高中英语 Unit 1 Living wellSection Ⅲ Grammar复习动词不定式教学案 新人教版选修7

Unit 1 Living wellSection Ⅲ Grammar-复习动词不定式

语法图解

探究发现

用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to_make (make) me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to_adapt (adapt) to my disability.

2．Then I started to_get (get) weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium.

3．Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to_know (know) what the future holds.

4．I am happy to_have_found (find) many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.

5．My ambition is to_work (work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.

6．Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to_buy (buy) it from me.

7．To_look (look) after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.

8. I have to work hard to_live (live) a normal life but it has been worth it.

9．If I had a chance to_say (say) one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.

10．Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to_live (live) as rich and full a life as you do.

[我的发现]

(1)以上句子皆用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当宾语(如句1、 2、 6)，主语(如句3、7)，原因状语(如句4)，表语(如句5)，定语(如句9)及目的状语(如句8、 10)。

(2)在句1中，“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中充当宾语。

(3)动词不定式一般式的结构为：to_do (如句1、2、3、5、 6、 7、 8、 9、10)；动词不定式完成式的结构为：to_have_done (如句4)

一、动词不定式的时态

1．一般时

动词不定式的一般时(to do)所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。

I noticed him go out.

我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生)

I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.

我打算参加明天举行的聚会。(attend的动作在plan后发生)

2．进行时

动词不定式的进行时(to be doing)表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

They are reported to be working hard.

据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work同时发生)

I am very glad to be working with you.

我非常乐意与你一起工作。(be glad与work同时发生)

3．完成时

动词不定式的完成时(to have done)表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.

很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前)

He is believed to have come.

相信他已经来了。(come发生在believe前)

[名师点津] (1)在intended, expected, hoped, promised, wanted, wished, thought 等后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。

(2)在seem, appear, think, consider, believe等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。

(3)常见的可接动词不定式完成时的形容词有：happy, sad, disappointed, satisfied,

likely, surprised等。

I hoped to have finished the work earlier.

我本希望早点儿完成那项工作。

I intended to have helped you.

我本打算帮助你。

He seems to have bought the new book.

＝It seems that he has bought the new book.

他好像已买了那本新书。

She is not likely to have got our letter.

她很可能还没收到我们的信。

[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①(2016·北京高考改编)To_make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.

②(2014·陕西高考改编)To_work (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have concluded Professor Russell several times.

③(2013·山东高考改编)I stopped the car to_take(take) a short break as I was feeling tired.

④(2013·重庆高考改编)The engine just won't start. Something seems to_have_gone (go) wrong with it.

二、动词不定式的语态

1．主动语态和被动语态

(1)动词不定式有主动语态和被动语态两种形式；

(2)在主动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；

(3)在被动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语构成被动关系；有一般时to be done和完成时to have been done两种形式。

We were very excited to hear the news.

听到那则消息，我们很兴奋。

It's a great honour for me to be invited.

能被邀请，甚是荣幸。(me是invite动作的承受者)

No harm seems to have been done.

似乎并没有什么危害发生。(harm是do的承受者；且发生在seem前)

2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。