英语国家概况美国部分精讲3

Chapter 20 Education 教育

[被屏蔽广告] 1．It is a general view that every American has the right and obligatio

n to become educated. American believe that ,through education, an individual acquires th e knowledge, skill ,attitudes and abilities which will enable him to fit into society and im prove his social status. Education helps to shape the society and develop the national stre ngth。在美国，人们普遍认识是，每一个人都有受教育的权利和义务，通过受教育，人们可以更好的适应社会，提高自身的社会地位，教育有助于塑造社会，增强国家实力。（2000，46题，一句话回答）

2．Formal education in the U.S consists of elementary ,secondary and higher educat ion, Elementary and secondary education,which forms public education, is free and compul sory.美国正规的教育由初等，中等和高等教育组成，初等，中等教育属公立教育，是免费和义务的。

3．In American ,there are more public elementary and secondary schools that privat e ones, while private colleges and universities outnumber public ones.在美国，公立中小学比私立多，而私立大学比公立大学多。

4．Under the Tenth Amendment to the U.S Constitution, education was included am ong the responsibilities which were “reserved to the states or the people:.根据美国宪法第十修正案，教育是：保留给各州或人民：的责任之一。

5．There is not a national system of education in the United States, It is the state t hat establishes policies for the education within its boundary, so many variations can be f ound in the education system of the 50 states.美国没有全国统一的教育体制，而是由各州为自己辖区内的学校制订政策，所以50个州的教育体制相差很大。

6．Elementary and secondary education in the U.S covers 12 years for ages 6 throu gh 18, All the states have laws that require children to go to school, generally until the a

ge of 16, unless they are severely handicapped.美国初等和中等教育共12年，从6岁到期8岁，所有州要求孩子们上学上到期16岁，除非他们严重残疾。

7．In American, the total support for public schools is about 186 billion a year, ab out 7% of the gross national product(GNP)在美国，给公立学校的财政资助一年约1850亿美元，约占国民生产总值的7%。

8．Each local school district of American has a governing board whose major respo nsibilities are 1>the hiring of professional and support staff, 2>determining the most suitab le local curriculum, 3>and developing and approving a budget to carry out educational pro grams. Usually the board of education employs a superintendent of school, who is the chi ef executive officer at the local level.每个地方学区都有一个由选民选举产生的管理委员会，它主要有三个职责，1。聘用教师和学校员工，2。决定适合当地的课程，3。制定和批准执行教育计划的预算，通常，教育委员会要选一位督学，作为地方一级的重要教育行政官员。

9．The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools is that of graded schools. Usually, the elementary school covers grades 1-8 and the high school 9-1 2.美国中小学典型的组织模式是年级制，通常，小学包括1到8年级，中学包括9到12年级。

10．There is a certain degree of similarity in the American elementary school curric ul um. It mainly consists of mastery of the “basics” such as reading, writing, and arithmeti c of mathematics.美国各小学的课程有某种程度的相似之处，要是对“基础课的掌握，这些基础包括阅读，写作，和算术或数学等。

11．Higher education of the U.S began with the founding of Harvard College in 16 36.美国的高等教育始于1636年哈佛学院的建立。（2001，22选择）