2016_2017学年下期期末考试试卷
衡水中学2016-2017学年高二下学期期末考试语文试题(解析版)
2016～2017学年度高二年级下学期期末考试语文试卷说明：1、本试卷共150分。
考试时间150分钟。
2、答题前请仔细阅读，选择题按顺序涂卡。
3、答卷前，考生务必将自己姓名、考号、考试科目用涂卡笔涂写在答题卡上。
现代文阅读（共68分）（一）阅读下面的文字，完成各小题。
大神级作家要培养高雅“上帝”何勇海“读者是上帝”是网络文学的基本规则。
对此，评论家白烨日前指出，这个规则需要反思。
当你是个一般网络作者时，你可能不得不去迁就读者，给自己赢得一定的名声与影响。
当你成为大神级作家后，就理当起到一个大神应该起的作用，把领袖价值、引导作用体现出来，用富于人文精神的写作引领读者，示范其他作者，而不是只去一味博得众多读者喝彩，活在低俗与媚俗写作营造的粉丝迷恋中。
白烨的论断让人耳目一新。
在网络文学领域，很多写手确有“读者是上帝”的意识，希望读者喜欢自己的作品，希望有读者购买文学网站的虚拟货币给写手“打赏”，甚至希望有大量铁杆粉丝日夜追随，将自己捧成“网络大神”。
这些想法固然没有多大错误—哪怕是传统文学，也需市场检验优劣与成败，更何况网络文学?如果某网络写手的作品无人点击，恐怕只有放弃写作这个“春秋大梦”了。
问题关健在于，视读者为“上帝”，切不可唯读者“马首是瞻”，因为读者形形色色、品位趣味各异。
有些网络写手，却盲目迎合、一味迁就读者的口味，在作品中大打情色、暴力、仇杀等擦边球，不断走向低俗。
难怪有人说，某些网络文学简直就是个别“上帝”握着作者的手写出来的“文学垃圾”、“精神糟粕”。
网络文学虽是商品，但又不是纯粹的商品，如此写作，短期内或能赢得少数读者，长期看却会丢失大部分读者。
而大神级作家，则应当承担起培养高雅读者的使命。
正如白烨所言，一般网络作者可能不得不去迁就读者，给自己赢得一定的名声与影响;但成为大神级作家后，就理当把领袖价值、引导作用体现出来。
一方面，这是爱惜自身“羽毛”之需要。
从身处底层、疯狂码字的文艺青年成长为塔尖的“网络大神”，非常不易—有报道称，1O万位作者中才会产生一位大神，能从众多人中脱颖而出，一定得有自己独特之处，千万勿在粉丝迷恋中迷失。
2016-2017学年度第二学期期末试卷新
2016~2017学年度第二学期期末试卷七年级生物本试卷满分100分，生物地理合考100分钟命题：何红艳校对：何红艳一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题2分，共40分）1．人的精子与卵细胞结合成受精卵和胚胎发育的部位分别是（）A．输卵管、子宫B．卵巢、子宫C．子宫、输卵管D．输卵管、输卵管2．下列营养物质中，不需消化就能被直接吸收的是（）A．蛋白质、无机盐、维生素B．水、无机盐、纤维素C．水、无机盐、维生素D．无机盐、维生素、脂肪3．小强经常皮下、牙龈出血，他应该多吃下列哪种食物最好（）A．新鲜蔬菜和水果B．鱼和瘦肉C．牛奶和豆浆D．鸡蛋和牛奶4．我们四肢上的“青筋”是静脉，下面不属于静脉结构和功能特点的是（）A．压力较低，血流速度较慢B．管壁较薄，弹性较小C．有防止血液倒流的瓣膜D．把血液从心脏送到身体各部分5.某人手指不慎划破出血，血液中与止血和避免发炎有关的是（）A.血小板、血浆B.血小板、白细胞C.红细胞、血浆D.白细胞、血浆6．因激素分泌异常而引起的一组疾病是( ).A．糖尿病和佝偻病B．坏血病和侏儒症C．糖尿病和巨人症D．大脖子病和脚气病7．一粒花生种子在酒精灯上充分燃烧后，剩下的灰白色的物质是（）A. 蛋白质B. 无机盐C. 糖类D. 脂肪8．俗话说“食不言，寝不语”。
其实，吃饭时不能大声谈笑是有科学道理的，原因是（）A．流经消化器官的血流量减少B．唾液腺分泌唾液的量较少C．食物容易由咽误入气管D．有利于保护声带9．如图为肺泡里的气体交换示意图，下列说法正确的是（）A. ①为氧气B. ①为二氧化碳C. 甲处流的是动脉血D. 乙为肺动脉10．下列说法错误的是（）A. 体温是指人体体表的温度B.直肠的温度最接近人体的体温C.人体产生的能量用于维持体温和人体的各项生命活动D.一定限度内的发热对人体是有利的11．小华和同学们跳绳，20秒钟内她的脉搏为44次，则她的心率为( )A.75次/分B.88次/分C.120次/分D.132次/分12.动脉血变成静脉血的部位是（）A.左心室B.手部毛细血管C.肺泡外的毛细血管D.肺动脉13.肾的结构和功能的基本单位是（）A.肾小囊B.肾小管C.肾小球D.肾单位14．某人成年时，身材矮小，智力低下，很可能是幼年时哪种激素所致？（）A．胰岛素B．性激素C．甲状腺激素D．生长激素15．如右图表示模拟膈肌运动的实验，对该实验的描述错误（）A.甲表示呼气B.乙表示吸气C.①代表的器官能使到达②的气体变得清洁D.处于乙时，③表示的结构处于舒张状态16．某同学玩耍时不小心划破了皮肤，他感到疼痛，这种感觉主要是由于皮肤中分布有哪些组织（）A．神经组织B．肌肉组织C．结缔组织D．上皮组织17.人眼能够看到远近不同的物体，主要是靠什么调节（）A.瞳孔B.视网膜C.玻璃体D.晶状体18．有人看到别人吃酸杏时，自己也会分泌唾液，这是一种反射现象。
2016~2017学年度下学期期末考
2016～2017学年度下学期期末考高二物理科试卷本试卷考试内容为：选修3-2、选修3-5．分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题），共4页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟．注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题纸上．2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题纸上，在本试卷上答题无效．按照题号在各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效．3．答案使用0．5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚．4．保持答题纸纸面清洁，不破损．考试结束后，将本试卷自行保存，答题纸交回．第I卷（选择题共48分）一．选择题(本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分．每小题给出的四个选项中，1-8小题只有一个选项正确，9-12小题有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分)1、下列核反应方程中，属于β衰变的是A．14 7N＋42He→17 8O＋11H B．238 92U→234 90Th＋42HeC．21H＋31H→42He＋10n D．234 90Th→234 91Pa＋0－1e2、如图所示的区域内有垂直于纸面的匀强磁场，磁感应强度为B。
电阻为R、半径为L、圆心角为45°的扇形闭合导线框绕垂直于纸面的O轴以角速度ω匀速转动（O轴位于磁场边界）。
则线框内产生的感应电流的有效值为（）A．B．C．D．3、质量相等的A、B两球在光滑水平面上，沿同一直线，同一方向运动，A球的动量P A=9kg•m/s，B球的动量P B=3kg•m/s．当A追上B时发生碰撞，则碰后A、B两球的动量可能值是A．P′A=5kg•m/s，P′B=6kg•m/s B．P′A=6kg•m/s， P B′=4kg•m/sC．P A′= -6kg•m/s，P B′=18kg•m/s D．P A′=4kg•m/s，P B′=8kg•m/s4、如图所示为氢原子的能级示意图，对于处于n=4激发态的一群氢原子来说，则A．由n=2跃迁到n=1时发出光子的能量最大B．由较高能级跃迁到较低能级，电子轨道半径减小，动能增大C．当氢原子自发向低能级跃迁时，可发出3种光谱线D．由n=4跃迁到n=1发出光子频率是n=4跃迁到n=2发出的光子频率的6倍5、如图所示，A、B、C是3个完全相同的灯泡，L是一个自感系数较大的线圈(直流电阻可忽略不计)．则A．S闭合时，A灯立即亮，然后逐渐熄灭B．S闭合时，B灯立即亮，然后逐渐熄灭C．电路接通稳定后，三个灯亮度相同 D．电路接通稳定后，S断开时，C灯立即熄灭6、A、B两球沿一直线发生正碰，如图所示的s-t图象记录了两球碰撞前后的运动情况，图中的a、b分别为碰撞前的位移图象．碰撞后两物体粘合在一起，c为碰撞后整体的位移图象．若A球的质量m A=2kg，则下列说法中正确的是A．B球的质量m B=1kg B．相碰时，B对A所施冲量大小为3N•SC．碰撞过程损失的动能为10J D．A、B碰前总动量为-3kg•m/s7、如图所示,有理想边界的直角三角形区域abc内部存在着两个大小相同但方向相反的、方向垂直纸面的匀强磁场,e是斜边ac上的中点,be是两个匀强磁场的理想分界线．现以b点为原点O,沿直角边bc作x轴,让在纸面内与abc形状完全相同的金属线框ABC的BC边处在x轴上,t=0时导线框C点恰好位于原点O的位置．让ABC沿x轴正方向以恒定的速度v穿过磁场,现规定逆时针方向为导线框中感应电流的正方向,在下列四个i-x图像中,能正确表示感应电流随线框位移变化关系的是8、自耦变压器铁芯上只绕有一个线圈，原、副线圈都只取该线圈的某部分．一个理想自耦调压变压器的电路如图所示，变压器线圈总匝数为2000匝，原线圈为600匝，副线圈匝数可调；原线圈串联一个阻值为r=4Ω电阻后接在有效值为220V的交流电源上，副线圈接阻值R=9Ω的负载．调节副线圈的匝数，当负载R上的功率最大时，副线圈的匝数为( )A．2000匝 B．1200匝 C．900匝 D．400匝9、某发电站采用高压输电向外输送电能．若输送的总功率为P 0，输电电压为U ，输电导线的总电阻为R 线．则下列说法正确的是( )A ．输电线上的电流I ＝U RB ．输电线上的电流I ＝P 0UC ．输电线上损失的功率P ＝（P 0U ）2·R 线D ．输电线上损失的功率P ＝U 2R 线10、如图所示，平行金属导轨和水平面成θ角，导轨与固定电阻R 1、R 2相连，匀强磁场垂直穿过导轨平面。
2016—2017学年度第二学期期末试卷
2016—2017学年度第二学期期末试卷2017．7试卷满分：140分考试时间：120分钟A卷满分90分第一部分I. 听力理解 (共三节, 满分22.5分)第一节: (共4小题; 每小题1.5分，满分6分)听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1. Which sport does the man prefer?A. Soccer.B. Basketball.C. Tennis.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. At the airpor t.B. At the shop.C. At the post office.3. What exam will the speakers study for?A. Math.B. History.C. Physics.4. When will the speakers have to be at the airport?A. At 9:15.B. At 10:15.C. At 12:15.第二节:（共6小题;每小题1.5分，满分9分）听下面3段对话。
每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。
5. Whose birthday is it this weekend?A. Lisa’s.B. Ted’s.C. Nathan’s.6. What activity will take place at the birthday party after playi ng games?A. A group talk.B. A pizza party.C. A movie night.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。
《大学英语》2016-2017学年第二学期期末考试A卷
D. to laugh
A. It is the reason.
B. That is why
8. We have got two TV sets, but we still can not watch
C. There is why
D. It is how
第 １ 页 （本套试卷共 3 页）
anything because____ work properly.
2. The word USA__________ United States of America.
3. We are__________ news of our brother, who lives away from home.
4. The children were not to___________.
A. to
B. in
Байду номын сангаас
19. --- Can I help you?
C. beyond
D. under
--- Well, I am afraid the box is ____heavy for you,
第 ２ 页 （本套试卷共 3 页）
but thank you all the same.
A. so
小题 2 分，共 20 分）
province still view as blame
afford look up to get by relax stand for hungry for
1. His Dad was a volunteer fireman, which was a dangerous job, so he__________ his Dad a lot.
2016-2017学年度下学期期末考试_7
2016-2017学年度下学期期末考试第I卷选择题（共100分）第—节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有1 0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who probably has the woman's pen now?A. Jack.B. Mr. Watson.C. John.2.What does the man like doing to relax?A. Watching TV.B. Going walking.C. Listening to music.3.What does the man mean?A. He is unable to give help.B. He will carry the boxes late r.C. He refuses to pay for boxes.4. Where will the woman probably go for her holiday?A. To South America.B. To Europe.C. To Africa.5. What do we know about the man?A. He has difficulty waking up.B. He likes collecting clocks.C. He gets up late everyday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
2016-2017学年度新课标人教版五年级语文下册期末测试卷及答案
2016-2017学年度新课标人教版五年级语文下册期末测试卷及答案2016-2017学年第二学期期末测试卷五年级语文试卷第一部分：基础知识积累与运用一、选出带点字的正确读音画“——”线。
阻挠（náozhàng）勉强（qiǎngqiǎng）厌恶（XXX’è）投奔（tóubèn）称心（chènxīn）倔强（juéjiàng）二、看拼音写词语xuànrányòu。
zhìdǎn。
qiāhào。
fēngkuàng。
(悬壶济世)。
(制胜棋)。
(洽谈)。
(风光)dùjìpáo。
xiào。
wǔrǔpòzhàn。
chóng。
jǐng。
(渡江而千)。
(哮天犬)。
(五入破竹)。
(虫鸣)三、下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是（），并按要求写词语。
A.垂头丧气、娓娓动听、目瞪口呆、巧舌如簧B.负荆请罪、完壁归赵、天衣无缝、声嘶力竭C.鞠躬尽瘁、赴汤蹈火、肝胆相照、愚公移山按要求写成语：AABB 垂头丧气、娓娓动听、垂头丧气、娓娓动听ABCC 负荆请罪、完壁归赵、天衣无缝、肝胆相照ABAC 鞠躬尽瘁、赴汤蹈火、负荆请罪、肝胆相照写出带“马”字成语：马到成功、马不停蹄、马马虎虎、马上功夫四、选择题1、把下列中不属于四大名著选出来（）。
A《史记》B《三国演义》C、《水浒传》D、《西游记》答案：A《史记》2、“小嘎子”是作家（）的儿童小说《小兵张嘎》中的主人公。
A、XXXB、XXXC、XXX答案：B、XXX3、《草船借箭》出自哪一部名著（）。
A、《西游记》B、《水浒传》C、《红楼梦》D《三国演义》答案：D《三国演义》4、《舟过安仁》是哪位诗人写的（）。
A、XXX、XXXC、XXX答案：B、XXX5、XXX是我国古典讽刺小说（）中的一个人物。
2016—2017学年度下学期期末测试
2016—2017学年度下学期期末测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Bayfield Shopping Coupons (赠券)1. Six Hours Free ParkingIf you spend $100 or more in our stores you will receive six ho urs of free parking. When you have spent $100 or more, just t ake this coupon and your receipts to the customer service des k on level 4. They will stamp your parking ticket to allow 6 hou rs of free parking.Offer until November 14.2. Win a $1,000 CD CollectionWin your choice of $1,000 worth of CDs from JB Music Store. Just buy any two CDs and your name will go into the competit ion. Select your own prize from our wide variety of rock, pop, jazz, and classical music.Competition ends November 14. Prize drawn on November 2 1.Check store for more information.3. Buy One, Get One FreeBuy one shirt or tie at Daniel’s Menswear, and get another shi rt or tie of the same value free.Choose from any of our dress shirts and we willgive you another one at no cost.Hurry! Offer ends November 14. Offer limited to one per custo mer.4. 10％ OffPresent this coupon at The Book Store to get a 10％discount on any books you buy.We have lots of books to choose from, including children’s bo oks, novels, travel guides, and science works. You are sure to find something that you will enjoy. Shop now for Christmas. We have plenty of toys as gifts for you and avoid the rush. Offer here until November 14.5. Half-price Movie TicketsBuy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you canbuy a second ticket for a friend for only half price. The latest movies are here, showing in one of our five theaters at Bayfiel d Shopping Center.Offer good through December 1. Limit one per customer.6. Free Soft DrinkBuy any meal for at least $6 at Mike’s Café, and receive a fre e soft drink. We serve the best fast food in the Shopping Cent re. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent serv ice. You won’t be disappointed! Free soft drink offer ends Nov ember 14.1. What are these ads for?A. Food you can order for delivery.B. Places to go on vacation.C. Things on sale in a big store.D. Special offers at a shopping center.2. Which of the following is true according to the ads?A. Spending $ 50 means 3 hours of free parking.B. One person can buy 4 tickets for the price of three.C. After buying two CDs, you can get another two CDs for fre e.D. At Mike’s Cafe, people can get a free drink after spending $ 6.3. We can know from this passage_________.A. there are more than one theatre in the centerB. if you buy a book there, you may pay less than half the pric eC. you may get a free one if you buy a shirt, or a tie, or a pair of shoesD. you won’t enjoy the wonderful service at Mike’s CaféBWith 10,600 bicycles in circulation, Paris city officials are hopi ng the program will provide people with more environmen tally friendly transportation.It seems both Parisians and tourists are taking advantage of t he program. Since its launch a little over two weeks ago, Velib has already seen almost half a million rentals. And, with the a ddition of 10,000 more bikes and 700 more stations in the nex t 12 months, city officials expect at least 200,000 regular user s by year end.Parisian Oliver Bioret has already gone for a spin on one of V elib’s vehicles and plans to make use of them more often. It’s a real pleasure —when, like me, you don’t have space enough in you flat to hav e your own bike—to be able to discover, to cross Paris and not have to take the subway,” he said.As a socialist and longtime green activist, Mayor Bertrand Del anoe regards Velib as just a part of his plan to reduce car traff ic and thus, lower pollution by 2020.Apart from its environmental benefits, Velib is also being prais ed as a way of collecting money for the city, for all the money from rentals goes to the city government.Paris is not alone in its attempt to profit from the power of the bicycles.Across theglobe, cities such as Barcelona, which stated its bike-share program in March with 1,500 vehicles and 100 stations, and New York, which launched a five-day trial program last month are using bicycles as a way to cu t back on both traffic and pollution.However, it remains to be seen whether people’s acceptance of these program is simply a passing fashion or whether this movement has the power to take root and transform the face of public transportation around the world.4. The real purpose of Velib is _______.A. to help people save money and spaceB. To make some money for the city governmentC. to provide convenience to both Parisians and touristsD. to reduce traffic and pollution in the city.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. There will be 700 stations in one year’s time.B. There will be over 20,000 bikes in use in a year.C. In the first two weeks there were nearly a million rentals.D. There will be 200,000 regular rentals each day by year end .6. We can know from the passage that _______.A. other cities also have such programsB. Parisians can use the bicycles free of chargeC. Paris sets an example to many other citiesD. Paris is the first city to start such a program.7. As to the future of the program, the author is _______.A. criticalB. optimisticC. uncertainD. negativeCPioneering front-row White House journalist Helen Thomas died at age 92 after a long illness. Thomas covered10 presidents over nearly half a century, and became a lege nd in the industry.She was always at White House news conferences — sitting f ront and center — where she frequently annoyed government spokesmen with her pointed questions.Thomas began covering the White House for United Press Int ernational when John F. Kennedy became president in 1961 and was a fixture there until her retirement in 2010.In a written statement, Obama called Thomas a “true pioneer” and said she kept the presidents she covered —including himself—on their toes.Thomas, the daughter of Lebanese immigrants, was born in Winchester, Kentucky on August 4,1920. She was one of nine children. Thomas was raised in Detroit, where she attended Wayne State University and graduated with a bachelor’s degr ee in 1942.In describing her job, Thomas once said, “I’ve never covered the president in any way other than that he is ultimately respo nsible.”Thomas embraced the freedoms of a columnist with vigor(活力). No question seemed off-limits for her. Colleagues remember her as a genuinely fearle ss woman who asked the toughest questions of presidents, no matter their party.In January 2009, as President George Bush was preparing to leave office, Thomas aimed her editorial guns at him and his administration. In a commentary, she slammed (抨击) Bush for what she considered his failings, including leadin g the country “into a senseless war against Iraqi a calamity stil l under way as he leaves office almost six years after the inva sion.” She considered him “the worst president ever”.8. According to the text , Helen Thomas was ______.A a wise politicianB a writing pioneerC a legendary journalistD a White House adviser9. The underlined word “fixture”in Paragraph 3 probably mean s _______.A an object firmly fixed in placeB a person regarded fixed in the same positionC someone to fix tricky problemsD a device to secure something somewhere10. What can we learn about Helen Thomas from the text?A. She covered 10 presidents over a period of 49 years.B. She often raised unreasonable questions.C. She was born and brought up in Lebanon.D. She was criticized by President Obama.How did Thomas comment on George Bush?A. He should be kept on his toes.B. He was forced to be responsible.C. He didn’t deserve to be president.D. He shouldn’t have started the Iraq War.DA survey has shown that what you do on a plane can be deter mined by which nationality is listed on your passport. According to the results of an international passenger survey, Australians are the biggest drinkers on boar d with 36 percent choosing to down the hatch(干杯), compared to 35 percent of Americans and 33 percent of Brits.The Airline Passenger Experience Association(APEX) spoke t o around 1,500 people, aged 18 and older, who have travelled by plane at least once during the last three months and were living in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japa n, China, Singapore, Australia and Brazil.The results found Chinese travelers are most likely to nod off once the seat-belt sign switches off. They are also the first to take out their c redit card for some in-flight shopping and the biggest fans of gaming. Americans on the other hand like to use their time in the air more productivel y—when not drinking—choosing to work while flying at 35,000 feet.Meanwhile, Brits and Germans are the best at making chat wi th random strangers—spending 50 percent more time than any other nationality. Co mparatively, Brazilians conduct their conversations online via email, messaging apps or social media.Despite plane food having a bad reputation, seven out of ten i nterviewees said they were happy to eat up on the selection o f in-flight snacks and meals. In-flight magazines were also popular with four out of five passe ngers.The international flyers did however express their desire for better in-flight entertainment. “The industry has greatly improved the co mfort, entertainment and on board service, and passengers ar e accepting those improvements” said Russell Lemieux, APE X executive director. “At the same time, passengers are dema nding more from their air travel experiences which will drive m ore improvements touching all aspects of the journey. ” he ad ded.12. What can you probably see in the flight according to the p assage?A. Brazilians choose to drink.B. Americans do in -flight shopping.C. Germans chat to kill the time.D. The Chinese s witch off the seat-belt sign.13. When on board the plane, ______.A. passengers from one nation have little in commonB. most passengers like to read in-flight magazinesC. more than half of the passengers don’t enjoy plane foodD. most people tend to use in-flight time to have a good sleep.14. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Flyers care little about entertainment.B. Flyers are not satisfied with the improvements.C. Flyers are expecting better flight experiences.D. Flyers have more and more demands from airlines.15. What’s the purpose of the passage?A. To entertain readers with interesting stories.B. To enc ourage people to behave well in public.C. To criticize impolite behaviors on the plane.D. To inform readers of the results of a survey.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016-2017学年第二学期无锡市宜兴市初一数学期末试卷(含答案)
2016-2017学年第二学期无锡市宜兴市初一数学期末试卷(含答案)2016-2017学年第二学期期末考试卷初一数学试题注意事项：1.本卷考试时间为100分钟，满分110分。
2.本试卷分试题和答题卷两部分，所有答案一律写在答题卷上。
3.卷中除要求近似计算的按要求给出近似结果外，其余结果均应给出精确结果。
一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。
在每小题所给出的四个选项中，只有一项是正确的，请用2B 铅笔将正确答案的代号字母的标号涂黑）1.下列运算正确的是（▲）A。
2x+3x=5xB。
2x×3x=6xC。
2x÷x=2D。
(2x)²=2x²2.若a<1，则下列不等式不成立的是（▲）A。
a+2<a+3B。
2a<3aC。
2-a<3-aD。
3a<2a+13.下列各图中，正确画出AC边上的高的是（▲）A。
B。
C。
D。
4.如图，在四边形ABCD中，要得到AB∥CD，只需要添加一个条件，这个条件可以是（▲）A。
∠1=∠3B。
∠2=∠4C。
∠B=∠DD。
∠1+∠2+∠B=180°5.我国古代数学名著《孙子算经》中记载了一道题，大意是：有100匹马恰好拉了100片瓦，已知1匹大马能拉3片瓦，3匹小马能拉1片瓦，问有多少匹大马、多少匹小马？若设大马有x匹，小马有y匹，那么可列方程组为（▲）x+y=1003x+y=100A。
B。
x+y=100x+3y=100C。
3x+3y=100x+y=100D。
3x+y=100x+3y=1006.若x-3y-5=2.则6y-2x-6的值为（▲）A。
4B。
-4C。
16D。
-167.给出下列4个命题：①同旁内角互补，两直线平行；②若|a|=|b|，则a=b；③直角都相等；④对顶角相等。
它们的逆命题是真命题的个数是（▲）A。
1个B。
2个C。
3个D。
4个8.运行程序如图所示，规定：从“输入一个值x”到“结果是否＞95”为一次程序操作，如果程序操作进行了三次才停止，那么x的取值范围是（▲）A。
2016—2017学年度第二学期期末考试
2016—2017学年度第二学期期末考试第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出最佳选项。
(A)Once I spoke at a high school. After the speech, I was aske d to see a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him. I agreed.He was Matthew. When he was born, the doctor told his par ents that he would not live to see five, and then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal weightlifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles an d going for my dreams.I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain. He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he kne w what he was talking about. He just talked about his hopes for the future,and how one day he wanted to lift weight with me .When we finished talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would. He looked at it f or a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He sai d , “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday w hen I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you. ”Last summer I got the news that Matthew had passed away a nd a letter Matthew had written me a few days before :Dear Rick,My mom said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. The doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any more. But I still smile as much as I can.I told you some day I was going to the Olympics and win a g old medal. But I know now I will never make it. But I know I a m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heave n, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will s how it to you.Thank you for loving me.Your friend,MatthewThe boy wished to meet the author because__________.A. he admired the author very muchB. he wished to take part in the OlympicsC. he hoped to make friends with the authorD. he enjo yed going in for weightlifting2. Which of the statements is TRUE?A. Matthew was good at weightlifting.B. Rick had the similar disease as a child.C. Matthew remained optimistic in the face of disease.D. Rick encouraged the boy to become a champion.Why did the boy refuse the author’s medal?A. He thought he was not worthy of it.B. Rick looked on the medal as treasure.C. The gold medal was very dear to Rick.D. He didn’t want to be pitied by others.What can be inferred from Matthew’ letter?A. Rick was unhappy before death.B. Rick kept in to uch with Matthew.C. Matthew sent some pictures to Rick.D. Matthew gotan Olympic gold medal.If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. Accordi ng to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuou s workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.Scientists in have been studying over 1,000 joggers and n on-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group i ndicate that people who jog at a moderate(适度的) pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are the least likely to die. T he best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hou r. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the sa me rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous ex ercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉). Over time, this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr, researcher in , said, “If your goal is to decre ase the risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a fe w times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anythi ng more is not only unnecessary, but it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as Tai Chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than triathlons(三项全能). According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher invo lved in the study, “You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.”5.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest i n meaning to .A. hardB. regularC. practicalD. flexible6.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 toA.suggest giving up joggingB.show risks of doing s portsC. provide supportive evidenceD. introduce the research p rocess7.What can be inferred from the text?A.No exercise at all is the best choice.B.More exerc ise means a healthier life.C.Marathon runners are the least likely to die.D.Proper exercise contributes to good health.(C)Fun Tools Shown at CES 2016CES2016 has plenty of practical and fun tools on show. He re are four of them.CHiP Robotic DogBy using artificial intelligence, CHiP can adapt as you play with them. He can recognize you, respond to commands, and play fetch and soccer. You can even use an app on your mobi le device to teach him tricks. Think of him as a playful pet that you won’t have to clean up after.CHiP will retail for $200, be available this week online.Belty Good Vibes Smart BeltBasically, a fitness tracker built into a belt, Belty also acts as your personal fitness friend that offers you personalized fit ness advice. It will encourage you to increase your walking pa ce, sit up straight, drink more water and even help you relax w ith breathing exercise. And, of course, style is everything so B elty comes with a high-quality leather band.Belty will retail for $395 and be available by the end of the year.Sensorwake Alarm ClockThere are all sorts of smart alarm clocks, from the Clocky t hat runs to get you up to the Philips Wake-up Light that wakes you with a sunrise-like light. But this is the first alarm that uses smells-the smells of coffee, bread, chocolate, or even the smells of th e seaside. Changeable capsules let you switch smells.Sensorwake will retail for $110 and be available in June. Hydrao Smart ShowerheadWhether you want to conserve water or lower your monthly bill, Hydrao is the answer. This smart showerhead lights up in different colors to show how much water you’ve used. Best of all, Hydrao is powered entirely by the water running through it . The company claims the original Hydrao---released in 2014---reduced water usage by 25%, and will launch a new generatio n.Hydrao is expected to retail for $100 and be available earl y next year.Which tool is available to consumers in the shortest time?A. Hydrao Smart ShowerheadB. Sensorwake Alarm ClockC. CHip Robotic DogD. Belty Good Vibes Smart BeltHow much is the tool designed for personal health manageme nt?A. $100 B$110 C.$200 D. $39510. What does the Sensorwake alarm Clock use to wake user s up?A. Fast movement.B. Pleasant smells.C. Sunrise-like lights.D. Changeable sounds.What is the main function of the Hydrao Smart Showerhead?A.To reduce water consumption.B. To adapt shower t emperature.C. To recycle water at home.D. To keep records of water usage.（D）A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him around. Thinking nothing of it，he ignored her and continued on. Finally，he went to the checkout line，but she got in front of him.“Pardon me，”she said，“I’m sorry if my staring at you has made you feel uncomfo rtable. It’s just that you look just like my son who just died rec ently.”“I’m very sorry，” replied the young man，“Is there anything I can do for you？”“Yes，”she said. “As I’m leaving，can you say‘Goodbye mother’？ It would make me feel much better.”“Sure，”answered the young man.As the old woman was leaving the counter（收银台），he called out from behind her，“Goodbye mother！”As he stepped up to the checkout counte r and put what he bought on the counter，he saw that his total was $127.50.“How can that be？”he asked，“I only bought a few things！”“Your mother said that you would pay for her，”said the cl erk.12. The underlined word“ignored”most probably means_____ __.A. to refuse to pay attention toB. to put on a smile atC. to watch out forD. to look down upon13. Which of the following is the right order of the events in the story?a. The man said “Goodbye mother!”b. The woman left t he supermarket.c. The woman spoke to the man.d. The man came to the counter.e. The woman got in front of the man.f. The woman follo wed the man.A. e, f, c, b, a, dB. c, e, f, a, b, dC. f, e, c, a, b, dD. d, b, c, f, b, a14. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The man was fooled by the woman.B. The woman was too poor to pay for herself.C. The man didn’t pay for the woman.D. The man did n’t buy anything in the end.15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. An Unexpected Meeting at the SupermarketB. A Foo lish Young Man and His MotherC. A Total of $ 127.50 at the SupermarketD. A Mothe r and Her Son第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016～2017学年度第二学期期末考试试卷
2016～2017学年度第二学期期末考试试卷第一卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AArguing with your parents is totally natural for teens. From your hairstyle to your friends, to your marks at school, to your television habits, to your future plans, it might just seem like y ou argue with your parents about everything. While this is not generally a pleasant state of affairs, it is normal and it will mos t likely pass.Argue fairlyArguments between teens and parents generally come abo ut when both parties believe that they know what is best for th e teens. Parents have been caring for their teens for over a d ecade, but teens are quickly becoming adults and believe that they are able to take care of themselves. If you must argue w ith them, argue fairly by:● allowing each person to speak their mind.● refusing to interrupt others when they’re speaking.● sticking only to the topic at hand.Argue respectfullyNo matter how heated things may get during an argument, try to remember that your pare nts are still worthy of your attention, respect and love. During arguments, be respectful by:● keeping your voice lowered at all times and refusing to shou t.● staying calm. Avoiding angry actions such as kicking, throwi ng or hitting anything.● reasonably explaining the reasons for your opinions.There is a thin line between a discussion and an argument, b ut smart teens know that keeping their interactions(互动) with their parents at the discussion level practically guaran tees that they will be taken more seriously. No one likes to arg ue, and the parents can be very tired of it, so keeping things a t the discussion level will work to everyone’s advantage. Arguing with parents is practically a sign of the teenaged year s, but out-of-control arguments don’t serve anyone well. Before arguing with your parents, decide what type of teen you want to be and what compromises you are willing to make in order to achieve your goals.1. This text mainly tells teens__________.A. how to avoid arguing with parentsB. some tips on arguing with parentsC. arguing with parents may hurt themD. arguments don’t solve any problem2. What are the teenagers advised to do when arguing with th eir parents?A. Make up your mind not to give in.B. Express yourself throu gh actions.C. Show your respect for them.D. Interrupt them if necessary.3. The author seems to think that teens’ arguing with parents i s__________.A. naturalB. specialC. shamefulD. impolite4. The text is most likely intended for__________.A. parentsB. teenagersC. teachersD. friendsBCamp A: Boys Only – Overnight CampCamp Address:10000 Kawaga Road, Minocqua, Wisconsin54548, USAPhone: (715) 356-6262Well rounded and active overnight camp for 200 boys in no rthern WI. 4 or 8 weeks for boys 7-16. 1 or 2 weeks option available. Lots of activities with the fre edom for our campers to choose from. This is the first Midwes t overnight camp.Camp B: Both Boys’ and Girls’ Camps – Day and Overnight CampCamp Address: Box 25050, Phila, Pennsylvanis 19147, US APhone: (610) 668-7676Day and overnight basketball camps for boys and girls. Tea ching camps with an emphasis on fundamentals and skill dev elopment. Not overly competitive. Guest speakers include Six ers players and coaches and other NBA stars.Camp C: Both Boys’ and Girls’ Camps – Overnight Camp Camp Address: Catter de Balmes, 92, Barcelona, SpainPhone:（+34）932456087Our main goal is to offer the best soccer experience that yo u ever have lived! Inside Spain soccer camps you will find uni que programs designed especially for you.Camp D: Both Boys’ and Girls’ Camps – Day CampCamp Address:1183 Bighorn Ave, Arkdale, Wisconsin 546 13, USAPhone: (608) 778-5551Bighorn Ranch offers 1/2 day and full Day Camp opportunit ies for horse crazy kids who want to learn more about horsem anship. Our camps are about riding and taking care of a horse . We welcome kids aged 7 and up. You can view and print the Day Camp Registration Form here and send it to us or email to bidhornranch@ .5.Those who want to ride a horse should dial ______.A. (715) 356-6262B. (610) 668-7676 C. (+34) 932456087 D. (608) 778-55516.What do we learn about the camps from the text?A.There are three camps fit for boys and girls.B. Bighorn Ranch welcomes kids aged 7 only.C. A girl aged 9 can stay 8 weeks in Camp A.D. All the camps belong to Overnight Camp.7.Which camp will you choose if you want to meet basketball players?A. Camp A.B. Camp B.C. Camp C.D. Camp D.8. What type of writing is this text?A. An advertisement.B. An announcement.C. A news repo rt.D. An exhibition guide.CYou must have already heard of the Hindi film Let’s Wrestle , Dad these days. Its popularity is creating history in China. Dangal (or Let’s Wrestle, Dad) has reached the top of the Chi nese box office（票房）, in a first for Indian cinema. By Wednesday afternoon, th e biographical film on an Indian wrestler who prepared his da ughters for world-class competitions, had made 491 million yuan ($71.26 million ), pushing Hollywood’s Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 to the second place.The 2016 Hindi film was released（发行）on the Chinese mainland on May 5. Of the dozen or so Indian films shown in the past decade, only two or three made notic eable box-office gains in the country. Now playing by its Chinese title Sh uaijiao Ba, Baba (Let’s Wrestle, Dad) on more than 10,000 sc reens in the country, the film was first shown on about 7,000. Set in northern India’s Haryana state, the film follows the jo urney of Mahavir Singh Phogat. He was once a young wrestler whose sports career was truncated under parental pressure. And he had to give up wrestling. Now as an overweight，aging father, he trained his eldest daughter to win gold for Indi a in the 2010 Commonwealth Games. During the period, they overcame all kinds of difficulties.The world famous Bollywood star Aamir Khan plays the main role of Dad. Before the film was released, Aamir Khan made a three-city tour to help promote the film. Besides, his China outreach through an account (描述)on Sina Weibo, which is China’s Twitter-like platform, has also helped a lot.The film may have also raised audience expectations of films from Bollywood in China.9. The underlined word “truncated” in Paragraph 4 probably m eans “________”.A. shortenedB. lengthenedC. enrichedD. im proved10. Which of the following words best describes Dad?A. Foolish.B. Ambitious.C. Impatient.D. Generous.11. What do we know about the film Let’s Wrestle, Dad?A. It is a very famous film from Hollywood.B. It was set in southern India’s Haryana state.C. It is a success both in box office and popularity.D. It is the only Indian film to make a lot of money.DThe world is filled with smart, educated and gifted people. We meet them every day. A few days ago，my car was not running well. I pulled it into a garage and the y oung mechanic(技工) fixed it in just a few minutes. He knew what was wrong by simply listening to the engine sound. I was amazed. The sad t ruth is that great talent is not enough.I am so often shocked at how little talented people earn. I h eard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than $100,000 a year. A business advisor who specializ es（专门研究）in the medical trade told me many doctors struggle financially （挣扎于财务）. He gave me the phrase，“They are one skill away from great wealth.” This phrase mea ns that most people need only to learn one more skill and their income will increase greatly.However, most workers “live within their means”: they workand they pay the bills. I suggest that young people find work f or what they will learn，more than what they will earn. In my opinion, financial intellige nce is important.When I ask the classes I teach，“How many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDona ld’s？” almost all the students raise their hands. I then ask，“So if most of you can cook a better hamburger，how come McDonald’s makes more money than you？” The a nswer is obvious: McDonald’s is excellent at business system s. The world is filled with talented poor people. They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather th an the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.12. The author mentions the mechanic in the first paragraph t o show that__________.A. he is ready to help othersB. he has a sharp sense of h earingC. he knows little about car repairingD. he is just one of the talented people13.The underlined part in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced b y “__________”.A. do in their own wayB. live in their own circleC. spend within what they earnD. pay more than the y can earn14. Why do talented people earn so little according to the auth or?A. They don’t use their talents.B. They don’t work hard enou gh.C. They have no specialized skills.D. They lack financial int elligence.15. The main purpose of the author is to tell us__________.A. how McDonald’s makes much moneyB. why so many talented people are poorC. what schools should teach about financeD. how young people can find a satisfactory job第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016-2017学年下学期期末考
2016-2017学年下学期期末考（考试时间：120分钟总分：150分）第Ⅰ卷(共100分请涂在答题卡上)第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B1. Where did the woman leave her hat?A. In a taxi.B. In a restaurant.C. I n a car.2. What is the local time right now?A. 7：15.B. 11：15. C. 9:15.3. What are the speakers discussing?A. Whether to go to .B. What to do in .C. How to go to .4. Why is the girl upset?A. Her family is about to leave.B. Her mother is out of work.C. She has no friends now.5. What was the weather like in the Lake District on holiday?A. Snowy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段材料。
每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2016—2017学年度下学期期末考试_1
2016—2017学年度下学期期末考试本试题分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，只交答题纸和答题卡，试题自己保留。
本试卷共150分，时间为120分钟。
第I卷注意事项1．答题前，考生在答题纸和答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的班级、姓名、考号填写清楚。
请认真核准考号、姓名和科目。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分；听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所給的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
What does the man think of the film ?A. It’s exciting .B. It’s boring.C. It’s disappointing.2. What will the woman probably do ?A. Go for a drink.B. Go to workC. Do homework.3. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and studentB. ClassmatesC. Mum and son.4. When is the man’s father’s birthday?A. May 1 stB. May 2 nd.C. May 3 rd.5. What are they talking about ?A. The radio report.B. The traffic.C. The freeway.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5）听下面5段对话或独白。
2016～2017学年度第二学期期末考试试题
2016～2017学年度第二学期期末考试试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)。
考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上。
本试卷满分120分，考试时间110分钟。
考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共85分）第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AI was eighteen years old, fresh out of high school with a bright future to look forward to, when I received the "big" news that I got cancer. This was a big deal for someone of my age to sta nd. What should I do? Lost in self pity or fight for myself? I ch ose the second.After four months of treatments, I overcame my difficulties an d started to be a newperson—someone who took nothing for granted and who learned to ap preciate everything and everyone around me. Years passed a nd I received my certificate (证书) in medical assisting,met a wonderful man, moved to New York and got married. Truly, life couldn't have been any better .For years, I had always kept in touch with St.Jude Children's Hospital in Memphis, TN and the children living with cancer w ho were being treated there. What a truly beautiful place! No patient was ever turned away regardless of ability to pay. As my 20-year anniversary (纪念日) of being a cancer survivor approached, I wanted to do so mething special. I organized a fund raiser, calling it "A Mission of Love," and thanks to my generous family and friends,raise d $4,000 for St. Jude's. Three quarters of the money would be given as a donation (捐献) to the hospital, and what was left would go toward buying t oys for the children. I also had organized a T-shirt painting activity for the hospital.My husband and I flew to Memphis with 50 T-shirts and a huge bag of cloth paint the day before Thanksgivi ng. We went to the toy store and filled three shopping carts wi th all kinds of toys. It was as though we were celebrities when the employees and other shoppers knew what we were doing .On Thanksgiving Day we pulled into the front gate of St.Jude.After dropping the toys off, we went to a waiting area where s ome children were waiting anxiously to begin painting. They pi cked out their shirts and my husband and I helped them get st arted. To see them smile was one of the greatest gifts I could have ever received. When the activity was over, we dropped off the donation to a kind worker, and our visit came to an end .1. How did the writer feel when she was told she had cancer?A. She thought it was unfair for a girl of her age to experience so much.B. She was shocked but decided to fight the disease bravely.C. She felt that her promising future would be ruined for ever.D. She was hopeless about her disease and accepted the fact .2. What did the writer get from the cancer?A. A different attitude toward life.B. A certificate in medica l assisting.C. A wonderful marriage and family.D. A chance to test herself.3. How did people in the toy store react to the writer and her h usband's behavior?A. They thought highly of them and their behavior.B. They thought some celebrities entered the store.C. They wondered why they bought so many toys.D. They mistook them for workers in the hospital.4. From the text we can infer ______ .A. the writer went back to St.Jude Children's Hospital at heranniversary.B. the writer prepared carefully for her visit to St.Jude Childre n's Hospital.C. the writer organized a fund raiser to thank St.Jude Children 's Hospital.D. the writer had a quite rich family.BDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painf ul? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labour through your work, you ma y say that you’re“hot”.That’s true. The time of day when you f eel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people that peak comes d uring the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or ev ening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to su ch familiar monologues （自言自语）as “Get up , John ! You’ll be late for work again !” The possibl e explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends whe n husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean , and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can make your li fe fit it better. Habit can help. Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe yo u’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyw ay. Counteract （打乱）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than y ou want to . If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle , but you’ll get up steam a nd work better at your low point .Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with ayawn （呵欠）and stretch . Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before puttin g your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever p ossible, do routine （常规的）work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy fo r your sharper hours .5. Which of the following causes family quarrels?A. Familiar monologues.B. Not knowing each other’s energy cycle.C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D. Attempts to control the energy of other family members6. If you want to work better at your low point in the morning, you should .A. change your energy cycleB. overcome your lazin essC. go to bed earlierD. get up early than usual7. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will .A. keep your energy cycle under control all dayB. help to keep your energy for the day’s workC. help you to control your temper early in the dayD. enable you to get your energy on your routine work8. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Change Your HabitsB. Save Your EnergyC. Temperature—and—Energy PeakD. Daily Energy CycleCDo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life?If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then yo u’ll make it!Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)Place: ManchesterHours: Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with lear ning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don’t mis s the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspec ts of their daily lives. You will help them todevelop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights a nd their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know t hey are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You wi ll be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English sinc e you’ll have to help those people with different learning disab ilities. Previous care-relatedexperience will be a great advantage for you.9. What does the underlined part “you’ll make it!” mean?A. You’ll make others’ lives more meaningful with this job.B. You’ll arrive home just in time from this job.C. You’ll earn a good salary from this job.D. You’ll succeed in getting this job.10. The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.A. to get some financial supportB. to properly protect themselvesC. to learn some new living skillsD. to realize their own importance11. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B. The one who has done similar work before.C. The one who has patience to listen to others.D. The one who can use English to communicate.DBeijing has started a battle to get rid of “Chinglish” (Chinese E nglish). The “Language mandarins” of Beijing have decided th at Chinglish is a disease for China’s modernizing claim and m ust be obliterated before the city hosts the Winter Olympic Ga mes in 2022.A road sign on the Avenue of Eternal Peace （Chang’an Stre et）, for example, advised: “To Take Notice of Safe; The Slip pery are Very Crafty,” a warning that the sidewalk was slipper y. Another sign in a Beijing park reads: “Little grass is smiling slightly, please walk on sidewalk “.Li Honghai, the city official in charge of the battle, said, “Lingui stic perfection (语言美) is becoming increasingly important with the rise in the nu mber of the foreigners flowing into the city .”However, not everyone shares the disdain （蔑视）of the Beijing government for the mixed language. “The choic e of words is pretty much. One can either choose the verbs, a dverbs, nouns or whatever one likes,” explained one Hong Ko ng linguist on an Internet website.So many examples exist that several Internet sites have been set up to collect Chinglish phrases. Many come from English instructions on packages such as a candle marked with “Keep this candle out of children” and a model boat -- curiously named Posh Sailboat -- which means “Please don’t place it in dusty play.”If the battle against Chinglish is successful, Chinese will also t urn their attention to the English-language versions of newspapers, which play an even more i mportant role in teaching right English.12. The underlined word “obliterated” refers to .A. beautifiedB. exploitedC. translatedD. remov ed13. From the passage, we know that .A. Chinglish usually communicates in many casesB. everyone shares the disdain for the mixed languageC. all the people don’t share the disdain for the mixed languagD. several Internet sites have been set up to clear the Chingli sh phrases14. We can infer that the English-language versions of newspapers .A.should collect more Chinglish phrasesB. should report the battle aboveC. should be paid more attention toD.should be in d uty to teach normal English15. Which of the following signs is Chinglish?Keep off the grass,please.Watch your step.Slippery sidewalk.A BNo smoking,please.Tourists do notenter.C D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。
天津市部分区2016-2017学年七年级下学期期末考试语文试题
天津市部分区2016-2017学年七年级下学期期末考试语文试题天津市部分区2016-2017学年度第二学期期末考试七年级语文温馨提示：使用答题卡分区，学生作答时请将答案写在答题卡上，不使用答题卡的区，学生作答时请将答案写在试卷上。
本试卷分为第一卷（选择题）第二卷两部分，第一卷为第一页至第四页，第二卷为第五页至第十二页。
试卷满分100分，考试时间为120分钟。
第一卷一、（本大题共11小题，每小题2分，共22分）下面每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个最符合题意，请将其答案标号填写在下表里。
题号1答案1.下面各组词语加点字的注音，完全正确的一项是（）A.累赘（léi）驿路（yì）颠沛流离（diàn）．．．B.修葺（róng）契约（qì）悲天悯人（mǐn）．．．C.迸溅（bèng）猥琐（wéi）忍俊不禁（jìn）．．．D.吞噬（shì）俯瞰（kàn）屏息凝神（bǐng）．．．2.下列各组词语，书写完全正确的是（）A奠基深筱锋芒必露B.姹异嗥鸣大庭广众C.疲塌自持诲人不倦D.烧灼XXX忧心忡忡3.依次填入下面句子横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是（）每一条河流都是一曲陈腐的赞歌，唱出了远古文明的________________，从未看过翻滚的巨浪的人，难以想象万马奔腾、一泻千里的壮丽景象。
让我们迈开脚步，打开_______________，投入大自然的___________。
A.光芒心曲怀抱B.辉煌心扉怀抱C.光芒心扉情怀D.辉煌心曲情怀4.下列句子中没有语病的一项为哪一项（）A.读者深受喜欢的XXX先生，不凡的一生中，留下了大量文风质朴，寓意深刻的作品。
B.是否具有精益求精的“工匠精神”，是中国制造业走出国门，走向世界的前提条件C.XXX 举办的“汉字听写大赛”，使人们重拾汉字之美，越发珍惜纸质时代的美好 D.有人建议，一旦遇到雾霾天气，可采取临时交通管制，错峰上班，停工停课5.下面句子中的标点符号，使用不正确的一项是（）A.“现在请皇上脱下衣服”两个骗子说“好叫我们在这个大镜子面前为您换上新衣”B.本次国际大数据产业博览会，吸引了XXX，XXX，XXX·······众多品牌前来展览C.这首诗中所描述的秀丽迷人的景色到底是真实存在的，还是诗人虚构的呢？D.做了再说，做了不说，这仅是XXX先生的一个方面,-----------作为学者的方面6.下面对诗句的赏析，不恰当的一项为哪一项（）XXX赴戎机，XXX这句诗夸张地描写了木兰身跨战马，万里迢迢，奔赴战场，飞越一道道关口，一座座高山的雄姿B.造化XXX，阴阳割昏晓这句诗中的“阴阳”分别是指山前向日的一面和山后背日的一面，整句诗突出泰山的高大，在同一时间，山南山北明暗不同，判若昏晓。
2016-2017学年天津市部分区七年级下学期期末考试数学试题(图片版含答案)
天津市部分区2016～2017学年度第二学期期末考试七年级数学试卷参考答案及评分标准一、选择题：（每小题3分，共36分）二、填空题：（每小题3分，共18分）13．125;3x -≥ 14．49； 15．四； 16．225； 17．8； 18．115°.三、解答题：（46分）19．（1）原式=5-6+（-2）-1 ……………………………………… 1分 =5-6-2-1 ……………………………………… 2分 =-4 ……………………………………… 3分 （2）原式=-4÷2+9×1 ……………………………………… 1分 =-2+9 ……………………………………… 2分 =7 ……………………………………… 3分 20．（1）4(1)2318(2)x y x y -=⎧⎨+=⎩ （1）×2，得 228x y -= （3） ……………………… 1分 (2)-(3) 得 510y =2y = ………………………… 2分 把2y=代入（1）得，24x -=6x = ………………………… 3分 所以，原方程组的解是62x y =⎧⎨=⎩（2）原方程组化为 612(1)22(2)x y x y +=-⎧⎨-=⎩ …………… 1分 （1）×2，得 21224x y +=- （3） （3）-（2）得 1326y =-题 号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答 案BBCDCBCADBAD2y =- …………………… 2分 把2y =-代入（1）得 6(2)12x +⨯-=-0x = ……… 3分 所以原方程组的解是02x y =⎧⎨=-⎩ 21．解：（1）6310225x x x +-≤-- ………………………… 1分 6102253x x x -+≤-- 26x -≤-3x ≥ ………………………… 2分数轴完全正确 ………… 3分（2） 31(1)23231(2)xx x ⎧->-⎪⎨⎪-≥⎩不等式（1）的解集为：3x >-不等式（2）的解集为：2x ≤ ………… 1分 所以不等式组的解集为：32x -<≤ ………… 2分 数轴完全正确 ………… 3分22．解：∵ 37>4×5∴ 37元可购买的商品一定超过4件 (无此步骤不扣分) 设可以购买该商品x 件 ………………………… 1分 根据题意，得 45(4)50.837x ⨯+-⨯⨯≤ ………… 4分 2041637x +-≤ 433x ≤184x ≤ …………………… 5分所以最多可购买该商品8件. ………………………… 6分23．证明：∵∠1=∠2∴DE∥AC ………………………… 2分∴∠E+∠ABE=180°………………………… 3分又∵ AD∥BE∴∠A+∠ABE=180°………………………… 5分∴∠A=∠E ………………………… 6分24．解：（1）设1个大餐厅可供x名学生就餐，1个小餐厅可供y名学生就餐根据题意，得323160232640x yx y+=⎧⎨+=⎩………………………… 4分解这个方程组得：840320xy=⎧⎨=⎩………………………… 6分所以，1个大餐厅可供840名学生就餐，1个小餐厅可供320名学生就餐.（2）因为840×7+320×3=6840>6500 ………………………… 7分所以，如果同时开放10个餐厅，能够供全校的6500名学生就餐. … 8分25. 解：（1）该校抽样调查的学生人数为：4+8+10+18+10=50（人）……… 1分（2）由图1可知，本次抽样调查中，最喜欢足球活动的人数为10人.… 2分最喜欢足球活动占被调查人数的百分比是：10100%=20%50⨯…… 3分（3）根据图2可知，九年级学生占全校学生的百分比是1-42%-38%=20%……… 4分全校学生人数为：180÷20%=900（人）……………………… 6分因为最喜欢篮球活动占被调查人数的百分比为18100%=36%50⨯……… 7分所以全校学生中最喜欢篮球活动的人数为900×36%=324（人）……… 8分（说明：解答题用其他方法解，只要合理，请参照评分标准酌情给分）11。
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2016-2017学年下期期末考试试卷高一语文第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（３５分）（一）论述类文本阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
戏剧和小说一样，在当代人的探索和实验中，出现过淡化情节、不要故事的倾向，但在中外文学史和戏剧史上似乎很难找到没有故事和情节的伟大小说和经典戏剧。
英国小说家佛斯特曾强调“小说是说故事”，王国维曾断言：“戏曲者，谓以歌舞演故事也。
”高尔基说：“对戏剧的基本要：戏剧应该是现实的、有情节的、充满着行动的。
”小说、戏剧同为叙事艺术，都是讲故事的艺术。
戏剧是由演员扮演人物在舞台上面对观众表演故事。
小说和戏剧的不同在于，小说是讲故事，戏剧是演故事。
而戏剧对于剧作家而言，还是讲故事，只是和小说家的讲述方式不同而已。
因此，当代剧作家虹光坚持：“戏剧需要讲故事。
”中外戏剧史上的经典戏剧讲述的故事，人们都耳熟能详。
《俄狄浦斯王》《哈姆莱特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《窦娥》《氏孤儿》《梁山伯与祝英台》《暗恋桃花源》……无不情节精彩、故事感人。
《雷雨》的经典性首先就体现在它的戏剧故事的经典性，虽然仅有精彩的故事情节并不足以使一出戏剧成为一部经典，但精彩的故事情节却是一部伟大的戏剧不可缺少的要素，是其成功的基础以及其具有顽强的舞台生命力的前提。
早在两千多年前，亚里士多德在《诗学》里第一次对悲剧进行理论性阐释和总结时曾把情节列为悲剧艺术的“六个成分”的首位，指出“情节乃悲剧的基础，有似悲剧的灵魂”。
亚里士多德是在考察了古希腊戏剧创作实践的基础上做出这样的判断的。
他举例说：“情节的安排，务求人们只听事件的发展，不必看表演，也能因那些事件的结果而感到惊心动魄，发生怜悯之情。
任何人听见《俄狄浦斯王》的情节，都会这样受感动。
”亚里士多德谈的是悲剧，但适合于不同体裁的戏剧，如喜剧和正剧。
亚里士多德在《诗学》里以将近三分之一的篇幅重点讨论的“情节”，指的是经过了布局和安排的故事情节，实际上包含了我们今天所说的戏剧故事和戏剧结构。
故事情节在戏剧之中之所以重要，原因之一，是故事情节乃是剧组家观察生活、体验生活，并通过深入思考而有所发现和有所感悟后，进而在戏剧中呈现的或现实、或历史的人生状态。
戏剧是生活的反映，戏剧中的故事情节就是生活的缩影、人生的写照。
精妙的戏剧故事往往具有原创性，改编自历史或民间传说的戏剧经典往往能脱胎换骨、推出新，其故事情节能体现出创作者新的思考和发现，显示出创作者的智慧。
原因之二，故事情节是叙事艺术的戏剧能够立于舞台的基本骨架，没有精彩故事情节的戏剧，犹如身体羸弱的病人，既不能以健康的形象给人留下美好的印象，也不能有饱满旺盛的生命活力。
原因之三，故事情节既是剧作家反应生活、思考人生、拷问人性、探寻心灵的载体，更是戏剧能够吸引观众走进剧场，进而拨动观众的心弦，使之感动、沉思、悲伤、喜悦、激动、奋进的媒介。
一出没有精彩故事情节的戏剧，既难以集中再现人生的多变与精彩、人性的微妙与复杂，也难以将观众吸引进剧场并让观众在剧场屏息静气观赏至剧终。
（摘选自胡德才《论<雷雨>故事与结构的经典性》）1.下列选项中的作品，不全符合文中划线句子观点的一项是（）A.王实甫的《西厢记》和巴尔扎克的《高老头》B.陆蠡的《囚绿记》和莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》C.吴承恩的《西游记》和笛福的《鲁宾逊漂流记》D.巴金的“激流三部曲”和雨果的《巴黎圣母院》2.下列关于原文容的表述，不正确的一项是A.当代人在戏剧和小说的创作过程中，有过倾向于淡化情节、不要故事的探索和实验，但这不太符合小说和戏剧的基本要求。
B.小说和戏剧都是讲故事的艺术，都离不开情节，例如中外戏剧史上的经典作品，往往有着精彩的情节、感人的故事。
C.亚里士多德说“情节乃悲剧的基础，有似悲剧的灵魂”，并把情节排在悲剧艺术的“六个成分”的首位，说明了他对情节的重视。
D.《诗学》用了不短的篇幅讨论“情节”并得出一些结论，虽然其针对的体裁是悲剧，但其结论同样适用于其它体裁的作品。
3.根据原文容，下列说法不正确的一项是（）A.精彩的故事情节，可以使人生和人性的丰富状况在戏剧中得到集中体现，也可以将观众吸引进剧场，并认真观赏整部戏剧。
B.故事情节是剧作家在戏剧中所呈现的或现实的或历史的人生状态，蕴含着剧作家的思考和发现，是生活的缩影和人生的写照。
C.故事情节对戏剧这一舞台艺术来说，具有基本骨架的重要意义，拥有了故事情节会将给人留下美好的印象，也会具有生命活力。
D.故事情节是一种载体和媒介，剧作家借助它反应生活、思考人生、拷问人性、探寻心灵，观众则被它引发多种情感体验。
（二）文学类文本阅读（14分）阅读下面的文字，完成4—6题。
那片竹林那棵树凌鼎年市报报道：《古庙镇发现特大灵芝》大意是古庙镇牌楼村村民周阿狗在周家竹园采到特大灵芝。
据专家测定，有上百年的历史。
在江南地区发现如此特大灵芝，实属罕见……市电视台报道：憨厚的周阿狗捧着那特大灵芝，向观众们介绍着发现特大灵芝的经过。
真所谓不看不知道，一看吓一跳，那特大灵芝竟有小脸盆大小，紫赤色，有光泽，犹如一个红木雕刻品。
娄城延天龄药房退休的老药工也说从未见过如此大的灵芝。
电视真是个好东西，把市报上语焉不详的新闻术语，全变成了可视画面—原来周阿狗是在那片竹园靠河边的一棵檀树上发现这灵芝的。
这棵檀树的树龄已不可考了，看样子，历史上这树曾遭雷劈，一半已枯死，歪斜在河面，一半已浸在水中，但倔犟的生命力仍支撑着它枯干上的几枝新绿。
也许正是这半死半活、又枯又荣、半干半湿的檀树，为灵芝生长提供了最佳产床。
据老辈人讲：周家是有根有基的人家，祖上显赫过好几代呢。
传说一：周家有功于皇上，据说就与灵芝有关。
当时皇上莫名中毒，百药无效，连太医也一筹莫展。
后来周家祖上进献采自周家竹园的一株百年灵芝，皇上服后，不久即康复如常。
于是龙颜大悦的皇上给周家祖上封官加爵，敕建牌楼。
一时皇恩浩荡，风光朝野。
传说二：太平天国时，周家组织民团拼死抵抗，以忠皇室。
结果，周家竹园尸横遍野，血红黑土。
此后，每逢阴雨天，周家竹园即阴风惨惨，乡民无人敢近前，以致周家竹园无形中成为禁地。
那片竹园自生自成，百余年来，几乎无人去惊动之。
传说三：据说古庙镇发现特大灵芝的消息在全国不下百家报刊转登。
这之后，有多位大款有意出巨资购买。
最言之凿凿的传闻有这样一则：一暴发户携一密码箱的百元大钞，专程前来古庙镇，准备一手交钱一手取货。
不料被一老板捷足先登，老板已在与周阿狗接触之中，最后两人互相竞价，最终因老板财大气粗，以20万元买走了这株特大灵芝。
传说四;那竞价失败的大款放出口风：谁能采到大灵芝，这带来的一箱百元大钞就归谁了。
市电视台报道的第二天：有两三个胆大的村民，带了手电、蛇药、镰刀等，拍足胆子，一步三看地进入周家竹园寻觅灵芝……市电视台报道后的第三天：大约有一二十个古庙乡乡民结伴深入周家竹园探宝，吸引了不少牌楼村看热闹的村民……此后，来周家竹园的人与日俱增，有当地的，有外地的，有来碰碰运气的;有采不到灵芝决不罢休的；有来瞧稀罕的，有来轧闹猛的。
进竹园的人像梳子似的把周家竹园来来回回梳了好几遍，那些刚冒头的竹笋被踩了个稀巴烂。
那棵默默无闻数百年的古老檀树，被人们上上下下，反反复复不知看了多少遍。
后来有人剥了它的树皮，说拿回去放家里，看看会不会生出灵芝。
这头一开，再也刹不住了，那檀树最后被连根刨起，不知去向。
后到的人大失所望，无名火全发到了那些无辜的竹子身上。
更有甚者，骂骂咧咧的说：“老子采不到灵芝，你们也休想在这儿再采到灵芝！”一时间，周家竹园的大树小树、老竹新竹一起遭殃……周阿狗悄悄来到电视台：一、要求把特大灵芝献给国家，万万不要宣传；二、恳求电视台播条消息，就说那灵芝是假的……电视台的编辑记者感到有责任帮助周阿狗，他们再次去周家竹园，拍摄了遭殃后的周家竹园。
播放员怀着沉痛的心情说：据专家们讲，周家竹园百年不可能再有灵芝生长，可惜可惜！周家竹园总算又复沉寂起来。
（节选自《金麻雀获奖作家文丛凌鼎年卷：那片竹林那棵树》，有删改）4.下列对小说相关容和艺术特色的分析和鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3分）A.小说采用报纸新闻、电视新闻、民间传说等多媒介混合表达的新颖形式，每一种形式讲述的故事都很完整，让人信服。
B.小说借助周家竹园这个舞台，通过描绘不同身份的人的表现，展现了社会的芸芸众生相，具有深刻的社会意义。
C.在市电视台对灵芝事件进行了不同的报道后，周家竹园先后出现热闹和沉寂两种状况，强烈的反差足以引发读者的思考。
D.小说描写暴发户和老板争买灵芝一事，用了“最言之凿凿”和“传闻”这样自相矛盾的语言，耐人寻味。
5.小说中的周阿狗是一个什么样的人？前后结合材料间要分仔。
（5分）答：6.你认为该小说蕴含了作者怎样的感情？请结合材料简要分析。
（6分）答：（三）实用类文本阅读（12分）阅读下面的文字完成7—9题。
鲁迅：由医学到文学光绪二十八年（1902）二月，鲁迅由江南督练公所派赴日本留学，这时他二十二岁。
他初入东京弘文馆（特为中国留学生设立的预备学校），便认识了许寿裳，他们都喜欢听章太炎的演讲。
到东京半年后剪掉了发辫，感故国的飘零，受异邦的刺激，于是，便很自然的接受了民族主义思想，立下了“我以我血荐轩辕”这一毕生都在实践的誓言。
这时候，在鲁迅对于科学和祖国的热爱里面，已经更深、更远地产生并统一了对国民性劣点的改造斗争。
他常常和许寿裳谈论三个问题：怎样的人性才是最理想的？中国国民性中最缺乏的是什么？它的病根何在？这表现他已通感到长期处于封建统治下的国民精神的麻木，并开始寻求改变它的方法。
他之后志愿学医，想从科学入手；继又从事文艺，不断对国民性劣点加以研究、揭发、攻击、肃清，主旨都重在解决这些问题。
光绪三十年（1904）八月，鲁迅在仙台的专门医学学校学习。
之所以学医，“原因之一，是因为我知道了新的医学对于日本的维新有很大的助力”“预备卒业回来，救治像我父亲似的被误的病人的疾苦，战争时候便去当军医，一面又促进了国人对于维新的信仰。
”此外，还有两个小原因，一是救济中国女人的小脚（许寿裳说），二是由于从小就有牙痛的难受（伏园说）。
但一影片偶然的刺激，成了中国文学史上的一个重大事件，鲁迅对此事曾有详细：因为从那一回以后，我便觉得医学并非一件紧要事，凡是愚弱的国民，即使体格如何健全，如何茁壮，也只能做毫无意义的示众的材料和看客，病死多少是不必以为不幸的。
所以我们的第一要著，是改变他们的精神，而善于改变精神的是，我那时以为当然要推文艺，于是想提倡文艺运动了。
1906年春节期间，鲁迅便决心放弃仙台医专的学籍，他去向这位藤野教授告别，为了安慰教授，他撒谎说：“我想去学生物学，先生交给我的学问，也还有用的。
”教授却黯淡的答道：“为医学而教的解剖学之类，怕于生物学也没有什么大帮助。