美国现代主义风格 英文
美国的现代主义名词解释
美国的现代主义名词解释在20世纪初的艺术和文学领域，现代主义是一种革新和创造性的运动，它从根本上改变了人们对于艺术、文学和社会的看法。
尽管现代主义涉及许多领域，本文将专注于解释美国现代主义的相关名词和概念。
1. 实验性文学：实验性文学是现代主义的核心要素之一。
它打破了传统文学的规范，摒弃了线性叙事和传统结构，试图通过采用非传统的写作风格和技巧来表达更深层次的主题。
例如，威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）在他的小说《狱中记》中采用了拼接式叙事，不按时间顺序组织故事。
这种实验性的写作形式使读者更深入地探索人物的内心世界和复杂的情感状态。
2. 战争后遗症：两次世界大战对美国文化产生了巨大的冲击，这也影响了现代主义的发展。
战争在美国社会中留下了深刻的创伤，这在许多现代主义作品中得到了体现。
作家欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）的小说《永别了，武器》和诗人T.S.艾略特（T.S. Eliot）的诗集《荒原》中都描绘了战争给人们心灵带来的痛苦和后果。
3. 多重意义和隐喻：现代主义文学强调了文本的多重解读和隐喻性。
作家们使用象征主义和意象主义等技巧，以隐喻和暗示的方式来表达复杂的主题。
例如，费兹杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）的小说《了不起的盖茨比》中所描绘的盖茨比的奢华生活和追求美国梦的悲剧，通过光线和色彩等象征性元素传达了对于财富和爱情虚妄性的批判。
4. 主体性和自我意识：现代主义文学强调了主体性和自我意识。
作家们试图通过内心世界的探索来揭示个体的经验和情感。
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）的小说《至灵室》通过意识流技巧，展现了主人公的内心思考和感受，强调了个体在现代社会中的孤独和失落。
5. 市场社会和消费文化：现代主义文学对于市场社会和消费文化的批判也是一个重要方面。
作家们探讨了工业化和商业化给人类价值观带来的影响。
美国现实主义American Realism ppt课件
• In its methods and attitudes, realism may be found as an element in many kinds of writing prior to the 19th century; but as a dominant literary trend it is associated chiefly with the 19th century novel of middle-orlower-class life, in which the problems of ordinary people in unremarkable circumstances are rendered with close attention to the details of physical setting and to the complexities of social life.
6
• It is anti-romantic, and anti-sentimental. To put it another way, realism is applied by literary critics in two diverse ways: (1) to designate a recurrent mode of, in various eras and literary forms, of representing human life and experience in literature, and (2) to identify a movement in the writing of novels during the nineteenth century.
D. Social Problems
15种现代艺术流派(最值得珍藏)
解读一幅漫画：15种现代艺术流派最近在微博上看到一幅漫画，觉得还挺有意思的，在这里说一下这些流派究竟是什么吧。
P.S 我发现这天居然是愚人节，这真的和愚人节没有什么关系。
1.现实主义realism现实主义是一个被广泛运用的艺术概念，泛指艺术对于自然的忠诚。
而在艺术史中，狭义地指一场十九世纪中后期起源于法国的艺术运动，主张以准确观察为基础，表现普通民众以及他们的日常现实生活。
正如它的创始人之一，法国画家库贝尔所说——“我不会画天使，因为我从没有见过他。
”米勒，《拾穗》，18572.印象派impressionism印象派起源于1860年代的法国，因莫奈的画作《印象•日出》而得名。
它抛弃了古典艺术“绘画中最重要的就是线条”的告诫，着重于展现光影的改变而否定轮廓。
不过，这幅漫画里的人物的轮廓模糊，色彩由一个个小点组成，更像是修拉创立的点彩画派（pointillism）。
它通常被归为新印象派（neo-impressionism）或者后印象派（post-impressionism）。
（在西方艺术语言中，“后”意味着“反”，说修拉是印象派会让人家不高兴的）。
这种画法以光谱中的原色为理论依据，将细小的原色斑点分布在画布上，而通过观察者的眼睛调和色彩，是一种相当Geek的技巧。
修拉，《大碗岛星期日的下午》，18863.野兽派fauvism野兽派是20世纪崛起的画派，最大的特点就是色彩大胆鲜艳，笔法率直奔放，也难怪艺术评论家把它形容为“野兽”。
漫画中，人物色彩鲜明，连眼球都涂成了红色，与绿色形成鲜明对比。
野兽派的领军人物是法国画家马蒂斯。
有人这么揶揄他这幅《戴帽子的女人》——“一罐颜料掼在公众的面前”。
马蒂斯，《戴帽子的女人》，19054.新艺术运动Art Nouveau新艺术运动是一个在20世纪初盛行的艺术运动，主要体现在建筑和室内设计领域。
它最重要的风格就是有活力、波浪形和流动的线条，特别是花卉或藤蔓等的曲线。
现代主义the 20th Century American Literature
the 20th Century American Literature(1900-1910s)Historical BackgroundThe influence of WWI ：•an economic boom• a sudden jump in technology•The breakdown of old moral values ——bobbed hair, short skirts, women drinking and smoking • a tremendous disillusionment (幻想破灭，美国梦，Benjamin Franklin)•Nothing had changed.•There was a popular contempt轻视for the law—the prohibition of alcohol, bootleggers走私者, etc.•The dream美国梦had failed and the country was building up economic troubles toward disaster.• A loss of faith began with Darwin’s theories of evolution达尔文进化论. Without faith man could no longer keep his feeling and thought whole; hence a sense of life being fragmented变成碎片and chaotic混乱的. Without faith, man no longer felt secure and happy; hence the feeling of gloom阴暗and despair绝望•Bertrand Russell伯特兰·罗素（英国哲学家）, commented评论on the spirit of the period—Man must not expect any help from a beneficent慈善的God. Man must recognize that he is of noimportance in such a world ---- Nothing can preserve保护an individual life beyond the grave.Death will doom注定all human endeavors努力and achievements to ultimate extinction化为灰烬. He advises man to believe in himself, to face life with “a despairing courage绝望的勇气”.•.Imagism☐Imagism意象主义was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American英裔美国人poetry that favored赞成precision精度of imagery and clear, sharp language. The Imagists意象主义诗人rejected the sentiment情感and discursiveness散漫、推论typical of much Romantic and Victorian （强调理性）poetry.What is an image?☐T. E. Hulme: The image must en able one “to dwell存在于and linger徘徊upon a point of excitement, to achieve the impossible and convert转变a point into a line”.☐Ezra Pound: An image is “that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant 瞬间of time”.☐Richard Aldington: The exact word must bring the effect of the object before the reader as it had presented itself to the poet’s mind at the time of writing.Literary Sources of Imagism☐The Imagist Movement drew from a variety of poetic traditions—Greek, Provencal, Japanese and Chinese poetry. The ideographic表意的and pictographic象形文字的nature of Chinese language, and virile男性的laconism简洁and austere pregnancy丰富，意味深长which characterize ancient Chinese poetry fascinated the Imagists.three major phases☐1908—1909An Englishman, T. E. Hulme, founded a Poets’ Club in 1908, which met in Soho every Wednesday evening to discuss poetry. He believed that the most effective means to express the momentary瞬间的impressions is through “the use of one dominant image”.☐1912—1914Ezra Pound took over the movement. In 1912, they published a collection of poems, entitled Des Imagistes, in which a manifesto宣言came into being.⏹ a. Direct treatment of the “thing”, whether subjective or objective;⏹ b. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation;⏹ c. As regarding rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in thesequence of a metronome.☐1914—1917Amy Lowell took over the movement and developed it into “Amygism”. In 1915, 1916, 1917, three volumes of Some Imagist Poets came out, containing six principles based on the original three. After 1917, Imagism ceased to be a movement.Features of Imagism1.To use the language of common speech, but to employ采用the exact word, not the nearly-exact,nor the merely decorative装饰性的word.2.We believe that the individuality of a poet may often be better expressed in free verse自由诗体than in conventional传统的forms. In poetry, a new cadence韵律、节奏means a new idea.3.Absolute freedom in the choice of subject.4. To present an image. We are not a school学派of painters, but we believe that poetry should render particulars exactly and not deal in vague generalities模糊的概论, however magnificent华丽的and sonorous响亮的. It is for this reason that we oppose the cosmic广大无边的poet诗人, who seems to us to shirk逃避the real difficulties of his art.5. To produce a poetry that is hard and clear, never blurred玷污nor indefinite.6. Finally, most of us believe that concentration is of the very essence本质of poetry.In a Station of the Metro☐ a classic specimen of Imagist poetry☐the use of one dominant image to represent what he was experiencing☐apparition: appearance, something which shows up; something which is not real and which cannot be clearly observed☐influence from ancient Chinese poetry (《长恨歌》: “玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨.”)⏹The apparition of these faces in the crowd;⏹Petals on a wet, black bough.☐人群中那些亡魂的脸花瓣，在潮湿的黑色枝头荒木田守武——俳句落花飞回枝蝴蝶Ezra Pound (译文)A fallen blossom is coming back to the branchLook, a butterfly题都城南庄去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红。
解构主义设计(Deconstruction)
美术类图书
书法类图书
摄影类图书
设计类图书
动画类图书
综合其他图书
工业设计技术
环艺设计技术
动画设计技术
游戏设计技术
数码多媒体技术
影视后期技术
三维动画技术
Flash动画技术
其它技术教程
摄影技法
器材相关
其他技术
摄影技术
其他设计技术
视觉设计技术
动作设计技术
听觉设计技术
二维动画技术
美国现代车义大师查尔斯·莫尔1994年完成的加利福利亚的帕萨迪纳“双树旅馆”大楼，是后现代主义在当代的杰出代表作
自从工业革命发生以后，现代主义设计正以多元化的面貌展现在世人面前，并且给工业革命以前的设计以毁灭性的打击。现代主义之后又发展出现了更多的设计风格，基本上都是对现代主义，国际主义设计的调整，补充，改良和批判，如后现代主义设计，其中一种最好的诠释后现代主义的方法就是解构主义(DeconStruction)。
国画技法
油画技法
版画技法
书法技法
篆刻技法
雕塑技法
其他技法
国内外游戏动态
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动态新闻
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传媒评论
传媒人物
其它理论
摄影史论
摄影论文
摄影评论
解构主义设计(Deconstruction)Web设计动态
平面设计动态
工业设计动态
环艺设计动态
动画设计资讯
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ArtDeco——现代都市高层建筑的经典风格
ArtDeco建筑是后现代主义建筑
ArtDeco建筑在整体布局上讲究古典秩序感，如强调对称、追求宏 大的气魄，横三段纵三段的立面构图等。古典秩序感使ArtDeco风 格持续了新古典主义中宏伟与庄严的特点。
ArtDeco建筑也有来自古典主义的造型元素。如其在拱券、柱式、 雕塑等在立面设计上的运用，源自古典主义的装饰题材和图案。但 是ArtDeco的雕塑和浅浮雕比起新古典主义更加样式化，趋于几何 和简化，更具现代感，并且往往被赋予全新的题材。
ArtDeco建筑通过新颖的造型、艳丽夺目的色彩 以及豪华材料的运用，成为一种摩登艺术的符号。 ArtDeco建筑风格已经成为世界建筑史上的一个 重要的风格流派。
ArtDeco建筑风格起源于1925年法国巴黎举办的国际装饰艺术与现代 工业博览会，当时的语义是“最豪华”。法国博览会临时展示馆的看 似传统又具创新的建筑风格，结合了钢结构与钢筋混凝土施工技术的 发展，让象征着资本主义摩天大楼成为现实。法国博览会向人们展示 的ArtDeco建筑风格，在思想与形式上反对“新艺术”运动的矫饰， 鲜明地反对古典主义与自然主义及单纯手工艺形态，主张机械之美的 现代设计，以新的装饰替代旧的装饰，在造型与色彩上表现现代内容， 显现时代特征。
对称、几何型的经典建筑
对称美，是最朴素的传统美，也可称为经典美。
ArtDeco风格作为新艺术运动的延伸和发展，完成了从曲线向直线、 趋于几何的转变。ArtDeco造型上的全新现代内容，体现出强烈的时 代感。
American modernism美国现实主义文学
Ⅰ. Backgrounds
☆ WWI ☆ Urbanization ☆ Industrialization ☆ Immigration ☆ Technological Evolution ☆ Growth of Modern Science ☆ Influence of Austrian Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) ☆ Influence of German Karl Marx (1818-1883)
2. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
① life
☆ born in Oak Park, Illinois, 1899
☆ left school at 17 and worked mainly as a journalist
☆ enlisted in the army as an ambulance driver and went to Europe
b. the disillusionment of American Dream
dream
disenchantment
(physical & spiritual)
a sense of failure and despair
i. Gatsby’s personal tragedy: materialistically abundance + spiritual sterility = ?
☆ rejected the Enlightenment thinking and also that of the existence of a compassionate, all-powerful Creator
第五讲American_modernism资料
2. The differences between realism and modernism
Function of Literature
Subject
Conception of Time &Space Forms and Techniques Tone
Realism
Modernism
Educate People and Criticize SociFra bibliotekl Evils
Pleasure seeking: challenge the tradition, extravagant(奢侈的)parties, Jazz music, heavy drinking and smoking, fast racing cars .
Spiritual sterility: mentally barren(荒原): spiritual disorientation（迷惑） and moral decay.
现代主义文学
现代主义文学是西方现代工业社会的产物，是动荡 不安的20世纪欧美社会之时代精神的艺术表述。现 代主义文学深受康德、尼采、弗洛伊德、荣格等人 的哲学、心理学理论的影响。
现代主义在思想内容方面的最大特征四种异化 （alienation）:人与自然（包括大自然、人性和物质 世界）人与社会、人与人、和人与自我4种关系上表 现出来的尖锐矛盾和畸形脱节，以及由之产生的精 神创伤和变态心理，悲观绝望的情绪和虚无主义的 思想。
Socially, social chaos, disordered and turbulent, unease and restlessness underneath .
Spiritually and morally, hedonism(享乐主义) spiritual waste and moral decay.
现代主义style 建筑专业英语
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum ( 纽约古根海姆博物馆 )
目录
CONTENTS
01 Introduction 02 Origin
03 Introduce the master 04 summary and thought
01
Introduction
. industrialization n.工业化 英 [ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] 美 [ɪnˌdʌstrɪələˈzeʃən]
rationalism n 理想主义；唯心主义；唯心论 英 [ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m] 美 [aɪˈdi(ə)ˌlɪzəm] Radicalism n.激进主义 英 [ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm] 美 [ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm
• Modernism architecture is a kind of architectural thought that occupies the dominant position in the western architecture field in the middle of the 20th century.
• 现代主义建筑是指二十世纪中叶，在西方建筑界居 主导地位的一种建筑思想。
Ronchamp Corbu ( 朗香教堂 )
industrialization n.工业化 英 [ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] 美 [ɪnˌdʌstrɪələˈzeʃən] rationalism n.理想主义；唯心主义；唯心论 英 [ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m] 美 [aɪˈdi(ə)ˌlɪzəm] Radicalism n.激进主义 英 [ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm] 美 [ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm
Modern American Literature 美国现代主义文学
Modernists like them are preoccupied with human consciousness and therefore prefer an ―inward turn‖, that is, to look into the psyche of men instead of the outside world. With stream-of–consciousness they can explore the human psyche more thoroughly and see more clearly how men are thrown into existence.
Modernist writing is predominantly cosmopolitan, and often expresses a sense of urban cultural dislocation, along with an awareness of new anthropological and psychological theories. Its favored techniques of juxtaposition and multiple points of view challenge the reader to reestablish a coherence of meaning from fragmentary forms.
*disengage: to release from something that engages or involves.
In fiction, the accepted continuity of chronological development was upset by Joseph Conrad, Marcel Prouest, and William Faulkner, while James Joyce and Virginia Woolf attempted new ways of tracing the flow of characters‘ thoughts in their stream-ofconsciousness styles.
American-modernism-美国现代主义
Imagist Movement
▪ Definition of Imagism ▪ Three principles of Imagism ▪ Examples of Imagist poetry
▪ E Father of modern American poetry
New Poetry Movement
▪ The years 1912—1914 witnessed the appearance of a new poetic revolution. The new poets wrote a poetry that defied most of the accepted rules, and dealt with subjects which had not been dealt with. They wrote in new ways and techniques. The new verse was responsive to the fragmentized naturea Pound (1885—1972) 埃兹拉.庞德
▪ His life ▪ His works ▪ His contribution
His Life (1)
▪ Born in 1885 in Hailey, Idaho ▪ Brought up in Pennsylvania ▪ Studied Romance languages at college and
Modern Poetry
A Ezra Pound (1885-1975) and Imagist Movement (1909—1917)
文学15--modernism
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900):
Life and Works: p.374
• Wilde wrote many short stories, plays and poems that continue to inspire millions around the world. • Wilde was quickly established himself both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of “Art for Art’s Sake” when he was in college with George Bernard Shaw and William Butler Yeats.
• 他的这个想入非非的愿望后来却莫名其妙的实 现了。他开始挥霍自己的罪恶，最后这幅肖像 却成为了记录恶行的证据，他因肖像而生也因 肖像而死。
Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray ： p.381
• The Preface is a series of epigrams, or concise, witty sayings, that express the major points of Oscar Wilde’s aesthetic philosophy. • In short, the epigrams praise beauty and repudiate(拒绝) the notion that art serves a moral purpose.
• Modernist writers tended to see themselves as an avant-garde disengaged from bourgeois values, and disturbed their readers by adopting complex and difficult new forms and styles.
modernisn and postmodernism 现代主义和后现代主义
An Introduction ToModernism & PostmodernismEvery literary period is modern in its own eyes. The ancient Greeks of 5th century BC Athens thought they were modern. The Romantics in their day thought they were modern. The writers of Realism saw themselves as modern in rejecting the Romantics. We just don’t have a good term right now for the literary era in which we live. By default, we call most literary works written after World War I "modern." It is difficult to look at our own times and see what literary era we are living in and come up with a good name for it. "Modern" is the best that we can do for now.Some of the cultural and historical great events of the modern era includeThe literature of the modern period has it roots in the literature of Europe and grows out of a reaction to Realism and Naturalism. As a reaction against Realism and Naturalism, some critics see in Modernism at least four "isms" or literary movements that make up the literature of the Modern era: impressionism, expressionism, surrealism, and nihilism.Modernism shares with Realism∙ a focus on the psychology of the individual∙sees the work of art as a coherent whole worthy of study.Some of the characteristics of Modernism are that those pieces of literature we call Modern oftenFrom Modernism to Postmodernism "Postmodern" is the term used to suggest contemporary literature of the last half of the 20th century. It differs from Modernism is several ways。
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Thomas Eakins The Swimming Hole, 1884/85
John Singer Sargent (1856-1925) Mrs Knowles and her Children, 1902
Henri Matisse, 1869-1954 The Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra), 1907 oil, 36 1/4 x 55 1/8.
Ezra Pound – Make it new!
Isabel, Caroline, Denise,
Jelena
Chantalia, Valerie, Annika
Lena, Julia, Mirjam, Caroline
Luisa, Katharina Steven
/paper/the-1913-armory-show-much-ado-about-everything/)
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912
"Take the picture which for some reason is called 'A Naked Man Going Down Stairs'. There is in my bathroom a really good Navajo rug which, on any proper interpretation of the Cubist theory, is a far more satisfactory and decorative picture. ... and from the standpoint of decorative value, of sincerity, and of artistic merit, the Navajo rug is infinitely ahead of the picture." (Theodore Roosevelt )
“In
1913, a single exhibition changed the face of American art forever. The International Exhibition of Modern Art, known as the Armory Show,endeavored to combine the newest and most striking examples of European art with their American counterparts in a magnificent, unparalleled show.“
Daniela, Sofia, Jan, Maria Christoph, Nadja, Kathi, Falko
The Armory Show 1913
• Watershed date in American art • Introduced astonished New Yorkers to modernism • Teddy Roosevelt said, ―That’s not art!‖
Ezra Pound, 1913
The Red Wheelbarrow
so much depends upon a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens.
William Carlos Williams, 1923
American Modernism
Phases of Modernism
• Early • 1890-1920 Avant-garde (Dadaism, Surrealism, Cubism) • High • 1920 – 1929 Modernist Classics (Ulysses, The Waste Land, Manhattan Transfer,The Great Gatsby, Cane), Experimenalism, Minimalism, Black modernism • Thirties 1930 – 1940 Socialist realism, proletarian novel, black modernism • Late Modernism: 1940 - 1960 modernism is canonized • Post-Modernism 1960 - 1990s radicalization of modernism or break with high modernism
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d‘Avignon, 1907 The Birth of Modernism
Ezra Pound – Make it new!
In a Station of the Metro The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.
Marcel Duchamp, 1887-1968 Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (Nu descendant un escalier), 1912 oil, 58 x 35.
"Duchamp’s Nude creates an atmosphere of release, color release, release from stereotyped forms, trite subjects. I (William Carlos Williams) laughed out loud when I first saw it, happily, with relief." (Williams 134).