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CIC条款与ICC条款的比较

CIC条款与ICC条款的比较

CIC条款与ICC条款的比较
CIC条款和ICC条款都是国际贸易中常用的贸易术语的一种,但CIC条款和ICC条款在内容方面略有不同。

本文将会对CIC条款和ICC条款进行比较。

相比之下,ICC条款是指“国际商会贸易术语(Incoterms)”,由国际商会(ICC)制定。

ICC条款是国际贸易中广泛应用的贸易术语,旨在明确买方和卖方之间的协议,规定了货物的运输、保险和付款方式。

ICC条款包括11项条款,如EXW(Ex Works), FCA(Free Carrier)、CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)等,涵盖了国际贸易中各种可能的情况。

相比之下,CIC条款则仅包括FOB和CIF两种常见的贸易术语。

CIC条款和ICC条款的主要区别在于适用区域和适用范围。

CIC条款主要适用于中国国内的进出口业务,而ICC条款则适用于全球范围内的国际贸易。

CIC条款仅包含FOB和CIF 两种贸易术语,相比之下,ICC条款则涵盖了更多的贸易术语,因此在国际贸易中更为通用。

在使用上,CIC条款和ICC条款在细节上也有一些不同。

例如,在CIF条款中,卖方需要购买相应的保险,以确保货物的安全,然而,在ICC条款中,买方和卖方可以根据自己的需要来选择是否购买保险。

此外,在FOB条款中,卖方需要负责将货物交到指定港口,但在ICC条款中,卖方可以将货物交到指定的仓库或者运输方式上,以适应各种不同的情况。

总的来说,CIC条款和ICC条款都是国际贸易中常用的贸易术语,但它们在内容和适用范围上略有不同。

因此,在使用时需要根据实际情况进行选择。

ICC与CIC

ICC与CIC
ICC与CIC险别区别
国贸111 :胡启晖、徐乐乐、
祁琦、施陈刚、浦沁霞、王楚煜、 吕艳明、钱旻雯
目录
1 2 3 4 5
背景
定义
承保风险 责任起讫 除外责任

背景
在国际海运保险业务中,英国是一个具有悠久历史和比较发达的 国家,目前世界上大多数国家在海上保险业务中直接采用英国伦敦 保险协会所制定的“协会货物条款”(Institute Cargo Clause, 简称I.C.C.)。 “协会货物条款”最早制订于1912年,从1983年4月1日起实施。
I.C.C.
3
备注:Institute Cargo Clause A, 简称I.C.C.(A)
2
协会货物条款(B)
备注:Institute Cargo Clause B, 简称I.C.C.(B) 协会货物条款(C) 备注:Institute Cargo Clause C, 简称 I.C.C.(C)


承保风险 (P132)
平安险
水渍险 一 切 险
1.自然灾害造成的全部损失 2.意外事故造成的全部或部分损失 3.在意外事故发生前后,自然灾害造成的部分损失 4.落海损失 5.施救费用 6.避难港损失和费用 7.共同海损牺牲、分摊或救助费用 8.货方根据运输合同条款偿还船方的损失
9.自然灾害造成的部分损失 10.一般外来风险所造成的全部或部分损失

承保风险
一切风险减去 除外责任 列明风险
ICC(A)险 ICC(B)险 ICC(C)险
一切险 水渍险
重大意外事故 (不承担B中自 然灾害和非重大 意外事故)
平安险

备注:malicious Damage Clause

CIC

CIC

CIC条款与ICC条款的比较作者:梁艳来源:《现代交际》2011年第07期[摘要]在国际贸易中,经常被大家关注的保险条款有两种:英国伦敦保险协会制定的“协会货物条款”和中国人民保险公司制定的“中国保险条款”。

而实践中究竟应该选择哪一种,这篇文章我们将对两种保险条款做以简单的比较,以便大家在实际工作中能更好地选择。

[关键词]CIC条款 ICC条款[中图分类号]F744[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1009-5349(2011)07-0135-01实践中,我国的进出口商一般采用“中国保险条款”(China Insurance Clauses CIC),但随着我国业务量的不断扩大,有些外商会要求采用国际保险市场上通用的英国伦敦保险协会制订的“协会货物条款” (Institute Cargo Clause ICC)新条款进行投保,我国出口企业和中国人民保险公司一般都予以接受。

因此,我们有必要对CIC和ICC新条款险别进行比较,以方便我们更好地投保。

一、ICC和CIC的主要内容(一)ICC的主要内容伦敦保险协会货物保险条款(Institute Cargo Clause,简称I.C.C.),该条款共包括6种险别:1.协会货物条款(A)【简称ICC(A)】;2.协会货物条款(B)【简称ICC(B)】;3.协会货物条款(C)【简称 ICC(C)】;4.协会战争险条款(货物)(IWCC);5.协会罢工险条款(货物)(ISCC);6.恶意损害险(Malicious Damage Clause)。

(二)CIC的主要内容中国人民保险公司根据中国保险工作的实际情况,参照国际保险市场的习惯做法(主要是参照ICC,即“伦敦保险协协会保险条款”),经多次修改,于1981年1月1日制定了“中国保险条款”(China Insurance Clauses,简称CIC)。

CIC条款中有基本险和附加险之分。

基本险有平安险、水渍险和一切险三种。

picc和cic条款依据

picc和cic条款依据

picc和cic条款依据在保险行业中,PICC(中国人民保险集团公司)和CIC(中华人民共和国人寿保险股份有限公司)是中国最大的两家保险公司。

它们都有自己的保险条款依据,以确保保险合同的合法性和公平性。

本文将介绍PICC和CIC的条款依据以及其在保险业中的重要性。

PICC的条款依据主要包括《保险法》、《保险合同法》和《财产保险条款》等。

《保险法》是中国保险行业的基础法律,它规定了保险公司的组织、经营和监管等方面的内容。

《保险合同法》则明确了保险合同的成立、履行和解除等方面的规定。

《财产保险条款》则是PICC在提供财产保险服务时所依据的条款文件,它规定了财产保险的责任范围、赔偿条件和赔偿金额等。

CIC的条款依据主要包括《保险法》和《人寿保险条款》等。

《人寿保险条款》是CIC在提供人寿保险服务时所依据的条款文件,它规定了人寿保险的保险责任、保险期限和保险金给付等方面的内容。

除此之外,CIC还根据中国保险监督管理委员会(CIRC)的相关规定制定了一系列内部管理制度和风险控制措施,以确保保险业务的合规性和风险可控性。

对于保险公司来说,条款依据是保证保险合同的合法性和权益平等性的重要依据。

它规定了保险公司和投保人之间的权利和义务,明确了保险责任、保险期限和保险金的支付方式等。

同时,条款依据也规定了保险公司的风险管理措施和赔偿方式,确保保险公司能够按照合同约定履行赔偿责任。

在保险业务中,条款依据还起到了统一业务操作和规范市场行为的作用。

所有的保险合同都必须符合相应的条款依据,保险公司不得擅自修改或解释条款内容。

这样一来,保险业务的操作就具有了一定的规范性和公平性,保护了投保人的合法权益,也维护了保险市场的稳定和健康发展。

此外,条款依据也为投保人提供了一定的参考和保障。

投保人可以根据条款依据了解保险公司的责任范围和赔偿方式,明确自己的保险权益。

如果在购买保险过程中发生争议,投保人可以参照条款依据来维护自己的权益,请求保险公司按照条款约定进行处理。

保险条款

保险条款

W/W条款
• 仓至仓条款WarehousetoWarehouseClauses
W/W)。即:保险责任自被保险货物运离保险 单所载明的起运地仓库或处所开始—(包括海、 陆、河运)直至该货物运离保险单所载明的目 的地收获人最后仓库或储存地或其他储存地为 止.
保险责任的起讫
• 在海运保险中保险责任 的起讫主要采用: • “ 仓 至 仓 ” 条 款 WarehousetoWarehouseCl auses W/W)。即:保 险责任自被保险货物运 离保险单所载明的起运 地仓库或处所开始— (包括海、陆、河运) 直至该货物运离保险单 所载明的目的地收获人 最后仓库或储存地或其 他储存地为止。(若货 物不卸保60天为限)
部分损失
• 部分损失(Partial Loss):指货物发生事 故后,认为实际全损已不可避免,或者 认为避免实际全损所需的费用与继续将 货物运抵目的地的费用之和超过保险价 值
单独海损
• (Particular Average):指仅涉及船舶或 货物所有人单方面利益的损失。
共同海损
• 共同海损(General Average):在海运途 中,船舶、货物或其他财产遭遇共同危 险,为了解除共同危险,有意采取合理 的救难措施,所直接造成的特殊牺牲和 支付的特殊费用。
例题
• 我国某外贸公司以CIF价格出口一批玻璃 到日本,问卖方投保( )为最优选择?
• A.FPA
B.WPA C.AR
D. Clash &
Breakage Risk E.FPA AND Clash & Breakage Risk F.AR AND Clash & Breakage Risk
基本险别
我国国家保险机构

CIC海洋运输货物保险条款

CIC海洋运输货物保险条款

CIC海洋运输货物保险条款1. 保险范围本保险条款适用于CIC海洋运输货物,涵盖货物在运输过程中由于意外事故、自然灾害、盗窃等原因造成的损失或损害。

2. 保险责任保险公司在货物运输期间承担以下责任:a. 货物全损或部分损失;b. 货物因碰撞、触礁、爆炸、火灾等事故造成的损失;c. 货物因自然灾害(如台风、地震、洪水等)造成的损失;d. 货物在装卸过程中的损失;e. 货物因盗窃、抢劫造成的损失。

3. 保险期限保险期限自货物离开起运地仓库或工厂时开始,至货物到达目的地并交付收货人时结束。

4. 保险金额保险金额应根据货物的实际价值确定,包括货物的购买价格、运输费用、保险费等。

5. 保险费率保险费率将根据货物的种类、运输路线、风险等级等因素确定。

6. 索赔程序如发生保险事故,被保险人应立即通知保险公司,并提供相关证明材料,以便保险公司进行调查和赔偿。

7. 责任免除保险公司不承担以下情况下的赔偿责任:a. 货物的自然损耗、变质或损坏;b. 货物因包装不当造成的损失;c. 货物在运输过程中的延迟损失;d. 货物因战争、恐怖活动等政治因素造成的损失。

8. 争议解决本保险条款的解释和适用发生争议时,双方应通过友好协商解决;协商不成时,可提交至有管辖权的法院进行诉讼。

9. 附加条款根据货物特性和运输需求,可与保险公司协商增加附加条款,如冷藏货物保险、易碎品保险等。

10. 保险合同的变更和解除保险合同一经签订,双方应严格遵守。

如需变更或解除合同,应提前通知对方,并按照合同约定办理相关手续。

请注意,以上内容仅为示例,实际保险条款应根据相关法律法规、保险行业标准以及具体业务需求制定。

在签订保险合同前,建议咨询专业法律顾问或保险专家。

CIC条款与ICC条款之比较

CIC条款与ICC条款之比较

第14卷第3期潍坊教育学院学报Vol.14No.3 2001年第3期J OURNA L OF WEIFANG EDUCATIO NAL COLLEGE Sep.2001CIC条款与ICC条款之比较刘法勤(潍坊学院经管系,山东潍坊261043)摘要:为迎接我国加入WTO,特撰此文将中国海洋运输货物保险条款(CIC)与伦敦保险协会海运货物保险条款(ICC)进行比较,以便正确学习和运用之。

关键词:保险条款;自然灾害中图分类号:F840.63文献标识码:B文章编号:1009-2080(2001)03-0044-01伦敦保险协会货物保险条款(简称ICC)系根据1906年英国海上保险法和1779年英国国会确认的/劳埃德船、货保险单价格0所制订,经多次修改后于1963年1月1日定型为ICC 条款,到1982年1月1日,为了避免命名与内容不符、易产生误解的弊端而改成现行的ICC条款。

该条款在世界范围内有较大影响。

中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物保险(以下简称CIC)就是按照1963年伦敦协会货物条款修订的。

1972年曾修改过一次,到1981年1月1日又修订为当前的保险条款,目前国内应用广泛。

ICC和CIC从总体上看大体相同,一一对应(ICC3A4对应一切险、3B4对应水渍险、3C4对应平安险),保险时可以任选其一,但仔细分析也不是完全相同,在保障或投保(特别是有人坚持使用ICC条款)时,有必要注意其中的微小差异,以免错保或引起纠纷。

首先,两者在形式上不同。

1.CIC条款沿用了传统的分类形式,即以平安险、水渍险和一切险表示基本险,附加险另文说明。

风险承保范围从小到大、逐一列明,除外责任单独表示。

ICC条款则以/A,B,C0系统命名方式将保险责任明显区分为基本险和附加险。

风险承保范围由大到小,承保风险分别采用排外式和列举式两种方法表示:ICC的3A4险以承保所有风险减除外责任的方法表示,其他两险3B4,3C4逐一列明。

7- 2CIC及ICC险别

7- 2CIC及ICC险别

二,水渍险(WPA)
(1)平安险的各项责任. (2)被保险货物由于恶劣气候,雷电,海啸, 地震,洪水等自然灾害造成的部分损失.
水渍险案例: 水渍险案例:
某批货物投保了水渍险,载运该批货物的 货轮在航行中遇到大雨,而致使货物遭到水渍 损失.问题:(1)被保险人能否向保险公司 索赔?为什么?问题(2)若另有一载货海轮 在航行中遇恶劣气候或者船舶触礁致使海水或 海浪涌进船舱使上述货物遭到水渍损失.保险 公司是否应给予赔偿?为什么?
例外: 例外 : 1,如未抵上述仓库, 海运以60天为限(陆运 60天;空运30天;邮政 15天) 2,保险责任从 转运灌装等时终止.3, 进口投保:"港到仓". 4,战争险限于运输工具 上(限于水上).5,活 的家禽,生畜,危险 品:,保险责任限于水 上.
第三节 伦敦保险协会海运货物保险条款 (ICC) )
包括六种险别,即: ICC(A),ICC(B),ICC(C),战争险,罢工险 ( ) ( ) ( ) 战争险, 及恶意损害险.其中ICC(A),ICC(B),ICC(C) 及恶意损害险. ( ) ( ) ( ) 分别相当于平安险,水渍险,一切险. 平安险,水渍险,一切险. 平安险 前三种为基本险,但只有恶意损害险不能单独投保.
三,一切险
(1)水渍险的责任范围. (2)一般外来原因造成的全损或部分损失.
——保险责任起讫即期限
"仓至仓"条款 仓至仓" 仓至仓 (Warehouse to Warehouse clause, W/W Clause)即 从被保险货物运离保 险单所载明的起运港 (地)发货人仓库开 始,一直到保险单所 载明的目的港(地) 收货人仓库为止.

第二节 我国海洋货物运输保险的险别

ICC与CIC

ICC与CIC

4.4 由于保险标的物之固有瑕疵或本质所致之毁损灭失或 费用 4.5 由于迟延所致之毁损灭失或费用,即使此项迟延系因 承保危险所致者。(但上述第2条可支付之费用不在此 限)。 4.6 因船舶所有人、经理人、租船人或营运人之无力偿债 或财务失信所引起之毁损灭失或费用,且该情况仅适用 于:在保险标的装上船舶之时,被保险人已经知道或者在 正常业务经营中应当知道,此种无力偿债或者财务失信会 导致该航程取消。该除外条款不适用于:保险合同已经转让 给另一方,即另一方已经受合同约束购买或者同意购买保 险标的且善意受让该保险合同。 4.7 由于使用任何原子或核子裂变或(或)聚变或其他类 似反应或放射性物质的武器或设备直接或间接造成的损失 或费用。
• 3.CIC仅原则性地规定了“船舶互撞”条款的 赔偿责任,而ICC各险均特别指明保险人在 赔付时有对被保险人此种索赔进行抗辩的权 利,这样可以避免保险人因单方理算不清或 “过失”而承担不应有的赔偿责任,反映出保 险方在赔付时不仅要严格查明应由保险方承 担的被保险方的最小损失,还要通过“双方 有责碰撞”条款向索赔方抗辩的机会,将扩 展赔偿的责任紧缩到最小限度。
CIC和ICC海运货物保险条款的比较
总体比较: 1、二者的名称和结构不同。中国海运货物保险(下称 CIC条款)分为一切险、水渍险和平安险,而协会海 洋货物运输条款(下称ICC条款)分为A、B、C条款。 2、CIC只有三种基本险可以单独承保(尽管近年来 我国实践中也已开展战争险和罢工险的独保业务, 但在条文形式上仍是如此),而ICC的战争险和罢 工险由于自成体系,根据条款规定,在征得保险公 司同意后,也可以单独承保。
I.C.C.(A)
承保风险 风险 1.本保险承保保险标的物毁损或灭失之一切危险,但下列第4、 5、6及7条之规定除外。 共同海损 2.本保险承保因避免保险事故所致损失之共同海损及救助费用, 但下列第4、5、6及7各条款除外事项不包括在内,关于其 理算或认定应依据运送契约及适用之法律与惯例。 双方过失碰撞条款 3.本保险对被保险人在运送契约内“双方过失碰撞条款”所负之 责任,按照保单承保风险予以赔偿。当承运人依据该条款要 求赔偿时,被保险人应即通知保险人,保险人有权自费为被 保险人就该赔偿提出抗辩。

中国人保运输货物条款CIC与协会货物条款ICC比较分析

中国人保运输货物条款CIC与协会货物条款ICC比较分析

人保运输货物条款CIC与协会货物条款ICC比较分析在全球国际贸易中,货物运输是最重要的环节之一,其中有80%的货物进出口是依靠海洋运输来完成的。

而以海洋运输货物保险为核心的国际运输货物保险,作为支持国际货物贸易和国际航运业及风险管理的手段,对于国民经济的发展,尤其是外向型经济的发展至关重要。

为了适应对外贸易的发展,各国都设有国际运输货物保险机构,并制订了相应的保险条款。

海洋运输货物保险条款是指保险人或保险公司在其保险单内所载明的,明确规定投保人与保险人之间的权利与义务,即赔偿的责任范围、除外责任、保险期限及其他有关事项的条款。

在我国国际贸易实践中,进出口货物的保险一般要求采用“中国保险条款”(China Insurance Clauses,简称CIC)。

但随着我国对外经济贸易的发展,目前,在我国企业以CIF价格条件对外出口时,有些外商也常会要求采用国际保险市场上通用的英国伦敦保险协会所制定的“协会货物条款”(Institute Cargo Clauses,简称ICC)进行投保。

为了达成交易,我国出口企业一般都予以接受。

因此我们有必要对CIC与ICC险别的责任范围进行比较,这样既有助于我们掌握各种险别的精神实质,也有助于我们在工作中做好投保的选择。

一、伦敦保险协会货物保险条款概述伦敦保险协会货物保险条款是根据1906年英国《海上保险法》和1779年英国国会确认的“劳埃德船、货保险单价格”所制订,经多次修改后于1963年1月1日定型为“协会货物条款”(ICC)。

到1982年1月1日,为了避免命名与内容不符、易产生误解的弊端而改成现行的ICC。

该条款共包括6种险别:(1)协会货物条款(A)[简称ICC(A)];(2)协会货物条款(B)[简称ICC(B)];(3)协会货物条款(C)[简称ICC(C)];(4)协会战争险条款(货物)(IWCC);(5)协会罢工险条款(货物)(ISCC);(6)恶意损害险(Malicious Damage Clause)。

(完整版)海盗行为-CIC与ICC

(完整版)海盗行为-CIC与ICC

●海盗行为1981年《海洋法公约》规定海盗行为是:①必须旨在扣留人或者掠夺财物的非法行为;②通过暴力或威胁手段达到目的;③并非出自某一官方的指令或默许而进行的对敌方攻击;④必须发生在沿海国家管辖范围以外的海域或上空。

按照上述定义,海盗是船舶在公海上航行时遭遇到的海上一般风险,而非战争风险。

自2008年以来发生在亚丁湾海域的索马里海盗劫船、扣押人质、索要赎金甚至杀害人质等属于典型的海盗行为。

● CIC“一切险”(ALL RISKS)承保风险范围根据中国人民保险公司《海洋运输货物保险条款》(1981年1月1日生效)规定,基本险别包括平安险(FPA)、水渍险(W A 或WPA)和一切险(ALL RISKS)3种,此外,还包括11种一般附加险,6种特别附加险、2种特殊附加险和2种特别附加险。

一切险的责任范围,除包括平安险(FPA)和水渍险(W A 或WPA)的责任外,还包括被保险货物在运输途中由于一般外来原因所造成的全部或部分损失。

具体说,一切险是平安险、水渍险和一般附加险的总合。

一般附加险包括偷窃提货不着险、淡水雨林险、短量险、混杂玷污险、渗漏险、碰损破碎险、串味险、受潮受热险、钩损险、包装破裂险和锈损险等11种险别。

一切险的除外责任包括:①被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的风险。

②属于发货人责任所引起的损失。

③在保险责任开始前,被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失。

④被保险货物的自然损耗、本质缺陷、特性以及市价跌落、运输延迟所造成的损失或费用。

⑤海洋运输货物战争险和罢工险条款规定的责任范围和除外责任。

由此可见,一切险的承保责任也是有一定范围的,而不是包括所有的风险。

就海盗行为风险来讲,一切险是不承保的。

● ICC(A)承保风险范围根据伦敦保险协会《协会货物条款》(Institute Cargo Clause,I.C.C))(1982年1月1日生效)规定6种险别条款,即协会货物条款(A)、协会货物条款(B)、协会货物条款(C)、协会战争险条款(货物)、协会罢工险条款(货物)和恶意损害险条款。

ICC

ICC
1982年1月1日起使用的协会货物战 争险条款由8个部分组成,共14条, 具有完整的结构体系,故可以单独 投保。
协会货物罢工险条款
1982年1月1日起使用的协会货物罢 工险条款也是由8个部分,共14个 条款组成,结构完整。
在实践中,通常将战争险和罢 工险一起承保,收取一笔额外 的保险费,但罢工险条款亦可 脱离于海上保险单和战争险保 单而单独投保。
ICC与中国人民保险公司(CIC)保险条款的比较
ICC
ICC(A)
CIC
ALL RISKS WPA FPA
ICC(B) ICC(C)
ICC(A) ICC(B) ICC(C) 仓至仓条款(W/W)
组内成员
• 陆琴,吴陈明,龚袁媛,顾凤 • 汪雅琪,金君燕,朱丹,吴思瑶
• 张煜黎,符晓慧,王林,范艳丽
• ICC(A)险的承保风险。新条款对承保风险的规 定有一切风险减除外责任和列明承保险两种方法, ICC(A)就是以一切风险减除外责任的形式出现, 因为这一险别中承保的责任范围最大,采用除列 明风险和损失之外,一切风险损失都予承保的规 定,最为简单明了。
ICC(B)条款
• ICC(B)险的承保风险,新条款自该险别起均采 用列明风险的形式,凡属列出的就是承保的,没 有列出的,不论何种情况均不负责,这种方法明 确、肯定,便于选择投保,便于处理索赔,凡归 因于下列情况者均予承保: • (1)火灾、爆炸; • (2)船舶或驳船触礁、搁浅、沉没; • (3)陆上运输工具碰撞出轨;
ICC(C)条款
• ICC(C)险的承保风险比(A)、(B)险要小 得多,它只承保重大意外事故,而不承保自然灾 害及非重大意外事故,其具体承保风险是: (1)火灾、爆炸; (2)船舶或驳船触礁、搁浅、沉没; (3)陆上运输工具倾覆或出轨; (4)在避难港卸货; (5)共同海损牺牲; (6)抛货。

[CIC条款与ICC条款的比较]建筑施工合同专用条款

[CIC条款与ICC条款的比较]建筑施工合同专用条款

[CIC条款与ICC条款的比较]建筑施工合同专用条款实践中,我国的进出口商一般采用“中国保险条款”(China Insurance Clauses CIC),但随着我国业务量的不断扩大,有些外商会要求采用国际保险市场上通用的英国伦敦保险协会制订的“协会货物条款” (Institute Cargo Clause ICC)新条款进行投保,我国出口企业和中国人民保险公司一般都予以接受。

因此,我们有必要对CIC和ICC新条款险别进行比较,以方便我们更好地投保。

一、ICC和CIC的主要内容(一)ICC的主要内容伦敦保险协会货物保险条款(Institute Cargo Clause,简称I.C.C.),该条款共包括6种险别:1.协会货物条款(A)【简称ICC(A)】;2.协会货物条款(B)【简称ICC(B)】;3.协会货物条款(C)【简称ICC (C)】;4.协会战争险条款(货物)(IWCC);5.协会罢工险条款(货物)(ISCC);6.恶意损害险(Malicious Damage Clause)。

(二)CIC的主要内容中国人民保险公司根据中国保险工作的实际情况,参照国际保险市场的习惯做法(主要是参照ICC,即“伦敦保险协协会保险条款”),经多次修改,于1981年1月1日制定了“中国保险条款”(China Insurance Clauses,简称CIC)。

CIC条款中有基本险和附加险之分。

基本险有平安险、水渍险和一切险三种。

附加险别是基本险别责任的扩大和补充,附加险别有一般附加险和特殊附加险。

一般附加险有11种,它包括:偷窃、提货不着险,淡水雨淋险,短量险,渗漏险,混杂、沾污险,碰损、破碎险,串味险,受潮受热险,钩损险,包装破裂险,锈损险;特殊附加险包括:交货不到险,进口关税险,舱面险,出口货物到港九或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条款,罢工险,海运战争险等。

二、ICC与CIC的比较(一)两者在风险大小上的比较1.ICC(A)承保“除外责任以外的一切风险所造成的保险标的损失”,而其中除外责任包括一般除外责任、不适航和不适货除外责任、战争险除外责任和罢工除外责任四项。

picc和cic条款依据

picc和cic条款依据

PICC和CIC条款依据PICC和CIC是两种常用的国际商事合同条款,分别是《国际商事合同通则》(简称PICC)和《中国保险条款》(简称CIC)。

这两种条款的依据和适用范围有所不同,下面分别介绍。

PICC是由国际统一私法协会制定的一套国际商事合同的一般规则,目的是为国际商事合同提供一个中立、平衡和现代化的法律框架。

PICC的依据是国际贸易中的普遍原则、惯例和习惯,以及国内法和国际法的比较和协调。

PICC的适用范围是国际商事合同,即当事人各方属于不同国家,且合同的目的是交换货物或服务的合同。

PICC可以在以下情况下适用:当事人约定其合同受PICC管辖时,应适用PICC。

当事人约定其合同受法律的一般原则、商人习惯法或类似规范管辖时,可适用PICC。

当事人未选择任何法律管辖其合同时,可适用PICC。

PICC可用于解释或补充国际统一法文件。

PICC可用于解释或补充国内法。

PICC也可用作国内和国际立法的范本。

CIC是中国人民保险公司(People’sInsuranceCompanyofChina,简称PICC)修订的海洋运输保险条款,目的是为我国进出口贸易提供一个符合国情和国际惯例的保险条款。

CIC的依据是我国的保险法和相关法规,以及国际保险市场上通用的英国伦敦保险协会制订的“协会货物条款”(InstituteCargoClauses,简称ICC)条款的参考和借鉴。

CIC的适用范围是海洋运输保险,即当事人之间以海洋运输为主要运输方式的货物保险合同。

CIC可以在以下情况下适用:当事人约定其保险合同受CIC管辖时,应适用CIC。

当事人未选择任何保险条款管辖其保险合同时,可适用CIC。

当事人选择ICC条款管辖其保险合同时,可适用CIC作为补充或调整。

CIC China Insurance Clause中国人民财产保险股份有限公司

CIC China Insurance Clause中国人民财产保险股份有限公司

CIC China Insurance Clause中国人民财产保险股份有限公司《海洋运输货物保险条款》其3个基本险别分别是:平安险、水渍险、一切险三个基本险别的共同除外责任是:1、被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失2、属于发货人责任所引起的损失3、在保险责任开始之前,被保险货物存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失4、被保险货物的自然损耗、本质缺陷、特性以及市价跌落、运输延迟所引起的损失或费用5、属于战争险条款和罢工险条款规定的保险责任和除外责任的货损ICC Institute Cargo Clauses(A)险的承保风险与除外责任1.一般除外责任归因于被保险人故意不法行为造成的损失或费用;自然渗漏、重量或容量的自然损耗或自然磨损;包装或准备不足或不当所造成的损失或费用;保险标的的内在缺陷或特性所造成的损失或费用;直接由于迟延所引起的损失或费用;由于船舶所有人、经理人、租船人或经营破产或不履行债务造成的损失或费用;由于使用任何原子或热核武器所造成的损失或费用。

2.不适航和不适货除外责任3.战争除外责任由于战争、内战、敌对行为等造成的损失或费用;由于捕获、拘留、扣留等(海盗除外)所造成的损失或费用;由于遗弃的水雷、鱼雷、炸弹或其它遗弃的战争武器所造成的损失或费用。

4.罢工除外责任由于罢工者、被迫停工的工人等造成的损失或费用;任何恐怖主义者或出于政治动机而采取行动的人所造成的损失或费用。

(二)ICC(B)险的承保风险火灾、爆炸;船舶或驳沿触礁、搁浅、沉没或倾覆;陆上运输工具倾覆或出轨;船舶、驳船或运输工具同水以外的外界物体碰撞;在避难港卸货;地震、火山暴发、雷电;共同海损牺牲;抛货;浪击落海;海水、湖水或河水进入船舶、驳船、运输工具、集装箱、大型海运箱或贮存处所;货物在装卸时落海或摔落造成整件的全损。

(三)ICC(C)险的承保风险火灾、爆炸;船船舶或驳船触礁、搁浅、沉没或倾覆;陆上运输工具倾覆或出轨;在避难港卸货共同海损牺牲抛货(四)协会货物战争条款战争、内战、敌对行为等造成的损失;由上述行为引起的捕获、拘留、扣押所造成的损失;遗弃的水雷、鱼雷、炸弹或其它遗弃的战争武器所造成的损失;由于承保的风险引起的共同海损牺牲、分摊和救助费用。

CIC与ICC比较分析

CIC与ICC比较分析

CIC与ICC比较分析在我国国际贸易实践中,进出口货物的保险一般要求采用“中国保险条款”(China Insurance Clause,CIC),但随着我国对外经济贸易的发展,目前,在我国企业以CIF价格条件对外出口时,有些外商也常会要求采用国际保险市场上通用的英国伦敦保险协会所制订的“协会货物条款”(Institute Cargo Clauses, ICC)新条款进行投保,我国出口企业有必要对CIC和ICC新条款险别的责任范围进行比较,这样既有助于我们掌握各险的精神实质,也有助于我们在工作中作好投保的选择。

一切险(All Risks,AR)ICC A险ICC新条款的(A)险对应于CIC的一切险,其承保范围采用“承保除规定的除外责任以外的一切风险所造成保险标的损失”,看起来承保范围很广,但通过仔细分析其所列的除外责任后,便会发出其实ICC(A)的承保范围与一切险几乎等同,但对(A)险的有些规定还是值得注意的。

1、在(A)险的一般除外责任中规定:归因于被保险人故意的不法行为造成的损失或费用保险人不负赔偿责任,并未规定归因于其他人的故意不法行为造成的损失或费用不负赔偿责任,说明(A)险对除被保险人以外的其他人的故意行为造成保险标的损失或费用是负责赔偿的。

这与我国海洋运输货物保险条款的除外责任并无差别。

2、在(A)险的战争除外责任的规定中,将“海盗行为”排除在除外责任之外,说明(A)险对“海盗行为”的损失是负赔偿责任的,这一点比我国一切险的范围大,因为在我国海洋运输货物保险只有加保战争险时才对“海盗行为”的损失予以负责,如未加保战争是不予负责的。

水渍险(With Particular Average,WPA)ICC B险ICC新条款的(B)险对应于CIC的水渍险,其承保范围采用“列明风险”的方式,从总体上来看,(B)险承保的风险与水渍险并无实质性差别,但就其列出的承保风险责任来说,有两点是必须注意的。

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Conditions and Clauses of Ocean Marine InsuranceSection 1 Conditions and Clauses of China Insurance Clauses (CIC) ——————————————————The People’s Insurance Company of ChinaHead office: BEIJINGEstablished in 1949MARINE CARGO TRANSPORTATION INSURANCE POLICY Invoice No. Policy No.This Policy of Insurance witnesses that the People’s Insurance Company of China(hereinafter called “the Company”), at the request of ※※※(hereinafter called “the Insured”)and in consideration of the agreed premium paid to the Company by the Insured, undertakes to insure the undermentioned goods in transportation subject to the conditions of the policy as per the Clauses printed overleaf and other special Clauses attached hereon.Total Amount InsuredPremium as arranged Rate as arranged Per Conveyance S.SSlg on or abt.From toConditions:Claims, if any, payable on surrender of this policy together with other relevant documents. In the event of accident whereby loss or damage may result in a claim under this policy, immediate notice applying for survey must be given to the Company’s Agent as mentioned hereunder.Claim payable atAddress of Issuing OfficeDateAUTHORITY SIGNATURE111The People’s Insurance Company of ChinaOcean Marine Cargo ClausesⅠ. Scope of CoverThis insurance is classified into the following three Conditions—Free From Particular Average(F.P.A.), With Average(W.A.)and All Risks. Where the goods insured hereunder sustain loss or damage, the Company shall undertake to indemnify(赔偿)therefore according to the Insured Condition(承保险种)specified in the Policy and the Provisions of the Clauses:1. Free From Particular Average(F.P.A. 平安险)1)Total or Constructive Total Loss of the whole consignment hereby insured caused in the course of transit by natural calamities—heavy weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake and flood. In case a constructive total loss is claimed for, the Insured shall abandon(委付)to the Company the damaged goods and all rights and title pertaining thereto. The goods on each lighter(驳船)to or from the seagoing vessel shall be deemed a separate risk.“Constructive Total Loss refers to the loss where an actual loss appears to unavoidable or the cost to be incurred in recovering or reconditioning the goods together with the forwarding cost to the destination named in the Policy would exceed their value on arrival”.(由自然灾害引起的全部损失)2)Total or Partial Loss caused by accidents—the carrying conveyance being grounded, stranded, sunk or in collision with floating ice or otherobjects as well as fire or explosion.(由意外事故引起的全部或者部分损失)3)Partial loss of the insured goods attributable to heavy weather, lightning and/or tsunami, where the conveyance has been grounded, stranded, sunk or burnt(意外事故), irrespective of where the event or events took place before or after such accidents.(在前后发生过意外事故的前提下,由自然灾害引起的部分损失。

)4)Partial or total loss consequent on falling of entire package or packages into sea during loading, transshipment or discharge. (吊索损害,sling loss)5)Reasonable cost incurred by the Insured in salvaging the goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the Policy, provided that such cost shall not exceed the sum insured of the consignment so saved.(施救费用)6)Losses attributable to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distress(遇难港)following a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call or refuge.(中途挂靠港或避难港)(海难损失及费用)7)Sacrifice in and Contribution to General Average and Salvage Charges (救助费用).8)Such proportion of losses sustained by the shipowners as is to bereimbursed by the Cargo Owner under the Contract of Affreightment of “Both to Blame Collision”clause.(货主在“双方有责碰撞”条款下应当承担的赔偿责任)2. With Average(W.A.)(水渍险)Aside from the risks covered under F.P.A. condition as above, this insurance also covers partial losses of the insured goods caused by heavy weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake and/or flood.(在平安险的基础上,对于由自然灾害引起的部分损失进行无条件的赔偿)3. All Risks(一切险)Aside from the risks covered under F.P.A. and W.A. conditions as above, this insurance also covers all risks of loss of or damage to the insured goods whether partial or total, arising from external causes in the course of transit.(在水渍险的基础上,对于由一般外来风险引起的全部或者部分损失进行赔偿)Ⅱ. ExclusionsThis insurance does not cover:1.Loss or damage caused by the intentional act or fault of the Insured.2.Loss or damage falling under the liability of the consignor发货人.3.Loss or damage from inferior quality质量低劣or shortage of the insured goods prior to the attachment of this insurance.4.Loss or damage arising from normal loss, inherent vice内在缺陷or nature of the insured goods, loss of market and/or delay in transit and anyexpenses arising therefrom.5.Risks and liabilities covered and excluded by the ocean marine cargo war risks clauses and strike, riot and civil commotion clauses of this Company.(战争险和罢工险所承保的以及所排除的风险)Ⅲ. Commencement and Termination of Cover1.Warehouse to Warehouse ClauseThis insurance attaches from the time the goods hereby insured leave the warehouse or place of storage named in the Policy for the commencement of the transit and continues in force in the ordinary course of transit including sea, land and inland waterway transit and transit in lighter until the insured goods are delivered to the consignee’s final w arehouse or place of storage at the destination named in the Policy or to any other place used by the Insured for allocation or distribution of the goods or for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit(在正常运输之外的被被保险人用于分配、分发或者储存货物的其他场所). This insurance shall, however, be limited to sixty(60)days after completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge before they reach the above mentioned warehouse or place of storage. If prior to the expiry of the above mentioned sixty(60)days, the insured goods are to forwarded to a destination other than that named in the Policy, this insurance shall terminate at the commencement of such transit.2.If, owning to delay, deviation, forced discharge, reshipment or transshipment beyond the control of the Insured or any change or termination of the voyage arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to the shipowners under the contract of affreightment(运输合同), the insured goods arrive at a port or place other than that named in the Policy, subject to immediate notice being given to the Company by the Insured and an additional premium being paid, if required, this insurance shall remain in force保持有效and shall terminate终止as hereunder:1)If the insured goods are sold at port or place not named in the Policy, this insurance shall terminate on delivery of the goods sold, but in no event绝对不能shall this insurance extend beyond sixty(60)days after completion of discharge of the insured goods from the carrying vessel at such port or place.(货物中途变卖)2)If the insured goods are to be forwarded运送to the final destination named in the Policy or any other destination, this insurance shall terminate in accordance with Section 1) above.(继续将货物运达最终目的地)Ⅳ. Duty of the InsuredIt is the duty of the Insured to attend to all matters as specified hereunder, failing which the Company reserves the right to reject his claim for any loss if and when 如果;万一such failure prejudice侵害到the rights of the Company.1.The Insured shall take delivery of the insured goods in good time及时地;迅速地upon their arrival at the port of destination named in the Policy. In the event of如果any damage to the goods, the Insured shall immediately apply for survey to the survey and/or settling agent stipulated确定in the Policy. If the insured goods are found short in entire package or packages or to show apparent traces痕迹of damage, the Insured shall obtain from the carrier, bailee 受托人or other relevant authorities(Custom and Port Authorities etc.)certificate of loss or damage and/or shortland memo. Should the carrier, bailee or the other relevant authorities be responsible for such shortage or damage, the Insured shall lodge a claim with them in writing and, if necessary, obtain their confirmation批准of an extension of the time limit of validity of such claim.2.The Insured shall, and the Company may also, take reasonable measures immediately in salvaging抢救the goods or preventing or minimizing a loss or damage thereto. The measures so taken by the Insured or by the Company shall not be considered respectively, as a waiver放弃of abandonment委付hereunder, or as an acceptance接受thereof.(被保险人的施救费用)3.In case of a change of voyage or any omission遗漏or error差错in the description说明of the interest(货物), the name of the vessel or voyage, this insurance shall remain in force only upon prompt notice tothis Company when the Insured becomes aware of the same and payment of an additional premium if required.4.The following documents should accompany any claim hereunder made against the Company:●Original Policy,保险单原件●Bill of Lading, 提单●Invoice, 发票●Packing List, 装箱单●Tally Sheet, 理货单●Weight Memo, 磅码单●Certificate of Loss or Damageand/or Shortland Memo,货损货差证明●Survey Report, 检验报告●Statement of Claim. 索赔清单If any third party is involved, documents relative to pursuing of recovery from such party should also be included.5.Immediate notice should be given to the Company when the Cargo Owner’s actual responsibility under the Contract of Affreightment “Both to Blame Collision”Clause运输合同中的双方有责碰撞条款becomes known.Ⅴ. The Time of Validity of a ClaimThe time of validity of a claim under this insurance shall not exceed a period of two years counting from the time of completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge. 111The People’s Insurance Company of ChinaOcean Marine Cargo War Risk ClausesⅠ. Scope of CoverThis insurance covers:1.Loss of or damage to the insured goods caused directly by or consequent upon随后发生的W AR战争, WARLIKE OPERATIONS类似战争的行为, HOSTILE ACTS敌对行动, ARMED CONFLICTS武装冲突OR PIRACY海盗;2.Loss or damage caused by CAPTURE捕获, SEIZURE拘留, ARREST扣留, RESTRAINT限制OR DETAINMENT扣押arising from the events in SectionⅠ.1. above.3.Loss or damage caused by conventional weapons常规武器of war including mines(鱼雷), torpedoes(水雷)and bombs(炸弹).4.Sacrifice in and contribution(分摊)to General Average and Salvage Charges(第三方的救助费用)arising from the risks covered hereunder. Ⅱ. ExclusionsThis insurance does not cover:1.Loss, damage or expenses arising from any hostile use敌对性使用of atomic or nuclear weapons of war.2.Any claim based upon loss of, or frustration of, the insured voyage caused by arrest扣留, restraint限制or detainment扣押by any executive authorities, authorities in power or any other armed groups. Ⅲ. Commencement and Termination of Cover1.This insurance shall attach from the time the insured goods are loaded on the seagoing vessel or lighter at the port of shipment named in the Policy until discharged overside从船边from the seagoing vessel or lighter at the port of destination named in the Policy. If the insured goods are not discharged therefrom, the longest duration at the port of discharge shall be limited to fifteen(15)days counting from midnight of the day of the vessel’s arrival at such port. Anchoring(抛锚), mooring(停泊)or securing(系缆)at a berth(泊位)or place within the harbor shall be deemed as the vessel’s arrival. In the absence of such berth or place, the vessel’s arrival refers to the vessel’s first anchoring, mooring or securing either at or off the intended port在拟卸货的港口内外or at or near the place of discharge在卸货地点或者在其附近. (水上危险原则;港至港原则Principle of Port to Port)2.In case of transshipment转船at an intermediate port, regardless of whether or not the insured goods are unloaded, the longest duration ofthis insurance shall be limited to fifteen(15)days counting from midnight 午夜of the day of the vessel’s arrival at such port or place of discharge. However, this insurance shall reattach重新生效when the insured goods are loaded on the oncarrying vessel(续运海轮).3.If the contract of affreightment(运输合同)is terminated at a port or place other than the destination named in the Policy, such port or place shall be deemed the destination under the Policy and this insurance shall terminate according to Section Ⅲ.1. above. If the insured goods are to be reshipped重新装船启运to the original or any other destination, this insurance shall reattach when the goods are loaded on the oncarrying vessel or lighter驳船provided如果notice is given to the Company and an additional premium is paid prior to the commencement of such further transit.4.This insurance shall remain in force during any deviation, change of voyage, variation of adventure航海arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to the shipowners under the contract of affreightment 行使由运输合同赋予船东的自主权subject to immediate notice to the Company and payment of an additional premium, when such event comes to the knowledge of the Insured.Note: 备注:These clauses are the clauses of an additional insurance附加险to the Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance of the Company. In case of conflict抵触、不一致between any clauses of these clauses and the ocean marine cargoclauses, these clauses shall prevail具有更高的效力.111INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES (A)2007-7-6 10:29:00锦程物流网INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES (A)RISKS COVERED(Risks clause)1 This insurance covers all risks of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured except as provided in Clauses 4, 5, 6 and 7 below.(General Average Clause)2 This insurance covers general average and salvage charges , adjusted or determined according to the contract of affreightment and\or the governing law and practice , incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except those excluded in Clauses 4 ,5, 6 and 7 or elsewhere in this insurance.("Both to Blame Collision"Clause)3 This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion of liability under the contract of affreightment "Both to Blame Collision " Clause as is in respect of a loss recoverable hereunder. In the event of any claim by shipowners underthe said Clause the Assured agree to notify the Underwriters who shall have the right, at their own cost and expense, to defend the Assured against suchclaim.EXCLUSIONS(General Exclusions Clause)4 In no case shall this insurance cover4.1 loss damage or expense attributable to wilful misconduct of the Assured4.2 ordinary leakage, ordinary loss in weight or volume, or ordinary wear and tear of the subject-matter insured4.3 loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing or preparation of the subject-matter insured (for the purpose of this Clause 4.3 "packing" shall be deemed to include stowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowage is carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants)4.4 loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured4.5 loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay, even though the delay be caused by a risk insured against (except expenses payable under Clause 2 above)4.6 loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners managers charterers or operators of the vessel4.7 loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclear fission and \ or fusion or other like reaction or radioactive force ormatter(Unseaworthiness and Unfitness Exclustion Clause )55.1 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense arising from unseaworthiness of vessel or craft ,unfitness of vessel craft conveyance container or liftvan for the safe carriage of the subject-matter insured.where the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness ,at the time the subject-matter insured is loaded therein.5.2 The Underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of seaworthiness of the ship and fitness of the ship to carry the subject-matter insured todestination ,unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness.(War Exclustion Clause)6 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense caused by6.1 war civil war revolution rebellion insurrection ,or civil strifearising therefrom ,or any hostile act by or against a belligerent power6.2 capture seizure arrest restraint or detainment (piracy excepted ), and the consequences thereof or any attempt thereat6.3 derelict mines torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war.(Strikes Exclusion Clause)7 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense7.1 caused by strikers ,locked-out workmen ,or persons taking part in labour disturbances ,riots or civil commotions7.2 resulting from strikes ,lock-outs ,labour disturbances ,riots or civil commotions 7.3 caused by any terrorist or any person acting from a political motive. (Transit Clause)8 DURATION8.1 This insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place of storage at the place named herein for the commencement of the transit , continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates either8.1.1 on delivery to the Consignees' or other final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named herein8.1.2 on delivery to any other warehouse or place of storage ,whether prior to or at the destination named herein ,which the Assured elect to use either8.1.2.1 for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit or8.1.2.2 for allocation or distribution8.1.3 on the expiry of 60 days after completion of discharge overside of the goods hereby insured from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge , whichever shall first occur .8.2 If ,after discharge overside from the oversea vessel at the final port ofdischarge ,but prior to termination of this insurance ,the goods are to be forwarded to a destination other than that to which they are insured hereunder , this insurance ,whilst remaining subject to termination as provided for above ,shall not extend beyond the commencement of transit to such other destination .8.3 This insurance shall remain in force (subject to termination as provided for above and to the provisions of Clause 9 below ) during delay beyond the control of the Assured ,any deviation , forced discharge ,reshipment or transhipment and during any variation of the adventure arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to shipowners or charterers under the contract of affreightment .(Termination of contract of carriage Clause )9 If owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Assured either the contract of carriage is terminated at a port or place other than the destination named therein or the transit is otherwise terminated before delivery of the goods as provided for in Clause 8 above ,then this insurance shall also terminate unless prompt notice is given to the Underwriters and continuation of cover is requested when the insurance shall remain in force ,subject to an additional premium if required by the Underwriter ,either9.1 until the goods are sold and delivered at such port or place ,or ,unless otherwise specially agreed ,until the expiry of 60 days after arrival of the goods hereby insured at such port or place ,whichever shall first occur ,9.2 if the goods are forwarded within the said period of 60 days (or any agreed extension thereof ) to the destination named herein or to any other destination ,untilterminated in accordance with the provisions of Clause 8 above .(Change of Voyage Clause )10 Where ,after attachment of this insurance ,the destination is changed by the Assured ,held covered at a premium and on conditions to be arranged subject to prompt notice being given to the Underwriters .11 CLAIMS(Insurable Interest Clause)11.1 In order to recover under this insurance the Assured must have an insurable interest in the subject-matter insured at the time of the loss .11.2 Subject to 11.1 above ,the Assured shall be entitled to recover for insured loss occurring during the period covered by this insurance ,notwithstanding that the loss occurred before the contract of insurance was concluded ,unless the Assured were aware of the loss and the Underwriters were ont.(Forwarding Charges Clause)12 Where ,as a result of the operation of a risk covered by this insurance ,the insured transit is terminated at a port or place other than that to which the subject-matter is covered under this insurance ,the Underwriters will reimburse the Assured for any extra charges properly and reasonably incurred in unloading storing and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured hereunder.This Clause 12 which does not apply to general average or salvage charges ,shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clause 4 ,5 ,6 and 7 above and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants .(Constructive Total Loss Clause)13 No claim for Constructive Total Loss shall be recoverable hereunder unless the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned either on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because the cost of recovering , reconditioning and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured would exceed its value on arrival.(Increased Value Clause )1414.1 If any Increased Value insurance is effected by the Assured on the cargo insured herein the agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be increased to the total amount insured under this insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the loss and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured. In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amounts insured under all other insurances .14.2 where this insurance is on Increased Value the following clause shall apply :The agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be equal to the total amount insured under the primary insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the loss and effected on the cargo by the Assured ,and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured .In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amounts insured under all other insurances .15 BENEFIT OF INSURANCE(Not to Inure Clause )This insurance shall not insure to the benefit of the carrier or other bailee.MINIMIDSING LOSSES(Duty of Assured Clause)16 It is the duty of the Assured and their servants and agents in respect of loss recoverable hereunder16.1 to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimising such loss ,and16.2 to ensure that all rights against carriers ,bailees or other third parties are properly preserved and exercised and the Underwriters will ,in addition to any loss recoverable hereunder ,reimburse the Assured for any charges properly and reasonably incurred in pursuance of these duties.(Waiver Clause)17 Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object ofsaving ,protecting or recovering the subject-matter insured shall not be considered as a waiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of either party. AVOIDANCE OF DELAY(Reasonable Despatch Clause )18 It is a condition of this insurance that the Assured shall act with reasonable despatch in all circumstances within their control.LAW AND PRACTICE(English Law and Practice Clause)19 This insurance is subject to English law and practice.NOTE:-- It is necessary for the Assured when they become aware of an event which is "held covered "under this insurance to give prompt notice to the Underwriters and the right to such cover is dependent upon compliance with this obligation。

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