不定式的被动语态

不定式被动语态的用法及练习

一、复习各种时态的被动语态

★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done

（以the book , publish 为例）

一般现在/过去时：The book ____________________.

一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________.

The book __________________________.

现在/过去进行时：The book __________________________.

现在/过去完成时: The book ___________________________.

情态动词：The book _______________________________.

二、动词不定式的被动语态

1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：

1）一般式（not/never ）to be done

2）完成式（not/ never）to have been done

（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）

2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用

1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语）

To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.

(it 作形式主语）被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。

2) 做表语

The party is to be held next Saturday evening.

明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。

3) 做宾语

She didn’t like to be treated as a child.

He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.

这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。

4) 做宾语补足语

Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.

这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。

5）做定语

What a victory to be envied by those women!

英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。

6）做状语

All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as

to be received in time for Christmas.

他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。

3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。

1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成

逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,

He has nothing to eat.

分析：eat 动→nothing宾/ he 主→eat 谓

I will give you a book to read .

分析：_____ 动→________宾/ _____主→_____谓

这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。

★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，

不定式则必须用被动式。

★比较：I have a lot of letters to type .

(我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)

I have a lot of letters to be typed.

(意思为：I get sb. to type the letter)

1) I’ll go to New York. Have you anything ____________(take) to your wife there?

2) Do you have any clothes ____________(wash), sir?” ask ed the maid

3) I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes

___________(wash)

3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。

2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中，主语也是

不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是

动宾关系。

常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous

Eg. This question is easy to answer.

（分析：answer (动)------this question （宾））

★注意：

如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。

John is difficult to deal with.

（分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）

如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。

这题目很难算出来。

4. 在“too…to do; enough…to…”结构中。如：

这个问题太难了算不出来。The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．

这房子够大能住下。

5. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。

There is a lot of work to do / to be done.

(多用主动形式)

没有什么可担心的。

6. 在“with+n+to do”结构中。

例如：没有事情要做，他就躺在被窝里。

因为有太多的练习要做，我不能帮你忙。

7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。

常见的这类动词有let(出租), rent，hire, blame等。

房子出租。

我觉得我应该被责骂。

练习题：

1.It will take several weeks for your computer to ____________ (repair).

2. I knew him ___________________ (catch) by the police.

3. A vote is required ______________(take) in our company at once.

4.This makes it possible for them ________(make) metals into any required shapes.

5. Dick sped on the motorway only____________ (fine).

6. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed ______________

(steal) it.

7. I hope _______________(admit) to Zhongshan University.

8.The book is said to ____________________ (translate) into several languages.

9.I feel greatly honored _________________(welcome) into their society .

e on! It is an easy sentence ______________ (translate).

11.When I came in, he pretended to _____________.(read)

12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____________(receive) in time for

Christmas.

13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) after drinking.

14. Hearing the good news, he was too excited ____________ (speak).

15. It happened ______________ (rain) when I got there.