave-- wanna take that gamble and who believe in a better life.They were heading for the Hudson River, but they've landed 200 miles further north at the beginning of winter. They have arrived in the middle of a mini ice age, temperatures 2 degrees colder than today. Winters are longer, growing seasons shorter. The soil is poor. Little grows. Food supplies run low. In the first three months, more than half the Pilgrims die.William Bradford is the governor of a community soon in desperate trouble. It pleased God to visit us with death daily. Disease was everywhere. The living were scarcely able to bury the dead. They died sometimes two or three a day. Of 100 and odd persons, scarce 50 remained. At times, only six are fit enough to continue building their shelters. Susanna White's husband dies that first winter. Edward Winslow's wife perishes a month after. Within weeks, White and Winslow marry. They'll have five children. Today more than 10% of all Americans can trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. For a time, Plymouth provides the sanctuary they sought. “Edward! Edward! Edward, please go and look over there!” But like Jamestown, there were others here first.April 1621. The Pilgrims have been in the New World for five months. Barely half survive the first winter.But they're not the first Europeans to arrive on this coast. Five years before, European ships brought light-skinned people and plague. Almost nine out of ten of the local people are wiped out. The Pokanoket people don't need enemies. They make peace with the Pilgrims. They teach the English how to grow crops in sandy soil, using fish for fertilizer. But they want something in return. They have a common enemy--a rival tribe.And the English have powerful weapons. The Pilgrims aren't soldiers. But in the New World, they have to fight to survive. On August 14, 1621, Pilgrims and Pokanoket, shoulder to shoulder, will launch a surprise attack that will seal their future in this new land. It was resolved to send 14 men, well-armed, and to fall upon them in the night. The captain gave charge: Let none pass out. The rival tribe doesn't know what hit them. Surrounded, they have no answer for English firepower. Pokanoket and Pilgrims find common ground...and a chance to survive. Two unlikely allies. A partnership all too rare in North America.We have found the Indian very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. They are people without any religion or knowledge of any God, yet very trusty, quick of apprehension, ripe-witted... and just. Their victory brings a period of peace to the colony. Their friendship is celebrated in a feast. In time, it will become known as Thanksgiving.One of the main themes in the founding of America was a place to do business, a place to expand your horizons, a place to live a life of your own, practice your own religion. Those are the basic themes that brought people to these shores to colonize. It's the start of a period of prosperity, that will transform North America. From Jamestown and Plymouth, their descendants grow across the landscape. As more and more people cross the Atlantic--thousands, tens of thousands, people with different backgrounds, different reasons for being here...America becomes the place for everybody from everywhere.Rolling the dice, coming together to create 13 colonies. From Jamestown, agriculture spreads across the South, dirt farms transform into sprawling plantations. Irish, Germans, and Swedes push back the frontier. The Dutch bring commerce to a small island at the mouth of the Hudson River. In time, it will be named New York. The colonists are 2 inches taller, and far healthier, than those they left behind in Europe.The Puritans average eight children, and they are twice as likely to survive to adulthood. They are20% richer and pay only 1/4 of the taxes of those in England. Many still think of themselves as British, but each generation grows further from its roots. Nowhere more so than Boston.May 9, 1768. Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest, the British want a bigger piece of the action. A British customs official springs a surprise raid on The Liberty, a ship belonging to John Hancock, one of the richest men in Boston. But Hancock's crew has other ideas. They're carrying 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty. It's a radical act of rebellion against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away. To the British, they're just common smugglers. This mall skirmish changes everything. The British seize Hancock's ship, triggering riots that sweep through Boston. We didn't wanna pay taxes to a king and to a parliament where we didn't have a voice, and we didn't have any representation. We have a natural resentment toward government, which was how we were born. The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws. Boston was a city of commerce, culture, civilization, and revolution, unfolding right before the eyes of the colonists and the eyes of the British.October 1768. British soldiers clamp down on Boston, a port crucial to the British Empire...and a hub of global trade and commerce. Its dockyards are some of the busiest in the world, producing 200 ships a year from America's vast timber reserves. 1/3 of all British shipping is built in the colonies. Timber fuels the global economy...much like oil does today. Across New England, marks identify the tallest, strongest trees selected by the crown for British ships. England has lost most of its forests. It wants American wood. In Boston, there's one redcoat for every four citizens. It's a city under occupation. Paul Revere is a silversmith and one of Boston's prominent businessmen...an unlikely subversive. They formed and marched with insolent parade, drums beating, fifes playing, and colors flying, each soldier having received 16 rounds of powder and ball.He is an upper-middle-class figure, someone who has risen through his own efforts, his own talent. He represents what we have created on our own with very little help from our cousins across the Atlantic. But when revolution comes to North America...Revere will beat the center of it.Boston and the 13 colonies are an economic powerhouse, critical to Britain. Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America. The fishing fleet ships thousands of tons of salted cod to the Caribbean. Returns with sugar and molasses...raw material for rum. Taxed by the British after every exchange. In Africa, rum is the currency used to purchase the most profitable cargo of all...African slaves.Between 1700 and 1800, more than 1/4 of a million Africans are brought to the American colonies. More slaves than all those who came of their own free will. Most wind up on large plantations in the South. But they're also critical to the economy of the North. 10% of Boston's population is black. Boston is a melting pot, and tension is building.Nobody likes invaders in their homes. To have people here, foreigners on your soil, is something-- is a great incentive for people to fight. March 5, 1770. After three days of unrest, an angry mob roams the streets. Hundreds of men who lost their jobs and blame the British gather on King Street and face off against eight redcoats with orders not to fire. What's about to happen will change America forever. A 17-year-old wig maker's apprentice, Edward Garrick, lights the fuse.This is how wars start. Come on, let's have it! Private Hugh Montgomery is hit with a club. An African-American, Crispus Attucks, dies instantly. Everybody, run! When the smoke clears, four more are dead. How Boston reacts will change the course of history. Silversmith and political radical Paul Revere captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists in the streets of Boston.His engraving will fuel the fires of revolution as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies. Unhappy Boston see thy sons deplore, thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore, whilst faithless Preston and his savage bands, with murderous rancor, stretch their bloody hands. The most formidable army in the world firing on an unarmed crowd. An explosive image with a title that says it all: "The Bloody Massacre." There was the old joke, "You give me a picture, I'll give you a war." Those who wanted to stir things up and to make a statement and maybe even lead a revolution, it made them able to rally others to their side.News spreads fast. The colonists are avid readers, a legacy from the first Bible-reading Puritans in Plymouth. Boston has the first weekly newspaper. There are now more than 40 papers across the colonies. And the new postmaster general, Benjamin Franklin...has introduced a revolutionary postal-delivery system. Night riders cut the delivery time in half. The communications network connecting the colonies is one of the best in the world. And the British have no idea. They hope the news can be contained. Before news reaches England, most of America knows about the Boston Massacre. It's a very American spirit of an idea, this idea that everybody should have access to knowledge. It's very much like that pioneering idea, everybody should be able to make their way in the world. A printer in Connecticut can read the exact same story as a farmer in North Carolina.December 1773. "The Boston Gazette" breaks another story, that will fan the flames of rebellion. The rising tide of anger and resentment forces England's hand. They repeal all taxes...except one, on tea. It's not enough. In one of the most famous acts of resistance in American history, Rebels dump over $1 million worth of tea in Boston Harbor. When someone comes along and smacks us, we don't turn the other cheek. That's not who we are. Move it! The British respond by shutting down Boston Harbor...one of America's busiest, wealthiest ports. Come on, lad. Hundreds lose their jobs. The British mean to strangle any resistance from the rebellious colony of Massachusetts. America is about to change forever. Tensions escalate far beyond Boston. Settlers are pushing west. Many have their eyes set on new land west of the Appalachians. But to protect Native American lands, England has banned settlements, along a boundary called the Proclamation Line. Hundreds are evicted from their homes on the frontier.September 5, 1774. We want liberty...Incensed at the British actions, 56 delegates from across the colonies gather at the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia. It's the first step on the road to American democracy. Among them are John Adams, Patrick Henry, and a gentleman landowner from Virginia named George Washington. At a time when our lordly masters in Great Britain will be satisfied with nothing less than the deprivation of American freedom, it seems highly necessary that something should be done to maintain liberty. Across New England, people prepare to defend themselves. Smuggled arms are collected and stashed in secret hideaways. But while many expect conflict, most delegates in Philadelphia want peace with Britain. A military action would make a wound that would never be healed. That's good, we don't have all day, let's go, come on. The First Continental Congress resolves that a British attack on any one colony will be regarded as an attack on all of them. What emerges at Philadelphia is solidarity. The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Englanders, and New Yorkers are no more. I'm not a Virginian. I am an American. The future of the 13 American colonies hangs in the balance.Spring 1775. Near Concord, Massachusetts. Get in here, get those weapons stacked up. We haven't got all day. Local gunsmith Isaac Davis puts the town militia through basic training. The American patriots knew that they were doing the right thing. You're starting the birth of a nation. You had toreally believe in what you were doing. You've gotta keep this clean here, sir. If you keep that clean, it'll save your life. If war comes, this will be America's first line of defense. A volunteer home guard with weapons paid for by local citizens. Gentlemen, it's looking good, it's looking good. Let's have some breakfast and move out. They're farmers, blacksmiths, and store owners. A fighting force of ordinary Americans. The militiamen of any of the colonies were made up of just its citizens. It was a citizen-based protection unit. And some of them had some skills, but some of them were just the carpenters. Some of them were just the mason or the blacksmith. I mean, these were the guys that--they had something at stake to protect their colony. So they started to form together, just trying to help protect each other. Every town across the colonies has its own militia, but now they're preparing to defend themselves against the British Army. Better than yesterday, better than yesterday. For six generations across Massachusetts, men are expected to serve as militiamen. In Massachusetts, 1/3 of all men between 16 and 50 are ready to bear arms at a minute's notice. Excellent, good shot. We keep this up, we're gonna give those redcoats a scare, all right? The British will not stand for any armed resistance.April 19, 1775. After midnight, 900 redcoats leave their barracks in Boston for Lexington and Concord, about 20 miles away. Their orders: Arrest the rebel leaders and seize their weapons. News of the British attack also reaches Paul Revere. His midnight ride will alert local militias. Revere rides ahead of the British troops. His warning spreads from town to town, across the New England countryside. Paul Revere reaches Lexington... in time to spread the word. The British are coming. We need to warn the militia. Get 'em together. Come on! By five in the morning, 60 militiamen line up. They're commanded by a farmer, John Parker. They're faced off against hundreds of well-armed and highly experienced British soldiers. What happens next will transform the world forever.Sunrise, April 19, 1775. On one side 60 men, poorly armed and barely trained. On the other, hundreds of the most powerful army in the world. Men who have only been active for a handful of months, An army that in the past 20 years has fought on five continents and defeated everything in its path. For these Rebels, the fight is for nothing less than freedom itself. These guys were revolutionaries, they were scallywags, they were rebels, some of them were gentlemen farmers, some of them were overeducated, some of them were undereducated. It really was the birth of a nation. The Lexington Militia gathers on the village common. Dairy farmers and shopkeepers. But also among them are free African-Americans and slaves.It is a unique experience that African-Americans have had in the military in America. African-Americans fought for the country, even before it was a country. African-Americans like Prince Estabrook. Give me training. You give me a weapon, and I can perform as well as you can. Then there's no power on Earth that's gonna hold me down forever. Stand your ground. Don't fire unless fired upon. But if we mean to have war, let it begin here. Captain John Parker once fought on the side of the British. 1/4 of the men standing at his side are related to him. No one knows who fires the first shot at Lexington...but it's the shot heard 'round the world. I mean, the redcoats, that's intimidating, the way they move, the way they march, the way they execute on that open space. I imagine, on some level, for the guy who works the printing press, this is overwhelming beyond anything you could possibly articulate in words.Fire! Prince Estabrook is hit in the first volley. No army in the world can stand toe-to-toe with the British, let alone a ragtag militia. Fire! The British fired up to four times the rate of the militia. Within minutes of the first shots fired at Lexington, eight Patriots are dead, ten wounded. TheAmerican Revolution has begun. The redcoats reach Concord at 9:00 in the morning. Acting on a tipoff from colonists loyal to the crown, they raid the militia's arms stash. But the Rebels have got there first...hiding almost everything.That's good, we don't have all day, let's go, come on. They continue to search for weapons, giving the Patriots more time to spread the word. The militia gathers just outside the town of Concord. By late morning, more than 1,000 have arrived from the surrounding villages. Their plan, to defend their towns against the British. Let's go! The British soldiers left their barracks 15 hours ago. And now they face a 20-mile march back to Boston. The Shattered lives...an occupied city...blood in the streets of Boston...and now Lexington. A people unified in the fight against tyranny. Now the Patriots have their chance. Gunsmith and militia leader Isaac Davis takes a bullet through the heart. The Patriots seize the upper hand and intend to make the British soldiers pay. They shadow the redcoats' march, firing on them the entire way. A third are killed or wounded. Seven generations after the first settlers left England, in search of prosperity and freedom, their descendants will have to fight for these rights. Standing in their way is the might of the world's greatest military superpower. And they're not about to give up their colonies lightly.A ragtag bunch of rebels faces the greatest military superpower of the day. It's a war they never should have won. This is the secret history of how they did it---daring, leadership, new ways of fighting and true American grit.Episode TwoNew York City. Gateway to North America. Today the financial capital of the world. Population: Eight Million people. In 1776, this is a city of just 20,000. It will soon become the battleground for the biggest land invasion in American history.Three miles from Wall Street, where 23rd Street crosses Lexington Avenue today the Rebels dig in to defend New York at Kips Bay. Commander of the Rebel Army is General George Washington. He has already driven the British out of Boston. A surprise victory against superior forces. But they'll be back.The hour is fast approaching on which the honor and success of this army, and the safety of our bleeding country depend. Joseph Plumb Martin enlisted in the Rebel forces at 15 inspired to fight under Washington's command. A farm boy, he joins thousands of untrained volunteers. Our Revolutionary Army was quite something. It was-- in a nation that wasn't really a nation yet, just starting out, and we took on the greatest superpower of the time. Washington's ragtag troops are about to face he best-equipped and most powerful fighting force in the world.June 29th. 45 British warships mass off Staten Island. Bearing down on New York City,the ultimate war machine of its day, the British ship-of-the-line. Each ship is made from over 2,000 century-old trees. Each carries hundreds more soldiers to the fight against the colonies. And each is armed with up to 64 heavy cannons capable of hurling a 24-pound cannonball at the speed of sound, delivering it to targets over a mile away. One ship-of-the-line costs the equivalent of a modern aircraft carrier. Another 350 British ships are racing across the Atlantic to join them. The British want to terrify the Rebels into submission. Instead, they inspire them to resist. On July 2nd, there's a crisis meeting in Philadelphia. 50 delegates elected to the Continental Congress from the 13 colonies hold an emergency session. They include radicals like Ben Franklin,Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. What they're debating is nothing less than high treason--totalindependence from Britain. The penalty is death. We are in the midst of a revolution, the most complete in the history of the world. It's the birth of American democracy. We have to expect a great expanse of blood to obtain it. Some don't believe the Rebels stand a chance. We are about to brave the storm in a skiff made of paper. But the doubters are outnumbered nearly five to one.On July 4, 1776, the delegates ratify a document that will change the world, the Declaration of Independence. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights."Now think about that. They're saying that your rights come not from the king, not from the government, your rights come from God and furthermore, they can't be taken away from you. They're unalienable. Every group: blacks, women, gays--everybody looks to the Declaration as a way of saying we are Americans, too. So the Declaration is the American creed. that among these are "Life"，"Liberty"and "the pursuit of Happiness." You cannot help but be stirred when you read those words. And you feel the excitement of being on the cusp of something so profound. We can be free. Now soldiers like Plumb Martin have something worth fighting for.On July 12th, two British warships open fire on New York City. It must have been quite a shock because New York, up to that point, was pretty quiet city. It was a business city. So you had significant support for the Rebels but also significant support for the people who were still loyal to the king. A month later, Joseph Reed, secretary to George Washington, tracks the British fleet massing off New York. Over 400 ships,the largest British Naval task force until D-day. 32,000 British troops prepare to storm Manhattan Island. They outnumber Patriot forces two to one. Just five of the biggest British ships carry more firepower than all the Patriot guns in the city. Reed is awed by the sight. When I look down and see the prodigious fleet they have collected, I cannot help being astonished that a people should come 3,000 miles at such risk, trouble and expense to rob, plunder and destroy another people because they will not lay their lives and fortune at their feet. It's the biggest attack on New York City until September 11, 2001. But the Rebels will stand and fight. The difference for me was that the British Army was fighting for a king and the Americans were fighting for their lives.Plumb Martin is one of 500 men standing guard at Kips Bay. Have a look. The first thing that saluted our eyes was all four ships at anchor within musket shot of us. "The Phoenix".I could read her name as distinctly as though I was directly underneath her stern.Pull out your gun! The assault begins.September 1776. New York is under fire. In one hour...2,500 British cannonballs smash the Rebel defenses at Kips Bay. 4,000 British troops storm Manhattan. Tough and battle-hardened, a British redcoat has six times more combat experience than a Patriot Army recruit. Get back in your lines! Washington watches his army collapse. Hold the line, men! They retreat along an ancient Native American path that will later be known as Broadway.September 20th. New York, now in British hands, burns. No one knows who starts the fire...but over two days it destroys a quarter of the city. It gives you a sense of the people who wanted to be free, how much they were willing to endure. The city being burned, the city being occupied. Gives you a sense of how much they wanted freedom. More than 3,000 Patriot POWs are thrown into prison ships in New York Harbor. The most notorious isthe HMS Jersey, nicknamed "Hell." One prisoner, Robert Sheffield, escaped to tell the tale. The air was so foul that at times a lamp could not be kept burning, by reason of which the bodies were not missed until they had been dead ten days. Nine in ten prisoners die. There is a memorial over。
我们的故事英文
我们的故事英文Our Story。
Our story began on a sunny day in the spring of 2010.It was a day like any other, but little did we know that it would be the start of something beautiful and life-changing. We met at a mutual friend's party, and from the moment our eyes met, we knew that there was something special between us.As we got to know each other, we discovered that we had so much in common. We both loved to travel, explore new cultures, and try new foods. We shared a passion for adventure and a desire to make the most out of life. Our conversations flowed effortlessly, and we found ourselves lost in each other's company for hours on end.Before we knew it, we were inseparable. We laughed together, cried together, and supported each other through the ups and downs of life. Our love only grew stronger witheach passing day, and we knew that we had found our soulmate in each other.We embarked on countless adventures together, creating memories that would last a lifetime. From hiking in the mountains to lounging on tropical beaches, we experienced the world hand in hand. We faced challenges and celebrated victories together, always knowing that we had each other's backs.In 2015, we decided to take the next step in our journey and tie the knot. Our wedding day was a dream come true, surrounded by our loved ones as we declared our love and commitment to each other. It was a day filled with joy, laughter, and happy tears, and we knew that we were ready to take on whatever the future held for us.Since then, our story has been filled with new chapters – buying our first home, advancing in our careers, and starting a family. We have faced hardships and overcome obstacles, but through it all, our love has remained unwavering. We have learned and grown together, alwayspushing each other to be the best versions of ourselves.Now, as we look back on our journey, we are filled with gratitude for the love and happiness that we have found in each other. Our story is still being written, and we are excited to see what the future holds for us. Together, we know that we can conquer anything that comes our way, and we are grateful for the love and support that we have found in each other.Our story is a testament to the power of love, resilience, and the beauty of shared experiences. It is a story of two souls finding each other in this vast world and creating a life filled with love, laughter, and endless adventures. We are grateful for every moment that we have shared and look forward to many more chapters in our story.。
绯闻女孩第四季第4集
绯闻女孩第四季第4集：Touch of Eva 佳人历劫片名解析：来自Touch of Evil《历劫佳人》。
故事發生在美國小鎮，墨西哥年青檢查官與愛妻度蜜月期間，發生汽車爆炸，當地老差骨認定一名嫌疑犯有罪，但年青的檢查官感事有蹺蹊，深入調查，老差骨怕案中案被揭，為求自保，遂把陰謀加害於年青檢查官的愛妻身上，爆發一場善與惡的偵探式對抗。
威爾斯施以渾身解數力求做到雅俗共賞，開場一個經典長鏡更成為日後教材。
影片於1958年獲邀參加布魯塞爾世界電影博覽會，獲當時任評判的尚．盧．高達和杜魯福高度讚揚，獲頒大獎。
……Overnight, our brooding billionaire's become a generous gentlemen. But what's responsible for this metamorphosis? Or should I say who? Has a french fairy touched chuck with her magic wand? Or does simply being with an angel make you want to grow wings, too?overnight 一夜之间终于是在最后把这个magic wand给带出来了，就知道编剧憋不住的~~How can I stomach going to his charity gala later?stomach 忍受我们都知道stomach是胃的意思，可是它也能做动词哦，就表示endure或者tolerate。
想想要是什么事情让你忍受不了的话的确是会反胃的吧？Strangers weaseling their way into our hearts.weasel 告密And tonight we'll watch "Amelie"Amelie 电影《天使爱美丽》果然这俩很爱法国巴黎神马的。
America.The.Story.of.Us.S01E01.Rebels.720p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.h.264-BTN
不知神灵为何物
却非常值得信赖
反应很快
机智无比 而且有极强的正义感
他们的胜利给殖民地带来了
很长一段时间的和平
他们以一场盛宴来庆祝彼此的友谊
那就是感恩节的由来
开拓美洲的目的之一
鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼 [前纽约市市长]
是为了找一个可以扩大生意
扩展视野的地方
一个可以过你自己愿意过的生活
正在横渡大西洋 以期建立一个新世界
1610年5月
在哥伦布发现新大陆的120年后
这仍是一段危险的旅程
其中的一艘"解放号"上
载着一样即将永久改变美国的货物
都来帮忙啊
船上是 24岁的英国农民约翰·罗尔夫
他有野心 有自信 有远见
是位天生的企业家
这段在今天乘飞机只需六个小时的旅程
当时正是"饥荒时期"
在吃完了马和其它动物之后
我们吃掉了靴子 鞋子
和其它任何能找到的皮革
谁来救救我啊
就在罗尔夫到达三个月前
有人因杀害自己怀孕的妻子并企图吃尸体
而被处以火刑
这些英国人毫无准备地来到了这个新世界
并且不愿从事体力劳动
他们带来的不是牲畜
而是检测黄金的化学试剂
但他们从未找到任何黄金
和天国福音的传播
奠定坚实的基础
十九个家庭
饲养着山羊 鸡 猪 狗
他们还有手纺车 椅子 书籍和枪支
而且没有回头路
只要把这个地方描绘成机遇之地
迈克尔·道格拉斯 [著名演员]
就能吸引到那些
愿意冒险 愿意赌一回的人
谁动了我的奶酪【中英对照】
WhoAn Amazing Way toMovedDeal With ChangeMyIn Your Work and In Your LifeCheese? DR SPENCER JOHNSON Foreword by KENNETH BLANCHARD Ph.D.From the best-selling co-author ofThe One Minute Manager谁动了我的奶酪一种处理工作和生活变化的令人惊叹的方法斯宾塞约翰逊博士前言：肯尼斯．布兰查德博士畅销书《一分钟经理人》合著者翻译：李海根，欢迎交流qq287929045Who Moved My Cheese? - A Amazing Way to Deal With Change In your Work and In your life. DR SPENCER JOHNSON-Foreword by KENNETH BLANCHARD Ph.D.“Life is no straight and every corridor alongwhich we travel free and unhampered,but a maze of passages,生活并非像走廊，我们可以自由穿过，没有障碍，而是一个迷宫。
through which we must seek our way,lost and confused, now and againchecked in a blind alley.在这个迷宫，我们必须不断探索自己的路，虽然会迷失和困惑。
But always, if we have faith,God will open a door for us,Not perhaps one that we ourselveswould ever have thought of,But one that will ultimatelyprove good for us.”但是，如果我们有信仰，上帝就会为我们打开一扇门，也许这不是我们相像的那样，但最终证明对我们是很有好处的。
THE STORY OF US字幕(美国：我们的故事第6集-- 腹地)
[44:05.96]内战结束了The Civil War is over.[44:08.02][44:08.72]战争幸存者从拓荒线上的各处进发Survivors head out across the frontier.[44:11.72][44:11.98]一片无际的荒野隔开了美国东西部A vast wilderness separates East and West. [44:16.01][44:16.56]老兵摇身一变成为铁路工人Veterans become railway men,[44:18.99][44:19.53]牛仔cowboys...[44:21.01][44:22.28]移民settlers.[44:23.78][44:24.13]他们将征服自然连接整个大陆Conquering nature, they'll unite the continent. [44:28.19][44:28.51]他们的使命就是驯服西部的荒野Their mission: to tame the Wild West.[44:32.27][44:36.01] 第六集腹地[44:39.03][44:42.28]1865年的北美大平原1865. The Great Plains.[44:46.93][44:52.68]3000万头美洲野牛在此狂奔Where 30 million buffalo roam.[44:54.44][45:07.87]这片广袤而未开发的荒原把美国一分为二Vast, untouched, a wilderness dividing America.[45:12.96][45:13.90]横跨北美大陆需要花六个月Crossing the continent takes six months.[45:16.89]西行的马车队中有20000人半途丧命20,000 die on wagon trains.[45:19.96]从水路需要绕道南美洲航行18000英里By ship, it's an 18,000 mile journey around South America.[45:24.54][45:26.68]为了征服荒原连接东西两岸To conquer the wilderness and unite East and West, [45:30.18]林肯总统批准修建一条横贯东西的铁路President Lincoln green-lights a transcontinental railroad,[45:34.10][45:37.20]足有2000英里长2,000 miles long.[45:39.47][45:39.96]它将改变整个国家It will transform the nation[45:42.40]引发一轮跨越大平原移民的热潮triggering a tidal wave of settlement across the Great Plains.[45:47.19][45:47.36]铁路对美国的扩张发展至关重要Railroads were vital to the expansion of America. [45:50.74]这项技术以一种This technology connects people in a way[45:54.60][45:53.21]约翰·拉萨特[皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总监][45:56.40][45:54.60]史无前例的方式that never before in the history of mankind[45:58.20]将人们紧密相连has there been that kind of connection.[46:00.90][46:06.52]美国古老的荒原America's ancient wilderness[46:09.29][46:09.30]遭遇了现代技术与人力meets modern American modern steel and muscle.[46:13.11][46:14.97]一大批挥舞榔头的工人An army of hammer-wielding men,[46:17.70][46:19.12]有的是爱尔兰移民Irish immigrants.[46:21.11][46:21.65]有的是内战老兵Civil War vets.[46:23.56][46:25.07]如今都成了铁路工人Railway men.[46:26.79][46:29.18]他们的使命:征服大自然Their mission: to tame nature itself.[46:32.92][46:33.72]最大的障碍是位于加利福尼亚东面的The biggest obstacle heading east from California,[46:37.18][46:37.30]高达12000英尺的悬崖峭壁a 12,000-foot wall of granite,[46:40.72][46:41.33]内华达山脉the Sierra Nevada.[46:43.36][46:45.50]由于北美洲毗邻的太平洋板块运动活跃With the Pacific of North America plates alive,[46:48.65][46:49.19]几十亿吨古老岩石拔地而起billions of tons of ancient rock rise up[46:52.52]就像锡纸被挤皱起来一样crumpling like tinfoil.[46:54.84][46:55.29]在过去的400万年里Over the last 4 million years,[46:57.16]内华达山脉上升了2英里多the Sierra Nevada mountains climb more than 2 miles high.[47:01.57][47:02.76]至今仍以每1000年13英尺的速度在升高They're still growing. 13 Feet in 1,000 years.[47:07.69][47:07.73]总有一天它会和喜马拉雅山一较高下One day they could rival the Himalayas. [47:11.24][47:16.13]只有疯子才会想让铁路Only a mad man could dream of running a railroad[47:18.97]从这样的山中贯穿而过across mountains like this.[47:20.96][47:22.19]人们叫他疯狂的犹大并不是平白无故They don't call him crazy Judah for nothing.[47:25.61]对铁路的疯狂痴迷让他终于找到了解决之道Obsessed with the railroad, he sees a way through.[47:29.51]下来小伙子们Come on down, boys.[47:30.51][47:30.95]西奥多·犹大曾23次攀上山顶Theodore Judah makes 23 trips into the peaks. [47:34.26]把那个钉上And peg that, boys.[47:35.26][47:35.66]测绘出一条横穿山脊并通过山顶的路线Plotting a path across ridges and through mountain summits,[47:39.99]修建这段铁路是那个世纪最大的工程挑战building it will be the engineering challenge of the century.[47:43.45]好的做个标记Yup, let's mark that.[47:44.45][47:45.21]这是一项成就空前的伟大创举This is the most magnificent project ever conceived. [47:49.26]这项工程对于美国人意义重大An enterprise more important[47:50.99][47:51.00]其他工程完全不可同日而语to the people of the United States than any other. [47:54.03]铁路终将被建成The railroad will be built,[47:55.74]而我也为之出了一把力and I will have something to do with it.[47:58.53][47:58.69]美国人崇尚一种Americans love someone who can go through[48:02.16]克服一切困难冲破万难seemingly difficult or impossible things,[48:04.53][48:02.73]梅莉莎·埃瑟里奇[歌手作曲家][48:06.62][48:04.53]最终实现梦想的精神and make their dreams happen.[48:08.20][48:08.58]犹大的路线得到认可后With Judah's route approved,[48:11.24]两家公司开始合作two companies begin work.[48:12.58][48:12.76]联合太平洋铁路公司从东边的奥马哈开始The Union Pacific starts from Omaha in the east;[48:16.33][48:17.03]而中央太平洋铁路公司the Central Pacific[48:18.71]则从西边的萨克拉门托开始from Sacramento in the west.[48:20.77][48:21.12]最终在犹他州会师They'll meet in Utah.[48:23.66][48:24.72]工程造价相当于现在的20亿美元It'll cost over $2 billion in modern money, [48:28.04][48:28.64]但政府却没有足够的资金but the government doesn't have enough cash.[48:31.28][48:31.89]所以用联邦土地作为报酬支付给两家公司It pays the companies in federal land. [48:35.10][48:37.13]但规定需在15年内完工否则将分文不给They must finish in 15 years or lose everything.[48:41.78]我们在这个国家学习到We have learned in this country,[48:43.25][48:43.96]布鲁斯·詹纳[田径运动员奥运会十项全能冠军][48:46.55][48:43.25]没有冒险精神的人将寸步难行you don't get anywhere in life if you don't take risks. [48:46.51]我认为美国之所以I think America is by far[48:48.36]在很多领域都名列前茅the shining light of the world in so many ways[48:50.76]就在于我们敢于承担风险because we are risk takers.[48:53.23][48:53.40]按英里计费多造弯道显然能多赚钱Paid by the mile, adding curve adds profit. [48:57.23]利欲熏心的公司为多得土地无所不用其极Corrupt investors built the railroad for every cent they can,[49:01.17]修建一条9英里的弯道a nine mile curve[49:02.98]就意味着能多得120英亩联邦土地means an extra 120 acres of federal land, [49:06.37]照此下去他们相当于拥有了and they'll end up owning[49:07.89]面积堪比德克萨斯州的土地an area the size of Texas.[49:10.17][49:10.46]首先他们需要征服唐纳之路First they must conquer the Donner Pass.[49:14.09]高达7500英尺是犹大路线中的最高点7500 feet up, the highest Judah's route. [49:19.10][49:19.15]每个冬天积雪深达30英尺Cursed by 30 feet o of snow each winter.[49:22.84][49:23.08]雪崩等惨剧时有发生Avalanches, tragedy.[49:26.71][49:28.13]就在仅仅20年前Here just 20 years earlier,[49:30.22]唐纳一行受困于暴风雪之中the Donner Party became trapped in the snow[49:33.32][49:33.70]最后只得食人and ate each other.[49:35.42][49:36.33]由于犹大的铁路直接贯穿山脉Now Judah's railroad cuts right through the mountain,[49:39.98][49:42.11]需要挖掘1649英尺深的石头1649 feet of rock must be excavated,[49:46.91]才能成就这条线路上最长的隧道the longest tunnel on the route.[49:49.24][49:49.68]中国工人夜以继日地开凿Chinese laborers dig day and night.[49:52.68][49:53.56]从中国运来劳工It's easier to ship workers from China[49:56.20][49:56.32]比在美国大陆招募工人容易得多than to get Americans across the continent. [49:58.80]铁路大王说The railroad magnets said,[50:01.24]中国人建造了长城不是吗"The Chinese built a g great wall, didn't they?[50:03.83][50:01.19]埃尔·卡玛里罗[斯坦福大学教授][50:03.54][50:04.41]那我们就招募中国人来施工Let's bring the Chinese in to do this work."[50:07.35][50:08.63]超过10000名中国工人Over 10,000 Chinese laborers[50:10.73]在最凶险的环境中工作工资反而更少earn less and do the deadliest jobs. [50:13.95]这条横贯大陆的铁路是中国工人修建的The transcontinental railroad was built by Chinese workers[50:15.76]他们被专门引进来建这条铁路brought over specifically to work on the railroad, [50:20.22][50:16.60]玛格丽特·周[喜剧演员][50:20.35][50:20.22]他们的待遇可以说是比牲口好不到哪去and they were considered somewhere in between human and animal.[50:24.57]没人指望他们能够生还They were not expected to survive.[50:26.30]他们的命运就是死在工地上They were expected to come here and work and die. [50:28.75][50:31.32]背井离乡7000英里7,000 miles from home,[50:33.69][50:33.75]对于17岁的洪雷沃来说17-year-old Hung Leiwo[50:36.63][50:37.23]他在广东捉襟见肘的生活变成swaps a life in poverty in Canton[50:40.09]修建工地上每日筋疲力竭的工作for a back-breaking work on the railroad gang. [50:43.74][50:44.86]洪雷沃必须使出全力来开凿岩石Hung Leiwo must cut through granite so tough, [50:48.53]才能使大脚趾般大的石头a rock the size of a big toe[50:50.55]足以承受重达50吨的火车头will support 50 tons of locomotive.[50:53.59][50:53.86]工程的进展变得异常缓慢Progress slows to inches a day.[50:56.65][50:56.90]想要有所突破就得用炸药To breakthrough, they need nitroglycerin,[51:00.35][51:00.47]但是运输炸药是违禁的but transporting it is banned[51:02.58]因为它的威力能把15个人炸得血肉横飞when 15 men are blown to pieces. [51:05.76][51:06.41]在一个移动实验室中In a mobile lab,[51:07.84]苏格兰化学家詹姆斯·霍顿Scottish chemist James Houghton[51:11.21]现场配制炸药mixes it on the spot.[51:12.22][51:13.45]炸药的威力是普通火药的13倍多Nitroglycerin is 13 times more powerful than gun powder.[51:18.07][51:18.29]但它非常不稳定So unstable.[51:19.97]任何震动都可能导致它当场爆炸Any physical shock, and it will explode in his hand.[51:24.14][51:24.16]霍顿的工作高风险高回报Houghton gets hazard pay.[51:26.65][51:26.85]每月收入相当于现在的4000美元$4,000 a month in modern money.[51:30.44][51:30.58]在山里面待了三个月后他开始酗酒After three months in the mountains, he turns to drink,[51:34.79][51:34.85]把配制炸药的工作扔给洪雷沃这样的中国人leaving the nitro to Chinese men like Hung Leiwo,[51:38.91][51:39.44]爱尔兰工人则避之不及Irish crews won't touch it.[51:42.33][51:44.11]爆炸会使温度飙升至9000华氏度Detonation creates temperatures of 9,000 degrees.[51:47.96]和太阳表面温度一样高It's hot as the surface of the sun.[51:51.74][52:51.93]大约有1500名中国工人An estimated 1500 Chinese[52:54.17][52:54.18]死于爆炸和岩石塌方die in explosions and rock slides.[52:57.34][53:02.03]洪雷沃得以幸存Hung Leiwo survives.[53:04.32][53:04.62]他的儿子成了第一位His son will be the first Chinese-American[53:07.97]毕业于加州大学伯克利分校to graduate an engineering[53:09.66]工程专业的美籍华人from the University of California at Berkeley.[53:12.81][53:18.63]打通了山脉之后Once through the mountains,[53:20.30]火车轨道的铺设速度大大加快track laying accelerates[53:21.81]从每天10英寸提高到每天6英里from 10 inches to 6 miles a day.[53:25.34][53:27.78]每个道钉钉3下Each spike is struck 3 times.[53:30.30][53:31.54]每节铁轨10个道钉10 spikes to a rail.[53:33.58][53:34.73]每英里有400节铁轨400 rails a mile.[53:36.81][53:38.89]需要挥舞2100万下榔头铁路才能完工21 Million hammer swings complete the railroad.[53:43.19][53:45.30]1869年5月10日May 10th, 1869.[53:48.22][53:48.38]电报传来一条只有一个词的消息A one word message arrives by telegraph:[53:51.81][53:51.84]完工"Done".[53:53.33][53:54.95]从前横穿大陆要6个月A six-month journey across the continent[53:57.52]现在缩减为6天is cut to 6 days.[53:59.83][54:00.47]从前人们得押上全副身家才能加入西进的马车队The folks would once had to risk everything in a wagon train.[54:05.83][54:06.12]如今再也用不上了That is eliminated.[54:07.90]你现在可以坐上火车You can now can get on the railroad[54:10.78]从波士顿一直坐到萨克拉门托and travel from Boston to Sacramento.[54:12.94]这就是革命That's a revolution.[54:14.66][54:17.39]贯穿大陆的铁路网The Internet of the area, the transcontinental railroad,[54:21.70][54:21.71]改变了沿途的一切changes everything it touches,[54:23.65][54:24.07]给大平原带来了大量的移民triggering a mass migration to the Great Plains [54:27.45][54:35.77]蒸汽火车征服了整个大平原The Great Plains conquered by steel and steam. [54:40.92][54:46.56]横贯大陆的铁路The transcontinental railroad[54:48.43]为沿途的荒芜地区带来了文明threads a thin line of civilization through the wilderness.[54:52.37][54:53.17]随之而来的是人口People follow.[54:54.84][54:55.26]仅仅一年里In just one year,[54:56.63]40000移民奔向内布拉斯加州40,000 settlers move to Nebraska,[55:00.15]他们乘坐的马车奔向内陆的四面八方fanning out across the frontier in wagon trains.[55:04.04][55:04.74]从19世纪中叶到19世纪末When in the mid-19th century to the late 19th century, [55:09.60][55:05.43]汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播][55:09.26][55:09.60]他们离开家乡定居在they went out and settled[55:11.33]一些不适合人类居住的恶劣环境some hostile territory known to mankind.[55:14.98]我就是在大平原长大的The Great Plain where I grew up.[55:17.09][55:17.49]他们是真正的先驱These were true pioneers.[55:19.83]政府慷慨的土地给予政策The government accelerates the process[55:21.89]又加速了这一进程with the greatest land giveaway in history.[55:24.95][55:25.50]任何人只要花10美元的登记费Anyone with a $10 filing fee[55:28.22]就可以得到免费的土地can claim free land.[55:30.31][55:30.45]其中四分之一是单身女性和昔日的奴隶A quarter are single women and ex-slaves. [55:34.30][55:34.37]当你看到绝望的人们When you see the desperate scramble[55:36.27]争相挤上颠簸的四轮马车in these rickety wagon trains,[55:38.60][55:39.07]你会意识到美国的未来寄托在土地之上you realize that promise of America was land.[55:42.53][55:40.05]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][55:42.53][55:42.54]就算再过一百万年These are people who never in a million years[55:46.10][55:46.48]这些人也不可能在纽约州拥有土地would be a able own land in New York.[55:48.36][55:49.71]最终美国10%的土地Eventually 10% of the United States[55:53.25][55:53.28]根据《宅地法》被分配了出去will be given away under the Homestead Act. [55:56.16][55:57.59]我绝不回印第安纳租地种I'm not going back to Indiana to rent[55:59.55]除非我分文不剩不得不走回去until I bust entirely and have to walk back.[56:02.58][56:03.47]内战老兵乌利亚·奥布林格Uriah Oblinger, Civil War vet[56:06.64]在内布拉斯加州得到了他的160英亩地claims his 160 acres in Nebraska.[56:10.25][56:10.32]但遇到了麻烦There's a catch.[56:12.06][56:12.51]夏季华氏110度的高温引发了草原大火110 degrees summers spark prairie fires. [56:16.77][56:17.72]平原上的树木因为干旱无法存活Trees can't survive the drought on the plains. [56:21.11][56:22.73]雨水稀少只有草可以存活There's so little rain, nothing grows here but grass. [56:26.94][56:27.82]由于缺乏造房子用的木材Without lumber to build houses,[56:29.86]新居民就只能住在泥屋中the new inhabitants live in mud huts.[56:32.96][56:33.11]泥屋由平原上割下的茅草建造而成Built of sod, cut from the plains.[56:36.46][56:36.47]乌利亚把马车拆了用来做门窗Uriah dismantles his wagon to make doors and windows.[56:41.65]他们饱受蚊虫的滋扰They often had insects.[56:44.53]还有蛇不请自来They invited snakes.[56:46.42][56:46.14]H.W.布兰茨[德克萨斯大学教授][56:49.50][56:46.43]这跟住在洞里没什么两样It was pretty much like living in a burrow in the ground. [56:51.69][56:52.00]我想先驱们的生活确实很苦I think the pioneers did have it hard.[56:54.73]他们保守而节俭They conserved. They were frugal.[56:57.07][56:57.67]玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"家政女王"之称][57:00.45][56:57.07]一件衣服可以穿很长时间One dress lasted a long long time.[57:00.48][57:00.49]对乌利亚的妻子马蒂来说这些都是值得的For Uriah's wife Mattie, it's a price worth paying.[57:03.97]你可能会觉得我们生活得很凄苦I expect you think we live miserable[57:06.37]因为我们住的是茅草搭建的泥屋because we are in a sod house.[57:08.17]但说实在的我觉得再没地方比这里好But I'll tell you, in solid earnest, I never enjoyed myself better.[57:12.76]每一滴汗都为自己流Every liquid we strike is for ourselves[57:14.86][57:15.13]没被别人榨取一分一毫and not half of someone else's.[57:17.76]奥布林格一家虔诚的信念每天都在经受考验The devout Oblingers face daily tests of their faith.[57:22.10][57:23.04]由于没有山脉阻挡强风With no mountains to stop the wind,[57:25.29]大平原成为了大雷雨的多发地带the Great Plains are a breeding ground for massive thunder storms.[57:29.68][57:31.13]这里最难对付的天气就是大风天The most objection I have to the weather here is the wind.[57:35.09]冬春两季大风尤其频繁There's a great deal of it during the winter and spring, [57:38.01]由于沿路没有阻挡威力就更强了and being nothing to break it, one feels it more. [57:41.34]别走远亲爱的Not too far, honey.[57:42.34][57:44.50]奥布林格一家住在龙卷风多发带The Oblingers live in tornado alley.[57:47.30][57:49.06]这个地区的龙卷风More twisters in this region[57:50.63][57:50.64]比地球上其他任何地方都多than anywhere else on earth.[57:53.21][57:53.97]亲爱的Honey![57:59.04]每年400多轮龙卷风过境Over 400 touch down every year[58:02.18][58:08.12]要是谁说在印第安纳却从没见过龙卷风Tell the folks they never seen a storm in Indianna,[58:10.99][58:11.71]绝对是开玩笑only playthings.[58:13.40][58:16.89]时速200英里的大风卷成漩涡200 miles an hour winds spin into a vortex,[58:21.01][58:23.23]吸进空气以及未能深植于大地的一切sucking in air and anything not bolted down. [58:27.36][58:27.91]1930年有个人在堪萨斯被风吹走了一英里In 1930, a man is carried a mile across the Kansas,[58:32.90][58:32.92]鱼和蟾蜍从天而降fish and toads rain from the sky.[58:36.28][58:37.59]奥布林格一家蜷缩在他们结实的茅屋中The Oblingers hunker down in their heavy sod house,[58:41.26][58:44.30]坚守着这份来之不易的独立clinging to their new found independence.[58:47.55][58:50.10]我认为我们的民族是I think that we're a nation of people descended[58:52.53]坚强的老傻瓜和老女人的后代from tough old coots and tough old broads.[58:55.13][58:54.54]珍妮特·沃尔斯[著名作家][58:56.71][58:55.13]我说这话时心怀无限敬意And I say that with great admiration.[58:57.44]他们只是想要主导自己的未来They just wanted to control their own future, [59:00.47]想让下一代能够掌握自己的命运and to have children who could control their own destiny,[59:04.98][59:07.71]奥布林格一家遭遇的圣经所说的考验还不止龙卷风Tornadoes aren't the only biblical challenge the Oblingers face.[59:12.35][59:12.89]在落基山下的河畔By the river of Rockies,[59:15.00][59:15.02]世界末日正悄然逼近the end of the world, it's brewing.[59:17.71][59:18.30]一个古老物种的出现A prehistoric species emerges to[59:21.03]将大平原的人们逼向绝境battle for the Great Plains.[59:23.37][59:25.29]蝗虫Locusts.[59:26.91][59:28.80]将当地植物祸害一空后After devouring the local vegetation,[59:31.26]又释放出信息素作为继续前进的信号they released pheromones that signal it's time to move on.[59:34.97][59:36.76]它们翅膀很长They grow long wings.[59:38.80][59:39.00]这些害虫们顶风向东These worms head east on the wind.[59:42.00][59:42.01]聚集在大平原上形成了大规模蝗灾They join up over the Great Plains and become a plague.[59:46.14][59:48.47]仅1874一年就毁掉了西部一半的收成In 1874, they devour half of the crops in the West.[59:53.08][59:53.36]三万亿蝗虫Three trillion locusts.[59:55.61][59:57.00]聚集成半英里高100英里宽Half a mile high, 100 miles wide.[00:00.88]长达1000英里相当于科罗拉多州的面积1,000 miles long, as big as Colorado. [00:05.22][00:05.26]遮天蔽日They block out the sun.[00:07.34]这是农业的末日浩劫Agricultural Armageddon.[00:09.60][00:14.59]在乌利亚等人看来蝗灾是上帝的惩罚To men like Uriah, the locust are the wrath of God.[00:19.23][00:22.37]1892年By 1892,[00:24.14]内布拉斯加州西部有一半人口向东回迁half the population of western Nebraska goes east.[00:28.43][00:33.06]而乌利亚坚守了下来Uriah stays.[00:34.95][00:35.06]想在这个国家有所成就就得勇敢过人You have to be brave in order to achieve in this country.[00:37.33][00:37.34]因为在这里一切都得靠自己because nothing is set right there for you.[00:39.65][00:38.24]迈克尔·斯特拉汉[前美国橄榄球联赛球星][00:41.62][00:39.65]生存就是一场冒险You have to take chances.[00:41.62]我认为勇敢也好畏惧也罢And I think bravery and fear are the same things. [00:45.43]只是面对相同感受的不同反应而已It's just a matter of how you react to that same feeling.[00:49.12][00:49.26]坚持下来的人是幸运的Those who stick it out get lucky.[00:54.47]此后不到30年这里的蝗虫绝迹了Within 30 years, the locust is extinct.[00:58.17][00:59.04]落基山脚下肥沃的土地It's breeding grounds in the Rockies[01:01.02]任由像乌利亚一样的移民们开垦plowed over by settlers like Uriah.[01:03.98][01:06.48]此后的10年间In 10 years,[01:07.42]大平原成了整个国家的粮仓the Great Plains become the bread basket of the country.[01:11.18][01:11.59]美国第一次实现了粮食自给For the first time, America can feed itself.[01:15.55][01:15.87]如今这里的小麦年产量已达5000万吨Today 50 million tons of wheat is farmed each year,[01:20.47][01:20.49]但树木依然稀少but trees are still scarce,[01:22.99]为建造城镇移民们急需木材and to build towns settlers need wood.[01:26.72][01:30.78]在密歇根威斯康星与明尼苏达In Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota,[01:33.52]伐木工人们砍掉了整整5000万英亩森林loggers harvest over 50 million acres of trees.[01:37.31][01:39.02]绿色的金子Green gold.[01:40.80][01:41.72]如磁铁一般吸引着斯堪的纳维亚樵夫A magnet for Scandinavian woodsmen. [01:45.21][01:48.48]从1825年到1925年这一百年间Between 1825 and 1925,[01:51.59]挪威总人口的三分之一来到美国a third of Norway's entire population comes to America.[01:55.71]尼尔斯·豪根便是其中一员including Nils Haugen.[01:58.61][01:58.77]当时的薪水是每天3美元The pay was $3 a day.[02:01.09]每个人都要准备一双结实的靴子You had to have a good pair of driving boots [02:03.55]密不渗水以便能踩在漂浮的原木上well caulked to be able to keep on top of the logs.[02:07.22][02:07.53]事关百万美金的生意There's millions of dollars at stake.[02:09.96][02:09.97]如果木材不能顺流而下城镇便无法建造If the flow of logs stops, towns can't be built.[02:15.06][02:16.44]原木阻塞是河工们的噩梦Log jams. River man's ruin.[02:19.85]1886年In 1886,[02:21.32]可建两万所房屋的松木pines to build 20,000 homes[02:24.50]堵在了圣克罗伊河上get stopped on the St.Croix River.[02:26.61][02:26.94]1.5亿英尺的木材150 Million feet of wood.[02:29.83][02:32.52]只要移开关键部位的木材Remove the right log,[02:34.07]其余的便会奔流而下and the rest will explode downstream.[02:37.16][02:39.22]类似的排障过程中有些河工失去了生命Rivermen die clearing the obstructions like this.[02:43.15][02:58.87]1892年In 1892,[03:00.67]仅威斯康星一州就砍伐了20亿英尺木材2 billion feet of lumber will be cut in Wisconsin alone.[03:05.07][03:10.31]木材经由铁路运往各地促进西部建设繁荣The railroad feeds lumber into the West's construction boom.[03:14.07][03:17.63]城镇如雨后春笋般发展起来Towns are built so fast,[03:19.31]人们甚至无暇为街道命名there's no time to name streets.[03:21.99]代之以字母或序号They're given letters and numbers.[03:24.54][03:28.72]大平原上还栖息着The Great Plains is also home to[03:31.82]世界上大型野生哺乳动物中数量最多的一种the most numerous species of large wild mammal on earth.[03:35.18][03:36.64]3000万头美洲野牛30 million buffalo,[03:38.85][03:41.77]集结成长达25英里的牛群herds up to 25 miles long,[03:43.72]向夏季的繁殖地狂奔race to summer breeding grounds.[03:46.29][03:48.90]却不幸与现代世界迎面相撞On a collision course with the modern world.[03:52.16][03:57.21]铁路把新一代的猎手带到了大平原The railroad brings a new kind of hunter to the Great Plains.[04:01.12][04:02.37]在利益的驱使下Driven by profit,[04:04.12][04:04.73]刚刚经过内战的洗礼fresh from the carnage of the Civil War.[04:07.72][04:12.56]200万支来福枪触手可及Two million rifles are in circulation.[04:15.47][04:17.18]这让100万训练有素的退伍军人Over a million veterans trained to use them [04:20.37][04:20.68]有了新的标靶have a new target in their sights.[04:22.98][04:24.33]法兰克·梅尔内战退伍军人Frank Mayer, Civil War vet.[04:27.30][04:27.41]野牛猎手Buffalo hunter.[04:29.17][04:30.93]在现代文明中我没有任何用武之地I had nothing to look forward to in civilization. [04:33.91][04:34.34]我对枪异常痴迷I was crazy about guns.[04:36.26][04:38.77]梅尔追踪着这些足有2000磅重的野牛Mayer tracks 2,000 pound buffalo,[04:41.68][04:42.94]每一头都能轻易将人碾碎easily capable of crushing a man.[04:45.75][04:46.79]他在200码[约182米]外狙击He picks them off from 200 yards[04:49.41][04:51.64]只要你能够杀死它If you could kill them,[04:52.99]它身上的一切尽归你所有what they brought was yours.[04:55.72]它们就是活生生的金子They were walking gold pieces.[04:57.68][04:58.28]猎人射杀野牛只为谋求牛皮Hunters harvest the buffalo for its hide.[05:01.06][05:02.18]1872年In 1872,[05:03.98]只从堪萨斯一地就运出了100万张牛皮they ship over one million out of Kansas alone,[05:07.20][05:08.01]在东海岸每张可卖到3美元worth $3 a piece back East.[05:10.86]运气好时梅尔的收入甚至高过总统On a good day, Mayer earns more than the President.[05:14.74][05:19.21]工厂用长而强韧的长条牛皮作为牵引带Factories use long strong strips of buffalo leather as drag belts[05:23.84][05:29.03]小块的皮则做成衣服和鞋Small pieces become coats and shoes.[05:31.80][05:33.91]为满足大量需求To meet demand,[05:35.22][05:35.23]猎人们为获取牛皮每天射杀8000头水牛hunters kill 8,000 buffalo a day for their hides alone.[05:39.50]在白人看来这是大势所趋For America, this is progress,[05:41.26]因为这就是利用自然资源because this is a natural resource.[05:43.13][05:44.35]但在印第安人看来From the Indian's perspective,[05:45.86][05:45.20]埃尔·卡玛里罗[斯坦福大学教授][05:47.20][05:45.86]他们完全不理解they couldn't understand[05:48.20]白人为什么这样做what the white people were doing.[05:50.27][05:50.30]但当然他们知道如此大量屠杀野牛But, of course, they knew that the decimation of those[05:53.54]必将永久地改变他们的命运buffalo herds would change their lives forever.[05:57.18][05:57.65]大平原上的印第安人The Plain Indians[05:58.92]靠野牛生存将其奉为神物崇拜depend on the buffalo and worship them.[06:01.63][06:02.62]野牛是我们的力量之源The buffalo were our strength from whence we came, [06:06.12]同时也是哺育我们的母亲and whose breast we suck as babies all our lives.[06:09.80][06:10.44]猎人们乘火车到来时巴拉克·艾尔克年仅6岁Black Elk is 6 years old when the railroad arrives.[06:14.07][06:14.87]与白人猎手们不同Unlike the white hunters,[06:16.76][06:16.99]他的族人非常讲究物尽其用his people waste none of their kill.[06:19.80][06:20.07]筋腱做成弓弦Sinews become bow strings.[06:23.07][06:24.11]骨头用作器皿Bones are cups and spoons.[06:26.55][06:26.97]牛皮做成衣物帐篷或是棺椁Skin is clothing, tepees and coffins.[06:32.10][06:32.66]印第安人与野牛自冰河时期以来共存Native Americans and buffalos have co-existed since the last ice age.[06:38.03][06:40.00]巴拉克·艾尔克的祖先曾徒步捕猎野牛Black Elk's ancestors hunted them on foot. [06:44.11][06:44.95]那时没有马可骑There were no horses to ride.[06:47.32][06:50.02]现代的马并不是北美当地物种The modern horse isn't native to North America. [06:53.26]而是西班牙征服者1493年从欧洲带来的Spanish conquistadors brought them from Europe in 1493,[06:58.10][06:58.34]有些马匹逃到了大平原Some escaped to the Great Plains.[07:00.87]这里是马匹的完美栖息地Perfect horse habitat.[07:03.06][07:03.56]经过400年的繁衍生息400 years later,[07:05.62]此时在草原上驰骋的野马已过百万over a million mustangs run wild.[07:08.19][07:09.21]驯化的马匹彻底改变了Taming horses transformed[07:10.82]大平原上印第安人的生活the life of the Plains Indian.[07:13.09][07:14.06]他们成为了专业骑手They become expert horsemen.[07:16.61][07:25.95]狩猎口号由此兴起The battle cry went up.[07:27.39][07:27.45]当喊道"Hokahey" 意为攻击Hokahey! Which means "to charge."[07:30.35]猎手们便一齐蜂拥而上射杀猎物and the hunters went in for the kill.[07:33.25][07:33.78]在马背上弓箭是最佳武器On horse back, the bow is the weapon of choice. [07:37.16][07:39.19]枪支重新装弹所用的的时间And the time it takes to reload a gun,[07:41.56][07:43.24]足够一名战士策马狂奔300码a warrior can ride 300 yards,[07:46.29][07:46.63]张弓发箭20支and fire 20 arrows.[07:48.99][07:50.13]野牛奔跑时速高达35英里Buffalo can run at 35 miles an hour.[07:53.30][07:56.74]狩猎范围方圆几百英里时间长达数日Hunts cover hundreds of miles over many days.[08:00.63][08:01.70]射死一头野牛需要15支箭It can take 15 arrows to kill a buffalo.[08:05.21][08:06.01]而像法兰克·梅尔这样的白人猎手只需子弹一发White hunters like Frank Mayer use a single cartridge.[08:10.47][08:12.02]对准肺部He aims for the lungs.[08:14.13][08:16.41]干净利落地放倒一头牛丝毫不曾惊动牛群A clean kill drops a buffalo without disturbing the herd.[08:21.20][08:25.81]短短十几年3000万头野牛死在枪口下30 Million are killed in a little over a decade.[08:29.48][08:30.72]在猎手剥下牛皮之后After hunters take the hides,[08:32.83][08:33.48]火车载着工人接踵而至拉走剩下的残骸train loads of men arrive to pick their carcasses.[08:36.97][08:38.01]他们利用牛骨做扣子They make buttons from bones[08:40.47][08:40.53]把骨架打磨成粉用作肥料或是制作瓷器and grind down skeletons for fertilizer and porcelain.[08:44.78][08:48.81]原住民靠天吃饭赖地穿衣的日子一去不复返了The primary resource keeping Native Americans alive is gone.[08:54.17]面对着灭顶的饥荒他们被迫迁往保留地Facing starvation, they're forced on to reservations.[08:57.95][08:57.96]我的曾曾祖母巨鹰太祖My great-great-grandmother, Grandma Big Eagle[09:00.70] 罗伯特·沃里尔[伊利诺伊大学][09:02.93][09:00.70]在捕猎野牛时代终结时还活着was alive when buffalo hunting ended.[09:04.97]他们挥别的不仅是赖以生存的食物They weren't just saying good-bye to kind of food stuff.[09:08.30]同时也是在挥别整个种族的生存方式They were saying good-bye to a way of being in the world.[09:13.40]我想当他们回顾那段历史时I think for them to look back on that[09:16.13][09:17.09]只会是难以言表的悲愤was just unspeakably sad.[09:19.64][09:25.35]1889年In 1889,[09:27.03]全美仅存85头野牛just 85 wild buffalo exist in the whole United States.[09:32.59][09:33.40]人类驾着铁骑The men who ride the great iron horse[09:35.09]践踏着自然征服着每一寸荒野are taming the wilderness.[09:38.25][09:38.46]铁路The railroad[09:39.47][09:39.48]把新时代美国的另一标志烙在了大平原上will bring another modern American icon to the Great Plains.[09:43.67][09:54.32]他们是最后的开拓者The last of the great frontier's man.[09:56.97][10:05.92]1865年1865.[10:08.20][10:08.64]内战使得东海岸经济千疮百孔The Civil War leaves cities on the Eastern Seaboard [10:12.36]物资严重匮乏stripped the resources.[10:13.67][10:15.74]另一方面激增的人口需要大量食物供给The country's booming population needs food.[10:19.64][10:22.75]德克萨斯州拥有600万头野牛In Texas, over 6 million cattle roam wild[10:27.01][10:29.71]此地只值4美元一头worth $4 a head here,。
IEDScout使用方法说明
ExamplesManual Version: IEDScout.AE.7 - Year 2011© OMICRON electronics. All rights reserved.This manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH.All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, e.g., photocopying, microfilming, optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems, requires the explicit consent of OMICRON electronics.Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted. The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this manual is useful, accurate, up-to-date and reliable. However, OMICRON electronics does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies which may be present.The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.IEDScout ExamplesContents1 Requirements and Setup (4)1.1 System Requirements (4)1.2 Installation (4)1.3 Prerequisites (4)Network Settings (4)IEDScout (4)Multiple Network Adapters (4)2 Examples (5)2.1 Discovering and Browsing an IED (5)Defining the IED (5)Discovering the IED (6)Browsing the IED (7)2.2 Working with SCL Files (8)Saving an SCL File (8)Connecting Using an SCL File (9)2.3 Polling Data (9)2.4 Working with Reports (10)Enabling a Report (10)General Interrogation (10)2.5 Subscribing and Recording GOOSE (11)Subscribing using GOOSE Control Blocks (11)Accessing VLAN Information (12)GOOSE Sniffing (13)Transferring GOOSE Information to Configure a CMC Test Set (13)Subscribing Manually (13)GOOSE Recording (14)2.6 Simulating GOOSE (15)Creating a GOOSE (15)Creating a GOOSE Sequence (15)Running a GOOSE Sequence (16)2.7 Analyzing Client/Server Communication (17)General (17)Accessing Client/Server Traffic (17)ACSI Sniffer (17)Views and Functions (18)Search and Filter (19)Details of C/S Traffic (19)Drilling Down (20)Exporting Data and Analysis with External Protocol Software (21)This document provides a quick introduction to some common applications performed with IEDScout and some tips to optimize the work with IEDScout.1 Requirements and Setup1.1 System Requirements• A physical computer with x86 or x64 architecture (no virtual machine)•Windows XP SP2 and above (32 bit only),Windows Vista any SP level (32 bit only) orWindows 7 any SP level (32 bit and 64 bit) operating system•Administrator or Power User rights for the installation• A free USB port for the USB license key•An Ethernet adapter with TCP/IP protocol bound to itNote: Wireless adapters typically do not work with GOOSE/GSSE•If a firewall is present, port 102 must be opened1.2 InstallationOn executing the setup program of IEDScout, the installer will start up:Follow the instructions provided during the installation procedure.1.3 PrerequisitesNetwork SettingsBefore starting work with IEDScout, the network settings on the PC have to be configured properly. It is assumed that the user has administrator or power user rights for changing the network settings. The network adapter must be enabled and must have a valid IP address.IEDScoutTo use the full featured IEDScout, the USB license key has to be plugged into a USB port; otherwise IEDScout will run in evaluation mode.In the G O O S E Tab of the IEDScout configuration, the network adapter for GOOSE must be selected in the field A d a p t e r; the same steps are needed for GSSE. IEDScout only displays adapters that are able to send and receive GOOSE/GSSE messages.Multiple Network AdaptersTo avoid problems due to other programs that also use port 102 (e.g. Microsoft Outlook with Exchange server), IEDScout must be set to use a specific adapter (a specific IP address):In the RFC1006 tab of the IEDScout Configuration window, the L o c a l I P must be set to the IP address of the interface to be used for connecting to the IEDs. When the PC running IEDScout has only one network interface, the L o c a l I P may be left at the default value "0.0.0.0".2 Examples2.1 Discovering and Browsing an IEDDefining the IEDA new IED is added with the N e w Button in the S e r v e r s tab of the C o n f i g u r a t i o n window.A name for the new device must be specified (e.g. "Q0_S"), along with the IP address. In this example the IED's IP address is 192.168.0.77.If a similar device is already present, the option U s e e x i s t i n g s e r v e r d e f i n i t i o n is useful. In this case only the parameters that differ between the two server definitions have to be changed.Figure 1 Defining the IED (Create new Server)The parameters needed to connect to a device should be specified in the documentation for the IED. Usually the IP address is sufficient to connect to an IED.If special parameters need to be set, the A d v a n c e d Button will reveal all available options.The D i s c o v e r button offers a list of servers to connect to. Pick the new server and the S e r v e r Q u e r yP r o g r e s s window will open.IEDScout now reads the self-description of the IED. It discovers the data model of the IED and then reads the actual values contained in the data. Depending on the size of the data model, the speed of the connection, and the server, this may take more than a minute.IEDScout creates a new server section for the discovered IED on the main screen. Double click on the subsections of the IED provides access to all the services that the IED supports.E. g. double clicking on D a t a opens the D a t a V i e w, which will be explained later.Additionally, Datasets and all Control Blocks (GOOSE, Reports, Logs, Sampled Values) can be accessed from here.Right click on the light blue colored root of the IED allows the user to D i s c o n n e c t or D e l e t e the server.Figure 2 Connected to "Q0_S"The status of the connection to the IED is indicated with the following icons:– Shows whether the loaded IED is connected (green) or disconnected (gray) – The IED has been discovered– The IED definition has been loaded from an SCL file (will be explained below)When one of the logical devices in the Main screen is double-clicked, the D a t a V i e w will open. It is divided into two panes.The nesting depth in the left pane is limited to the LD level and gives an overview of the IEDs and their top level structure. This pane is especially useful for quickly navigating between IEDs when multiple devices are loaded.The right pane is for inspecting the IEDs' data models in detail, down to the attribute level.Figure 3 Data View with "Q0_S" loadedThe data tree shows the different types of objects with different icons:• – The server (IED), the root of the data tree• – Logical Device• – Logical Node• – Functional Constraint• – Data Object• – Data Attributes, the leafs of the treeThe D a t a V i e w uses colors to signalize the status and the information source of the data.• – Initial value, the value has not yet been updated• – The value has been retrieved by a read command• – Data has changed within a report• – Data has been updated by a report General Interrogation (GI)• – Value comes from periodic reporting• – This value has just been writtenA context menu opens when a selected data item is right-clicked with the mouse. The context menu offers various functions to be performed with the item, such as R e a d, W r i t e, P o l l i n g, etc. Depending on the selected item (context), some functions which do not apply to that item will be disabled (grayed out).2.2 Working with SCL FilesIEDScout provides useful features with SCL. An SCL file can be created from a discovered IED. If an SCL file with definitions of an IED is provided, the connection and browsing process can be facilitated. Saving an SCL FileThis function is typically used to produce an ICD file for a discovered IED. There are several usages of this SCL file: support further re-connection to the device, import of GOOSE definitions by the GOOSE Configuration module of the OMICRON Test Universe, Simulating of the IED, etc.The S a v e S C L function is accessible from the main screen via the toolbar or the Filemenu.The S a v e S C L window opens. First, the server is selected in the "Server" list.Specifying the I E D N a m e is mandatory and essential to get a correct SCL file. The IED discovery process delivers the IED Name and the LD names concatenated together without delimiters. In the SCL file, these two names need to be stored separately. To split IED Name and LD names correctly, the IED Name has to be known.IEDScout tries to guess the IED Name, which succeeds when sufficiently different LD names are contained in the server. If there is only one LD in the server or if the LD names do not differ at the first character, IEDScout cannot make a correct guess. In this case, the user must provide the correct IED Name. In any case, the IED Name is not arbitrary and must at least match the leading characters of the(IED Name + LD name) string delivered by the IED.Figure 4 Save SCL window Other information as I E D T y p e,M a n u f a c t u r e r and C o n f i g V e r s i o n are optional.As far as possible, IEDScout will correct deviations from the standard in the discovered data model to create a conformant SCL file. Corrections are listed in the "Results:" list.When storing the SCL file, information about the meanings of attributes of type "Enum" is added. The default source for this information is the file "enums.dat". While D i s c o v e r delivers only the ordinal integer values for enumerators, the meanings are displayed in text form when connecting to the device using an SCL file (see the next example).Connecting Using an SCL FileWhen connecting using an SCL file, no parameters have to be specified and the connection operation is much faster because the data model will not be requested from the server.Opening the SCL FileAn SCL file (.icd, .scd, .cid) is opened by selecting the O p e n S C L function from the toolbar or the F i l e menu in the main screen.It is also possible to drag-and-drop an SCL file onto the Main screen of IEDScout.A tree view with all servers in the SCL file is displayed. The tree can be expanded to a certain level to examine the devices offered. A selection specifies which server's data are actually loaded into IEDScout. IEDScout creates new server sections for the selected servers on the main screen, just as if they were found through a D i s c o v e r process.ConnectingIf the addressing (for example the IP address) of the server has changed since the SCL file was created, according modifications can be made by double-clicking on A d d r e s s.A connection is then established by simply clicking C o n n e c t in the right click popup menu of the light blue IED root node.Connecting to a server by using its SCL file speeds up the process considerably, since the discovery of the data model structure is not necessary. This information is already delivered by the SCL file.The actual data can then be read with the R e a d D a t a function in the context menu of the IED or by using the R e a d function (from the context menu of a data item) in the D a t a V i e w.Additionally, the SCL file contains information about the meanings of attributes of type "Enum". This information is then displayed in text form along with the ordinal values for enumerators.2.3 Polling DataData to be polled are collected in the P o l l i n g window. All polled data can be viewed together in one place. This is especially convenient when data from different IEDs are to be observed together, which would not be simultaneously visible in the data view.The Polling Window opens as soon as a data object or attribute is added for polling. Adding data items is done in the D a t a V i e w by focusing an item (DO or DA) and selecting P o l l from the context menu or by dragging & dropping items from the D a t a V i e w to the P o l l i n g window.Items can be individually removed by using the context menu in the P o l l i n g window.Figure 5 Polling Window with dataAll data are polled with the same rate. The polling interval can be selected from preset values.The green dot on the toolbar flashes when the data are polled.If polling is paused, the data can be refreshed manually.2.4 Working with ReportsEnabling a ReportTo enable a report from the device, a report control block (RCB) must be selected. This is done by browsing the object model in the Data View and setting the focus on a RCB. The context menu then offers the function E n a b l e. The values in the RCB that are changed by IEDScout by this action are then marked in purple.Figure 6 Data tree with enabled report (purple)Depending on the trigger options, the server will then send the reports to IEDScout. The updated data will be marked red in the data tree.General InterrogationWhen the report control block is enabled (as mentioned before) and the trigger option allows a general interrogation, the G I function triggers a report that is sent regardless of the other trigger conditions.2.5 Subscribing and Recording GOOSEIEDScout provides four different methods to subscribe to a GOOSE.Subscribing using GOOSE Control BlocksSubscribing by the Control Blocks displayed in the Main ScreenThe Main screen lists all available GOOSE Control Blocks (GCBs) of the IED. When one is double-clicked, the GCB detail window opens. The menu bar has a S u b s c r i b e button.Figure 7 Subscribing from the GOOSE Control Block detail viewOn pressing the S u b s c r i b e button, the GOOSE Subscription Window opens and the GOOSE is displayed in detail.Figure 8 Subscribed GOOSEAll subscription actions lead to the GOOSE Subscription Window or can be initiated from there (see further examples).Subscribing by the Control Blocks displayed in the Data ViewWith the focus on a GOOSE Control Block (GCB), the context menu (accessible via right-click) offers the function S u b s c r i b e G C B. Selecting this function will automatically set up a GOOSE subscription.Figure 9 Subscription using a GOOSE Control BlockAccessing VLAN InformationThe GOOSE subscription also shows the VLAN information in the"Network" branch, but IEDScout can only do so if the Ethernetpackets received actually contain such a VLAN tag.Until a few years ago, network components were not aware ofVLANs and just passed on the entire Ethernet packetsunmodified.Today, modern network equipment is becoming more and more"VLAN aware" and behaves accordingly. VLANs are primarily anissue of network management, so VLANs are primarily handled inEthernet switches and the VLAN tags are not intended to beprocessed by the end devices. Consequently, networkcomponents (switches, adapters, drivers) may strip the VLANtags from the Ethernet packets. It depends on several factors ifand where VLAN tags are stripped, but with the development ofthe networking components, it becomes less likely that applications such as IEDScout will even get the VLAN tags delivered for display and further analysis. Only in specific cases it is possible to get the VLAN tags actually delivered. There are few helpful materials on this, the few ones can be found by submitting an internet search for "capture vlan" or similar.Given the situation as described above, the VLAN information is more likely to be shown as "No VLAN tag".GOOSE SniffingThe GOOSE Sniffer can be started from the G O O S E S u b s c r i p t i o n window or the A c t i o n menu of the Main window. It finds all GOOSE messages arriving at the GOOSE adapter (as specified in the Configuration dialog).These GOOSEs can then be subscribed with the S u b s c r i b e button. Various other functions are accessible from the context menu of a GOOSE entry.Transferring GOOSE Information to Configure a CMC Test SetThe GOOSE Sniffer also supports Drag & Drop or Copy & Paste to the OMICRON Test Universe GOOSE Configuration Module to subscribe/simulate GOOSEs with the CMC test set.Drag & Drop or Copy & PasteFigure 10 Transferring a data from the GOOSE Sniffer to the GOOSE Configuration Module Subscribing ManuallyAdditionally, a GOOSE can be subscribed "from scratch" without using the IED's data model and access to the control blocks. All relevant GOOSE parameters must be known and specified manually. This can be done in G O O S E S u b s c r i p t i o n s with the S u b s c r i b e button. The GOOSE parameters have to be entered in the opening subscription dialog.Figure 11 Subscribing manually by specifying parametersGOOSE RecordingIEDScout has a powerful function for recording GOOSE traffic. Complex relations between data in multiple GOOSEs can be analyzed this way.The data are recorded into COMTRADE files which can be analyzed in several viewer applications. OMICRON TransView may be available for this purpose if the OMICRON Test Universe software (with EnerLyzer) is installed.The name template defines the location where the COMTRADE records are stored and the base file name. Incrementing numbers are appended to the filenames for further recordings.Figure 12 GOOSE Recording WindowThe O p e n function will launch the application associated with the COMTARDE configuration files (CFG file extension) to view the COMTRADE files.When using OMICRON TransView, the maximum recording time is limited to approximately 35 minutes with a µs resolution.Data attributes to be included in the recording need the checkmark next to them checked. Normally, only state changes are recorded. When the sequence number (SqNum) is included, all retransmits will be recorded as well.Trigger conditions can be set up with attributes selected for recording.2.6 Simulating GOOSEThe GOOSE message to be created for the example shall have the following properties:GOOSE ParametersGOOSE Control Reference: IEDScout/LLN0$GO$EvalDataset Reference: IEDScout/LLN0$Eval_DataSetGOOSE ID: GOOSEIDApplication ID: 0x3FFFMulticast MAC Address: 01:0C:CD:01:01:FFRetransmission: First Interval: 1000ms, Multiplier: 2, Max Interval: 8000ms,default strategyData: Boolean; Integer; BitString[4]Creating a GOOSEOpen the G O O S E O u t p u t view by selecting G O O S E S i m u l a t i o n s from the toolbar.Create a new GOOSE with A d d G O O S E.In the Destination MAC address field specify the last two bytes of 01 0C CD 01 01 FF.The initial data must be entered in the D a t a field.For this example, "{False, 0, [1000]}" is the initial data. The data can also be edited with the … button next to the Data field.The other fields are filled out according to the parameters given above:G o I D: "GOOSEID"G c R e f: "IEDScout/LLN0$GO$Eval"D a t S e t: "IEDScout/LLN0$Eval_DataSet".Set the AppID and the VLAN parameters with the Advanced button at the Advanced Addressing Window. The strategy can be changed through the S t r a t e g y button. For this example, the defaults are used. Creating a GOOSE SequenceThe data shall change every second between four different states:Step 1: {False, 0, [1000]}Step 2: {True, 1, [0100]}Step 3: {False, 2, [0010]}Step 4: {True, 3, [0001]}With the I n s e r t S t e p button, four steps are inserted. The D e l a y field is set to 1000ms on all steps.The corresponding data are specified in the data fields.The GOOSE will be published as soon the setup is confirmed with O K on the E d i t G O O S E/G S S E window.Figure 13 The example GOOSE with all parameters filled inThe GOOSE and the sequence shown in Figure 13 is the one used in the evaluation version of IEDScout. Running a GOOSE SequenceBy clicking on R u n in the G O O S E O u t view, the data changes every second according to the setting in the steps.2.7 Analyzing Client/Server CommunicationGeneralThe client/server (C/S) communication is a generic term for the "Two Party Application Association" (TPAA), which is one of the abstract communication services (ACSI) defined in IEC 61850-7-2.In a substation, the client is typically the station controller and the server is typically an IED such as a protection relay and the C/S communication is mainly used for the classical SCADA data exchange.In the context of IEC 61850, the term "MMS" is often used when C/S is actually meant. But in fact MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification, ISO 9506) is just the specific transport protocol used to perform the C/S communication. The specific communication service mapping (SCSM) of the abstract communication services to the MMS protocol is described in IEC 61850-8-1, which also contains the mapping of the GOOSE service to Ethernet. C/S communication could also be performed over alternate transport protocols, e.g. Web-Services, which are actually considered for certain applications like wind power generation.Accessing Client/Server TrafficThere is a significant difference between GOOSE and C/S communication. GOOSE is an Ethernet (network layer) multicast traffic (MCAA: Multicast Application Association). Unless dedicated filters are set up, the Ethernet switches will replicate a received GOOSE and forward it to all connected links. So any device can receive a GOOSE without further efforts.With C/S communication, this is different. The C/S communication is performed over explicitly established connections between the client and the server. The data packets are forwarded as unicast traffic, and that means that the corresponding Ethernet packets are only forwarded on those links that actually establish the path between the involved end points (the client and the server). Without special precautions, an analysis tool like the IEDScout, connected to an arbitrary port on an Ethernet switch, will not receive the packets to be analyzed.There are two means of accessing unicast traffic: taps and mirror ports. A tap is a device that is inserted into a network link and that replicates the traffic going over the link to additional ports, from where it can be received for further processing. A mirror port can be typically found on managed Ethernet switches and this port can be configured to replicate the traffic from specified other ports on the switch, similar as if a tap was used.So for receiving C/S communication with IEDScout, the access to the traffic of interest must be first established as indicated above.For capturing the C/S traffic that is caused by IEDScout itself in its role as a client, there are no special precautions necessary as this traffic is anyway accessible for IEDScout.IEDScout obtains the C/S traffic from the same network adapter that is selected for GOOSE.ACSI SnifferThe A C S I S n i f f e r is accessed via the toolbar from the main screen.The function captures not only the messages related to the C/Straffic, but also the GOOSE messages, so these two ACSI servicesare covered together.To get a better overview and for easier understanding, dedicatedviews for specific kinds of traffic/messages are provided on theACSI level. To investigate the traffic in more detail, drilling down tolower protocol layers (MMS and Ethernet) is also possible.The figure on the right shows how the top level ACSI services(defined in IEC 61850-7-2) relate with the layers below.The mapping of the C/S services to MMS (which itself usesTCP/IP) and the mapping of GOOSE directly to Ethernet is definedin IEC 61850-8-1.Views and FunctionsThe C l i e n t/S e r v e r+G O O S E view shows the C/S messages and the GOOSE messages together. This view gives insight in the course of actions where C/S requests and responses and GOOSEs depend on each other. In this regard, this is more than just an event list.The top half of the list of events below was captured from the execution of a switch command (with SBO) on an XCBR. When the switching happens, the course of the CB status is published via GOOSE and when the CB has entered its new state, reports are generated.At about half down the list, the CB is tripped via a GOOSE (e.g. published by a protection relay), the change of the CB status is again published via GOOSE and reports are sent to the client.By default, only GOOSE status changes are displayed. If desired, the display of GOOSE retransmissions can be enabled by checking R e t r a n s m i s s i o n s in the toolbar. This is a simple (and thus very fast) display filter that suppresses any GOOSEs with a sequence number other than zero. Be aware that if the first GOOSE with a new status (the one with sequence number zero) is missing for some reason, the status change will not be visible at all when repetitions are not shown. There is no further detection of the status changes from analyzing the status numbers.The two kinds of communication can be separately viewed in the C l i e n t/S e r v e r and G O O S E views.The R e p o r t view is provided for convenience. This frequently used filtered view can be accessed in the dedicated tab without the need to use the filter function.Search and FilterIn any view, search and filter functions are available. A toolbar with input fields for search and filter strings are displayed at the bottom of the list.The S e a r c h function does not alter the amount of the displayed entries, but allows finding and stepping through all occurrences of the search string.The F i l t e r function limits the amount of the displayed messages to those containing the filter string.The string matching is case insensitive and works on all text strings (path names, time stamps, ...) that are displayed in the different columns, even if the string is in a collapsed sub-tree that is not currently visible. For example, filtering for "report" in the C/S view would result in a similar (not exactly the same!) display as the R e p o r t view provides.Details of C/S TrafficC/S communication is mostly confirmed (only unsolicited reports are unconfirmed), so the traffic mainly consists of request/response sequences. IEDScout detects requests and responses that belong to each other and groups them together.When expanding an entry in a C/S view, this grouping of the request and the associated response becomes visible. In the figure below this is shown for the operate command.Drilling DownIn any view, a drill down to the underlying protocol layer is possible to obtain more details.When drilling down from a C/S view to investigate the transactions on the MMS layer, all messages belonging to the selected C/S transaction are highlighted in the M M S view with a light yellow color. This will reveal for instance, that a single request/response pair of the C/S layer can consist of multiple MMS messages.The scope of messages belonging to an ACSI transaction cannot always be determined with absolute precision, so the highlighted range may contain some excess messages.More details on the MMS transactions can be seen when further expanding the entries. The E x p a n ds u b t r e e and C o l l a p s e s u b t r e e functions are most useful with MMS, because the nesting can be rather deep with this protocol.The E t h e r n e t view shows the individual Ethernet packets with only few details. To provide a focused view, only packets belonging to IEC 61850 C/S and GOOSE communication are listed.。
America-The Story Of Us E07-E08
[04:00.63]我认为 雕像不仅仅是雕像 I think a statue is not just a statue.
[04:03.63]
[04:00.63]梅丽尔·斯特里普 [著名演员]
[04:05.18]
[04:03.63]其象征意义才是最重要的 I think symbols really matter.
[03:33.03]里面是4美元 You will find enclosed $4."
[03:34.89]这钱本来是我们存起来看马戏用的 "The money we saved to go to the circus with."
[03:37.39]
[03:37.69]捐款从全国各地源源不断地涌来 Donations flood in from all across the country,
[00:43.89]
[00:45.16]我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.
[00:48.00]
[00:48.30] 美国: 我们的故事
[00:50.92]
[00:51.22] 本字幕由 YYeTs人人影视 原创翻译制作 仅供学习 禁止用于任何商业盈利行为 更多影视更新 请登陆
[00:31.41]
[00:33.97]我们是前锋 We are pioneers
[00:35.41]也是先驱 and trailblazers.
[00:37.32]我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.
[00:39.85]
[00:40.50]我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.
美利坚我们的故事AmericaTheStoryofUs（2010）第4集中英表格台词剧本
剧本由V信公众号v i c t o r r i i d2018施工整理~排版多样~希望对您有所帮助[美、英剧、电影、纪录片] [中英纯英]台词剧本定制也可以发邮箱*****************(自动回复)———————————该信息下载后删除页眉即可，谢谢理解与支持——————————America is exploding across the continent.整个美国从东到西呈现爆炸式的增长The economy is booming.经济蒸蒸日上Cotton in the South...南方的棉花种植业industry in the North.北方的工业But the new nation is divided.但这个新生国家内部却并不一致In the land where all men are created equal...在一个人人生而平等的国度4 million black Americans live as slaves.四百万黑人过着奴隶的生活And it's tearing the nation apart.它正在加剧着这个国家的分裂We are pioneers...我们是前锋and trailblazers.也是先驱We fight... for freedom.我们为自由而战We transform our dreams into the truth.我们将梦想付诸现实Our struggles... will become a nation.我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生美国: 我们的故事第四集分裂1825.1825年All over the world, the modern era is being born.全世界迎来了现代化的曙光It's the Industrial Revolution.工业革命来临America is racing to catch up.美国努力迎头追赶In upstate New York,在纽约州北部a man-made river is cutting through the wilderness.一条人工运河正在郊野中开凿The Erie Canal is the biggest construction project伊利运河是四千年来in the Western world in the last 4,000 years.西方世界规模最大的建筑工程Over 300 miles long, dug entirely by hand,全长超过300英里完全由手工开凿and America lacks a single qualified engineer.而当时美国连一名像样的工程师都没有The United States of America美国人isn't about to let nature stand in its way.不会让大自然阻挡他们的去路I think of the spirit of America我认为美国精神是迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员]being imagination combined with tenacity.想象力与毅力的完美结合There's a strong work ethic,人们有兢兢业业的工作精神a wonderful freedom of creation,有可以尽情施展的创造力combined with the mental muscle and physical labor.加上脑力与体力相得益彰对我来说它是人类精神的最高体现So to me, it represents the best of the humanspirit.But the land doesn't always cooperate.然而大自然并不见得愿意合作A wall of solid limestone 60 feet high.一道60英尺高的石灰岩壁挡住了去路Just 30 miles from the finish line, Lake Erie.仅仅30英里开外就是终点伊利湖The canal will change everything,运河将会改变一切linking the Atlantic Ocean to the whole middle of将整个美国中部与大西洋连接起来America.It changes where people live, and why,它改变人们的居住地点和人生追求把整个北方变成了全球经济中心and turns the North into a global economicpowerhouse.The man behind the canal主持运河开凿的is New York's gung-ho governor, Dewitt Clinton.是满腔热忱的纽约州州长德威特·克林顿Born to wealth, he won't take no for an answer.出身富庶之家的他坚信一切皆可为He wants to be president.他有志当总统Instead, he runs New York for 20 years.却最终在纽约州长任上尽心竭力了20年America was blessed with many inspirational美国历史上出现过许多独具慧眼的领导人leaders,鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长]and I think Dewitt Clinton我认为德威特·克林顿had a real sense of how important new York could深知纽约州的发展对美国意义重大be for America.Clinton's vision: to make New York rich.克林顿的愿景是让纽约州富起来Politically, the canal is a huge gamble.从政治层面说开凿运河就像一场豪赌舆论纷纷抨击这项危险而又昂贵的工程It's savaged in the press as dangerous and tooexpensive.They call it "Clinton's big ditch."他们将其戏称为"克林顿的大沟"But it will change New York forever.而这条"大沟"将永远改变纽约州It is a work more stupendous,这一工程比人类迄今为止所完成的more magnificent, and more beneficial任何工程都更伟大更壮观than has hither to been achieved by the human race.并能产生更多效益Entrepreneurship is about doing things所谓创业精神就是迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长]when you don't know what it's gonna look like,尽管你不知道结果怎样you don't know what it's gonna be made of,也不知道该如何着手you just have this instinct你所凭借的只是一种直觉that you can do it and it'll work.一种充满必胜信心的直觉Those guys had visions and did it.这群人很有远见并且敢想敢做50,000 men.5万人11 million cubic yards of rock.1100万立方码的石块玫瑰碗球场可容纳92,542人Enough to fillthe Rose Bowl 26,000 times.足以填满26000个玫瑰碗球场Crews are filled with Irish immigrants.工人中有很多是爱尔兰移民大卫·吉尔罗伊在这里挣的钱是家乡的5倍David Gilroy makes five times what he can earn backhome,but it's hazardous work.但这是项危险的工作They're literally moving mountains,他们其实是在移山and there's only one way through-- gunpowder.而唯一可行的办法就是用火药A highly combustible mix of这是一种由硝酸盐木炭及硫磺制成的nitrate, charcoal and sulfur.极易燃的混合物The wrong proportions can be lethal.一旦配比出错后果就是致命的There's only one job只有一项工作比that's more dangerous than lighting the fuse...比点燃导火索更危险going back to relight it.那就是回去再点一次To cope, workers drink.为了克服恐惧工人们喜欢喝酒Whiskey calms the nerves--威士忌能缓解紧张and clouds the brain.同时也会麻痹大脑An English tourist can't believe一名英国游客不敢相信they're mixing alcohol and explosives.他们在执行爆破工作的时候还敢喝酒The Irish laborers grew so reckless of life,这些爱尔兰工人变得越发莽撞大胆that at the signal for blasting,以至于当听到爆炸的信号时they would just hold their shovels over their他们只不过拿铲子在头顶挡一下heads.I think when you're brought up in America,我认为成长在美国肖恩·康姆斯[著名歌手绰号"吹牛老爹"]you're brought up on the history of hard work.就是成长在一段辛勤劳动的历史之中There are so many immigrants有那么多的移民that have died to build this country.为建设这个国家献出了生命That's in our bloodstream,这种精神流淌在我们美国人的血液中that's in our DNA as Americans.深藏在我们美国人的基因里We don't want their lives to go in vain.我们不想让先辈们的牺牲付诸东流Because of that, we usually work harder than因此我们会比其他人更勤劳anybody else.Eight years of digging.八年的开凿Nearly a thousand lives lost.近千人的牺牲$7 million, more than 100 million today.七百万美元的投入相当于如今的一亿美元The Erie Canal opens in 1825,换来了伊利运河于1825年的顺利通航a miracle of engineering,一个工程史上的奇迹诞生了connecting East and Midwest.东部和中西部从此连为一体It's an instant economic superhighway.运河立刻成为了一条推动经济的高速公路$15 million of goods a year flow along the canal.每年有总价值1500万美元的货物来往于河上Villages along the canal boom into dynamic cities--沿岸的小村庄迅速发展成了发达的城市Buffalo, Syracuse and Rochester.水牛城锡拉丘兹和罗切斯特Goods crash in price, up to 95%.物价大幅下降最大降幅达到95%A frontier that had to be self-sufficient昔日不得不自给自足的边陲小镇can now buy anything they want.如今各种商品应有尽有Prosperity is on the move.繁荣之火开始燎原New York City becomes a boomtown.纽约市变成了一座繁华都市Wall Street takes off as a global financial center.华尔街迅速崛起成为了世界金融中心The city quadruples in size...城市规模扩大了4倍并一举超越新奥尔良成为全国第一大港口and surpasses New Orleans as the nation's number-one port.There's so much money around,这里财富聚集the word "Millionaire" is invented in 1840."百万富翁"一词就是1840年在这里诞生的The Erie Canal still shapes New York today.伊利运河仍在影响着今天的纽约州80% of the upstate population其北部80%的人口still lives within 25 miles of it.依然生活在运河25英里的流域范围内Hundreds of miles to the south,向南数百英里a small plant is creating another economic boom.一种小型作物正在创造另一种经济腾飞Cotton.棉花But this one will eventually tear the nation apart.然而这种作物也导致了后来的国家分裂Cotton is native to tropical regions,棉花原产于热带地区因此美国南部各州成为了理想的种植区making the Southern states of the US a perfectbreeding ground.The valued part is the soft fiber棉花有价值的部分是紧密地长在这种灌木黏性种子周围的柔软纤维which grows tightly around the shrub's stickyseeds.There are 30 species worldwide.全世界有30个棉花品种Growing it is no problem,引进种植不成问题but processing the fiber before it can be spun into但是加工这些纤维并使之能纺织成布料clothis labor-intensive.则需要大量劳动力Especially, separating the seeds.特别是在除去棉籽时For years, it could only be done by hand.多年来只能通过手工来完成One pound took an entire day.仅分离一磅棉花就需要一整天的劳动A simple patent filed on March 4, 1794,1794年3月4日一项简单的发明changes all that.改变了这一切The cotton gin.轧棉机It automates the process它实现了加工过程自动化and deeply divides the country.也加深了国家的分裂The cotton gin transformed not only America,轧棉机不仅改变了美国but the world.也改变了世界The concept of mass production using a machine利用机器进行大规模生产的理念伍迪·诺里斯[发明家]just exploded everywhere.从此开始在各地流行One man can now process 50 times more cotton.一个工人现在能加工比从前多50倍的棉花Output skyrockets all over the South.整个南方的棉产量因此突飞猛进1830年美国棉产量占世界总产量的一半In 1830, America is producing half the world'scotton.By 1850, it's nearly 3/4.到1850 这一比例接近四分之三Called white gold,被喻为"白色黄金"的棉花cotton supports a new lavish lifestyle in the给南方带来了一种新式的奢华生活South.By 1850,到1850年there are more millionaires per capita in Natchez, 密西西比州的纳奇兹市的人均百万富翁数量Mississippi,than anywhere else on Earth.比全世界任何一个地方都要多The richest man in town owns 40,000 acres,城里最富有的人拥有4万英亩田地nearly three times the size of Manhattan Island.几乎是曼哈顿岛的3倍大The South is thriving南方的迅速繁荣on the backs of humans owning other humans.离不开一种人剥削人的制度It's called slavery.也就是奴隶制The North is implicated in the South's success.北方也受到了南方繁荣的影响工业发达的北方从南方的棉花中获益The industrial North is profiting from Southerncotton,but turns a blind eye to slavery.而对奴隶制却视而不见Many of them slave owners themselves,开国元勋中的许多人自己就是奴隶主the Founding Fathers assumed slavery would soon他们以为奴隶制会很快消失disappear.奴隶制在英国已经被废除了20年Slavery has already been abolished for 20 years inBritainand is outlawed across most of Europe.而且在欧洲的大多数地区属于违法But with the cotton explosion,但由于棉产量的剧增slavery becomes critical to the Southern economy.奴隶制变得对南方经济极其重要Each slave is now 50 times more profitable.现在每个奴隶可以创造比以前多50倍的利润A slave who sold for $300 before the cotton gin在轧棉机问世前只卖300美元的奴隶goes for nearly 2,000 by 1860.到1860年可以卖到近2000美元People don't really realize this,人们没有真正意识到这一点詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编but slavery was actually on the decline in the South在轧棉机发明之前prior to the invention of the cotton gin,奴隶制在南方实际是在逐渐衰退的然而轧棉机使得棉花种植如此有利可图but then once the cotton gin made it so practicalto grow cotton,all of a sudden, every farmer in the South突然间所有南方农场主wanted to plant as much cotton as possible.都想尽可能地多种棉花But overproduction is destroying the land.然而过度种植导致了土地贫瘠Cotton heads west in search of fertile soil,棉花种植向西部肥沃的土地进发bringing slavery with it.并带去了奴隶制But antislavery forces in the North want to keep而北方的废奴势力则要维护边远地区的自由the frontier free.废奴战争的第一枪即将打响The stage is set for the first battles in the warover slavery.Cotton is changing the way Americans live.棉花改变了美国人的生活方式In time, it will blow the nation apart.不久以后它还会带来国家的分裂For the South, cotton is a gold mine.对南方来说棉花就是金矿Now the North wants a piece of the action.而现在北方也想来分一杯羹It's a partnership that makes everyone rich,这种互利共赢的合作关系based on a new machine,建立在一种新型机器的基础上the power loom.动力织布机Raw cotton comes in,运进来的是粗制棉绒finished cloth goes out.送出去的是精美的布料All under one roof.一切都在一个车间内完成The modern factory is born.现代工厂诞生了Lowell, Massachusetts,马萨诸塞州的洛威尔is called the city of spindles, a textiles这个纺织业发达的城市有着"纺锤之城"的美称boomtown.Population explodes人口在短短15年内from 200 in 1820 to nearly 20,000 in just 15 years.由1820年的200人骤增至近20000人More than a third of the town works in the mills.城里超过三分之一的人在工厂里工作85% are single women between 15 and 25.其中85%是15岁至25岁的单身女性Harriet Robinson is ten.哈丽特·罗宾逊只有10岁When her father dies, she goes to work at the mill.父亲死后她就进了工厂I can see myself now, racing down the alley,那情景历历在目我在走廊里来回穿梭between the spinning frames,奔走于纺机之间carrying in front of me a bobbin box bigger than搬着个比自己还大的线筒箱I was.Women earn money for the first time.妇女第一次可以通过劳动挣钱Harriet's wages help supporther family.哈丽特的工钱帮助补贴家用Industrialization is changing everyone's lives.工业化改变着每个人的生活All the mill girls make good use of their money.所有女童工的收入都得到了合理利用The mortgage is lifted from the homestead,家里的抵押被赎回来了the farmhouse is painted.农舍也被粉刷一新Mill girls help maintain widowed mothers女童工的收入能贴补守寡的母亲and drunken or invalid fathers.或者酗酒或者伤残的父亲We were paid $2 a week.我们每周能挣2美元Oh, how proud I was when当轮到我站在线筒箱上时it came to my turn to stand up on the bobbin-box.我是多么激动啊当妇女到纺织厂制线厂真正参与生产劳动时When women really joined the workforce in thecotton mills and the thread factories,玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"家政女王"之称]I think it gave women an opportunity to get out,这使她们有机会挣脱传统束缚be serious about being bread winners.并认真考虑自力更生了And it changed the whole fabric of America.这改变了整个美国的社会格局The mills also revolutionize how Americans dress.纺织工厂还掀起了美国人的服装革命Mass production of cheap cotton fabrics廉价棉布的大量生产spawns America's clothing industry.振兴了美国的服装业Previously, most families made their own clothes.以前大多数家庭的衣服都是自制的Now, people buy ready-to-wear.现在人们开始购买成衣Eastern fashions replace buckskin.东方潮流取代了鹿皮大衣By 1850,到1850年men's clothing is the largest manufacturing 服装业成了纽约市最大的制造业industry in New York City.For me, what makes me proudest to be an American作为美国人我最自豪的一点就是吉米·威尔士[维基百科创始人之一]is that American spirit of productivity, optimism,美国精神中的高效和乐观坚信人定胜天前景光明this idea that the world doesn't have to be doomand gloom,that we can use technology to make our lives better.我们可以利用科技让生活更美好时装并不是来自纺织厂的唯一新事物Fashion isn't the only innovation to come out ofthe mills.这里发明的技术直接导致了硅谷的诞生Technology developed here will lead straight toSilicon Valley.Looms pioneer punch cards to produce patterned织布机上首创了穿孔卡用于生产带花纹的布料fabric.Each hole in the card tells卡上的每个孔决定织机是否使用不同颜色的纺线the loom to use a different-colored thread, a yes-no decision.It's binary code, the basis of all modern这就是二进制代码所有现代计算机的基础computers.The birth of the computer and Internet计算机和互联网的诞生began in cotton mills with these looms.都始于棉纺工厂里的织机You know, in every major development,我认为在美国历史上的每一个约翰·拉萨特[皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总监]I think, in the history of America,重要的发展时期technology has been at the center of it.科技都起到了核心作用Despite 12-hour shifts,尽管轮班时间长达12个小时工厂还是给妇女们带来了无限的机遇the factories offer a new world of opportunity forwomen.They are reading more, talking more, educating她们通过更多的阅读和交流来提高自己themselves.Yeah, reading books on factory time was against the没错在上工时间读书是违规的rules,but we hid books in apron pockets and waste baskets.但我们把书藏在围裙口袋和废料桶里Sometimes we pasted poems on our looms to memorize.有时我们也把诗贴在织机上背诵美国社会第一次听到了她们的声音And for the first time in America, their voices areheard.October 1836.1836年10月洛威尔纺织厂的女工下班后有组织地聚集起来Women from the Lowell Mills gather after work andorganize.Their protest against wage cuts她们反对降薪的抗议is one of the first strikes in US history.是美国历史上最早的罢工之一And they will win.最后她们赢了The mill boss is back down.工厂老板作出了让步A generation of young women go on to become 新一代的年轻女性后来成为了老师teachers,writers and even college graduates.作家甚至大学毕业生哈丽特·罗宾逊后来成了争取妇女参政权的领军人物Harriet Robinson will become a leadingsuffragette,and testify before Congress.并在国会前作证They're the first wave in a movement她们是第一批that results in women getting the vote.争取妇女选举权运动的发起者Their secret meetings at night are only possible照亮她们夜间秘密会议的灯光来自一种非凡生物点燃的油灯with the light from lamps powered by anextraordinary creature.Whale oil opened up the night,鲸油照亮了夜晚詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编]正如许多其它革命性的新发明一样and like so many really transformativetechnological innovations,it expanded human freedom.它使人们更加自由它为人们开拓了一条多劳多得的劳动之路It created a way for people to get more, do moreand achieve more.Crude oil won't be discovered for another 20 years.原油在20年之后才被发现Until then, America runs on whale oil.在那之前是鲸油照亮着美国The whaling industry捕鲸业helped invent part of the Industrial Revolution推动了工业革命中的研发过程and the classic American workaholic,还给典型的美国工作狂帮了大忙史蒂文·约翰逊[著名作家]work-round-the-clock kind of environment,通宵达旦的工作环境where if you have more light在这种环境下如果你能有更多的亮光to keep you going in those dark winter days,来熬过那段不见天日的寒冬you could get more done, you could make more money,就能有更多成就赚到更多钱and you could kind of drive the economy forward.因而在某种程度上你也推动了经济的发展鲸是在地球上曾有过的最大的生物之一Whales are among the largest creatures to ever liveon Earth.Up to 180 tons and more than 100 feet long.体重可达一百八十吨身长逾百英尺A single whale can produce一条鲸鱼可以制成up to 3,000 gallons of oil.可以高达三千加仑[约11立方米]的鲸油Even today, whale oil is used by NASA.时至今日美国航空航天局仍在使用鲸油The Hubble space telescope runs on it.哈勃空间望远镜就是靠鲸油工作的Whaling is one of the North's biggest industries,捕鲸业是北方最大的产业之一bringing in $11 million a year.每年带来一千一百万美元的收入But the human cost is also high.但从业者的伤亡代价也很高Half of all ships will eventually be lost at sea.一半的捕鲸船最后会在大海里失踪Few men are willing to take the risk.很少有人甘冒此风险But it's an opportunity for African-Americans.但对于非裔美国人来说这却是一个良机20,000 freemen and escaped slaves take to the seas.两万名自由人和逃跑的奴隶选择了出海John Thompson is a runaway from Maryland.约翰·汤普森是马里兰州一名逃跑的奴隶I have a family in Philadelphia.我的家在费城But fearing to remain there any longer,但我不敢再在那里多呆I thought I would go on a whaling voyage我想到了去航海捕鲸where I stood least chance of抓捕逃奴的赏金猎人们不太可能being arrested by slave hunters.跑到海上来追捕我捕鲸业所提供的平等机会超前于其所处的时代The equal opportunity offered in whaling is aheadof its time.Here, a colored man is only known and looked upon在这里有色人种真正被当人看待as a man并且他们的晋升只取决于能力和技术水平and is promoted in rank according to his abilityand skillto perform the same duties as a white man.干的活也和白人一样The whaling industry offered从某种角度来说捕鲸业an ex-slave like John Thompson为那些像约翰·汤普森一样当过奴隶的人提供了社会经济层面的流动性the possibility of socialand economic fluidity,mobility小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长]and acceptance in a way.和被人接受的可能性Even in the North,即使在北方that was not possible for black people otherwise.对于黑人来说这在其它行业也是不可能的The man on the lookout cried out,负责瞭望的人大声叫道"There she blows!""她在那儿喷水呢"There were four whales in sight,海面上出现了四只鲸鱼not more than 3/4 of a mile distant.距离他们只有不到四分之三英里It takes hours to kill them.猎杀它们需要花费数小时的时间They use state-of-the-art harpoons他们用的是最先进的鱼叉invented by runaway slave Lewis Temple.这是由一个名叫路易斯·坦普的逃奴发明的路易斯·坦普[美国著名废奴主义者发明家]The whale can only be killed by lancing him under杀死鲸鱼的唯一方法是在鱼鳍处捅入鱼叉the fin,which is a work of much skill and practice.这需要很多练习和技巧A monster, terrible in his fury,一头盛怒之中的猛兽able to shiver the boat in atoms by one stroke of足以在摆尾之间让小船灰飞烟灭his tail.And yet even the dangers at sea但海上生活纵使再凶险are preferable to the horror of life as a slave.也比可怕的奴隶生活要强得多Punishment is savage for those who risk escape,对那些冒险逃跑的奴隶的惩罚手段极其凶残but some will do anything to be free.但仍有人为了自由不惜一切代价1841, New Orleans.1841年新奥尔良Ground zero for the slave trade.奴隶交易的中心It's auction day.这一天是拍卖日The day every slave fears the most.一个让所有奴隶心惊胆战的日子In the first half of the 19th century,在十九世纪上半叶over half a million slaves are sold at auction.超过一半的奴隶是在拍卖会上被卖出的It's a business worth $2 billion to the Southern这一行业在南方经济中占了20亿美元economy.Since the cotton boom,由于棉花种植业的繁荣the value of slaves has skyrocketed.奴隶的价格飙升Now men cost $1,000.现在男奴隶1000美元Women, 800.女奴隶800美元Children, 500.儿童500美元Solomon Northup,所罗门·诺萨普所罗门·诺萨普[曾著自传《为奴十二载》]an educated freeman from the North,一位来自北方的受过教育的自由人was kidnapped into slavery.因遭绑架而沦为奴隶You, come over here.你到这边来He would make us hold up our heads,他会要求我们把头抬起来walk us briskly back and forth,让我们快速来回奔跑这样顾客们就能观察我们的手臂和躯干while customers would feel our hands and arms andbodies,make us open up our mouths and show our teeth,他让我们张开嘴巴露出牙齿precisely as a jockey examines a horse,简直就像一个骑师在检验马匹which he is about to barter for or purchase.然后再决定是用钱还是用货物来完成交易Scars upon a slave's back were considered奴隶后背上的伤疤被视为evidence of a rebellious or unruly spirit,该奴隶反叛或难以管束的证据and hurt his sale.因而影响售价Take your top off.把上衣脱了90% of all African-Americans are slaves,九成的非裔美国人都是奴隶4 million men, women and children.包括400万男人女人和小孩We had based this country on我们的建国纲领是人人都享有不容侵犯的自由和平等权利everyone having inalienable rights to freedom andequality,雪儿·克罗[上世纪90年代以来最受欢迎的摇滚乐女歌手之一] and yet we created a system of abject persecution.然而我们也创造了一套惨无人道的迫害机制Slaves are fattened for auction, like livestock.奴隶们被养肥了送去拍卖就像牲口一样Dark-skinned men are bought for the fields,深肤色的男人被买走干农活light-skinned women for the house.而浅肤色的女人则用来做家务活Traders lie about their ages,奴隶贩子们谎报他们的年龄even dye a slave's gray hairs.甚至会给奴隶的白发染色For the plantation owners,对于农场主来说买奴隶就像去当地的超市买糖和面粉一样it was like just going to your local supermarketto get sugar or flour.艾尔·夏普顿牧师[美国人权领袖]They had become so desensitized to the humanity of他们已经完全忘了奴隶也是人the slavethat they did not see them as human beings.以至于根本不把奴隶当人看Buyers demand the most fertile slaves for breeding.买家需要生育能力强的奴隶来繁衍后代身价最高的就是浅肤色未成年处女The most expensive are light-skinned teenagevirgins.Rape is common.强奸已是稀松平常Eliza's from a state plantation.伊莱扎来自一个州立农场She's being sold, with her two children,和她一起被拍卖的还有她的两个孩子Emily and Randall.埃米莉和兰德尔In Louisiana,在路易斯安那州将11岁以下的孩子从父母身边带走是违法的it's illegal forchildren under 11 to be taken fromtheir parents.Boy, come over here.小伙子过来It happens all the time.但这种事屡见不鲜Show me your teeth.给我看看你的牙齿You know, 140 years is not140年的时间对于a really long time in the context of history.整个历史进程来说并不漫长So it's hard for me to believe所以我真的不敢相信that blacks didn't have any rights here,140年前黑人在这里没有任何权利可言they weren't treated as human beings,他们遭受的是非人的对待约翰·勒珍德[五次荣获格莱美奖的R&B歌手和歌曲作家] they were treated like animals, essentially.本质上他们的待遇和动物无异Sir, please!求你了先生拍卖会上过半的交易都会拆散一个家庭Over half the sales at auction will tear a familyapart.If you've ever been eight, to think of being想象一下一个八岁的孩子separated from your mother and your father被迫与父母分开and sold and you'll never see them again.被人买走永远不能再见父母一面The horror of that, the poignancy of all of that,想象一下这过程中的惊恐与辛酸安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学系教授]and yet that's the kind of thing that happened而类似事件却在整个南方屡见不鲜across the Southup until the end of slavery.直到奴隶制度瓦解Okay, my final offer,好了我最后一次出价I'll give you 1,000 for that man, 900 for that man.这个男人我出一千那个男人我出九百That woman there, $700.那边那个女人我出七百Please, buy my child!求你买下我的孩子吧Sir!先生Sir!先生I have seen mothers kissing for the last time我曾多次目睹过母亲最后一次亲吻the faces of their dead offspring,逝去的孩子的脸颊but never have I seen such an exhibition of intense但我却从没见过伊莱扎和她的孩子分离时的griefas when Eliza was parted from her child.那种痛彻心扉的悲伤Three miles outside Baltimore heading North.从巴尔的摩出发向北三英里。
AD7685中文资料
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Normative Verweisungen
Die folgenden zitierten Dokumente sind für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments erforderlich. Bei datierten Verweisungen gilt nur die in Bezug genommene Ausgabe. Bei undatierten Verweisungen gilt die letzte Ausgabe des in Bezug genommenen Dokuments (einschließlich aller Änderungen). DIN 3404, Flachschmiernippel
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DIN 28138-3:2006-06
Vorwort
Dieses Dokument wurde vom Unterausschuss NA 012-00-01-02 UA „Anbauteile“ des Normenausschusses Chemischer Apparatebau (FNCA) erarbeitet. DIN 28138 Gleitringdichtungen für Rührwellen besteht aus: Teil 1: Aus unlegiertem oder nichtrostendem Stahl — Betriebsdaten, Einbaumaße Teil 2: Aus Stahl, emailliert — Betriebsdaten, Einbaumaße Teil 3: Anschlüsse für Sperrflüssigkeiten, Kühlung, Kontrolle und Montage und Bezeichnungssystem für Gleitringdichtungen Änderungen Gegenüber DIN 28138-3:1983-10 wurden folgende Änderungen vorgenommen: a) b) c) d) Titel der Norm geändert; Terminologie an die Druckgeräterichtlinie angepasst; Ausführung mit Losflansch gestrichen; redaktionelle Änderungen vorgenommen.
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[43:53.08] 第四集分裂[43:54.98][43:55.14]1825年1825.[43:56.83][43:57.14]全世界迎来了现代化的曙光All over the world, the modern era is being born. [44:00.13][44:01.12]工业革命来临It's the Industrial Revolution.[44:02.85][44:03.62]美国努力迎头追赶America is racing to catch up.[44:06.22][44:09.31]在纽约州北部In upstate New York,[44:10.97]一条人工运河正在郊野中开凿a man-made river is cutting through the wilderness. [44:13.81][44:14.65]伊利运河是四千年来The Erie Canal is the biggest construction project[44:18.17]西方世界规模最大的建筑工程in the Western world in the last 4,000 years.[44:21.28][44:24.32]全长超过300英里完全由手工开凿Over 300 miles long, dug entirely by hand, [44:27.65][44:27.97]而当时美国连一名像样的工程师都没有and America lacks a single qualified engineer.[44:31.66][44:33.12]美国人The United States of America[44:35.45]不会让大自然阻挡他们的去路isn't about to let nature stand in its way.[44:37.26][44:37.72]我认为美国精神是I think of the spirit of America[44:40.53]想象力与毅力的完美结合being imagination combined with tenacity.[44:44.04][44:38.43] 迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][44:43.20][44:44.44]人们有兢兢业业的工作精神There's a strong work ethic,[44:47.09]有可以尽情施展的创造力a wonderful freedom of creation,[44:50.23]加上脑力与体力相得益彰combined with the mental muscle and physical labor. [44:55.07]对我来说它是人类精神的最高体现So to me, it represents the best of the human spirit.[44:59.92][45:02.48]然而大自然并不见得愿意合作But the land doesn't always cooperate.[45:04.85][45:05.73]一道60英尺高的石灰岩壁挡住了去路A wall of solid limestone 60 feet high. [45:09.31][45:15.20]仅仅30英里开外就是终点伊利湖Just 30 miles from the finish line, Lake Erie. [45:19.00][45:21.16]运河将会改变一切The canal will change everything,[45:22.81][45:23.08]将整个美国中部与大西洋连接起来linking the Atlantic Ocean to the whole middle of[45:26.47][45:28.02]它改变人们的居住地点和人生追求It changes where people live, and why,[45:30.09][45:31.56]把整个北方变成了全球经济中心and turns the North into a global economic powerhouse.[45:35.22][45:39.40]主持运河开凿的The man behind the canal[45:40.89]是满腔热忱的纽约州州长德威特·克林顿is New York's gung-ho governor, Dewitt Clinton.[45:43.76][45:46.70]出身富庶之家的他坚信一切皆可为Born to wealth, he won't take no for an answer. [45:49.88][45:51.48]他有志当总统He wants to be president.[45:52.90][45:52.95]却最终在纽约州长任上尽心竭力了20年Instead, he runs New York for 20 years. [45:56.03][45:56.71]美国历史上出现过许多独具慧眼的领导人America was blessed with many inspirational leaders,[45:59.49][45:59.50]我认为德威特·克林顿and I think Dewitt Clinton[46:00.81][46:00.82]深知纽约州的发展对美国意义重大had a real sense of how important new York could be for America.[46:04.43][45:59.39] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][46:03.05][46:09.43]克林顿的愿景是让纽约州富起来Clinton's vision: to make New York rich.[46:12.34][46:15.82]从政治层面说开凿运河就像一场豪赌Politically, the canal is a huge gamble. [46:18.63][46:18.90]舆论纷纷抨击这项危险而又昂贵的工程It's savaged in the press as dangerous and too expensive.[46:21.95][46:22.24]他们将其戏称为"克林顿的大沟" They call it "Clinton's big ditch."[46:24.45][46:24.46]而这条"大沟"将永远改变纽约州But it will change New York forever.[46:27.14]这一工程比人类迄今为止所完成的It is a work more stupendous,[46:29.07][46:29.37]任何工程都更伟大更壮观more magnificent, and more beneficial[46:32.77][46:33.04]并能产生更多效益than has hither to been achieved by the human race.[46:36.13][46:38.37]所谓创业精神就是Entrepreneurship is about doing things[46:41.10] 迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长][46:43.80][46:41.64]尽管你不知道结果怎样when you don't know what it's gonna look like,[46:43.38][46:43.39]也不知道该如何着手you don't know what it's gonna be made of,[46:44.79]你所凭借的只是一种直觉you just have this instinct[46:46.49]一种充满必胜信心的直觉that you can do it and it'll work.[46:47.85]这群人很有远见并且敢想敢做Those guys had visions and did it.[46:50.37][46:53.89]5万人50,000 men.[46:55.22]1100万立方码的石块11 million cubic yards of rock.[46:57.69]玫瑰碗球场可容纳92,542人[46:59.69][46:57.69]足以填满26000个玫瑰碗球场Enough to fillthe Rose Bowl 26,000 times.[47:01.54][47:07.39]工人中有很多是爱尔兰移民Crews are filled with Irish immigrants.[47:09.39][47:10.57]大卫·吉尔罗伊在这里挣的钱是家乡的5倍David Gilroy makes five times what he can earn back home,[47:14.41]但这是项危险的工作but it's hazardous work.[47:16.79][47:17.68]他们其实是在移山They're literally moving mountains,[47:19.99][47:20.00]而唯一可行的办法就是用火药and there's only one way through-- gunpowder. [47:23.66][47:24.03]这是一种由硝酸盐木炭及硫磺制成的A highly combustible mix of[47:26.74]极易燃的混合物nitrate, charcoal and sulfur.[47:28.67][47:29.12]一旦配比出错后果就是致命的The wrong proportions can be lethal.[47:31.79][47:43.14]只有一项工作比There's only one job[47:44.17]比点燃导火索更危险that's more dangerous than lighting the fuse...[47:46.52][47:48.59]那就是回去再点一次going back to relight it.[47:50.42][48:09.42]为了克服恐惧工人们喜欢喝酒To cope, workers drink.[48:11.53][48:11.99]威士忌能缓解紧张Whiskey calms the nerves--[48:14.31]同时也会麻痹大脑and clouds the brain.[48:15.63][48:16.12]一名英国游客不敢相信An English tourist can't believe[48:18.07]他们在执行爆破工作的时候还敢喝酒they're mixing alcohol and explosives. [48:20.65][48:21.00]这些爱尔兰工人变得越发莽撞大胆The Irish laborers grew so reckless of life, [48:23.49]以至于当听到爆炸的信号时that at the signal for blasting,[48:25.02][48:25.86]他们只不过拿铲子在头顶挡一下they would just hold their shovels over their heads. [48:28.01][48:36.24]我认为成长在美国I think when you're brought up in America,[48:37.75][48:36.75] 肖恩·康姆斯[著名歌手绰号"吹牛老爹"][48:40.75][48:38.03]就是成长在一段辛勤劳动的历史之中you're brought up on the history of hard work. [48:40.50][48:41.00]有那么多的移民There are so many immigrants[48:42.79]为建设这个国家献出了生命that have died to build this country.[48:45.17][48:45.52]这种精神流淌在我们美国人的血液中That's in our bloodstream,[48:47.00]深藏在我们美国人的基因里that's in our DNA as Americans.[48:48.39][48:48.67]我们不想让先辈们的牺牲付诸东流We don't want their lives to go in vain.[48:50.47][48:50.48]因此我们会比其他人更勤劳Because of that, we usually work harder than anybody else.[48:54.01][48:58.30]八年的开凿Eight years of digging.[48:59.44][48:59.77]近千人的牺牲Nearly a thousand lives lost.[49:01.43][49:01.74]七百万美元的投入相当于如今的一亿美元$7 million, more than 100 million today.[49:05.17][49:05.61]换来了伊利运河于1825年的顺利通航The Erie Canal opens in 1825,[49:08.55][49:08.56]一个工程史上的奇迹诞生了 a miracle of engineering,[49:10.79]东部和中西部从此连为一体connecting East and Midwest.[49:13.48]运河立刻成为了一条推动经济的高速公路It's an instant economic superhighway. [49:16.00][49:16.22]每年有总价值1500万美元的货物来往于河上$15 million of goods a year flow along the canal.[49:20.27][49:21.16]沿岸的小村庄迅速发展成了发达的城市Villages along the canal boom into dynamic cities--[49:24.59][49:24.60]水牛城锡拉丘兹和罗切斯特Buffalo, Syracuse and Rochester.[49:27.32][49:29.50]物价大幅下降最大降幅达到95% Goods crash in price, up to 95%.[49:34.05]昔日不得不自给自足的边陲小镇A frontier that had to be self-sufficient[49:36.27]如今各种商品应有尽有can now buy anything they want.[49:38.72][49:41.40]繁荣之火开始燎原Prosperity is on the move.[49:43.37][49:46.06]纽约市变成了一座繁华都市New York City becomes a boomtown.[49:48.65][49:53.56]华尔街迅速崛起成为了世界金融中心Wall Street takes off as a global financial center.[49:56.80][49:59.83]城市规模扩大了4倍The city quadruples in size...[50:02.04][50:04.44]并一举超越新奥尔良成为全国第一大港口and surpasses New Orleans as the nation's number-one port.[50:08.57][50:14.22]这里财富聚集There's so much money around,[50:16.01][50:16.32]"百万富翁"一词就是1840年在这里诞生的the word "Millionaire" is invented in 1840.[50:20.18][50:22.35]伊利运河仍在影响着今天的纽约州The Erie Canal still shapes New York today. [50:24.99][50:25.56]其北部80%的人口80% of the upstate population[50:27.14]依然生活在运河25英里的流域范围内still lives within 25 miles of it.[50:30.52][50:37.00]向南数百英里Hundreds of miles to the south,[50:38.65][50:39.07]一种小型作物正在创造另一种经济腾飞a small plant is creating another economic boom.[50:42.63][50:43.00]棉花Cotton.[50:44.04][50:44.22]然而这种作物也导致了后来的国家分裂But this one will eventually tear the nation apart.[50:47.71][50:49.79]棉花原产于热带地区Cotton is native to tropical regions,[50:51.85][50:52.13]因此美国南部各州成为了理想的种植区making the Southern states of the US a perfect breeding ground.[50:55.73][50:58.43]棉花有价值的部分是The valued part is the soft fiber[51:00.69]紧密地长在这种灌木黏性种子周围的柔软纤维which grows tightly around the shrub's sticky seeds.[51:05.58]全世界有30个棉花品种There are 30 species worldwide.[51:07.34][51:08.32]引进种植不成问题Growing it is no problem,[51:09.66][51:12.39]但是加工这些纤维并使之能纺织成布料but processing the fiber before it can be spun into cloth[51:15.77][51:15.78]则需要大量劳动力is labor-intensive.[51:17.23][51:17.93]特别是在除去棉籽时Especially, separating the seeds.[51:19.93][51:20.92]多年来只能通过手工来完成For years, it could only be done by hand.[51:23.73][51:24.16]仅分离一磅棉花就需要一整天的劳动One pound took an entire day.[51:26.48][51:28.34]1794年3月4日一项简单的发明A simple patent filed on March 4, 1794, [51:32.01][51:32.02]改变了这一切changes all that.[51:33.04][51:35.61]轧棉机The cotton gin.[51:36.54][51:38.00]它实现了加工过程自动化It automates the process[51:39.47][51:39.48]也加深了国家的分裂and deeply divides the country.[51:41.95][51:42.12]轧棉机不仅改变了美国The cotton gin transformed not only America,[51:44.35]也改变了世界but the world.[51:46.03]利用机器进行大规模生产的理念The concept of mass production using a machine [51:49.96]从此开始在各地流行just exploded everywhere.[51:52.43][51:46.66] 伍迪·诺里斯[发明家][51:50.66][51:53.50]一个工人现在能加工比从前多50倍的棉花One man can now process 50 times more cotton.[51:57.20][51:57.49]整个南方的棉产量因此突飞猛进Output skyrockets all over the South.[52:00.18][52:03.50]1830年美国棉产量占世界总产量的一半In 1830, America is producing half the world's cotton.[52:07.11][52:07.67]到1850 这一比例接近四分之三By 1850, it's nearly 3/4.[52:10.91][52:15.29]被喻为"白色黄金"的棉花Called white gold,[52:16.58]给南方带来了一种新式的奢华生活cotton supports a new lavish lifestyle in the South.[52:20.21][52:22.30]到1850年By 1850,[52:23.51]密西西比州的纳奇兹市的人均百万富翁数量there are more millionaires per capita in Natchez, Mississippi,[52:27.02]比全世界任何一个地方都要多than anywhere else on Earth.[52:28.86][52:31.63]城里最富有的人拥有4万英亩田地The richest man in town owns 40,000 acres, [52:34.76][52:34.77]几乎是曼哈顿岛的3倍大nearly three times the size of Manhattan Island.[52:37.83][52:43.30]南方的迅速繁荣The South is thriving[52:45.90]离不开一种人剥削人的制度on the backs of humans owning other humans.[52:48.51]也就是奴隶制It's called slavery.[52:50.69][52:51.75]北方也受到了南方繁荣的影响The North is implicated in the South's success. [52:55.38][52:58.84]工业发达的北方从南方的棉花中获益The industrial North is profiting from Southern cotton,[53:02.15][53:04.00]而对奴隶制却视而不见but turns a blind eye to slavery.[53:06.28][53:07.93]开国元勋中的许多人自己就是奴隶主Many of them slave owners themselves, [53:09.99][53:10.27]他们以为奴隶制会很快消失the Founding Fathers assumed slavery would soon disappear.[53:14.22][53:14.90]奴隶制在英国已经被废除了20年Slavery has already been abolished for 20 years in Britain[53:18.63]而且在欧洲的大多数地区属于违法and is outlawed across most of Europe.[53:20.80][53:21.09]但由于棉产量的剧增But with the cotton explosion,[53:22.82][53:23.11]奴隶制变得对南方经济极其重要slavery becomes critical to the Southern economy. [53:25.88][53:29.26]现在每个奴隶可以创造比以前多50倍的利润Each slave is now 50 times more profitable.[53:32.61][53:32.98]在轧棉机问世前只卖300美元的奴隶A slave who sold for $300 before the cotton gin[53:36.37]到1860年可以卖到近2000美元goes for nearly 2,000 by 1860.[53:39.25]人们没有真正意识到这一点People don't really realize this,[53:40.37] 詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编[53:43.37][53:40.51]在轧棉机发明之前but slavery was actually on the decline in the South[53:42.50][53:42.51]奴隶制在南方实际是在逐渐衰退的prior to the invention of the cotton gin,[53:44.39]然而轧棉机使得棉花种植如此有利可图but then once the cotton gin made it so practical to grow cotton,[53:48.60]突然间所有南方农场主all of a sudden, every farmer in the South[53:50.59][53:50.60]都想尽可能地多种棉花wanted to plant as much cotton as possible.[53:52.58][53:54.55]然而过度种植导致了土地贫瘠But overproduction is destroying the land.[53:56.69][53:58.17]棉花种植向西部肥沃的土地进发Cotton heads west in search of fertile soil,[54:01.49]并带去了奴隶制bringing slavery with it.[54:03.42][54:06.12]而北方的废奴势力则要维护边远地区的自由But antislavery forces in the North want to keep the frontier free.[54:10.65][54:11.09]废奴战争的第一枪即将打响The stage is set for the first battles in the war over slavery.[54:15.56][54:24.90]棉花改变了美国人的生活方式Cotton is changing the way Americans live.[54:27.80][54:28.80]不久以后它还会带来国家的分裂In time, it will blow the nation apart.[54:31.82][54:33.26]对南方来说棉花就是金矿For the South, cotton is a gold mine.[54:35.92][54:36.20]而现在北方也想来分一杯羹Now the North wants a piece of the action.[54:38.49][54:38.77]这种互利共赢的合作关系It's a partnership that makes everyone rich,[54:41.54][54:42.60]建立在一种新型机器的基础上based on a new machine,[54:44.76]动力织布机the power loom.[54:45.48][54:48.34]运进来的是粗制棉绒Raw cotton comes in,[54:49.67]送出去的是精美的布料finished cloth goes out.[54:51.13][54:51.42]一切都在一个车间内完成All under one roof.[54:53.40][54:54.72]现代工厂诞生了The modern factory is born.[54:56.82][55:00.56]马萨诸塞州的洛威尔Lowell, Massachusetts,[55:01.88]这个纺织业发达的城市有着"纺锤之城"的美称is called the city of spindles, a textiles boomtown.[55:06.55]人口在短短15年内Population explodes[55:07.88]由1820年的200人骤增至近20000人from 200 in 1820 to nearly 20,000 in just 15 years.[55:13.99][55:14.55]城里超过三分之一的人在工厂里工作More than a third of the town works in the mills.[55:16.84][55:17.60]其中85%是15岁至25岁的单身女性85% are single women between 15 and 25. [55:21.36][55:23.04]哈丽特·罗宾逊只有10岁Harriet Robinson is ten.[55:24.75][55:25.05]父亲死后她就进了工厂When her father dies, she goes to work at the mill. [55:28.32][55:29.76]那情景历历在目我在走廊里来回穿梭I can see myself now, racing down the alley, [55:32.77]奔走于纺机之间between the spinning frames,[55:34.65]搬着个比自己还大的线筒箱carrying in front of me a bobbin box bigger than I was. [55:38.33]妇女第一次可以通过劳动挣钱Women earn money for the first time.[55:41.65][55:42.13]哈丽特的工钱帮助补贴家用Harriet's wages help supporther family.[55:44.64][55:45.04]工业化改变着每个人的生活Industrialization is changing everyone's lives.[55:48.65][55:51.45]所有女童工的收入都得到了合理利用All the mill girls make good use of their money.[55:53.79][55:54.06]家里的抵押被赎回来了The mortgage is lifted from the homestead,[55:56.34]农舍也被粉刷一新the farmhouse is painted.[55:57.73][55:58.00]女童工的收入能贴补守寡的母亲Mill girls help maintain widowed mothers[56:00.24]或者酗酒或者伤残的父亲and drunken or invalid fathers.[56:02.07][56:06.00]我们每周能挣2美元We were paid $2 a week.[56:07.71]当轮到我站在线筒箱上时Oh, how proud I was when[56:09.03]我是多么激动啊it came to my turn to stand up on the bobbin-box.[56:11.61][56:12.81]当妇女到纺织厂制线厂真正参与生产劳动时When women really joined the workforce in the cotton mills and the thread factories,[56:19.04][56:16.30] 玛莎·斯图尔特[著名女企业家有"家政女王"之称][56:19.30][56:19.31]这使她们有机会挣脱传统束缚I think it gave women an opportunity to get out,[56:23.13]并认真考虑自力更生了be serious about being bread winners.[56:25.61][56:25.81]这改变了整个美国的社会格局And it changed the whole fabric of America.[56:28.88][56:30.50]纺织工厂还掀起了美国人的服装革命The mills also revolutionize how Americans dress.[56:33.96][56:36.05]廉价棉布的大量生产Mass production of cheap cotton fabrics[56:38.69]振兴了美国的服装业spawns America's clothing industry.[56:40.88][56:42.29]以前大多数家庭的衣服都是自制的Previously, most families made their own clothes.[56:45.25]现在人们开始购买成衣Now, people buy ready-to-wear.[56:47.17][56:47.80]东方潮流取代了鹿皮大衣Eastern fashions replace buckskin.[56:50.20][56:50.55]到1850年By 1850,[56:52.04]服装业成了纽约市最大的制造业men's clothing is the largest manufacturing industry in New York City.[56:55.72][56:56.00]作为美国人我最自豪的一点就是For me, what makes me proudest to be an American[56:59.38][56:57.38] 吉米·威尔士[维基百科创始人之一][57:00.38][56:59.38]美国精神中的高效和乐观is that American spirit of productivity, optimism,[57:03.29]坚信人定胜天前景光明this idea that the world doesn't have to be doom and gloom,[57:06.52]我们可以利用科技让生活更美好that we can use technology to make our lives better.[57:09.09][57:11.45]时装并不是来自纺织厂的唯一新事物Fashion isn't the only innovation to come out of the mills.[57:14.61][57:15.00]这里发明的技术直接导致了硅谷的诞生Technology developed here will lead straight to Silicon Valley.[57:18.87][57:19.19]织布机上首创了穿孔卡用于生产带花纹的布料Looms pioneer punch cards to produce patterned fabric.[57:23.00][57:25.02]卡上的每个孔Each hole in the card tells[57:26.49]决定织机是否使用不同颜色的纺线the loom to use a different-colored thread, a yes-no decision.[57:30.68][57:31.38]这就是二进制代码所有现代计算机的基础It's binary code, the basis of all modern computers.[57:35.69][57:37.28]计算机和互联网的诞生The birth of the computer and Internet[57:39.45]都始于棉纺工厂里的织机began in cotton mills with these looms.[57:42.60][57:43.29]我认为在美国历史上的每一个You know, in every major development,[57:47.18][57:44.80] 约翰·拉萨特[皮克斯和迪斯尼公司创意总监][57:47.80][57:47.18]重要的发展时期I think, in the history of America,[57:49.33]科技都起到了核心作用technology has been at the center of it.[57:53.69][57:58.00]尽管轮班时间长达12个小时Despite 12-hour shifts,[57:59.47]工厂还是给妇女们带来了无限的机遇the factories offer a new world of opportunity for women.[58:02.53][58:03.83]她们通过更多的阅读和交流来提高自己They are reading more, talking more, educating themselves.[58:07.39][58:08.52]没错在上工时间读书是违规的Yeah, reading books on factory time was against the rules,[58:12.40]但我们把书藏在围裙口袋和废料桶里but we hid books in apron pockets and waste baskets.[58:15.81]有时我们也把诗贴在织机上背诵Sometimes we pasted poems on our looms to memorize.[58:19.29]美国社会第一次听到了她们的声音And for the first time in America, their voices are heard.[58:23.56][58:26.54]1836年10月October 1836.[58:28.59]洛威尔纺织厂的女工下班后有组织地聚集起来Women from the Lowell Mills gather after work and organize.[58:32.87]她们反对降薪的抗议Their protest against wage cuts[58:34.76]是美国历史上最早的罢工之一is one of the first strikes in US history.[58:37.72][58:39.38]最后她们赢了And they will win.[58:40.27][58:40.94]工厂老板作出了让步The mill boss is back down.[58:42.57][58:43.61]新一代的年轻女性后来成为了老师A generation of young women go on to become teachers,[58:46.65]作家甚至大学毕业生writers and even college graduates.[58:49.37][58:49.87]哈丽特·罗宾逊后来成了争取妇女参政权的领军人物Harriet Robinson will become a leading suffragette,[58:53.95]并在国会前作证and testify before Congress.[58:55.67][58:58.21]她们是第一批They're the first wave in a movement[58:59.88][58:59.89]争取妇女选举权运动的发起者that results in women getting the vote.[59:02.12][59:04.07]照亮她们夜间秘密会议的灯光Their secret meetings at night are only possible [59:06.85]来自一种非凡生物点燃的油灯with the light from lamps powered by an extraordinary creature.[59:10.54][59:15.10]鲸油照亮了夜晚Whale oil opened up the night,[59:16.69][59:16.70]正如许多其它革命性的新发明一样and like so many really transformative technological innovations,[59:20.43][59:16.70] 詹姆斯·梅格斯[《大众机械》杂志总编][59:19.70][59:20.43]它使人们更加自由it expanded human freedom.[59:21.86]它为人们开拓了一条多劳多得的劳动之路It created a way for people to get more, do more and achieve more.[59:26.59][59:28.90]原油在20年之后才被发现Crude oil won't be discovered for another 20 years. [59:31.73][59:33.28]在那之前是鲸油照亮着美国Until then, America runs on whale oil.[59:36.72][59:36.86]捕鲸业The whaling industry[59:38.13][59:38.14]推动了工业革命中的研发过程helped invent part of the Industrial Revolution [59:41.06]还给典型的美国工作狂帮了大忙and the classic American workaholic,[59:44.99][59:41.99]史蒂文·约翰逊[著名作家][59:44.29][59:44.99]通宵达旦的工作环境work-round-the-clock kind of environment,[59:46.99][59:47.00]在这种环境下如果你能有更多的亮光where if you have more light[59:48.30]来熬过那段不见天日的寒冬to keep you going in those dark winter days,[59:50.36]就能有更多成就赚到更多钱you could get more done, you could make more money,[59:52.79]因而在某种程度上你也推动了经济的发展and you could kind of drive the economy forward.[59:55.41][00:08.50]鲸是在地球上曾有过的最大的生物之一Whales are among the largest creatures toever live on Earth.[00:11.78][00:15.41]体重可达一百八十吨身长逾百英尺Up to 180 tons and more than 100 feet long. [00:19.18][00:25.10]一条鲸鱼可以制成A single whale can produce[00:26.23]可以高达三千加仑[约11立方米]的鲸油up to 3,000 gallons of oil.[00:28.50][00:31.30]时至今日美国航空航天局仍在使用鲸油Even today, whale oil is used by NASA. [00:33.90][00:34.34]哈勃空间望远镜就是靠鲸油工作的The Hubble space telescope runs on it.[00:37.05][00:42.67]捕鲸业是北方最大的产业之一Whaling is one of the North's biggest industries, [00:46.06][00:46.33]每年带来一千一百万美元的收入bringing in $11 million a year.[00:48.86][00:49.85]但从业者的伤亡代价也很高But the human cost is also high.[00:52.04][00:54.31]一半的捕鲸船最后会在大海里失踪Half of all ships will eventually be lost at sea. [00:57.53][00:58.00]很少有人甘冒此风险Few men are willing to take the risk.[01:00.05][01:00.35]但对于非裔美国人来说这却是一个良机But it's an opportunity for African-Americans.[01:02.67][01:03.25]两万名自由人和逃跑的奴隶选择了出海20,000 freemen and escaped slaves take to the seas.[01:06.81][01:08.10]约翰·汤普森是马里兰州一名逃跑的奴隶John Thompson is a runaway from Maryland.[01:11.03][01:12.49]我的家在费城I have a family in Philadelphia.[01:14.51][01:15.21]但我不敢再在那里多呆But fearing to remain there any longer,[01:17.41][01:17.42]我想到了去航海捕鲸I thought I would go on a whaling voyage[01:19.88]抓捕逃奴的赏金猎人们不太可能where I stood least chance of[01:22.21]跑到海上来追捕我being arrested by slave hunters.[01:23.61][01:27.93]捕鲸业所提供的平等机会超前于其所处的时代The equal opportunity offered in whaling is ahead of its time.[01:31.73][01:32.93]在这里有色人种真正被当人看待Here, a colored man is only known and looked upon as a man[01:36.39]并且他们的晋升只取决于能力和技术水平and is promoted in rank according to hisability and skill[01:40.64]干的活也和白人一样to perform the same duties as a white man.[01:42.95][01:47.63]从某种角度来说捕鲸业The whaling industry offered[01:49.47]为那些像约翰·汤普森一样当过奴隶的人an ex-slave like John Thompson[01:52.42]提供了社会经济层面的流动性the possibility of socialand economic fluidity, mobility [01:55.65][01:52.83]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][01:58.00][01:55.65]和被人接受的可能性and acceptance in a way.[01:58.08]即使在北方Even in the North,[01:59.75][01:59.76]对于黑人来说这在其它行业也是不可能的that was not possible for black people otherwise.[02:02.78][02:07.30]负责瞭望的人大声叫道The man on the lookout cried out,[02:09.46]"她在那儿喷水呢" "There she blows!"[02:10.86]海面上出现了四只鲸鱼There were four whales in sight,[02:13.07]距离他们只有不到四分之三英里not more than 3/4 of a mile distant.[02:15.76][02:20.90]猎杀它们需要花费数小时的时间It takes hours to kill them.[02:22.48][02:24.06]他们用的是最先进的鱼叉They use state-of-the-art harpoons[02:26.26]路易斯·坦普[美国著名废奴主义者发明家][02:29.26][02:26.26]这是由一个名叫路易斯·坦普的逃奴发明的invented by runaway slave Lewis Temple.[02:29.22][02:31.08]杀死鲸鱼的唯一方法是在鱼鳍处捅入鱼叉The whale can only be killed by lancing him under the fin,[02:34.65][02:34.66]这需要很多练习和技巧which is a work of much skill and practice.[02:37.36][02:39.50]一头盛怒之中的猛兽A monster, terrible in his fury,[02:42.26][02:42.77]足以在摆尾之间让小船灰飞烟灭able to shiver the boat in atoms by one stroke of his tail.[02:46.57][02:50.00]但海上生活纵使再凶险And yet even the dangers at sea[02:52.49]也比可怕的奴隶生活要强得多are preferable to the horror of life as a slave.[02:56.16][02:58.74]对那些冒险逃跑的奴隶的惩罚手段极其凶残Punishment is savage for those who risk escape,[03:01.57]但仍有人为了自由不惜一切代价but some will do anything to be free.[03:04.92][03:09.56]1841年新奥尔良1841, New Orleans.[03:12.47][03:12.48]奴隶交易的中心Ground zero for the slave trade.[03:14.89][03:16.05]这一天是拍卖日It's auction day.[03:17.17]一个让所有奴隶心惊胆战的日子The day every slave fears the most.[03:19.83][03:22.60]在十九世纪上半叶In the first half of the 19th century,[03:24.76][03:25.03]超过一半的奴隶是在拍卖会上被卖出的over half a million slaves are sold at auction.[03:27.75][03:29.69]这一行业在南方经济中占了20亿美元It's a business worth $2 billion to the Southern economy.[03:33.03][03:34.00]由于棉花种植业的繁荣Since the cotton boom,[03:36.57]奴隶的价格飙升the value of slaves has skyrocketed.[03:37.93][03:38.38]现在男奴隶1000美元Now men cost $1,000.[03:40.50][03:40.94]女奴隶800美元Women, 800.[03:42.14][03:42.42]儿童500美元Children, 500.[03:43.94][03:46.16]所罗门·诺萨普Solomon Northup,[03:48.20][03:46.20]所罗门·诺萨普[曾著自传《为奴十二载》][03:51.81][03:48.21]一位来自北方的受过教育的自由人an educated freeman from the North,[03:49.65]因遭绑架而沦为奴隶was kidnapped into slavery.[03:51.81][03:53.11]你到这边来You, come over here.[03:54.68][03:56.30]他会要求我们把头抬起来He would make us hold up our heads,[03:58.52]让我们快速来回奔跑walk us briskly back and forth,[04:01.19]这样顾客们就能观察我们的手臂和躯干while customers would feel our hands and arms and bodies,[04:05.85]他让我们张开嘴巴露出牙齿make us open up our mouths and show our teeth, [04:09.03][04:09.04]简直就像一个骑师在检验马匹precisely as a jockey examines a horse,[04:12.08]然后再决定是用钱还是用货物来完成交易which he is about to barter for or purchase.[04:15.05][04:16.52]奴隶后背上的伤疤被视为Scars upon a slave's back were considered[04:19.04]该奴隶反叛或难以管束的证据evidence of a rebellious or unruly spirit,[04:22.55]因而影响售价and hurt his sale.[04:23.77][04:26.20]把上衣脱了Take your top off.[04:27.16]九成的非裔美国人都是奴隶90% of all African-Americans are slaves,[04:31.36]包括400万男人女人和小孩4 million men, women and children.[04:34.20][04:34.80]我们的建国纲领是We had based this country on[04:36.75]人人都享有不容侵犯的自由和平等权利everyone having inalienable rights to freedom and equality,[04:40.60][04:37.60]雪儿·克罗[上世纪90年代以来最受欢迎的摇滚乐女歌手之一][04:39.60][04:40.60]然而我们也创造了一套惨无人道的迫害机制and yet we created a system of abject persecution.[04:45.60][04:47.81]奴隶们被养肥了送去拍卖就像牲口一样Slaves are fattened for auction, like livestock.[04:51.22][04:51.78]深肤色的男人被买走干农活Dark-skinned men are bought for the fields,[04:54.00]而浅肤色的女人则用来做家务活light-skinned women for the house.[04:56.33][04:57.81]奴隶贩子们谎报他们的年龄Traders lie about their ages,[05:00.36]甚至会给奴隶的白发染色even dye a slave's gray hairs.[05:02.37][05:03.02]对于农场主来说For the plantation owners,[05:04.82]买奴隶就像去当地的超市买糖和面粉一样it was like just going to your local supermarket to get sugar or flour.[05:10.59][05:06.90]艾尔·夏普顿牧师[美国人权领袖][05:10.30][05:10.80]他们已经完全忘了奴隶也是人They had become so desensitized to the humanity of the slave[05:16.44]以至于根本不把奴隶当人看that they did not see them as human beings.[05:19.61][05:23.00]买家需要生育能力强的奴隶来繁衍后代Buyers demand the most fertile slaves for breeding.[05:25.60][05:26.57]身价最高的就是浅肤色未成年处女The most expensive are light-skinned teenage virgins.[05:29.77][05:30.70]强奸已是稀松平常Rape is common.[05:32.53][05:36.61]伊莱扎来自一个州立农场Eliza's from a state plantation.[05:38.99][05:41.95]和她一起被拍卖的还有她的两个孩子She's being sold, with her two children, [05:44.82]埃米莉和兰德尔Emily and Randall.[05:46.89][05:47.33]在路易斯安那州In Louisiana,[05:48.99]将11岁以下的孩子从父母身边带走是违法的it's illegal forchildren under 11 to be taken from their parents.[05:52.67]小伙子过来Boy, come over here.[05:54.14][05:54.39]但这种事屡见不鲜It happens all the time.[05:55.69][05:56.74]给我看看你的牙齿Show me your teeth.[05:58.50][05:58.88]140年的时间对于You know, 140 years is not[06:00.27]整个历史进程来说并不漫长a really long time in the context of history.[06:02.78]所以我真的不敢相信So it's hard for me to believe[06:04.55]140年前黑人在这里没有任何权利可言that blacks didn't have any rights here, [06:06.98]他们遭受的是非人的对待they weren't treated as human beings,[06:09.19][06:07.19]约翰·勒珍德[五次荣获格莱美奖的R&B歌手和歌曲作家][06:11.18][06:09.20]本质上他们的待遇和动物无异they were treated like animals, essentially.[06:11.18][06:12.50]求你了先生Sir, please![06:13.63][06:29.00]拍卖会上过半的交易都会拆散一个家庭Over half the sales at auction will tear a family apart.[06:32.83]想象一下一个八岁的孩子If you've ever been eight, to think of being[06:35.91]被迫与父母分开separated from your mother and your father[06:37.63]被人买走永远不能再见父母一面and sold and you'll never see them again. [06:39.96]想象一下这过程中的惊恐与辛酸The horror of that, the poignancy of all of that, [06:42.38][06:40.38]安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学系教授][06:43.38][06:42.39]而类似事件却在整个南方屡见不鲜and yet that's the kind of thing that happened across the South[06:46.19]直到奴隶制度瓦解up until the end of slavery.[06:48.09][06:49.00]好了我最后一次出价Okay, my final offer,[06:50.31][06:51.32]这个男人我出一千那个男人我出九百I'll give you 1,000 for that man, 900 for that man.[06:54.66]。