高考英语复习:语法 七、动词的时态和语态

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七、动词的时态和语态

对应学生用书p172

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ____________(report)

increases in bear sightings around human settlements.

2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ____________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.

3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years.

4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ____________(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.

5.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay, we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.

6.(2019·浙江卷)One study in America found that students’ grades ____________(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.

7.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since 2011,the country ____________(grow) more corn than rice.

8.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the

government ____________(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

[答案与解析]

1.have reported。考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语In recent years可知,句子用现在完成时态,故填have reported。

2.declared。考查时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had可知,用一般过去时态,故填declared。

3.have made。考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填

have made。

4.recommended。考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人和我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。

5.were invited。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会……由“On the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去式,主语为we,用被动语态。故填were invited。

6.improved。考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去时,主句用一般过去时。故填improved。

7.has grown。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知,此空应用现在完成时。

8.started。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。

对应学生用书p172(一)动词时态概述

英语中动词共有16种时态,其中一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般过去将来时、现在完成进行时,使用频率较高,同学们应着重学会使用这十种时态。全部动词时态分类如下表:

(三)现在时态概述

(五)注意事项

1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:

(1)一般过去时所表示的动作或状态纯属过去,与现在没有联系。常用的时间状语有:yesterday,last night,two days (months / weeks...) ago等。

Tom bought a new car a week ago.

He was in prison in 1990.

I saw Hero last week.

(2)现在完成时所表示的动作或状态与现在有联系,是过去的动作或状态对现在产生的结果或造成的影响。说话人关心的是现在的结果或状态;或表示过去一个动作一直延续到现在。常用的时间状语有:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last / past few days / years,since then,up to now,so far等。

I've never been to Beijing.

He has not given his response so far.

He has come here.他已经来这里了。(说话人关心的是“他现在在这里相当于He is here now.”)

His brother has been in the army for 5 years.他哥哥参军5年了。(指“他哥哥”五年前到说话时一直在部队服役)

2.某些状语从句中将来时的表达方式:

在以when,until(till),as soon as,by the time,after,before等引导的时间状语从句或以if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when,however,even if等引导的让步状语从句中,谓语动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

【例1】I will stay at home if it ____________(rain) tomorrow.

[答案] rains。

【例2】Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____________(come) home.

[答案] came。

3.一般不用于进行时的动词:

状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如:like,love,prefer,want,think,wish,desire,believe,know,understand,realize,recognize,doubt,feel,forgive,guess,imagine,satisfy,taste,see,be,belong to,concern,contain,cost,depend on,deserve,have(有),lack,need,owe,own,remain,seem,sound等。

【例】I ____________(am knowing / was knowing / know) Tom quite well.We were introduced at a party.

[答案] know。

4.always等副词在进行时中表达的意义:

always,often,constantly,frequently,forever等副词和进行时连用,表达说话人的某种感情,即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等,可译为“老是、总是”。

【例1】John ____________(will always think / is always thinking) of what he can do for

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