城市轨道交通专业英语 课程教案(第7周1—2节)

城市轨道交通专业英语课程教案（第7周1—2节）
transportation survey, in which an attempt is made to take
an inventory of the trip making pattern as it exists at
the present time, together with details of the travel
facilities available and the land-use activities and
socio-economic factors that can be considered to
influence travel.句子中的 transportation survey是先行
词;后面 in which 为定语从句，用法与where相同。

which 指
代transportation survey; 在 in which 定语从句中，an
attempt 为主语, be made为被动时态 , to take an inventory
of the trip 是宾语，making pattern as it exists at the
present time 修饰 the trip; together with作为插入语，
用法与 with相同， together作为副词修饰 with; together
with 后面接的成分可理解为details of the travel
facilities,details of the land-use activities, details of socio-economic factors, 其中that 为定语从句中的关系词，修饰travel facilities, the land-use activities,
socio-economic factors三个先行词；在that引导的定语从
中， be considered to influence travel为被动时态。

难点
主要教学内容 Introduction to the Transportation Planning process
交通规划程序概述
1. Transportation Planning交通规划
In the past, large urban areas have frequently suffered from transportation congestion. 昔日的大城市常常遭受交通拥挤之苦。

It has been recorded that in the first century vehicular traffic, except for chariots and official vehicles, was prohibited from entering Rome during the hours Of daylight. 据记载，在 1 世纪除了高级的四轮马车和官宦乘坐的车辆外、其他一切车辆在白天不准许进人罗马城。

While congestion has existed in urban areas, the predominantly pedestrian mode of transport prevented the problem from becoming too serious . 这在当时以步行方式为主的市区内，虽然会发生拥塞现象，但还不至于出现太严重的交通问题。

until the new forms of individual transport of the twentieth century began to demand greater highway capacity. 到了20世纪，出现了新型的个人交通形式以后，就开始要求道路具备更大的通行能力。

Changes in transport mode frequently produce changes in land-use patterns; 交通运输方式的改变使城市用地布局也
发生了变化，
for example, the introduction of frequent and rapid rail services in the outer suburbs Of London resulted in considerable residential development in the areas adjacent to local stations. 例如：在英国伦敦，因为在远郊区采用了班次既多速度又快的铁路服务，结果使车站附近地区建设了大量的住宅。

Recently, the availability of private transport which cannot be served economically by public transport has led to the growth of housing development.最近，由于私人汽车的大量使用，使原本不能经济地提供公共交通服务的住宅开发得以增长。

The renewal of many urban areas is much slower than the changes of the transportation modes and the greatest difficulty is that it is hard to accommodate the increasing private car. 很多城市旧城区的改建进程，已经落后于当前交通运输方式的改变，其中最大问题是不能容纳日益增长的私家车。

Before the early 1950s it was generally believed that the solution to the transportation problem lay in determining highway traffic volumes and then applying a
growth factor to ascertain the future traffic demands. 20世纪50年代以前，一般认为解决交通问题的方法在于确定道路的交通量，再采用一个增长系数来确定将来交通需要量。

Many of the early transportation studies carried out in the United Stated during this period saw the problem as being basically one of providing sufficient highway capacity and were concerned almost exclusively with highway transport.美国在这个时期所进行的一些早期的交通研究工作，基本上把这项工作单纯地看做是一个提供足够的道路通行能力的问题，并且只关心道路交通运输本身。

During the early 1950s, it was realized that there was a fundamental connection between traffic needs and land-use activity. 20世纪50年代初，人们意识到交通需求和土地利用活动之间存在着基本联系，
It led to the study of the transportation requirements of differing land uses as the cause of the problem rather than the study of the existing traffic flow.它导致在交通规划中对不同土地使用引起的交通需求问题的研究大大超过了对当前交通量的研究。

The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the commencement of。