【晨鸟】2019届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)试题及参考答案

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广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(理科)

广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(理科)

2019年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数 学(理 科) 2019.3本试卷共4页,21小题, 满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B 铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号,用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的市、县/区、学校,以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡。

用2B 铅笔将试卷类型(A )填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.作答选做题时,请先用2B 铅笔填涂选做题的题号对应的信息点,再作答。

漏涂、错涂、多涂的,答案无效。

5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

参考公式:锥体的体积公式Sh V 31=, 其中S 是锥体的底面积, h 是锥体的高. 如果事件A 、B 互斥,那么()()()P A B P A P B +=+.如果事件A 、B 相互独立,那么()()()B P A P AB P ⋅=.一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,满分40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.函数()x x f 2sin =的最小正周期为A .π B.π2 C. π3 D. π42.已知z =i (1+i )(i 为虚数单位),则复数z 在复平面上所对应的点位于 A .第一象限 B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限3.某商场在国庆黄金周的促销活动中,对10月2号9时至14时 的销售额进行统计,其频率分布直方图如图1所示.已知9时 至10时的销售额为2.5万元,则11时至12时的销售额为 A . 6万元 B . 8万元C . 10万元D .12万元4.已知过()a A ,1-、()8,a B 两点的直线与直线012=+-y x 平行,则a 的值为A. 10-B. 17C. 5D. 25.阅读图2的程序框图(框图中的赋值符号“=”也可以写成“←”或“:=”),若输出的S 的值等于16,那么在程序框图中的判断框内应填写的条件是A .5>i ? B. 6>i ?C. 7>i ?D. 8>i ?6.已知p :关于x 的不等式022>-+a ax x 的解集是R ,q :01<<-a ,则p 是q 的A .充分非必要条件B .必要非充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既非充分又非必要条件7.在()n n nx a x a x a x a a x +⋅⋅⋅++++=-3322101中,若0252=+-n a a ,则自然数n 的值是A .7B .8C .9D .108.在区间[]1,0上任意取两个实数b a ,,则函数()b ax x x f -+=321在区间[]1,1-上有且仅 一个零点的概率为 A .81 B .41C .43D .87二、填空题:本大题共7小题,考生作答6小题,每小题5分,满分30分.(一)必做题(9~12题)9. 若()22log 2=+a ,则=a3 .10.若⎰ax 0d x =1, 则实数a 的值是 .11.一个几何体的三视图及其尺寸(单位:cm )如图3所示, 则该几何体的侧面积为 cm 2.12.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,对任意∈n N *都有3132-=n n a S , 且91<<k S (∈k N *),则1a 的值为 ,k 的值为 .(二)选做题(13~15题,考生只能从中选做两题) 13.(坐标系与参数方程选做题)在极坐标系中,直线24sin =⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+πθρ被圆4=ρ截得的弦长为__ .14.(几何证明选讲选做题)已知PA 是圆O (O 为圆心)的切线,切点为A ,PO 交圆O 于C B , 两点,︒=∠=30,3PAB AC ,则线段PB 的长为 .15.(不等式选讲选做题)已知∈c b a ,,R ,且432,2222=++=++c b a c b a ,则实数a 的取值范围为_____________.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分12分)已知△ABC 的内角C B A ,,所对的边分别为,,,c b a 且53cos ,2==B a . (1)若4=b , 求A sin 的值;(2) 若△ABC 的面积,4=∆ABC S 求c b ,的值.17.(本小题满分14分)甲、乙两名同学参加一项射击游戏,两人约定,其中任何一人每射击一次,击中目标得2分,未击中目标得0分. 若甲、乙两名同学射击的命中率分别为53和p , 且甲、乙两人各射击一次所得分数之和为2的概率为209.假设甲、乙两人射击互不影响. (1)求p 的值;(2)记甲、乙两人各射击一次所得分数之和为ξ,求ξ的分布列和数学期望.18. (本小题满分14分)如图4, 在三棱锥ABC P -中,⊥PA 平面ABC ,AC AB ⊥,F E D ,,分别是棱PC PB PA ,,的中点,连接EF DF DE ,,.(1) 求证: 平面//DEF 平面ABC ;(2) 若2==BC PA , 当三棱锥ABC P -的体积最大时, 求二面角D EF A --的平面角的余弦值.图419.(本小题满分12分)某车间有50名工人,要完成150件产品的生产任务,每件产品由3个A 型零件和1个B 型零件配套组成.每个工人每小时能加工5个A 型零件或者3个B 型零件,现在把这些工人分成两组同时工作(分组后人数不再进行调整),每组加工同一种型号的零件.设加工A 型零件的工人人数为x 名(∈x N *).(1)设完成A 型零件加工所需时间为()x f 小时,写出()x f 的解析式; (2)为了在最短时间内完成全部生产任务,x 应取何值?20.(本小题满分14分)已知动圆C 过点()0,2-A ,且与圆()642:22=+-y x M 相内切.(1)求动圆C 的圆心的轨迹方程;(2)设直线:l y kx m =+(其中,)k m Z ∈与(1)中所求轨迹交于不同两点B ,D ,与双曲线112422=-y x 交于不同两点,E F ,问是否存在直线l ,使得向量DF BE +=0,若存在,指出这样的直线有多少条?若不存在,请说明理由.21. (本小题满分14分)已知数列{}n a 的相邻两项1,+n n a a 是关于x 的方程022=+-n n b x x ∈n (N )*的两根,且11=a .(1) 求数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式;(2) 设n S 是数列{}n a 的前n 项和, 问是否存在常数λ,使得0>-n n S b λ对任意∈n N *都成立,若存在, 求出λ的取值范围; 若不存在, 请说明理由.2019年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(理科)试题参考答案及评分标准说明:1.参考答案与评分标准指出了每道题要考查的主要知识和能力,并给出了一种或几种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与参考答案不同,可根据试题主要考查的知识点和能力比照评分标准给以相应的分数.2.对解答题中的计算题,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误时,如果后继部分的解答未改变该题的内容和难度,可视影响的程度决定后继部分的得分,但所给分数不得超过该部分正确解答应得分数的一半;如果后继部分的解答有较严重的错误,就不再给分.3.解答右端所注分数,表示考生正确做到这一步应得的累加分数.4.只给整数分数,选择题和填空题不给中间分.一、选择题:本大题主要考查基本知识和基本运算.共8小题,每小题5分,满分40分.题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案 A B C D A C B D二、填空题:本大题主要考查基本知识和基本运算.本大题共7小题,每小题5分,满分30分.其中13~15是选做题,考生只能选做两题. 第12题第一个空2分,第二个空3分.9.9 10.2 11.80 12.-1;4 13.34 14.1 15. ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡2,112三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤.16.(本小题满分12分) (本小题主要考查正弦定理、余弦定理、同角三角函数的基本关系等基础知识,考查运算求解能力)解: (1)∵053cos >=B , 且π<<B 0, ∴ 54cos 1sin 2=-=B B .由正弦定理得BbA a sin sin =. ∴524542sin sin =⨯==b B a A . (2)∵,4sin 21==∆B ac S ABC∴454221=⨯⨯⨯c .∴ 5=c .由余弦定理得B ac c a b cos 2222-+=,FEDCBAP ∴175352252cos 22222=⨯⨯⨯-+=-+=B ac c a b . 17.(本小题满分14分)(本小题主要考查概率、随机变量的分布列及其数学期望等基础知识,考查运算求解能力) 解:(1)记“甲射击一次,击中目标”为事件A ,“乙射击一次,击中目标”为事件B ,“甲射击一次,未击中目标”为事件A ,“乙射击一次,未击中目标”为事件B , 则()()52,53==A P A P ,()()p B P p B P -==1,. 依题意得()209531153=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+-p p , 解得43=p . 故p 的值为43.(2)ξ的取值分别为,4,2,0.()()()()10141520=⨯=⋅===B P A P B A P P ξ, ()2092==ξP , ()()()()20943534=⨯=⋅===B P A P AB P P ξ, ξ∴的分布列为ξ0 2 4p101 209 209∴E.1027209420921010=⨯+⨯+⨯=ξ18.(本小题满分14分)(本小题主要考查空间中线面的位置关系、空间的角、几何体体积等基础知识,考查空间想象能力、推理论证能力和运算求解能力) (1) 证明: ∵E D ,分别是棱PB PA ,的中点,∴DE 是△PAB 的中位线.∴AB DE //. ∵⊄DE 平面⊂AB ABC ,平面,ABC∴//DE 平面ABC . 同理可证 //DF 平面ABC .∵⊂=DE D DF DE , 平面DEF ,⊂DF 平面DEF ,∴平面DEF // 平面ABC .(2) 求三棱锥ABC P -的体积的最大值, 给出如下两种解法: 解法1: 由已知⊥PA 平面ABC , AB AC ⊥,2==BC PA ∴4222==+BC AC AB .∴三棱锥ABC P -的体积为ABC S PA V ∆⨯⨯=31AC AB PA ⨯⨯⨯⨯=2131 AC AB ⨯⨯⨯=26123122AC AB +⨯≤2312BC ⨯=32=. 当且仅当AC AB =时等号成立,V 取得最大值,其值为32, 此时AC AB =2=.解法2:设x AB =,在R t △ABC 中,2224x AB BC AC -=-=()20<<x .∴三棱锥ABC P -的体积为ABC S PA V ∆⨯⨯=31AC AB PA ⨯⨯⨯⨯=2131 2431x x -= 42431x x -=()423122+--=x . ∵40,202<<<<x x ,GFED CBAP∴ 当22=x ,即2=x 时,V 取得最大值,其值为32,此时2==AC AB .求二面角D EF A --的平面角的余弦值, 给出如下两种解法: 解法1:作EF DG ⊥,垂足为G , 连接AG .∵ ⊥PA 平面ABC ,平面//ABC 平面DEF , ∴ ⊥PA 平面DEF .∵ ⊂EF 平面DEF ,∴ ⊥PA EF .∵ D PA DG = ,∴ ⊥EF 平面PAG . ∵⊂AG 平面PAG , ∴⊥EF AG .∴ AGD ∠是二面角D EF A --的平面角. 在R t △EDF 中,121,2221=====BC EF AB DF DE , ∴21=DG . 在R t △ADG 中,2541122=+=+=DG AD AG , 552521cos ===∠AG DG AGD .∴二面角D EF A --的平面角的余弦值为55. 解法2:分别以AP AC AB ,,所在直线为x 轴, y 轴, z 轴,建立如图的空间直角坐标系xyz A -,则()()⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛1,22,0,1,0,22,1,0,0,0,0,0F E D A . ∴⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=0,22,22,1,0,22.设n ()z y x ,,=为平面AEF 的法向量,∴⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅.0,0EF n n即⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=+-=+.02222,022y x z x令2=x , 则1,2-==z y .∴n ()1,2,2-=为平面AEF 的一个法向量.∵平面DEF 的一个法向量为()100-=,,DA ,∴()()()5511221222=⨯-++==n cos . ∴二面角D EF A --的平面角的余弦值为55. 19.(本小题满分12分) (本小题主要考查函数最值、不等式、导数及其应用等基础知识,考查分类与整合的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力和应用意识)解:(1)生产150件产品,需加工A 型零件450个,则完成A 型零件加工所需时间()x f ∈==x x x (905450N *,且)491≤≤x . (2)生产150件产品,需加工B 型零件150个,则完成B 型零件加工所需时间()x g ()∈-=-=x xx (5050503150N *,且)491≤≤x .设完成全部生产任务所需时间为()x h 小时,则()x h 为()x f 与()x g 的较大者. 令()()x g x f ≥,即xx -≥505090, 解得71321≤≤x . 所以,当321≤≤x 时,()()x g x f >;当4933≤≤x 时,()()x g x f <.故()()()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤≤∈-≤≤∈=4933,,5050321,,90**x N x xx N x x x h .当321≤≤x 时,()0902'<-=x x h ,故()x h 在[]32,1上单调递减, 则()x h 在[]32,1上的最小值为()1645329032==h (小时);当4933≤≤x 时,()()050502'>-=x x h ,故()x h 在[]49,33上单调递增,则()x h 在[]49,33上的最小值为()175033505033=-=h (小时); ()()3233h h > ,∴()x h 在[]49,1上的最小值为()32h .32=∴x .答:为了在最短时间内完成生产任务,x 应取32.20.(本小题满分14分)(本小题主要考查圆、椭圆、直线等基础知识和数学探究,考查数形结合、分类与整合的数学思想方法,以及推理论证能力、运算求解能力和创新意识)解:(1)圆()642:22=+-y x M , 圆心M 的坐标为()0,2,半径8=R .∵R AM <=4,∴点()0,2-A 在圆M 内. 设动圆C 的半径为r ,圆心为C ,依题意得CA r =,且r R CM -=, 即AM CA CM >=+8. ∴圆心C 的轨迹是中心在原点,以M A ,两点为焦点,长轴长为8的椭圆,设其方程为()012222>>=+b a b y a x , 则2,4==c a . ∴12222=-=c a b .∴所求动圆C 的圆心的轨迹方程为1121622=+y x .(2)由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=.11216,22y x m kx y 消去y 化简整理得:()0484843222=-+++m kmx x k . 设11(,)B x y ,22(,)D x y ,则122834kmx x k+=-+.△1()()()04844348222>-+-=m k km . ①由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-+=.1124,22y x m kx y 消去y 化简整理得:()01223222=----m kmx x k . 设()()4433,,,y x F y x E ,则24332kkmx x -=+,△2()()()012342222>+-+-=m k km . ②∵DF BE +=0,∴4231()()0x x x x -+-=,即1234x x x x +=+,∴2232438kkmk km -=+-. ∴02=km 或2231434kk -=+-. 解得0k =或0m =. 当0k =时,由①、②得 3232<<-m , ∵∈m Z ,∴m 的值为2,3-- 1-,0,13,2,;当0m =,由①、②得 33<<-k , ∵∈k Z ,∴1,0,1-=k .∴满足条件的直线共有9条. 21.(本小题满分14分)(本小题主要考查数列的通项公式、数列前n 项和、不等式等基础知识,考查化归与转化、分类与整合、特殊与一般的数学思想方法,以及推理论证能力、运算求解能力和抽象概括能力)解: (1) ∵1,+n n a a 是关于x 的方程022=+-n n b x x ∈n (N )*的两根,∴⎩⎨⎧==+++.,211n n n n n n a a b a a求数列{}n a 的通项公式, 给出如下四种解法:解法1: 由nn n a a 21=++,得⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⨯--=⨯-++n n n n a a 23123111, 故数列⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧⨯-n n a 231是首项为31321=-a ,公比为1-的等比数列. ∴()1131231--⨯=⨯-n n n a , 即()[]nn n a 1231--=. 解法2: 由nn n a a 21=++,两边同除以()11+-n , 得()()()nnnn n a a 21111--=---++,令()nnn a c 1-=, 则()nn n c c 21--=-+.故()()()123121--++-+-+=n n n c c c c c c c c ()()()()13222221-----------=n()()[]()2121211----⋅---=-n()[]1231--=n ()2≥n . 且1111-=-=a c 也适合上式, ∴()nna 1-()[]1231--=n , 即()[]n n n a 1231--=. 解法3: 由n n n a a 21=++,得1212+++=+n n n a a , 两式相减得nn n n n a a 22212=-=-++.当n 为正奇数时,()()()235131--++-+-+=n n n a a a a a a a a 25322221-+++++=n41412121-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+=-n312+=n ()3≥n . 且11=a 也适合上式.当n 为正偶数时,()()()246242--++-+-+=n n n a a a a a a a a 264222221-+++++=n41414122-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+=-n312-=n ()4≥n . 且12112=-=a a 也适合上式. ∴ 当∈n N *时,n a ()[]nn 1231--=. 解法4:由nn n a a 21=++,11=a ,得122-=a ()()()1231212122-=---+-=,()()()123121211222332223+=----=+-=-=a a .猜想n a ()[]nn 1231--=. 下面用数学归纳法证明猜想正确. ① 当1=n 时,易知猜想成立;② 假设当k n =∈k (N *)时,猜想成立,即()[]kk k a 1231--=, 由kk k a a 21=++,得()[]()[]1111231123122+++--=---=-=k k k k k k k k a a ,故当1+=k n 时,猜想也成立. 由①、②得,对任意∈n N *,n a ()[]nn 1231--=.∴()[]()[]111121291+++--⨯--==n n n n n n n a a b ()[]1229112---=+nn . (2)n n a a a a S ++++= 321 ()()()()[]{}nn 111222231232-++-+--++++=()⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡----=+21122311n n .要使0>-n n S b λ对任意∈n N *都成立,即()[]1229112---+n n ()02112231>⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-----+n n λ(*)对任意∈n N *都成立.① 当n 为正奇数时, 由(*)式得[]1229112-++n n ()01231>--+n λ, 即()()1212911+-+n n ()01231>--+n λ, ∵0121>-+n ,∴()1231+<nλ对任意正奇数n 都成立. 当且仅当1=n 时, ()1231+n有最小值1.∴1<λ.② 当n 为正偶数时, 由(*)式得[]1229112--+n n ()02231>--+n λ, 即()()1212911-++n n ()01232>--nλ, ∵012>-n,∴()12611+<+n λ对任意正偶数n 都成立. 当且仅当2=n 时, ()12611++n 有最小值23.∴<λ23.综上所述, 存在常数λ,使得0>-n n S b λ对任意∈n N *都成立, λ的取值范围是()1,∞-.。

广东省广州市2019届普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试卷(解析版)

广东省广州市2019届普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试卷(解析版)

广州市2019届普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试卷注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

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4.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

中国绘画传统这一体系,以笔墨为其最核心的成就。

中国绘画传统有别于西方美术传统,笔墨就是最大的结构性差异所在,这也是整个东方视觉艺术传统最有价值的地方。

对笔墨的分析与理解,重在把笔墨典范视作人格理想的表征系统。

所谓“笔墨典范”,强调的是历史上的大家作品所具有的典范性。

在这里,笔墨绝不仅仅是用笔和墨在宣纸上画出笔道,渗化墨象,而是比这种工具材料组合运用复杂得多的文化表征系统。

它在结构上具有一个表层、一个里层和一个核心。

表层是“可视之迹”,也就是中国画的画面痕迹;里层是“可感之心”,也就是通过画面痕迹可以感受到的画家的情绪、状态和心境;核心则是“可信之道”,指向痕迹、心境之后的人格理想,是隐藏在表层、里层之下的理想性的人生。

中国传统文化中的人格理想是在历史演进中形成的,是历代文人学士、士大夫的精神理想,这一精神理想具有群体性,不是一人、一时、一地的观念与情绪,而是代代积累的公认方向与共同诉求。

中国士人画的最高境界是借山川自然之形,运用笔墨语言来书写自己,图绘自己,尤其写出自己对天地万物的体悟,以此塑造、更新自己。

而这个“自己”,一定是走在追慕典范人格理想的自修之路上,是希贤希圣、法道法自然的践行者,因而不可能局限于小我。

这样的人、这样的作品,才真正具有典范意义。

这种人格理想的表征系统通过动作性的心理同构把表层、里层和核心相互关联起来,这一心理运作机制是一种想象中的内摹仿。

广东省2019届广州市高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学试题(解析版)

广东省2019届广州市高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学试题(解析版)

广东省2019届广州市高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学试题2019.03一、选择题(本大题共12小题,共60.0分)1.已知集合A={x|x2−2x<0},B={x|x>0},则()A. A∩B=⌀B. A∪B=RC. B⊆AD. A⊆B【答案】D【解析】解:由x2−2x<0,得:0<x<2,则集合A={x|0<x<2},A、A∩B=A,故本选项错误.B、A∪B=B,故本选项错误.C、A⊆B,故本选项错误.D、A⊆B,故本选项正确.故选:D.先由二次不等式,得到集合A,再借助数轴,得到集合A,B的关系,以及集合A,B 的交集和并集.本题考查二次不等式的解法,以及集合的交并集和集合之间的包含关系.2.已知a为实数,若复数(a+i)(1−2i)为纯虚数,则a=()A. −2B. −12C. 12D. 2【答案】A【解析】解:(a+i)(1−2i)=a+2+(1−2a)i,∵复数是纯虚数,∴a+2=0且1−2a≠0,得a=−2且a≠12,即a=−2,故选:A.根据复数的运算法则进行化简,结合复数是纯虚数,进行求解即可.本题主要考查复数的运算以及复数的概念,根据复数是纯虚数建立条件关系是解决本题的关键.3.已知双曲线C:x2−y2b2=1的一条渐近线过点(b,4),则C的离心率为()A. √52B. 32C. √5D. 3【答案】C【解析】解:双曲线C:x2−y2b2=1的渐近线方程为y=±bx,由题意可得4=b2,可得b=2,则双曲线的离心率为e=ca=√1+4=√5.故选:C.求得双曲线的渐近线方程,由题意可得b=2,再由离心率公式,计算可得所求值.本题考查双曲线的方程和性质,主要是渐近线方程和离心率的求法,考查方程思想和运算能力,属于基础题.4.a⃗,b⃗ 为平面向量,己知a⃗=(2,4),a−−2b⃗ =(0,8),则a⃗,b⃗ 夹角的余弦值等于()A. −45B. −35C. 35D. 45【答案】B【解析】解:己知a⃗=(2,4),a−−2b⃗ =(0,8),∴b⃗ =12[a⃗−(a⃗−2b⃗ )]=(1,−2),∴a⃗⋅b⃗ =2−8=−6.设a⃗,b⃗ 夹角,又a⃗⋅b⃗ =|a⃗|⋅|b⃗ |⋅cosθ=2√5⋅√5⋅cosθ=10cosθ,∴10cosθ=−6,∴cosθ=−35,故选:B.由题意利用两个向量的数量积的定义,两个向量的数量积公式,求得a⃗,b⃗ 夹角的余弦值.本题主要考查两个向量的数量积的定义,两个向量的数量积公式的应用,属于基础题.5.若sinα>sinβ>0,则下列不等式中一定成立的()A. sin2α>sin2βB. sin2α<sin2βC. cos2α>cos2βD. cos2α<cos2β【答案】D【解析】解:∵cos2α=1−2sin2α,cos2β=1−2sin2β,∵sinα>sinβ>0,∴sin2α>sin2β>0,−2sin2α<−2sin2β,则1−2sin2α<1−2sin2β,即cos2α<cos2β,故选:D.利用二倍角公式,结合不等式的性质进行判断即可.本题主要考查不等式大小的半径,结合二倍角公式进行化简是解决本题的关键.6.刘徽是我因魏晋时期的数学家,在其撰写的《九章算术注》中首创“割圆术”,所谓“割圆术”,是用圆内接正多边形的面积去无限逼近圆面积并以此求取圆周率的方法,如图所示,圆内接正十二边形的中心为圆心O,圆O的半径为2,现随机向圆O内段放a粒豆子,其中有b粒豆子落在正十二边形内(a,b∈N∗,b<a),则圆固率的近似值为()A. ba B. abC. 3abD. 3ba【答案】C【解析】解:由几何概型中的面积型可得:S正十二边形S圆=ba,所以12×12×2×2×sin3004π=ba,即π=3a b,故选:C .由正十二边形的面积与圆的面积公式,结合几何概型中的面积型得:S 正十二边形S 圆=ba ,所以12×12×2×2×sin3004π=ba ,即π=3a b,得解本题考查了正十二边形的面积及几何概型中的面积型,属中档题7. 在正方体ABCD −A 1B 1C 1D 1中,点E ,F 分别是棱AB ,BC 的中点,则直线CE 与D 1F所成角的大小为( )A. π6B. π4C. π3D. π2【答案】D【解析】解:以D 为原点,DA 为x 轴,DC 为y 轴,DD 1为z 国,建立空间直角坐标系,设正方体ABCD −A 1B 1C 1D 1中棱长为2,则C(0,2,0),E(2,1,0),D 1(0,0,2),F(1,2,0), CE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(2,−1,0),D 1F ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(1,2,−2), 设直线CE 与D 1F 所成角的大小为θ,则cosθ=|CE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅D 1F ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ||CE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |⋅|D 1F ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=0, ∴θ=π2.∴直线CE 与D 1F 所成角的大小为π2.故选:D .以D 为原点,DA 为x 轴,DC 为y 轴,DD 1为z 国,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法能求出直线CE 与D 1F 所成角的大小.本题考查异面直线所成角的求法,考查空间中线线、线面、面面间的位置关系等基础知识,考查空间想象能力、运算求解能力,考查化归与转化思想、数形结合思想,是中档题.8. 如图,一高为H 且装满水的鱼缸,其底部装有一排水小孔,当小孔打开时,水从孔中匀速流出,水流完所用时间为T.若鱼缸水深为h 时,水流出所用时间为t ,则函数ℎ=f(t)的图象大致是( )A.B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】解:函数ℎ=f(t)是关于t 的减函数,故排除C ,D ,则一开始,h 随着时间的变化,而变化变慢,超过一半时,h 随着时间的变化,而变化变快,故对应的图象为B , 故选:B .根据时间和h 的对应关系分别进行排除即可.本题主要考查函数与图象的应用,结合函数的变化规律是解决本题的关键.9. 函数f(x)=sin(x +π12)+sin(x +5π12)最大值是( )A. 2B. 32C. √3D. 2√3【答案】C【解析】解:∵sin(x +5π12)=sin(π2+x −π12)=cos(x −π12),∴f(x)=sin(x +π12)+cos(x −π12) =sinxcosπ12+cosxsinπ12+cosxcosπ12+sinxsin π12=(sinπ12+cos π12)sinx +(sinπ12+cos π12)cosx ,∵sin π12+cos π12=√2sin(π12+π4)=√2sin π3=√62. ∴f(x)=√62sinx +√62cosx =√3sin(x +π4). ∴f(x)的最大值为√3.故选:C .根据诱导公式和两角和的正弦公式化简f(x)即可得出结论. 本题考查了三角恒等变换,三角函数的最值,属于中档题.10. 一个几何体的三视图如图所示,其中正视图和俯视图中的四边形是边长为2的正方形,则该几何体的表面积为( )A.13π2B. 7πC.15π2D. 8π【答案】B【解析】解:由题意可知:几何体是一个圆柱与一个14的球的组合体,球的半径为:1,圆柱的高为2,可得:该几何体的表面积为:14×4π×12+2×π×12+2π×2=7π.故选:B .画出几何体的直观图,利用三视图的数据求解表面积即可.本题考查三视图求解几何体的表面积,可知转化思想以及计算能力.11. 已知F 为抛物线C :y 2=6x 的焦点,过点F 的直线l 与C 相交于A ,B 两点,且|AF|=3|BF|,则|AB|=( ) A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12 【答案】B【解析】解:抛物线y 2=6x 的焦点坐标为(32,0),准线方程为x =−32 设A(x 1,y 1),B(x 2,y 2),则∵|AF|=3|BF|,∴x 1+32=3(x 2+32),∴x 1=3x 2+3 ∵|y 1|=3|y 2|,∴x 1=9x 2,∴x 1=92,x 2=12, ∴|AB|=(x 1+22)+(x 2+32)=8.故选:B .根据抛物线的方程求出准线方程,利用抛物线的定义即条件,求出A ,B 的中点横坐标,即可求出线段AB 的长度..本题考查解决抛物线上的点到焦点的距离问题,利用抛物线的定义将到焦点的距离转化为到准线的距离是关键.12. 已知函数f(x)=e |x|−ax 2,对任意x 1<0,x 2<0,都有(x 2−x 1)(f(x 2)−f(x 1))<0,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A. (−∞,e2]B. (−∞,−e2]C. [0,e2]D. [−e2,0]【答案】A【解析】解:由题意可知函数f(x)是(−∞,0)上的单调递减函数, 且当x <0时,f(x)=e −x −ax 2,f′(x)=−1e x−2ax =−2axe x +1e x≤0,据此可得:2axe x +1≥0,即a ≤−12xe x 恒成立, 令g(x)=xe x (x <0),则,据此可得函数g(x)在区间(−∞,−1)上单调递减,在区间(−1,0)上单调递增,函数g(x)的最小值为g(−1)=−1e ,则(−12xe x )min =e2,据此可得:实数a 的取值范围是(−∞,e2].故选:A .由题意将原问题转化为函数单调性的问题,利用导函数的符号结合题意确定实数a 的取值范围即可.本题主要考查导函数研究函数的单调性,导函数研究函数的最值,恒成立问题的处理方法等知识,属于中等题.二、填空题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)13. 已知函数f(x)=x 3+alog 3x ,若f(2)=6,则f(12)=______. 【答案】178【解析】解:函数f(x)=x 3+alog 3x ,若f(2)=6, 则f(2)=8+alog 32=6,变形可得alog 32=−2, 则f(12)=(12)3+alog 312=18−alog 32=178;故答案为:178.根据题意,由f(2)的值分析可得f(2)=8+alog 32=6,变形可得alog 32=−2,则有则f(12)=(12)3+alog 312=18−alog 32,代入计算可得答案.本题考查函数值的计算,关键是求出函数的解析式,属于基础题.14. 已知以点(1.2)为圆心的圆C 与直线x +2y =0相切,则圆C 的方程为______. 【答案】(x −1)2+(y −2)2=5【解析】解:根据题意,设圆C 的半径为r ,以点(1.2)为圆心的圆C 与直线x +2y =0相切,则有r =√1+4=√5,则圆C 的方程为(x −1)2+(y −2)2=5; 故答案为:(x −1)2+(y −2)2=5.根据题意,设圆C 的半径为r ,由直线与圆的位置关系可得r =|1+2×2|√1+4=√5,结合圆的标准方程分析可得答案.本题考查直线与圆相切的性质,注意直线与圆相切的判定方法,属于基础题.15. 已知关于x ,y 的不等式组{2x −y +1≥0x +m ≤0y +2≥0,表示的平面区域内存在点P(x 0,y 0),满足x 0−2y 0=2,则m 的取值范围是______. 【答案】(−∞,43]【解析】解:作出x ,y 的不等式组{2x −y +1≥0x +m ≤0y +2≥0对应的平面如图:交点C 的坐标为(−m,−2), 直线x −2y =2的斜率为12,斜截式方程为y =12x −1,要使平面区域内存在点P(x 0,y 0)满足x 0−2y 0=2, 则点C(−m,−2)必在直线x −2y =2的下方,即−2≤−12m −1,解得m ≤2,并且A 在直线的上方;A(−m,1−2m), 可得1−2m ≥−12m −1,解得m ≤43, 故m 的取值范围是:(−∞,43]. 故答案为:(−∞,43].作出不等式组对应的平面区域,要使平面区域内存在点点P(x 0,y 0)满足x 0−2y 0=2,则平面区域内必存在一个C 点在直线x −2y =2的下方,A 在直线是上方,由图象可得m 的取值范围.本题主要考查线性规划的基本应用,利用数形结合是解决本题的关键,综合性较强.16. △ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知b =2,c =3,C =2B ,则△ABC的面积为______. 【答案】15√716【解析】解:∵b =2,c =3,C =2B ,∴由正弦定理bsinB =csinC ,可得:2sinB =3sinC ,可得:2sinB =3sin2B =32sinBcosB , ∴可得:cosB =34,可得:sinB =2B =√74,∴可得:sinC =sin2B =2sinBcosB =3√78,cosC =cos2B =2cos 2B −1=18,∴sinA =sin(B +C)=sinBcosC +cosBsinC =√74×18+34×3√78=5√716, ∴S =12bcsinA =12×2×3×5√716=15√716.故答案为:15√716. 由已知利用正弦定理,二倍角的正弦函数公式可求cosB 的值,根据同角三角函数基本关系式可求sinB 的值,利用二倍角公式可求sinC ,cosC 的值,根据两角和的正弦函数公式可求sinA 的值,即可利用三角形的面积公式计算得解.本题主要考查了正弦定理,同角三角函数基本关系式,二倍角公式,两角和的正弦函数公式,三角形的面积公式在解三角形中的综合应用,考查了计算能力和转化思想,属于基础题.三、解答题(本大题共7小题,共82.0分)17. 已知{a n }是等差数列,且lga 1=0,lga 4=1.(1)求数列{a n }的通项公式(2)若a 1,a k ,a 6是等比数列{b n }的前3项,求k 的值及数列{a n +b n }的前n 项和. 【答案】解:(1)数列{a n }是等差数列,设公差为d ,且lga 1=0,lga 4=1. 则:{a 1=1a 1+3d =10,解得:d =3所以:a n =1+3(n −1)=3n −2.(2)若a 1,a k ,a 6是等比数列{b n }的前3项,则:a k 2=a 1⋅a 6,整理得:a k =3k −2, 解得:k =2;所以:等比数列{b n }的公比为q =4. 所以:b n =4n−1.则a n +b n =3n −2+4n−1,故:S n =(1+1)+(4+41)+⋯+(3n −2+4n−1), =n(3n−1)2+4n −14−1,=32n 2−12n +13(4n −1).【解析】(1)直接利用已知条件求出数列的通项公式.(2)利用等比数列求出数列的通项公式,进一步利用分组法求出数列的和.本题考查的知识要点:数列的通项公式的求法及应用,分组求和的应用,主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力,属于基础题型.18. 如图,在三棱锥A −BCD 中,△ABC 是等边三角形,∠BAD =∠BCD =90∘,点P 是 AC 的中点,连接BP ,DP(1)证明:平面ACD ⊥平面BDP ;(2)若BD =√6,cos∠BPD =−√33,求三棱锥A −BCD 的体积.【答案】解:(1)证明:如图所示,因为△ABC 是等边三角形,∠BAD =∠BCD =90∘, 所以Rt △ABD≌Rt △BCD ,可得AD =CD ,又因为点P 是AC 的中点,则PD ⊥AC ,PB ⊥AC , 又PD ∩PB =P ,PD ⊂平面PBD ,PB ⊂平面PBD , 所以平面ACD ⊥平面BDP ;(2)设AB =a ,在Rt △ABD 中,BD =√6,则AD =√BD 2−AB 2=√6−a 2; 在等边△ABC 中,BP =√32AB =√32a ,在等腰△ACD 中,DP =√AD 2−AP 2=√6−a 2−(12a)2=√6−54a 2;在△BPD 中,由cos∠BPD =−√33,得sin∠BPD =√63;由余弦定理得BD 2=BP 2+DP 2−2⋅BP ⋅cos∠BPD ,即6=34a 2+6−54a 2−2×√32a ×√6−54a 2×(−√33),解得a =2;所以△BPD 的面积为S =12⋅BP ⋅DP ⋅sin∠BPD =√22,所以三棱锥A −BCD 的体积为V =13⋅AC ⋅S △BPD =13×2×√22=√23.【解析】(1)证明PD⊥AC,PB⊥AC,得出AC⊥平面PBD,从而证明平面ACD⊥平面BDP;(2)利用直角三角形以及余弦定理求出AB的值,计算△BPD的面积和AC的值,即可求得三棱锥A−BCD的体积.本题考查了平面与平面垂直的判定问题,也考查了空间想象能力和逻辑思维能力,以及三棱锥体积的计算问题,是中档题.19.某网络平台从购买该平台某课程的客户中,随机抽取了100位客户的数据,并将这间的中点值作代表,结果保留小数点后两位);(2)从这100位客户中,对购买该课程学时数在20以下的女性客户按照分层抽样的方式随机抽取7人,再从这7人中随机抽取2人,求这2人购买的学时数都不低于15的概率.(3)将购买该课程达到25学时及以上者视为“十分爱好该课程者”,25学时以下者视,为“非十分爱好该课程者”.请根据已知条件完成以下2×2列联表,并判断是附:K2=n(ad−bc)2(a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d),n=a+b+c+d数的平均值为x−=160(7.5×18+12.5×12+17.5×9+22.5×9+27.5×6+32.5×4+37.5×2)≈16.92;所以估计男性客户购买该课程学时数的平均值为16.92.(2)设“所抽取的2人购买的学时数都不低于15为事件A,依题意按照分层抽样的方式分別在学时数为[5,10),[l0,15),[15,20)的女性客户中抽取1人(设为a),2人(设为A,B)4人,(设为c1,c2,c3,c4),从7人中随机抽取2人所包含的基木事件为:aA,aB,ac1,ac2,ac3,ac4,AB,Ac1,Ac2,Ac3,Ac4,Bc1,Bc2,Bc3,Bc4,c1c2,c1c3,c1c4,c2c3,c2c4,c3c4,共21种,其中事件A所包含的基本事件为:c1c2,c1c3,c1c4,c2c3,c2c4,c3c4,共6个,则事件A发生的概率P=621=27.则K 2=n(ad−bc)2(a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d)=100(48×24−16×12)264×36×60×40≈16.667>10.828.故有99.9%6的把握认为“十分爱好该课程者”与性別有关. 【解析】(1)根据平均数的公式进行计算即可.(2)利用分层抽样的方法,利用列举法结合古典概型的概率公式进行计算即可. (3)完成2×2列联表,计算K 2的值,利用独立性检验的性质进行判断即可.本题主要考查古典概型的概率计算,以及独立性检验的应用,利用列举法是解决本题的关键.考查学生的计算能力.20. 已知椭圆C :x 2a2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的一个焦点为F(1,0),点P(23,2√63)在C 上.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)若直线l :y =x +m 与椭圆C 相交于A ,B 两点,问y 轴上是否存在点M ,使得△ABM 是以M 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形?若在在,求点M 的坐标:若不存在,说明理由.【答案】解:(1)由题意可得c =1,点P(23,2√63)在C 上,∴49a 2+83b 2=1,又a 2=b 2+c 2=b 2+1, 解得a 2=4,b 2=3, ∴椭圆C 的方程为x 24+y 23=1,(2)假设y 轴上存在点M(0,t),△ABM 是以M 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形, 设A(x 1,y 1),B(x 2,y 2),线段AB 的中点为N(x 0,y 0), 由{x 24+y 23=1y =x +m ,消去y 可得7x 2+8mx +4m 2−12=0, △=64m 2−28(4m 2−12)=16(21−3m 2)>0,解得m 2<7, ∴x 1+x 2=−8m 7,x 1x 2=4m 2−127,∴x 0=−x 1+x 22=−4m 7,y 0=x 0+m =3m 7,∴N(−4m 7,3m7),依题意有AM ⊥BM ,MN ⊥l , 由MN ⊥l ,可得t−3m 70−(−4m7)×1=−1,可得t =−m7, 由AM ⊥BM 可得y 1−t x 1⋅y 2−t x 2=−1,∵y 1=x 1+m ,y 2=x 2+m ,代入上式化简可得2x 1x 2+2(m −t)(x 1+x 2)+(m −t)2=0, 则2(4m 2−12)7−(8m 7)2+(8m 7)2=0,解得m =±√3,当m =√3时,点M(0,−√37)满足题意,当m =−√3时,点M(0,√37)满足题意 【解析】(1)先求出c 的值,再根据49a 2+83b 2=1,又a 2=b 2+c 2=b 2+1,即可得到椭圆的方程,(2)假设y 轴上存在点M(0,t),△ABM 是以M 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形,设A(x 1,y 1),B(x 2,y 2),线段AB 的中点为N(x 0,y 0),根据韦达定理求出点N 的坐标,再根据AM ⊥BM ,MN ⊥l ,即可求出m 的值,可得点M 的坐标本题考查了椭圆的方程,直线和椭圆的位置关系,斜率公式,考查了运算能力和转化能力,属于中档题21. 已知函数f(x)=e x−1+a ,g(x)=lnx ,其中a >−2.(1)讨论函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象的交点个数;(2)若函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象无交点,设直线y =t 与的数y =f(x)和y =g(x)的图象分别交于点P ,Q.证明:|PQ|>a +1.【答案】解:(1)函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象交点个数即方程e x−1+a =lnx 根的个数,设F(x)=e x−1+a −lnx ,x >0.则F ′(x)=e x−1−1x 在(0,+∞)上单调递增,且F’(1)=0.当x ∈(0,1)时,F’(x)<F’(1)=0,则F(x)在(0,1)上单调递减;当x ∈(1,+∞)时,,则F(x)在(1,+∞)上单调递增.所以,当x =1时,F(x)min =F(1)=l +a .当a +1>0,即a >−1时,函数F(x)无零点,即函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象无交点; 当a =−1时,函数F(x)有一个零点,即函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象有一个交点;当−2<a <−1时,F(e a )=e e a −1>0.又F(1)=1+a <0.F(3)=e 2+a −ln3>e 2−2−ln3>e 2−4>0,所以F(x)=e x−1+a −lnx 在(e a ,1)和(1,3)上分别有一个零点.所以,当−2<a <−1时,F(x)有两个零点,即函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象有两个交点.综上所述:当a >−1时,函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象的交点个数为0;当a =−1时,函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象的交点个数为1;当−2<a <−1时,函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象的交点个数为2.(2)由(1)可知,当函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象无交点时,a >−1.设P(m,t),Q(n,t),由得m =1+In(t −a),由ln =t 得n =e t ,|PQ|=|n −m|=|e t −ln(t −a)−1|.设ℎ(t)=e t −ln(t −a)−1,先证明不等式e t ≥1+t ,再证明t −In(t −a)≥a +1,t ∈(a,+∞).设p(t)=e t −1−t.则p’(t)=e t −1.当t ∈(0,+∞)时,p’(t)=e t −1>0,p(t)=e t −1−t 在(0,+∞)上单调递增, 当t ∈(−∞,0)时,p’(t)=e t −1<0,p(t)=e t −1−t 在(−∞,0)上单调递减, 所以p(t)≥p(0)=0,即e ≥1+t .设q(t)=t −ln(t −a)−a −1.则q ′(t)=1−1t−a =t−a−1t−a .当t ∈(a,a +1)时,q’(t)<0,q(t)单调递减:当t ∈(a +1,+∞)时,q’(t)>0,q(t)单调递增.所以q(t)≥q(a +1)=0,即t −1n(t −a)≥a +1.所以ℎ(t)=e t −ln(t −a)−1≥1+t −ln(t −a)−1=t −ln(t −a)≥a +1. 因为t =a +1时,t −ln(t −a)≥a +1中等号成立,t =0时,e t ≥l +t 中等号成立, 而t =a +1>0,所以等号不能同时成立.所以ℎ(t)=e t −ln(t −a)−1>a +1.所以IPQl >a +1.【解析】(1)原问题等价于求解方程e x−1+a =lnx 根的个数,据此构造函数,分类讨论即可确定交点的个数;(2)由(1)可知,当函数y =f(x)与y =g(x)的图象无交点时,a >−1,据此构造函数证明题中的不等式即可.本题主要考查导数研究函数零点的个数,导数证明不等式的方法,分类讨论的数学思想等知识,属于中等题.22. 在直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线C 1的参数方程为{y =sin 2t x=cost (t 为参数).以坐标原点为极点,x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,直线C 2的极坐标方程为ρ(sinθ−acosθ)=12(a ∈R).(1)写出曲线C 1的普通方程和直线C 2的直角坐标方程;(2)若直线C 2与曲线C 1有两个不同交点,求a 的取值范围.【答案】解:(1)曲线C 1的普通方程为y =1−x 2(−1≤x ≤1),把x =ρcosθ,y =ρsinθ代入ρ(cosθ−asinθ)=12,得直线C 2的直角坐标方程为y −ax =12,即ax −y +12=0,(2)由直线C 2:ax −y +12=0,知C 2恒过点M(0,12),由y =1−x 2(−1≤x ≤1),当时,得x =±1,所以曲线C 1过点P(−1,0),Q(1,0),则直线MP 的斜率为k 1=0−12−1−0=12, 直线MQ 的斜率k 2=0−121−0=−12, 因为直线C 2的斜率为a ,且直线C 2与曲线C 1有两个不同的交点,所以k 2≤a ≤k 1,即−12≤a ≤12,所以a 的取值范围为[−12,12].【解析】(1)利用平方关系消去参数t 可得C 1的普通方程,利用x =ρcosθ,y =ρsinθ可得C 2的直角坐标方程;(2)根据直线的斜率可得.本题考查了简单曲线的极坐标方程,属中档题.23. 已知函数f(x)=|x +a|−|2x −1|.(1)当a =1时,求不等式f(x)>0的解集;(2)若a >0,不等式f(x)<1对x ∈R 都成立,求a 的取值范围.【答案】解:(1)函数f(x)=|x +1|−|2x −1|,f(x)>0即为|x +1|>|2x −1|,可得(x +1+2x −1)(x +1−2x +1)>0,即3x(x−2)<0,解得0<x<2,则原不等式的解集为(0,2);(2)若a>0,不等式f(x)<1对x∈R都成立,即有1>f(x)max,由f(x)=|x+a|−|2x−1|=|x+a|−|x−12|−|x−12|≤|x+a−x+12|−0=|a+12|,可得f(x)的最大值为|a+12|=a+12,(a>0),则a+12<1,解得0<a<12.【解析】(1)运用两边平方和平方差公式,可得不等式的解集;(2)由题意可得1>f(x)max,由绝对值不等式的性质可得f(x)的最大值,解不等式可得所求范围.本题考查绝对值不等式的解法和不等式恒成立问题的运用,考查运算能力,属于基础题.。

2019届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)(理综试题)及答案

2019届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)(理综试题)及答案

2019届广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)理科综合26.(14分)(1)+4 (1分)(2)2V 2O 5+N 2H 4·2HCl+6HCl =4VOCl 2+N 2↑+6H 2O (2分)有氯气生成,污染空气。

(2分)(3)①排除装置中的空气,避免产物被氧化 (1分)②饱和NaHCO 3溶液 (2分)(4)①将+4的钒化合物氧化为VO 2+ (2分)除去过量的KMnO 4 (2分)②%100100051⨯a bc(2分)27.(14分)(1)2LiCoO 2+5H 2C 2O 4 = 2LiHC 2O 4+2CoC 2O 4+4H 2O+2CO 2↑ (3分)CoC 2O 4与过量的H 2C 2O 4反应转化成Co(HC 2O 4)2而溶解 (2分)(2)CoC 2O 4+CO 32-CoCO 3+C 2O 42- (2分)该反应的平衡常数K =1.67×104,反应正向进行的趋势很大 (2分)(3)2H 2O -4e -= O 2↑+4H + (2分)酸溶 (1分)(4)%1005998⨯mw n(2分)28.(15分)(1)-209.9 (1分)(2)①AD (2分)②25 (2分); 960 (2分)(3)①降低环戊二烯浓度,减小二聚速率;稀释有利于平衡向解聚方向移动(2分)②4 (2分); 副反应 (2分)(4)先变小后变大(最后不变) (2分)35.(15分)(1)1s 22s 22p 63s 13p 33d 1(2分)(2)①sp 3 (1分); 2(1分)②F>O>N>C (1分); 17N A (2分); 正四面体(2分) (3)YPO 4 (2分);SO 42- , ClO 4- ,BrO 4-,IO 4-,SiO 44-(2分);4×(89:31:16×4)0.69×0.69×0.60×10−21N A(2分)36(15分)(1)丙烯醛(2分)(2)加成反应(2分)(3)(2分)(4)CH2=CH2 (2分)(5)羧基,碳碳双键(2分)(6)、(2分)(7)(3分)。

广东省2019届广州市高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学试题(解析版)

广东省2019届广州市高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学试题(解析版)


故选: A. 由题意将原问题转化为函数单调性的问题, 值范围即可. 本题主要考查导函数研究函数的单调性, 法等知识,属于中等题.
故选: D.
利用二倍角公式,结合不等式的性质进行判断即可.
本题主要考查不等式大小的半径,结合二倍角公式进行化简是解决本题的关键.
6. 刘徽是我因魏晋时期的数学家,在其撰写的 《 九章算术注 》 中首创 “割圆术 ”,所谓 “割圆术 ”,是用圆内接正多边形的面积 去无限逼近圆面积并以此求取圆周率的方法,如图所示,圆 内接正十二边形的中心为圆心 O,圆 O 的半径为 2,现随机 向圆 O 内段放 a 粒豆子,其中有 b 粒豆子落在正十二边形内 ,则圆固率的近似值为
12. 已知函数
,对任意
,则实数 a 的取值范围是
A.
B.
【答案】 A
【解析】 解:由题意可知函数

且当
时,

,都有
C.
D.
上的单调递减函数, ,
据此可得: 令 减,在区间
,即 ,则 上单调递增,函数
恒成立, ,据此可得函数 的最小值为
在区间 ,则
上单调递 ,
第 5 页,共 13 页
据此可得:实数 a 的取值范围是
则双曲线的离心率为

故选: C.
求得双曲线的渐近线方程,由题意可得
,再由离心率公式,计算可得所求值.
本题考查双曲线的方程和性质, 主要是渐近线方程和离心率的求法, 考查方程思想和运
算能力,属于基础题.
4. , 为平面向量,己知

,则 , 夹角的余弦值等于
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 B
【解析】 解:己知

2019年广州市综合测试(一)数学(文科)试题及参考答案

2019年广州市综合测试(一)数学(文科)试题及参考答案

2019年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学2019年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科数学试题参考答案及评分标准评分说明:1.本解答给出了一种或几种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与本解答不同,可根据试题的主要考查内容比照评分参考制订相应的评分细则.2.对计算题,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误时,如果后继部分的解答未改变该题的内容和难度,可视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但不得超过该部分正确解答应得分数的一半;如果后继部分的解答有较严重的错误,就不再给分.3.解答右端所注分数,表示考生正确做到这一步应得的累加分数. 4.只给整数分数.选择题不给中间分.一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分. 13.178 14. ()()22125x y -+-= 15.4,3⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦16. 16 三、解答题:共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. 17.(12分)(1) 解:因为 1lg 0a =,4lg 1a =,所以11a =, 410a =. …………………………………………2分设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,则41341a a d -==-. …………………………………………3分 所以()13132n a a n n =+-=-. …………………………………………4分 (2) 解:由(1)知11a =, 616a =,因为1a ,k a ,6a 是等比数列{}n b 的前3项,则21616k a a a ==. …………………………………………5分PDCB A又320n a n =->,所以4k a =. …………………………………………6分 因为32k a k =-,所以324k -=, 得2k =. …………………………………………7分 所以等比数列{}n b 的公比22114b a q b a ===.…………………………………………8分 所以14n n b -=. …………………………………………9分 所以1324n n n a b n -+=-+. …………………………………………10分所以数列{}n n a b +的前n 项和为()()2311431141214223n n n n n S n n --=+=-+--. ………………………………12分18.(12分)(1)证明: 因为ABC ∆是等边三角形,90BAD BCD ∠=∠=,所以Rt ABD ∆≅Rt BCD ∆,可得AD CD =. …………………………………1分 因为点P 是AC 的中点,则PD AC ⊥,PB AC ⊥. ………………………2分 因为PD PB P =,PD ⊂平面PBD ,PB ⊂平面PBD , 所以AC ⊥平面PBD . …………………………………3分 因为AC ⊂平面ACD ,所以平面ACD ⊥平面BDP . ………………………………4分(2)解:设AB a =,在Rt ABD ∆中,BD =AD =……5分在等边三角形ABC 中, BP AB ==, ………………………………6分 在等腰三角形ACD 中, DP ===………7分在BPD ∆中,由cos 3BPD ∠=-,得sin 3BPD ∠=, ………………………………8分 由余弦定理得2222cos BD BP DP BP DP BPD =+-⋅⋅⋅∠,即223566244a a ⎛=+-- ⎝⎭, ………………………………9分 解得2a =. ………………………………10分所以BPD ∆的面积1sin 2S BP DP BPD =⋅⋅⋅∠=2. ………………………………11分 所以三棱锥A BCD -的体积1123323BPD V AC S ∆=⋅⋅=⨯⨯=.……………………12分 19.(12分)(1) 解:依题意,在100位购买该课程的客户中,男性客户购买该课程学时数的平均值为7.51812.51217.5922.5927.5632.5437.5260x ⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯= …………1分16.92.≈………………………………2分所以估计男性客户购买该课程学时数的平均值为16.92. ……………………………3分(2) 解:设“所抽取的2人购买的学时数都不低于15”为事件A .依题意按照分层抽样的方式分别在学时数为[5,10),[10,15),[15,20)的女性客户中抽取1人(设为a ),2人(设为21,b b ),4人(设为1234,,,c c c c ). ………………………………4分 则从7人中随机抽取2人所包含的基本事件为:12123412111213142122232412131423,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ab ab ac ac ac ac bb b c b c b c b c b c b c b c b c c c c c c c c c2434,c c c c ,共21个, ………………………………5分其中事件A 所包含的基本事件为:,,,,,,434232413121c c c c c c c c c c c c 共6个. ……………6分 所以事件A 发生的概率72216)(==A P . ………………………………7分 (3)解:依题意得22⨯列联表如下:………………………………9分221004824161216.66710.82864366040K ⨯-⨯=≈>⨯⨯⨯(). ………………………………11分故有99.9%的把握认为“十分爱好该课程者”与性别有关. …………………………12分 20.(12分)(1)解法1: 由题意知1c =,椭圆C 的另一个焦点为()1,0F '-, ……………………1分因为点P 23⎛⎝⎭在C 上, 所以2a PF PF '=+= 4=. ………………………………2分所以2a =,2223b a c =-=. ………………………………3分所以椭圆C 的方程为22143x y +=. ………………………………4分 解法2: 由题意知1c =,因为点P 2,33⎛ ⎝⎭在C 上, 所以2248193a b +=. ………………………………1分 又22221a b c b =+=+,解得24a =,23b =. ………………………………3分所以椭圆C 的方程为22143x y +=.………………………………4分 (2)解法1:假设y 轴上存在点M()0,t ,使ABM ∆是以M 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形.设11(,)A x y ,22(,)B x y ,线段AB 的中点为()00,N x y ,由221,43,x y y x m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩消去y 得22784120x mx m ++-=, (*) 则 1287m x x -+=,2124127m x x -=. ………………………………5分所以120427x x m x +==-, 0037m y x m =+=. 所以点43(,)77m mN -. ………………………………6分 依题意,有AM BM ⊥,MN l ⊥.由MN l ⊥, 得3711407mt m -⨯=-⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭, 得7m t =-. ………………………………7分 由AM BM ⊥, 得12121y t y tx x --⋅=-. ………………………………8分 又11y x m =+, 22y x m =+,代入上式, 化简得()()()2121220x x m t x x m t +-++-=.……………………………9分则()2222412880777m m m -⎛⎫⎛⎫-+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. ………………………………10分解得m = ………………………………11分当m =, (*)式的判别式()()228474121920m m ∆=-⨯-=>.所以当m =时,点0,M ⎛ ⎝⎭满足题意;当m =,点M ⎛⎝⎭满足题意. ………………………………12分解法2:假设y 轴上存在点M ,使得ABM ∆是以M 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形.设11(,)A x y ,22(,)B x y ,线段AB 的中点为()00,N x y ,由221,43,x y y x m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩消去y 得22784120x mx m ++-=, (*) 则 1287m x x -+=,2124127m x x -=. ………………………………5分所以120427x x m x +==-, 0037m y x m =+=. 所以点43(,)77m mN -. ………………………………6分 则线段AB 的中垂线方程为34()77m my x -=-+. 令0x =,得7m y =-,即(0,)7mM -. ………………………………7分所以MN ==. ………………………………8分AB ===. ………………………………………………9分由1||||2MN AB =, 得||7m = ……………………………10分解得m = ………………………………11分当m =, (*)式的判别式()()228474121920m m ∆=-⨯-=>.所以当m =时, 点0,M ⎛ ⎝⎭满足题意; 当m =,点M ⎛⎝⎭满足题意. ………………………………12分21.(12分)(1)解法1:函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象交点个数即方程1ln x e a x -+=根的个数,设1()ln x F x ea x -=+-, 0x >.则11()x F x ex-'=-在(0,)+∞上单调递增,且()10F '=, ………………………… 1分 当(0,1)x ∈时,()()10F x F ''<=,则()F x 在()0,1上单调递减; 当(1,)x ∈+∞时,()()10F x F ''>=,则()F x 在()1,+∞上单调递增.所以,当1x =时,min ()(1)1F x F a ==+. …………………………………2分 当10a +>,即1a >-时,函数()F x 无零点,即函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象无交点;…………………………………3分当1a =-时,函数()F x 有一个零点,即函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象有一个交点;…………………………………4分当21a -<<-时,1()0aa eF e e -=>,又(1)10F a =+<,222(3)ln32ln340F e a e e =+->-->->,所以1()ln x F x e a x -=+-在(,1)a e 和(1,3)上分别有一个零点. 所以,当21a -<<-时,()F x 有两个零点,即函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象有两个交点. …………………………………5分 综上所述:当1a >-时,函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象的交点个数为0; 当1a =-时,函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象的交点个数为1;当21a -<<-时,函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象的交点个数为2. ………………6分 解法2:函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象交点个数即方程1ln x e a x -+=的根的个数,即1ln x a x e-=-, 0x >. …………………………………1分设1()ln x F x x e -=-, 则11()x F x e x-'=-在(0,)+∞上单调递减,且(1)0F '=. 当(0,1)x ∈时,()()10F x F ''>=,则()F x 在()0,1上单调递增; 当(1,)x ∈+∞时,()()10F x F ''<=,则()F x 在()1,+∞上单调递减;所以,当1x =时,max ()(1)1F x F ==-. …………………………………2分 当1->a 时,方程1ln x a x e-=-无实根,即函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象无交点;…………………………………………3分当1-=a 时,方程1ln x a x e-=-有一个实根,即函数()y f x =与()y g x =图象有一个交点; …………………………………………4分 当21a -<<-时,由于221()22e F e e ---=--<-,22(3)ln322F e e =-<-<-,所以方程1ln x a x e-=-有两个实根,即函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象有两个交点.…………………………………………………………………5分综上所述:当1->a 时,函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象的交点个数为0; 当1-=a 时,函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象交点个数为1;当21a -<<-时,函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象交点个数为2. ……………………6分(2)证法1:由(1)可知,当函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象无交点时,得1a >-. 设(,),(,)P m t Q n t ,由1m ea t -+=得1ln()m t a =+-,由ln n t =得t n e =,|||||ln()1|().t PQ n m e t a t a =-=---> …………………………………7分设()ln()1t h t e t a =---, 则1()th t e t a'=--在(,)a +∞上单调递增. 因为1a >-,所以10a +>,11,10,1a a a e ---<--<<. 所以1(1)10a h a e +'+=->, 111()0a a a e a h a e e e ----++'+=-<.所以10(,1)a t a e a --∃∈++,使0001()0t h t et a'=-=-,…………………………………8分 即001te t a=-,可得00ln()t t a =--. 当0(,)t a t ∈时,1()0th t e t a '=-<-,()h t 单调递减; 当0(,)t t ∈+∞时,1()0th t e t a'=->-,()h t 单调递增. 所以0min 00()()ln()1th t h t e t a ==---0011t t a=+-- …………………………………9分 0011t a a t a=+-+--1a ≥- 1a =+. …………………………………10分当且仅当001t a t a=--,即01t a =+时,等号成立, 因为10(,1)a t a ea --∈++,所以上式中等号不成立.所以min ()1h t a >+. …………………………………11分 所以1PQ a >+. …………………………………12分证法2:由(1)可知,当函数()y f x =与()y g x =的图象无交点时,1a >- 设(,),(,)P m t Q n t ,由1m ea t -+=得1ln()m t a =+-,由ln n t =得t n e =|||||ln()1|t PQ n m e t a =-=---. …………………………………7分设()ln()1t h t e t a =---,先证明不等式1te t ≥+,再证明ln()1t t a a --≥+,(,)t a ∈+∞. 设()1t p t e t =--, 则()1t p t e '=-.当(0,)t ∈+∞时,()10t p t e '=->,()1t p t e t =--在(0,)+∞上单调递增, 当(,0)t ∈-∞时,()10t p t e '=-<,()1t p t e t =--在(,0)-∞上单调递减.所以()(0)0p t p ≥=,即1te t ≥+. …………………………………8分 设()ln()1q t t t a a =----,则11()1t a q t t a t a--'=-=--. 当(,1)t a a ∈+时, ()0q t '<,()q t 单调递减; 当(1,)t a ∈++∞时,()0q t '>,()q t 单调递增.所以()(1)0q t q a ≥+=,即ln()1t t a a --≥+. …………………………………9分 所以()ln()11ln()1ln()1th t e t a t t a t t a a =---≥+---=--≥+. ………………10分因为1t a =+时, ln()1t t a a --≥+中等号成立,0t =时,1te t ≥+中等号成立,而10t a =+>,所以等号不能同时成立.所以()ln()11th t e t a a =--->+. …………………………………11分 所以1PQ a >+. …………………………………12分 22. (10分)(1)解:曲线1C 的普通方程为()2111y xx =--≤≤, …………………………………3分把cos ,sin x y ρθρθ==代入()1sin cos 2a ρθθ-=, 得 直线2C 的直角坐标方程为12y ax -=, 即102ax y -+=. ……………………5分 (2)解法1: 由直线2C :102ax y -+=, 知直线2C 恒过点10,2M ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭.…………………6分由()2111y x x =--≤≤, 当0y =时, 得1x =±,所以曲线1C 过点()1,0P -, ()1,0Q . …………………………………7分则直线MP 的斜率为11012102k -==--, …………………………………8分 直线MQ 的斜率为21012102k -==--. …………………………………9分 因为直线2C 的斜率为a , 且直线2C 与曲线1C 有两个不同交点, 所以21k a k ≤≤, 即1122a -≤≤. 所以a 的取值范围为11,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦. …………………………………10分 解法2: 由()2111,10,2y x x ax y ⎧=--≤≤⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩消去y 得2102x ax +-=, 依题意, 得2102x ax +-=在[]1,1-上有两个不相等实根. ……………………6分 设()212f x x ax =+-,则()()220,11,2110,2110,2a a f a f a ∆⎧=+>⎪⎪-<-<⎪⎪⎨-=-≥⎪⎪⎪=+≥⎪⎩ …………………………………9分 解得1122a -≤≤. 所以a 的取值范围为11,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦. …………………………………10分 23. (10分)(1)解法1:当1a =时,()0f x >,即1210x x +-->, ………………………1分 得121x x +>-, …………………………………2分 两边平方得()()22121x x +>-, …………………………………3分得()320x x -<,解得02x <<. …………………………………4分 所以不等式()0f x >的解集为}{02x x <<. …………………………………5分 解法2:当1a =时,()0f x >,即1210x x +-->, ……………………………1分 ① 当1x ≤-时, 得()()1120x x -+-->, 解得2x >, 故x 无解; ……………2分 ② 当112x -<<时, 得()()1120x x +-->,解得0x >, 故102x <<; ………………………………………3分 ③ 当12x ≥时, 得()()1210x x +-->,解得2x <, 故122x ≤<; ………………………………………4分 综上所述, 不等式()0f x >的解集为}{02x x <<. ………………………5分(2)解:由于0a >,则()1,,1,31,21.1,2x a x a a x f x x a x x a --<-⎧⎪⎪-≤≤=+-⎨⎪>⎪-++⎩ …………………………7分由于函数()f x 在1,2⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦上单调递增,在1,2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭上单调递减,所以,当12x =时,()f x 取得最大值,其值为1122f a ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭.…………………8分若()1f x <对x ∈R 都成立,则112a +<,即12a <. …………………………9分 所以a 的取值范围为10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭. …………………………………10分 解法2:()21f x x a x =+-- 1122x a x x =+---- …………………………………6分 1122x a x x ≤+-+-- …………………………………7分1122a x =+-- 12a ≤+. …………………………………8分 若()1f x <对x ∈R 都成立,则112a +<. ………………………………9分 由于0a >, 上面不等式解得102a <<. 所以a 的取值范围为10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭. ………………………………10分。

2019届广州市普通高宗毕业班综合测试(一)试题及参考答案

2019届广州市普通高宗毕业班综合测试(一)试题及参考答案

2019届广州市高普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语2019.03本试卷共10页,满分120 分。

考试用时120 分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上,并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。

因听力另考,试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始,试题序号从“21”开始。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。

如需改动。

用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答非选择题时,必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上:如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第2部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A. B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

AAdult Education CoursesComputer Studies Technology is advancing at a rapid pace, and we rely more and more on computers for everything from cooking to organising our taxes. This six-week course will give you an understanding of computer fundamentals, including the use of software packages (Word, Excel and Powerpoint) and how to use the Internet.Start: May 2,2019Time: Wed 7 pm-9pmCost:$300Length:6 weeksPlace: Sydney CollegeWoodworkLearn the basics of woodworking with simple hands-on projects to build your confidence and skills. Each lesson explores a different area of woodworking that will provide you with the skills needed for any woodworking project. Flexible learning allows you to choose only the lessons that interest you.Start: April 15,2019Time: Mon 5 pm-7pmCost:$30 per lessonLength:12 weeksPlace: Adult Learning CentreWeb DesignProvides advanced training in software, design,ArtThis practical course is intended to helpand coding for the web. Students must have already completed a recognised basic web design course or have at least 2 years' relevant work experience. Students completing the course will receive the Diploma in Advanced Web Design.Start: June 1,2019Time: Weekdays 9 am-4pmCost:$4,990Length:40 weeksPlace: University of Technology established artists take their creativity further. From sketching and colour, to composition, painting and experimenting with style, you will study and explore an engaging variety of creative media and subject matter.Start: April 21,2019Time: Thur 3 pm-6pmCost:$750Length:15 weeksPlace: City Art21.Which courses are suitable for beginners?A. Web Design and Art.B. Computer Studies and Art.C. Woodwork and Web Design.D. Computer Studies and Woodwork.22.Which course awards students an official certificate?A. Art.B. Woodwork.C. Web Design.D. Computer Studies.23.How much will a student who attends only half of all the Woodwork lessons pay in total?A. $30.B. $180.C. $250.D. $360.BWhen Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadn't yet appeared. Lina rubbed her eyes and looked around."Hello?" she called."Celia? Marie?"There was no response.The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it "Forgotten Island" because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn't on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn't know about it. Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends -her, Celia, and Marie.But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it was her own fault."Come on, Lina, let Marie row the boat." Celia had said. Marie was two years older than Lina, but she was a hopeless rower. That's why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island.The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form.Celia took Marie's side, as she always did. Lina hadexploded and yelled at them to just leave.So they got back in the boat and left.A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap.The storm was here.As the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, Lina's mind returned to her current problem.She was stuck here by herself.She just hoped she didn't become as forgotten as the island.The thought of it sent a chill(寒意)down her back.Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water.It was a boat, and inside it were Marie, Celia, and Marie's dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters.As the boat approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.In her excitement Lina jumped into the river.Only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the water was moving.Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out.She smiled weakly at Marie's dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie.They didn't seem to mind becoming wet.24.What can be inferred about the island?A. It is very near the ocean.B. It is a popular place for boating.C. It is surrounded by thick forest.D. It has never been reached by others.25.Why did Lina get angry?A. Marie would not help row the boat.B. Lina was left alone on the island.C. Marie didn't know how to row the boat.D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.26.What caused Lina to feel a chill?A. Her shame about the unnecessary argument.B. The first raindrops of the approaching storm.C. The idea that no one would come to save her.D. The drop in temperature as the sun went down.27.Who pulled Lina out of the water?A. Marie's father.B. Lina herself.C. Marie.D. Celia.CTourism is often about seeking deeper emotional and personal connections with the world around us. Not all travel experiences, however, need to take place in the real world. With the evolution of virtual reality(VR) technology, tourism will increasingly become a combination of physical and virtual worlds. VR may even remove the need to travel entirely.But can a VR experience really equal a real world one? Many experts believe it can. Studieshave shown that our brains have an inbuilt VR-like mechanism that enables us to live imagined experiences. Much of our waking life is spent thinking about either the past or the future. This is known as" mind wandering". During these events we' re not paying attention to the current world around us. Instead, we' re recalling memories, or creating and processing imagined futures.When engaged in mind wandering, our brains process these mental images using the same pathways used to receive inputs from the real world. So, the imagined past or future can create emotions and feelings similar to how we react to everyday life. VR can create these same feelings.While critics might argue that a virtual experience will never match reality, there are several ways VR tourism could make a positive contribution. Firstly it could help protect sensitive locations from over-tourism. In recent years famous sites such as Maya Bay in Thailand, and Cambodia's Angkor Wat Temples have had to limit the number of visitors because of their negative impact. These places are now producing their own VR experiences that will allow tourists to pass through virtual models of the sites.Virtual reality may also allow people back in time, to experience historical events, visit ancient cities, and even to walk among dinosaurs.Finally, in a world where many people suffer from stress and depression due to overwork, virtual tourism may provide a cheap and convenient way for people to take brief holidays to otherwise unreachable destinations and recharge their batteries, without ever leaving their homes.It sounds like science fiction but it's already happening. As virtual technology improves and as people continue to demand new and interesting experiences, expect more virtual tourism, both in combination with the real world and instead of it.28.What is driving the development of virtual tourism?A. Companies seeking to make more money.B. Improvements in virtual reality technology.C. People's demand for more shared experiences.D. People's deeper understanding of the physical world.29.Which of the following best describes "mind wandering"?A. The brain processes which help people think VR is real.B. The way the brain processes inputs from the real world.C. Brain activities focusing on past or future events.D. Experiences coming from a person's imagination.30.What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?A. Science fiction.B. Virtual technology.C. Virtual tourism.D. The real world.31.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To describe the advantages of VR tourism.B. To give suggestions for reducing over-tourism.C. To encourage people to develop VR technology.D. To argue VR tourism will replace the real world travel.DBoth honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies. They survive by means of their collective intelligence. Their decision-making power is distributed throughout the group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group. Instead, they work together. As Deborah M. Gordon,a biologist at Stanford University, says," Ants aren't smart. Ant colonies are."The same is true for bee colonies. Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their social behavior. Specifically, honeybees and ants have similar roles within the colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity for learning.Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to danger or to a food source. For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of the colony know how to find it by leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony. The other ants pick up the message using their sense of smell. Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other. Worker bees send messages to each other by means of a "dance". Different speeds and movements send different messages. For example, when worker bees called scouts go out to find a new home for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is. The faster the scouts dance, the better the new location is.Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning. One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source. The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of "sameness" and" difference"to accomplish certain tasks. Ants take this one step further. Recent American research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants.They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obstacles.As we can see, the social behavior of honeybees and ants is quite similar. Both coordinate complex actions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals. Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as they go about their everyday activities.32.What do ants and bees have in common?A. They live in similar-sized colonies.B. They make use of collective intelligence.C. They have small leadership groups that make all decisions.D. They use the same methods to communicate with each other.33.What does the speed of a bee's dance indicate?A. The quality of a new colony location.B. The distance to a neighboring colony.C. The discovery of a new food source.D. The direction to a potential food source.34.In paragraph 3.how does the author demonstrate the idea that Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning ?A. By using statistics.B. By explaining reasons.C. By referencing opinions.D. By presenting study findings.35.What is the benefit of collective intelligence?A. It allows the colony to reproduce more rapidly.B. It improves work cooperation within the colony.C. It reduces the division of labour among members.D. It enables individuals to teach each other new skills.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

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2019届广州市高普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语2019.03本试卷共10页,满分120 分。

考试用时120 分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上,并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。

因听力另考,试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始,试题序号从“21”开始。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。

如需改动。

用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答非选择题时,必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上:如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A. B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

AAdult Education CoursesComputer Studies Technology is advancing at a rapid pace, and we rely more and more on computers for everything from cooking to organising our taxes. This six-week course will give you an understanding of computer fundamentals, including the use of software packages (Word, Excel and Powerpoint) and how to use the Internet.Start: May 2,2019Time: Wed 7 pm-9pmCost:$300Length:6 weeksPlace: Sydney CollegeWoodworkLearn the basics of woodworking with simple hands-on projects to build your confidence and skills. Each lesson explores a different area of woodworking that will provide you with the skills needed for any woodworking project. Flexible learning allows you to choose only the lessons that interest you.Start: April 15,2019Time: Mon 5 pm-7pmCost:$30 per lessonLength:12 weeksPlace: Adult Learning CentreWeb DesignProvides advanced training in software, design,ArtThis practical course is intended to helpand coding for the web. Students must have already completed a recognised basic web design course or have at least 2 years' relevant work experience. Students completing the course will receive the Diploma in Advanced Web Design.Start: June 1,2019Time: Weekdays 9 am-4pmCost:$4,990Length:40 weeksPlace: University of Technology established artists take their creativity further. From sketching and colour, to composition, painting and experimenting with style, you will study and explore an engaging variety of creative media and subject matter.Start: April 21,2019Time: Thur 3 pm-6pmCost:$750Length:15 weeksPlace: City Art21.Which courses are suitable for beginners?A. Web Design and Art.B. Computer Studies and Art.C. Woodwork and Web Design.D. Computer Studies and Woodwork.22.Which course awards students an official certificate?A. Art.B. Woodwork.C. Web Design.D. Computer Studies.23.How much will a student who attends only half of all the Woodwork lessons pay in total?A. $30.B. $180.C. $250.D. $360.BWhen Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadn't yet appeared. Lina rubbed her eyes and looked around."Hello?" she called."Celia? Marie?"There was no response.The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it "Forgotten Island" because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn't on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn't know about it. Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends -her, Celia, and Marie.But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it was her own fault."Come on, Lina, let Marie row the boat." Celia had said. Marie was two years older than Lina, but she was a hopeless rower. That's why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island.The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form.Celia took Marie's side, as she always did. Lina hadexploded and yelled at them to just leave.So they got back in the boat and left.A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap.The storm was here.As the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, Lina's mind returned to her current problem.She was stuck here by herself.She just hoped she didn't become as forgotten as the island.The thought of it sent a chill(寒意)down her back.Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water.It was a boat, and inside it were Marie, Celia, and Marie's dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters.As the boat approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.In her excitement Lina jumped into the river.Only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the water was moving.Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulledher out.She smiled weakly at Marie's dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie.They didn't seem to mind becoming wet.24.What can be inferred about the island?A. It is very near the ocean.B. It is a popular place for boating.C. It is surrounded by thick forest.D. It has never been reached by others.25.Why did Lina get angry?A. Marie would not help row the boat.B. Lina was left alone on the island.C. Marie didn't know how to row the boat.D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.26.What caused Lina to feel a chill?A. Her shame about the unnecessary argument.B. The first raindrops of the approaching storm.C. The idea that no one would come to save her.D. The drop in temperature as the sun went down.27.Who pulled Lina out of the water?A. Marie's father.B. Lina herself.C. Marie.D. Celia.CTourism is often about seeking deeper emotional and personal connections with the world around us. Not all travel experiences, however, need to take place in the real world. With the evolution of virtual reality(VR) technology, tourism will increasingly become a combination of physical and virtual worlds. VR may even remove the need to travel entirely.But can a VR experience really equal a real world one? Many experts believe it can. Studieshave shown that our brains have an inbuilt VR-like mechanism that enables us to live imagined experiences. Much of our waking life is spent thinking about either the past or the future. This is known as" mind wandering". During these events we' re not paying attention to the current world around us. Instead, we' re recalling memories, or creating and processing imagined futures.When engaged in mind wandering, our brains process these mental images using the same pathways used to receive inputs from the real world. So, the imagined past or future can create emotions and feelings similar to how we react to everyday life. VR can create these same feelings.While critics might argue that a virtual experience will never match reality, there are several ways VR tourism could make a positive contribution. Firstly it could help protect sensitive locations from over-tourism. In recent years famous sites such as Maya Bay in Thailand, and Cambodia's Angkor Wat Temples have had to limit the number of visitors because of their negative impact. These places are now producing their own VR experiences that will allow tourists to pass through virtual models of the sites.Virtual reality may also allow people back in time, to experience historical events, visit ancient cities, and even to walk among dinosaurs.Finally, in a world where many people suffer from stress and depression due to overwork, virtual tourism may provide a cheap and convenient way for people to take brief holidays to otherwise unreachable destinations and recharge their batteries, without ever leaving their homes.It sounds like science fiction but it's already happening. As virtual technology improves andas people continue to demand new and interesting experiences, expect more virtual tourism, bothin combination with the real world and instead of it.28.What is driving the development of virtual tourism?A. Companies seeking to make more money.B. Improvements in virtual reality technology.C. People's demand for more shared experiences.D. People's deeper understanding of the physical world.29.Which of the following best describes "mind wandering"?A. The brain processes which help people think VR is real.B. The way the brain processes inputs from the real world.C. Brain activities focusing on past or future events.D. Experiences coming from a person's imagination.30.What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?A. Science fiction.B. Virtual technology.C. Virtual tourism.D. The real world.31.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To describe the advantages of VR tourism.B. To give suggestions for reducing over-tourism.C. To encourage people to develop VR technology.D. To argue VR tourism will replace the real world travel.DBoth honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies. They surviveby means of their collective intelligence. Their decision-making power is distributed throughoutthe group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group. Instead, they work together. As Deborah M. Gordon,a biologist at Stanford University, says," Ants aren't smart. Ant colonies are."The same is true for bee colonies. Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their social behavior. Specifically, honeybees and ants have similar roles within the colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity for learning.Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to dangeror to a food source. For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of the colony know how to find it by leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony. Theother ants pick up the message using their sense of smell. Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other. Worker bees send messages to each other by means of a "dance". Different speeds and movements send different messages. For example, when worker bees called scouts go out to find a new home for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is. The faster the scouts dance, the better the new location is.Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning. One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source. The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of "sameness" and" difference"to accomplish certain tasks. Ants take this one step further. Recent American research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants.They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obstacles.As we can see, the social behavior of honeybees and ants is quite similar. Both coordinate complex actions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals. Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as they go about their everyday activities.32.What do ants and bees have in common?A. They live in similar-sized colonies.B. They make use of collective intelligence.C. They have small leadership groups that make all decisions.D. They use the same methods to communicate with each other.33.What does the speed of a bee's dance indicate?A. The quality of a new colony location.B. The distance to a neighboring colony.C. The discovery of a new food source.D. The direction to a potential food source.34.In paragraph 3.how does the author demonstrate the idea that Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning ?A. By using statistics.B. By explaining reasons.C. By referencing opinions.D. By presenting study findings.35.What is the benefit of collective intelligence?A. It allows the colony to reproduce more rapidly.B. It improves work cooperation within the colony.C. It reduces the division of labour among members.D. It enables individuals to teach each other new skills.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

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