高考英语语法复习专题

高考英语语法复习专题（9）

Unit9 非谓语动词

一、考点聚焦

名称

语法功能

主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语

不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√

现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√

2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题

（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

His job is to guard.(说明内容)

be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)

（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。

（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：

主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.

③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/ consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done

④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.

（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her.

③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in.

（5）不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。

We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .

in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The novel was said to have been published.

I regret to have been with you for so many years.

seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。

此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed 后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。

I’m sorry t o keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）

②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/

wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。

（7）不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I want to finish my homework and go home.

I’m really puzzled what to think or say.

特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.

He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)

②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game.

③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to 可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。

Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.

④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。

⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：

He could not but walk home.

（8）不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：

Susan is not what she used to be.

—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.

—I know I ought to have.

常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.

3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题

（1）动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、