2019年自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】
自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲
名词
主题：即作者想要说明的人或事
The students
learn
English.
基本上来说，一个英语句子最简单的组成方式就是“主谓宾”了，我们
也把这种结构称之为句子的主干或者‘裸句’，也就是说任何英语句子要先
具备“主谓宾”结构才是在语法上正确的句子。同时“主谓宾”也是任何
复杂句的前提。
第二类
【主语 + 系动词 + 表语】
攻略 《语法》中包括：词性与句子成分，时态，被动语态，非谓语动词
复合句，情态动词，倒装句，强调句，虚拟语气， 形容词副词比较级与最高级，介词与介词短语等在 我们自考英语中涉及到的基础语法点。 《题型》中包括：阅读判断，阅读选择，概括段落大意与补全句子， 填句补文，填词补文，完型补文 《作文》中包括：英语二会涉及到的议论文和英语一中会涉及的应用 文
二 课程结构
自考英语（一）和自考英语（二）自 2013 年 10 起采用新的教材和考 试题型（山东校除外）。就目前为数不多的几次新题型考试来看，难度远远 低于官方教材的难度。鉴于这种情况，我们的课程不采用官方教材来开展， 而是由我们的老师编写出了四本“学程自考提分档案”，分别是：词汇， 语法，新题型和作文。 其中《词汇》中包括：高频词汇的精讲；常见词缀；十大功能词；单词
三 考情分析
较之前的自考英语，改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型，更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知 识的综合运用能力。 而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把 握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化，建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下，将词汇，语 法与新题型紧密结合，再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破，以达到 事半功倍的效果。
00831现代英语语法2019年4月真题
2019年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代英语语法(课程代码：00831)注意事项：1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。
2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡（纸）指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。
3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。
第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（1%×20=20%）1. For some years, the United Nations been suggesting that we need to cut back on meat for the sake of the planet.A. havingB. hasC. haveD. had2. Again, that early success had to be taken with a of salt.A. pieceB. groupC. packD. grain3.I congratulated him and contestants who had set a new record at this event.A. the other allB. all the otherC. the all otherD. all other the4.Julia will come to give you a hand the moment she her homework.A. will finishB. finishesC. had finishedD. finished5.She has started to put more focus into her fashion choices，because she to understand how important style can be.A. beginsB. beganC. is beginningD. will begin6.More than 100 people in such attacks since December 2016.A. killedB. are killedC. have been killedD. being killed7.Mr. Sumaila Sabo advised that the remains of the dead boy at the place he was found.A. was buriedB. buryC. be buriedD. buried8.We wait for a special occasion. Let the kids feel our love now!A. mayn'tB. needn'tC. daren'tD. can't9. You are a very successful lawyer now! I'm sure you hard to obtain a Law Degree from the University.A. may have studiedB. can have studiedC. must have studiedD. must study10. For a romantic evening, you'd better for slow, quite songs, or even something mystical.A. optB. to optC. optingD. opted11.One of the men attempted money out of the shop's cash register but was unsuccessful.A. getB. to getC. gettingD. gotten12.There are a couple of key changes that deserve .A. mentioningB. to mentionC. mentionedD. being mentioned13. Weddings, baptisms and even funerals are still held in the church.A. beautiful old woodenB. old beautiful woodenC. old wooden beautifulD. beautiful wooden old14.The man reported that he was robbed of $799 cash by two unknown men.A. inB. onC. ofD. with15.The fossil is extremely rare it contains the animal's complete skeleton.A.so thatB. such thatC.in thatD.in order that16.The children we so lovingly indulge might just hold us responsible for their misfortune.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. whose17.The day you accept the defeat rather than finding excuses makes you stronger.A. on whichB. at whichC. whichD. in that18. Seven victims have been identified, and the police working to identify the other three children who might also be victims.A. wereB. isC. areD. was19. You'd better start swimming, you'll sink like a stone!A. soB. orC. andD. but20. Under no circumstances into a car with a stranger.A. you should ever getB. get you should everC. should you ever getD. you ever should get第二部分非选择题Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with one of the items given.(2%×10=20%)21. health, healthier, healthful; to include, included, includingExercise means a heart because it reduces several cardiovascular risks, high blood pressure.22. which, that, what; curious, curiousness, curiosityCelebrities often have fame comparable to of royalty. As a result, there is a strong public about their private affairs.23. Australian, Australia, Australia's; music, musical, musicallyIn an effort to polish outback image, Sydney launched an international design competition for a premier hall.24. name, be named, nameable; special, specifical, specificOdours, unlike colours, for instance, can not in many languages because the vocabulary simply doesn't exist.25. has, have, will have, actually, because, soGeneral Motors thousands of designers around the world living in the local customs, cultures and driving conditions, they can build vehicles best suited to the customer.26. show showing, shown; shopping, shopped, shopResearchers found that adverts during peak-time television had a bigger impact on people's habits.27. at, in, with; which, that, itOne of the first water clocks was a basin a small hole near the bottom through the water dripped out28. kind of relationships, kind of relationship, kinds of relationships; in, to, between Studying geography informs us about the different that develop a particular environment and the people that live there.29. with, of, for; more, much, fartherThe honey from Canadian bees is excellent quality, better than the stuff the Asian bees produce.30. be, are, is; household, households, householdersAccording to new census data, the gap between rich and poor Americansnow at an all-time high, with the top 1/5 of American claiming more than half of all the nation's income.Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with an item as required. (1%×20=20%) 31.With a determiner:The bitter winter had the county in its grip and may old people died of extreme cold.32.With a determiner:The film shows a vivid picture of London in Dickens' novels.33.With a determiner:I happened to find one-dollar note in my drawer the other day.34.With a determiner:You gave us two suggestions, but unfortunately was workable.35.With a modal auxiliary:Time is so pressing. How I complete such a difficult task single-handed? 36.With a modal auxiliary:One as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.37.With a modal auxiliary:You have read a lot of Maugham's short stories, otherwise you couldn't have talked so deeply about this famous British writer at yesterday's seminar.38.With a preposition:After six hours' tiring bus ride, I finally arrived the small town where I was going to live in the next year.39.With a preposition:The baby was born New Year's Day, which was a happy coincidence.40.With a preposition:The criminal is sure to be caught sooner or later; he won't remain large for long.41.With a preposition:His health condition changed the worse, so his family decided to send him to hospital.42.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:The company wanted to hire a man experience would help promote its sales.43.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:She was very patient towards the children, her husband seldom was.44.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:The process by energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.45.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:Scientists are sure that the time will come man can fly wherever he likes in the universe.46.With a coordinator or subordinator:John failed to pass the driving test for the third time, that's too bad.47.With a coordinator or subordinator:They were going to put up a twenty-storey building the garbage dump had been.48.With a question tag:Let's not waste time doing nothing at all, ?49.With a question tag:There has not been a great response to the sale, ?50.With a question tag:They must have been informed of the result of the job interview, ?Ⅳ. Rewrite the following sentences as required on the ANSWER SHEET.(2%×15=30%)ing passive voice:They expect the Senate debate to continue into next week.ing passive voice:A garbage man collected the discarded bottles ten minutes ago.ing a modal auxiliary:Look at the traffic jam. It is possible that the road is blocked somewhere near here. ing a non-finite verb form:Don't take his words seriously if he professes that he knows everything about your history.ing a non-finite verb form:The great composer had lost his hearing. He turned entirely to music to express his strong emotion.ing a simple preposition:He goes to work every day. He does not go to work on Sunday.ing a disjunct:It is quite obvious that he has never intended to keep his word.ing a relative clause:Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers. Their overall consumption is higher than that of women.ing a relative clause:She was very angry with the man. He called her at midnight and then found that it wasa wrong number.ing coordination:Short periods of fasting could help people lose weight. Short periods of fasting could lead to better health.ing subordination:I don't like the idea. The idea is that we go for an outing on a rainy day.ing transferred negation:I think he won't come to the party tonight.63.Adding a suitable tag:The man talking with Jane is the manager.64. Using discontinuity:Prof. Smith wants to talk to her about the practicability of the research method in person.65. Using inversion:They didn't sight the snowcapped peak until they had walked for nearly three hours.V.Answer the following question on the ANSWER SHEET. (4%×1=4%)66. What are the differences between determiners and adjectives?VI. Define the following terms with examples on the ANSWER SHEET. (3%×2=6%) 67.subordination68.modal auxiliary。
自考英语(一)考前要点复习Unit1(9)
自考英语(一)考前要点复习Unit1（9）句中的advice为不成数名词，其后不加s，正如课本第六页注解3所说，有许多东西在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却是不成数的。
如news，information，paper 等，若要表示“一个”这类概念，就必需加a piece of这类定语，例如：a piece of newsa piece of advicea sum of moneya piece of bread8. Read as much as you can.句中的much 是副词，用副词作同等比力时，可以用as … as和so … as 这种结构，如：1) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.(尽量多阅读，你的词汇量就会扩大。
)2) We must arrange everything as well as we can.(我们要把一切尽可能地安排好。
)3) Please give me a call as soon as possible.(请尽早给我打电话。
)4) I don’’t speak English so well as you.(我英语讲得没你好。
)9. Practice speaking the language every day.practice 在美国英语中可以做动词也可以做名词，而在英国英语中，practice是名词，动词的拼写则是practise.作动词用时，其后只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式。
如：It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.(在这样炎热的天气里练跑步可真不是好玩的。
)10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是宾语从句。
自考英语(一)重点语法复习(全)
一．名词不可数名词量的表示语：(1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。
其公式为：数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词(2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。
(A) 物质名词：a piece (suit) of armour a piece (slice) of cake a piece (an article) of furniture a piece of jewelrya piece (sheet) of paper a cake of soap a piece (slice) of bacon a piece (stick) of chalka bit (blade) of grass a piece (strip) of land a bit (grain) of rice a bowl of soup(B) 抽象名词 a word of abuse an item (a bit) of business an attack of fever a bit (an amount) of interest;a fit of passion a piece (word) of advice a piece of evidence a piece (an item) of information a piece (an item) of news;(C) 自然现象：a flash of lightening; a bolt of thunder;名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of, 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。
之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.I like this kind of flower.I like flowers of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）II. 名词的数：III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
自考英语(一)考前要点复习Unit3(3)
自考英语(一)考前要点复习Unit3（3）7. spot n.地点，处所;点，斑点v. 点缀;认出;准确定位adj. 当场作出的;现付的She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.(假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。
)She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.(她把变乱发生的准确地点告诉了我们。
)She decided on a blue tie with white spot for her husband.(她给丈夫选了一条蓝底白点的领带。
)There is a spot of ink on the white wall.(白墙上有墨水渍。
)He didn’t want to leave a spot on his reputation.(他不想在名誉上留下污点。
)The night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.(闪烁的星星点缀着夜空。
)His shoes are spotted with mud.(他的鞋子上有泥渍。
)She is so special，you can spot her in the crowd easily.(她很特别，你在人群中能一眼认出她来。
)He was sent to spot the battery position of the enemy.(他被派去测定敌炮阵地。
)She was urged to make a spot decision.(她被催促当场做决定。
)on the spot当场，在现场in a spot在困境中，在窘境中put sb. on the spot使某人处于难堪地位put one’s finger on sb.’s weak spot指出某人性格上的弱点spot check抽样检查spot survey 抽样调查spotlight聚光灯;汽车上的反光灯;公众注意中心spot news现场报道的新闻spot price 现货价。
自考英语语法复习资料
building建筑wedding婚礼painting绘画
leadership领导friendship友谊hardship艰苦
shortage短缺marriage婚姻leakage泄漏
loyalty忠诚 cruelty残酷 penalty惩罚
here这里
冠 词
Article
（ad.）
用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物
an, a
the
动 词
Verb
（v.）
表示人或事物的动作或状态
eat吃
have有
介 词
Preposition
（prep。）
用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关
Every Saturday Mr. Black goes to the supermarket to do shopping. 每星期六，布莱克先生
都去超级市场购物。
See the statement above. 见上文。
The faded flowers covered the ground. 地上满是凋谢的花朵。
conductor售票员 sailor水手 transistor晶体管
Chinese中国人 Portuguese葡萄牙人 Pekinese北京人
musician音乐家 Egyptian埃及人 physician物理学家
后 缀
例 词
-ist
-ment
-ness
They painted the wall blue. 他们把墙刷成蓝色。
【自学考试】 英语(一)(二)考试重点语法总结
【自学考试】 英语（一）（二）考试重点语法总结虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)并列句、复合句(主从,宾从,表从,定从,状从,同位从)1. 简单句和并列句主谓, 主谓状 I study hard.情态动词+ 实意动词构成谓语. I shall go.主谓宾, 主谓介宾 I study English.I look at the blackboard.主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.主谓双宾 I give him a present.主谓宾宾补 I let you do it.I ask you to do it.定状语 A red book.Work hard.并列句 I worked and studied(x)I worked and he studied.2. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句I study English. I think (that)… I think that she is a good student.I made it clear that he objected to the plan.I asked whether/if he was a good student.I don’t know whether it is raining.I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.(2) 主语从句That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.( it is the truth that..)Whether it is raining is not known.It is not known--computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whetherB. ifC. thatD. howIt goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.翻译题: In a sense, what he said amounts to threat.(3) 表语从句Your greatest fault is that you are careless.The problem is what we should do to help him.(4) 形容词补语从句We feel proud that our team has won every match this year.He wasn’t sure whether he should stay or leave.Are you certain who he is?(5) 同位语从句(fact, news, idea, opinion, concern, hope, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, report,order, question, problem, belief, truth, answer, statement, promise, possibility.)The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.(6) 状语从句? 时间状语从句When I studied, the bell rang.She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.He had no sooner died than/ he had hardly died when the family arguments began.? 地点状语从句He live where he liked.? 原因状语从句He was late because he missed the bus.Now that you mention it, I do remember.I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.? 目的状语从句We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.Bring it closer so that I may see it better.? 结果状语从句He brought a big house so( that) he had more space to paint in.He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.翻译题:The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other ? 条件状语从句If I make a promise, I keep it.I’ll lend you the money , as/so long as you take my advice.These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken.? 让步状语从句Although/ though he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany.Whatever/ No matter what happens, you must be calm and quiet.However/no matter how loudly you shout, you won’t be heard.? 方式状语从句I have changed the plan as you suggested.As if ( as though)? 比较状语从句(重点)She is as tall as Tom( is) I arrived as early as you (did)Mary was older/more careful than Tom( was)Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom( does)Bill speaks French ----( badly) than he writes it.The –( far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. further 进? (8) 定语从句在从句中成份+连词She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.( who主语)This is the film that I see.This is the boy who (whom)(--) you met yesterday. (主语)Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / (whom) I shall be working for.I read the book whose cover is red.You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.I never heard such stories as he told.This is the day when( on which) I joined the league.This is the house where( in which) I live./ This is the house I live in.? 非限定性定语从句:He met Mary, who invited him to dinner.I gave the book to Tom, whom/ who I found after the meeting.Her doctor, whose office was newly decorated, started to charge higher fee. His latest play, which was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.Prof. Emery, about whom everyone is taking these days.There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhere用在定语从句和状语从句的区别I’ll go to the place (where I live)I’ll go wherever work conditions are difficult.? 定语从句和同位语从句的区别The news (that our team had won)was known to all.This is the film that (I see).考题: Such people – you describe are rare nowadays.a. asb. thatc. whod.whichAnyone ---( want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition,---,to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.a. whereb. whichc. asd. that3. 并列复合句He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believe it.I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be; yet it was difficult to say what he she did.动词的时态和语态重点语法——动词的时态和语态? 时态的呼应I thought the experiment was going on now.She said this apparatus would be available next week.? Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day.Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment.Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived. Have/has been done My car has been repaired.Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned.? No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began.Hardly….. whenSome people think that the relations between people have deteriorated-( deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible. Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened (happen) to her.非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式?做主语 To see is to believe.What to do next has not been decideIt is not easy to remember all these words.?表语 To know everything is to know nothing.?定语 This is a book to be written.?宾语 I want to study.He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.?宾补 They warned me not to be late.I let you do it(make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, smell, listen to, hear,perceive)?状语 Yesterday he came to see me.?独立成份 To be frank, she is not my girlfriend.?形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.?不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable.?不定式的时态和语态 to do(be) , to be+p.p.to have done, to have been done动名词? 主,表语 Seeing is believingTom’s going there won’t do any harm.My hobby is collecting stamps.? 定语 This is a swimming poor. ( a poor for swimming)This is a hiding place ( a place for hiding )? 宾语 I enjoy studying (mind, keep, appreciate, can’t help, consider, postpone,suggest,admit etc.)Do you mind my smoking here?? 介词+ 宾语I used to doing. (confess to, look forward to, object to doing sth.)be involve in, consist of, be fond of, etc.? 动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态分词? 状语 When I saw the film, I felt sad = Seeing the film, I felt sad. Because it is Sunday today, we have no school.It being Sunday, we have no school.When the job was finished, we went home straight away.The job finished, we went home straight away.? 定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.The used car. A broken cup the question involved.? 表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.? 宾补 I found them watering flowers.( I found that they were watering flowers.I found the flowers watered. ( I found the flowers watered)?分词的时态和语态.( 形同动名词)doing (being) being donehaving done having been done______nothing to say, the boy shield way form the crowd.A. HavingB. Have C Had. D. Having beingWhat developed was a music readily taking ( take) on various forms.Not having got (not get) enough hands, she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.非谓语动词答题要点1. Anyone wanting (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.2．A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted (convict)of murder.3. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used ( use) in experiments may decrease.Not have got (not, get)enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task．It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control ( control) his direction.As I’ll be away for a year，I’d appreciate hearing (hear)from you now and then．Object to , confess to , look forward to + doing.介词+ doing.If I had remembered --- the window, the thief would not have got in.a. to closeb. closingc. to have closed. having closed.Begin, start, intend, continue to do, doing 的区别不大The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做.I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open, but I couldn’t.I can’t find anywhere to live.______, they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B.The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been overV+ing及从句的固定用法It’s no use doing sth.It’s no use worrying about it. There’s nothing you can do.It’s (not) worth doing sth.Have difficulty doing sth.Spend time (in) doing sth.There is no doubt that.强调句1. 强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke.3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to.4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.5. 强调状语1) 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.2) 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.3) 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.4) 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it.不仅可以是陈述句, 还可以是疑问句和感叹句.Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday? What great progress it was that you made.强调句可以是一个从句, 被强调的部分也可以是从句.I was told that it was because he hadn’t received the invitation that he didn’t comeIt was there, the police believe,---she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. thatB.untilC. whichD. when虚拟语气?第一类型:见词就填:A. (should ) do(should) beB. (should) be +过去分词第一类型虚拟语气 A第一类型虚拟语气 B见某些形容词要虚拟Urgent, necessary, important, possible, essential, incredible, natural, ridiculous, vital, imperative, crucial, critical, proper, compulsory, etc.?形容词带的从句: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.?主语从句: It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed.?宾语从句: He insisted that his daughter (should) come.?表语从句: The doctor’s advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet.?同位语从句: He gave order that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.考题: They demanded that the right to vote----(give) to every adult person. [(should) be given]For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one, it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea.A.isB.beC.wereD.would be?第二类型: if 的非真实条件句( 可能性小或没有可能)?注意: if 可以引导真实条件句,多是条件状语从句.第二类型虚拟语气 (时态到推的概念)第二类型虚拟语气举例省略if 的倒装were, had , should.If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved.Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.考题:_____for your help, I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.A. Had it not beenB. not beenC. Without beingD. not having been特殊虚拟?Even if 形式上与if 相同?Wish形式上大体与if 从句相同?从句谓语与Wish同时 Wish+主语+V.ed/wereI wish I were as young as you.?从句谓语发生Wish之前多用Wish+主语+had done(been)I wish that he had not made so much trouble.?从句谓语发生Wish之后用Wish+主语+would(could) + v.I wish you would stay with me far a whileI wish I could fly.?It is (about. High..) time that + 从句 (V.ed)It is high time that we began to work.?In case, lest, for fear that (should)+ V.The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ---himself.A. injureB. had injured c. injured d. would injure.?Would rather =had rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作.倒装句?全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.Among them were two girls.?部分倒装Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.Not only did he win the championship in the race, but he also broke the world record.Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.?Never, nowhere, no longer, little, feww, not…( not a single word) no. (at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, under/in no circumstances)Only here can you buy fresh eggs.主谓一致要点To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say” yes.”What I did was to give her a book. Neither she nor I am wet.Many a student doesn’t like having to do their homework.连词?连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, which ever ?连接副词 when, how, why, where, whenever, wherever?并列连词 and, but, or, so , therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both..and, not only..but also, either..or, neither..nor,?从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if , even if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, in case, now that, so..that, such..that, as .as. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, --- we should not play it.A. otherwiseB. insteadC. neverthelessD. either不定代词?Any,one, none, nothing, neither, either, both, all, anyone, any one, some, any, much, manyAre you sure there are not--- sharks here? A.any B. some C. many D. much.Used to , be used to doingFrank lives alone,. He doesn’t mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job, I used to get up early.词汇题常考动词搭配?Come, carry, take, go,get,cut, make, put ,turn, bring.完型填空题型分析? 考察重点主谓一致,动词时态和语态,名词的数,代词,形容词副词的比较级,介词和连词.常用词语搭配.70%考连词,代词,介词以及承上启下的其他词和词组.? 方法: 先跳空通读全文,然后根据语法结构, 语义连贯,词与词的搭配填空, 最后在通读全文.注意顾全大局.?选的是最佳答案.?词型填空题大部分为动词.阅读理解题型分析考察(1)词和短语的意义(2)句子表达的各个内容之间的关系(3)文章的主题思想和大意(4)文章或某句的内在含义及推理(5)文章作者的态度.答题方法:先看题— 阅读的难点不是考试的重点不要死扣一句第一段和最后一段, 段首和段尾句多数题目可以在文章中找到相应的段落,句子或短语.翻译题?评分原则为：(1) 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
自考英语语法复习资料
E. It+doesn't matter （makes no difference, etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn't matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
（2）从属连词if/whether.如：
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don't know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
（3）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why.
如：
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he's writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
（3）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why.
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如：
自考英语语法复习资料(2)
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如：
I know he has returhat在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略）
I'll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
（1）介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
I don't think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don't believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don't suppose he cares, does he？ 我想他不在意,是吗？
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. （主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。）
自考-英语(一-)重点语法复习-(全)
一．名词专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词不可数名词量的表示语：(1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。
其公式为：数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词(2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。
(A) 物质名词：a piece (suit) of armour a piece (slice) of cake a piece (an article) of furniture a piece of jewelrya piece (sheet) of paper a cake of soap a piece (slice) of bacon a piece (stick) of chalka bit (blade) of grass a piece (strip) of land a bit (grain) of rice a bowl of soup(B) 抽象名词 a word of abuse an item (a bit) of business an attack of fever a bit (an amount) of interest;a fit of passion a piece (word) of advice a piece of evidence a piece (an item) of information a piece (an item) of news;(C) 自然现象：a flash of lightening; a bolt of thunder;名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of, 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。
之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.I like this kind of flower.I like flowers of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）II. 名词的数：规则例词1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3 以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves 加-s chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8 特殊变化medium media, child children,规则例词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2 单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin,3 只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6 复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7 表示“某国人”加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen8 合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
自考现代英语语法重点
Chapter 1 The Structure of the English Sentence(第一章绪论)一、难点、重点1.Present the grammatical units that form a hierarchical order.(指出构成层次结构的语法单位.)英语句子的结构层次是：分句(clauses)、词组(phrases)、单词(words)，图示如下：高级层次句子(由一个或多个分句组成)分句(由一个或多个词组组成)词组(由一个或多个词组成)低级层次词如果从语义的角度来考虑，单词以下还可再分为词素(morphemes)；句子以上还有更大的语言单位，即把句子按一定逻辑规则组织起来的语篇。
所以，从超语法的角度来看，语法层次结构可以如下图所示：高级层次语篇(由广个或多个句子组成)句子(由一个或多个分句组成)分句(由一个或多个扣组组成)词组(由一个或多个词组成)词(由一个或多个词素组成)低级层次词素2．Morphemes词素(Terms: morpheme, morph, allomorph, free morpheme and bound morpheme)（注：此部分内容的学习可以借鉴‘词汇学’的相关内容，然而必须注意两门课程描述的不同点。
）什么是词素(morpheme)?词素是语法的最小区别性单位，即最低一级的语法单位。
词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素(morph)。
词素是一种抽象形式的成分，在不同的环境中一个词素可以由若干个不同的形素体现，如英语中的复数词素可以表现为／s，z，iz／。
某一词素在不同的环境中可以用不同的变体或词素变体(allomorph)表示。
所谓词素变体是指词素的非区别性变体，几个不同的变体一起构成一个词素。
词素又分为自由词素和粘附词素。
自由词素(free morpheme)是指本身具有完整意义，可以独立使用的词素。
它可以是简单的单词，如boy，girl，do，so等，也可以是派生词的词根，如im-polite，self-ish 等。
自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲
4
第一章 词性与句子成分 The male students learn American English.
carefully
当我们在 learn 前面加上 “carefully”时，它可以告诉你 learn 这个动 作的状态；
另外： She is beautiful.
very
当我们 beautiful 前加上 very 这个副词的时候，我们瞬间可以知道这个 形容词的程度。综上，我们可以知道状语最常用的即为副词---会出现在有 动词和形容词出现的地方；当然，副词还可以修饰整个句子，例如：
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
呢？我们将会在这一节当中解决上面我们提出的问题，同时，这 一部分，也是我们了解英语句子奥秘，提升阅读和写作能力的基 础单元。
1
学程自考提分档案
Xue Cheng Zi Kao Ti Fen Dang An
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
第一类
【主语 + 谓语 + 宾语】
名词
动词
三 考情分析
较之前的自考英语，改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型，更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知 识的综合运用能力。 而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把 握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化，建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下，将词汇，语 法与新题型紧密结合，再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破，急，也不拖拉，只要一步一步往前走，总会到达。 ——乔伊斯
假如人生是一次长征，水远山长，我们总期许在路上能得一知心人 相随。
倘若学习是一段旅程，越好的光景，就越鲜有人能如愿得见。在自 考这条并非坦途的旅程中，学程自考人愿做知心同路者伴你结结实实走 一遭，看尽沿途的风景，共浴旅途的汗水，收获终点的幸福。
00831英语语法2013年04月历年真题及答案
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用 2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.1.All the_____were shocked at the sudden death of the old man on the pavement.A. passer-bysB. passers-bysC. by-passersD. passers-by2.When I was in England, I went to visit the university where I_____.A. had studiedB. studiedC. have studiedD. was studying3.No decision has been made about what to do next. We_____it.A. still considerB. still consideredC. are still consideredD. are still considering4.Mr. Johnson told us that he_____to work in the headquarters of the corporation later this month.A. will be transferredB. would be transferredC. will transferD. was transferred5.Staying in a foreign country，I sometimes find it difficult to make myself_____.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood6.Every teacher in the school accepted the suggestion that the students_____their uniforms to school.A.would wearB. ought to wearC. must wearD. wear7.You don’t need_____for my permission every time you want to watch TV.A. to askB. askC. askingD. being asked8.This was the last play_____that year.A. to being performedB. to performingC. to be performedD. having performed9.He appeared well_____for the TV debate.A. preparedB. prepareC. preparingD. to prepare10.Where did you get the_____ furniture?A. expensive ancient mahoganyB. ancient expensive mahoganyC. expensive mahogany ancientD. ancient mahogany expensive11.This is_____the best school in the region.A. far and awayB. farther awayC. further awayD. far away12.I can’t afford as_____as this one.A. an expensive carB. expensive a carC. more expensive a carD. most expensive a car13. _____, I'd like to express my gratitude for your generous contributions.A. To beginB. To begin withC. BeginningD. Beginning with14.Michael has remarkable talent_____basketball.A. inB. forC. onD. with15.He always did well at school_____having to do part-time jobs in his spare time.A. regardless ofB. on account ofC. in spite ofD. in case of16.He is a straight A student, _____his brother never was.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that17.We talked a long while about our childhood days, _____we had a good dinner.A. after whichB. after thatC. after thenD. after what18.Bread and milk_____my breakfast for years.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been19.This is the only one of the many houses here which____destroyed by the flood.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are20. ---You don’t like dishonesty, do you?---Of course not. Actually, nobody____.A. doB. doesC. likesD. like非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
2019年自考英语二复习重点-精选word文档 (8页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==自考英语二复习重点为帮助大家复习英语二，那么，下面是小编给大家整理收集的自考英语二复习重点，供大家阅读参考。
自考英语二复习重点：No.1名词复数的规则变化一般情况加词尾 -s，如 book / books, desk / desks等。
其读音规则是在清辅音后读［s］，在元音和浊辅音后读［z］。
以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es：bus / buses, box / boxes, dish / dishes等。
以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s：city / cities, toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。
No.2复数规则变化的几点说明以 ch 结尾的名词变复数时加词尾-es，指的是 ch 读音为[tF]时；若ch的读音为[k]，则其复数应加词尾-s，如 stomach[tstQmEk]是 stomachs，而不是 stomaches。
以y结尾的专有名词，直接加词尾s变复数。
以 o 结尾的名词，有些加词尾 -s，有些加-es，但在中学英语范围内，以o结尾的名词变复数加词尾-es 的主要有以下4个：tomato(西红柿)，potato(土豆)，hero(英雄)，Negro(黑人)。
注：有些以o 结尾的名词在变复数时加-s或-es均可，如zero /zero(e)s(零)等。
以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，也有两种可能：即有些直接加词尾-s，有些则把f / fe 改为 ves：roof / roofs(屋顶)，knife / knives(小刀)等。
但在中学英语范围内，要改 f / fe 为 ves 的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词)：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。
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自考现代英语语法复习资料第一部分：引言《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。
关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。
大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。
英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。
通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。
在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。
其实，两种看法都失偏颇。
现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。
另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。
书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。
该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。
所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。
现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。
我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。
在整个讲解过程中，我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题，以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。
先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构；每年考试形式基本相同，有些部分稍有调整。
为了节省篇幅，这里各部分只选取几个样题)The Pre-course QuizI、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. In the end, he __________.a. got invitedb. gets invitedc. was invitedd. was to be invited2. Do what I tell you --__________!a. or elseb. or soc. and thatd. and do3. __________ , he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class.a. To work hard as he didb. Working hard as he didc. Work hard as he didd. Worked hard as he did4._____ there be life on Mars? (p171)a. Mayb. Canc. Mightd. Ought5.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?(p263)a. tob. orc. andd. here6.You _____ be shocked at the news.(p168)a. should wellb. must wellc. may welld. can well7. You have to wait a minute, ______?a. haven't youb. do youc. don't youd. shouldn't you8. Staying in hotel cost ________ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.a. twice as muchb. twice as much asc. as much as twiced. twice than9. I don't think she meant_________ you. (p206)a. hurtb. to hurtc. hurtingd. be hurt10. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now.a. Had... wouldn't have doneb. Had... wouldn't be doingc. If... wouldn't dod. If... wouldn't be doingII.多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分）Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:a, the, any, some, all1. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave behind. That's why__________ arrival of the Year 2000 has become such a personal moment.2. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have hada. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around.b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake.3. seem, seems, me, I, mineYour politics _____ to be entirely different from _____. (p59)4. less, less of, than, as, likeMr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee. (p237)III.填空题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:1. It was an island __________ name I have forgotten.2. He carried his luggage all the way home, __________ was actually unnecessary.3. He soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting.4. The police arrived, after __________ the situation became calmer. Fill in the blanks with proper words:5.I like Australia best _______ all the English-speaking countries.6.I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.(p251)IV.改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）Correct errors in the following sentences:1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man.2. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning.3.The all of Paris welcomed the general. (p79)4. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.5. None of my parents are interested in my idea. (p344)V.改写句子（本大题共14小题，每题2分，共28分）Rewrite the following sentences as required:1. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much.2. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding.bine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:(p289)My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all.4.Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don't think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers.5. Use discontinuity:Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.VI.名词解释（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）Define the following terms with examples:1.Non-finite verbs2.DeterminersVII.简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）1. What are inherent adjectives?2. Can HOW - exclamations be used to highlight the noun? If not, what can HOW - questions highlight?Key to the pre-course quizI. 单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分）1、a2、a3、b4、b5、c6、c7、c8、b9、b 10、bII. 多项选择填空题（每小题2分，共10分，）1. Each, the （共2分，一格1分）2. have, were（共2分，一格1分）3. seem, mine（共2分，一格1分）4. less of, than（共2分，一格1分）III. 填空题（每题1分，共20分）1. whose2. which3. why4. which5. among6.betweenIV. 改错题（每小题1分，共8分）Correct errors in the following sentences:1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading makes a full man.2. Go and get some fresh air! You have been sitting here all morning.3.The whole of Paris welcomed the general.4. I've got five brothers, and each of them is quite different from the others.5. Neither of my parents are interested in my idea.V. 改写句子（每题2分，共28分）1. Thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary you sent my son.2. Twenty horses that were to be trained for riding were put into the corral.3. My boss is a very considerate person, which his predecessor was not at all.4. No, I don't think so. He hates lawyers.5. Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful to children than expected.VI. 名词解释（每题2分，共4分）1. The non-finite verbs are verbs that are not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord.2. Determiners refer to words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that pre-modify the head word.VII. 简答题（每小题2分，共10分）1. Generally speaking, adjectives denoting inherent qualities characterize the referent of the noun. e.g. A big house refers to a house whose size is big.2. No, they can't. They can highlight the adjectives, adverb or verb.第二部分：教材的学习与使用一．首先，仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考试大纲》，做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。