上海市虹口区2018届第一学期高三一模和答案
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018届虹口区高三英语一模试卷及答案
虹口区2018学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2018.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷<第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷<第10页），全卷共10页。
第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。
第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。
TexyhMII9t3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
TexyhMII9t第 I 卷 (共103分>I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. TexyhMII9t1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.TexyhMII9t2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.TexyhMII9tC. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn’t notice who John was talking to.TexyhMII9t3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny.D. Dull.TexyhMII9t4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.TexyhMII9t5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady’s room.TexyhMII9tC. She is unable to use the lady’s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady’s room.6. A. They shouldn’t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.TexyhMII9tC. She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn’t think the game will last long.TexyhMII9t7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.TexyhMII9tC. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00. TexyhMII9t8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.TexyhMII9tC. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.TexyhMII9t9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. B. She didn’t expect him to come so early.TexyhMII9tC. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.TexyhMII9t10. A. He’s unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woman his computer.TexyhMII9tC. He’s to remove the virus.D. He’s infected with some disease.TexyhMII9tSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you haveheard.TexyhMII9tQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. TexyhMII9t11. A. A motorist’s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.TexyhMII9tC. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.TexyhMII9t12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.TexyhMII9tC. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.TexyhMII9t13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.TexyhMII9t14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.TexyhMII9tC. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.TexyhMII9t15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.TexyhMII9t16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of eachquestion.TexyhMII9tC. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerizedtest.TexyhMII9tSection CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.TexyhMII9tBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.TexyhMII9tComplete the form. Write ONE WORD for eachBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.TexyhMII9tComplete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for eachII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in theblanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.TexyhMII9t(A>To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detailt o p e o p l e u n f a m i l i a r w i t h y o u r s u b j e c t T e x y h M I I9t26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner fromi n f o r m a t i o n T e x y h M I I9t28 (deliver> to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk w i t h o u t e n o u g h p r e p a r a t i o n i s u s u a l l y T e x y h M I I9t30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shootwithout taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is;then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure thatyour subject 31 (be> definite and not too broad. zhucanqiTexyhMII9t(B>DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find outthat there was money to be made in the middle of the night.47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69,in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgers when they stopped 32 (break> their journey.TexyhMII9t It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think> about it for a while,he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door eversince.TexyhMII9tOver the years his simple burger café has been expanded35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant,a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry. TexyhMII9t Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not onlyrestaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning tobe open all night. But is this really a goodthing?TexyhMII9tSo far, a lot of research 37 (do> in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad> man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when e v e n t h e m o s t e x p e r i e n c e d n i g h t-w o r k e r h a sd i f f i c u l t y Te x y h M I I9t40 (stay> awake.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using thewords in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music andpainting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.TexyhMII9t Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to 46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.TexyhMII9tThe exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48as symbols rather than representations of the paintings inthe exhibition. Between each is a promenade <舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. Themusic is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.TexyhMII9tIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage thereare four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.TexyhMII9tThe term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is51 .TexyhMII9tTeaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parentsf o l l o w a s t r i c t t i m e t a b l e a n d T e x y h M I I9t53 a traditional school environment. Other parentsfollow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom anddiscipline.TexyhMII9tWhy do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it mayh a v e a T e x y h M I I9t55 effect on the child’s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schoolsevery year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against publicschooling.TexyhMII9tWhat then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but theya r e ob v i o u s l y l e s s T e x y h M I I9t62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s emotional development. Are theytoo 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 . TexyhMII9t51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. risingTexyhMII9t52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglectTexyhMII9t54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standardTexyhMII9t55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkableTexyhMII9t56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologicallyTexyhMII9t57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressuresTexyhMII9t58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In additionTexyhMII9t59. A. encourage B. interrupt C.contact D. monitor TexyhMII9t60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debateTexyhMII9t61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classifiedTexyhMII9t62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C.skilled at D. sure ofTexyhMII9t63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried aboutTexyhMII9t64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losingTexyhMII9t65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practicalTexyhMII9tSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passageis followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.TexyhMII9t(A>“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year studyrevealed.TexyhMII9tBritish and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephantsin European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants inzoos.TexyhMII9tWhen it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators(掠食者>, always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.TexyhMII9t When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live muchlonger in the wild than they do in zoos.TexyhMII9tFemale African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,”says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”TexyhMII9tAsian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养> compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years ofage.TexyhMII9tFatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in captivity, Mason said.TexyhMII9t The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough spacefor animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captiveelephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.TexyhMII9tBeing “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!TexyhMII9t66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________. A. they are far awayfrom the danger of being eaten.TexyhMII9tB. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn’t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?TexyhMII9tA. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.TexyhMII9tC. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.TexyhMII9t68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.TexyhMII9tC. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.TexyhMII9tD. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.TexyhMII9t69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.TexyhMII9tB. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.TexyhMII9tC. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.TexyhMII9tD. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.TexyhMII9t(B>TimetableMembership CardTexyhMII9tU.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage>20406080100White Black Asian Spanish MenuFriends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE0 0 1 3 6 7 8 9Valid until 23 May 2018Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.70. Which of the following is true of the membershipcard?TexyhMII9tA. Its number is 10865 305305.B. Itgets the owner a discount when used.TexyhMII9tC. It is valid through the year of 2018.D.It belongs to Mr. E. M. Driscoll.TexyhMII9t71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at12:00, the latest train that he should take at Oxford leaves at ________.TexyhMII9tA. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what maybe your choice?TexyhMII9tA. French Slam®.B.Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. TheSuper Bird®.TexyhMII9t73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2018,________.TexyhMII9tA. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptoprose 60 pointsTexyhMII9tB. the percentage of the White families with a laptopremained unchangedTexyhMII9tC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was onthe decreaseTexyhMII9tD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showedthe sharpest increaseTexyhMII9t(C>Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.TexyhMII9tThere is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.TexyhMII9tThe two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线> of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpuscallosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维> than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day womenthink differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we bewrong?TexyhMII9tResearch showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.TexyhMII9tBut it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合> with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.TexyhMII9tWe shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain: nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.TexyhMII9t74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.TexyhMII9tB. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.TexyhMII9tC. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.TexyhMII9tD. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.TexyhMII9t75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed thatbrain differences are caused by ________factors.TexyhMII9tA. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. socialTexyhMII9t76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.TexyhMII9tA. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habitsTexyhMII9t77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.TexyhMII9tB. To explain the link between sex and brainstructure.TexyhMII9tC. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between thesexes.TexyhMII9tSection CDirections: Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.TexyhMII9tYou are what you eat and fats are a main food forAsia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量> has increased. Now about 40 to 45percent of their calories come from fat,” saysChwang.TexyhMII9tAlthough on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality<好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.TexyhMII9t Needless to say, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”TexyhMII9tWhen describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.TexyhMII9t(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.>TexyhMII9t78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.TexyhMII9t79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longerenjoyed on special occasions.TexyhMII9t80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?TexyhMII9t81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today?TexyhMII9t第II卷 <共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.TexyhMII9t1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。
2018年上海市虹口区高考物理一模试卷(含详解)
2018年上海市虹口区高考物理一模试卷一、选择题：共40分，第1～8题，每小题3分，第9～12题每小题3分，每小题只有一个正确答案，1．（3分）下列物理量，属于矢量的是（）A．电势B．磁感应强度C．磁通量D．电流强度2．（3分）下列现象中属于静电利用的是（）A．油罐车上有铁链拖到地面B．飞机轮胎用导电橡胶制作C．屋顶安装避雷针D．汽车表面喷涂油漆3．（3分）在匀强磁场中A、B两点分别引入长度相等的长直导线，导线与磁场方向垂直，如图所示，图中a、b两条图线分别表示在磁场中A、B两点导线所受磁场力F和通过导线的电流关系，关于A、B两点的磁感应强度大小B A、B B，下列说法正确的是（）A．B A=B B B．B A＞B B C．B A＜B B D．无法比较4．（3分）不同质量的两个物体由同一地点以相同的动能竖直向上抛出，不计空气阻力，则这两个物体（）A．所能达到的最大高度和最大重力势能都相同B．所能达到的最大高度和最大重力势能均不同C．所能达到的最大高度不同，但最大重力势能相同D．所能达到的最大高度相同，但最大重力势能不同5．（3分）如图所示，下列速度﹣时间图象中，表示两个做自由落体运动的物体落地的是（t0表示落地时刻），（）A．B．C．D．6．（3分）一辆汽车正在水平公路上转弯，沿曲线由M向N行驶，速度逐渐增大。
下列四个图中画出的汽车所受合力F的方向可能正确的是（）A．B．C．D．7．（3分）将地球视为理想球体，且只考虑自转，不考虑其绕太阳的运动，则（）A．南回归线与北回归线上各点的线速度都相等B．赤道上各点的向心加速度等于重力加速度C．地球表面和内部各点的向心加速度方向均指向地心D．在地球的某一条半径上，各点的线速度均与它到地心的距离成正比8．（3分）如图所示，在绳下端挂一物体，用力F作用于O点；使悬线偏离竖直方向的夹角为α，且保持物体平衡，设F与水平方向的夹角为β，在保持α不变的情况下，要使拉力F的值最小，则β应等于（）A．αB．C．0D．2α9．（4分）已知磁敏电阻在没有磁场时电阻很小，在有磁场时电阻很大，并且磁场越强阻值越大，为了探测有无磁场，利用磁敏电阻作为传感器设计了如图所示电路，电源电动势E和内阻r不变，在没有磁场时，条件变阻器R使电灯发光，当探测装置从无磁场区进入强磁场区（设电灯L不会烧坏），则（）A．电灯L变亮B．电流表示数增大C．变阻器R的功率增大D．磁敏电阻两端的电压减小10．（4分）如图所示，在有界匀强磁场中水平放置相互平行的金属导轨，导轨电阻不计，导轨上金属杆ab与导线接触良好，磁感线垂直导轨平面向上（俯视图），导轨与处于磁场外的大线圈M相接，欲使置于M内的小闭合线圈N 产生顺时针方向的感应电流，下列做法可行的是（）A．ab匀速向右运动B．ab加速向右运动C．ab加速向左运动D．ab匀速向左运动11．（4分）一个质量为M'的箱子放在水平地面上，箱内用一段固定长度的轻质细线栓一质量为m的小球，线的另一端拴在箱子的顶板上，现把细线和球拉到左侧与竖直方向成θ角处静止释放，如图所示，在小球摆动的过程中箱子始终保持静止，则以下判断正确的是（）A．在小球摆动的过程中，线的张力呈周期性变化，但箱子对地面的作用力始终保持不变B．小球摆到右侧最高点时，地面受到的压力为（M+m）g，箱子受到地面向左的静摩擦C．小球摆到最低点时，地面受到的压力为（M+m）g，箱子不受地面的摩擦力D．小球摆到最低点时，绳对箱顶的拉力大于mg，箱子对地面的压力大于（M+m）g12．（4分）一质点做简谐振动，振幅为A，周期为T，O为平衡位置，B、C为两侧最大位移处，从经过位置P（P与O、B、C三点均不重合）时开始计时，则下列说法正确的是（）A．经过时，质点的平均速度必小于B．经过时，质点的路程不可能大于A，但可能小于AC．经过时，质点的瞬时速度不可能与经过时相等D．经过时，质点的瞬时速度与经过P点时速度方向可能相同也可能相反二、填空题13．（3分）国际单位制中力学的基本物理量是长度、时间和；用国际单位制基本单位表示磁感应强度的单位，1T=．14．（3分）如图所示，两金属棒ab、cd放在磁场中，并组成闭合电路，当ab 棒向左运动时，cd棒受到向下的磁场力，则可知磁极I是极，理由是．15．（3分）如图为点电荷Q产生的电场，图中虚线为等势线，若将两个带正电检验电荷和q1、q2分别从A、B两点移动到无穷远处的过程中，外力克服电场力做功均为W=6×0﹣6J，其中q1=2×0﹣6C，则A点电势φA=V，q2的电荷量（选填“等于”、“小于”或“大于”）q1的电荷量．16．（3分）如图所示电路，M、N是一对平行金属板，将N板接地。
上海市虹口区达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测化学试题含解析
上海市虹口区达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测化学试题一、单选题（本题包括15个小题，每小题4分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．SO2不具有的性质是（）A．碱性B．还原性C．氧化性D．漂白性2．公元八世纪，Jabir ibn Hayyan在干馏硝石的过程中首次发现并制得硝酸(4KNO32K2O+4NO↑+3O2↑)，同时他也是硫酸和王水的发现者。
下列说法正确的是A．干馏产生的混合气体理论上可被水完全吸收B．王水是由3体积浓硝酸与1体积浓盐酸配制而成的C．王水溶解金时，其中的盐酸作氧化剂(Au+HNO3+4HCl=H[AuCl4]+NO↑+2H2O)D．实验室可用NaNO3与浓硫酸反应制备少量的HNO3，利用的是浓硫酸的氧化性3．“爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。
千门万户瞳瞳日，总把新桃换旧符。
”是王安石的作品《元日》，其中的“屠苏”是一种酒。
下列说法错误的是（）A．黑火药是由硫黄、硝石和木炭按照一定比例混合而成B．“屠苏”中不含非电解质C．爆竹爆炸发生了化学变化D．早期的桃符大都是木质的，其主要成分纤维素可以发生水解反应4．将镁铝合金溶于100 mL 稀硝酸中，产生1.12 L NO气体（标准状况），向反应后的溶液中加入NaOH 溶液，产生沉淀情况如图所示。
下列说法不正确的是A．可以求出合金中镁铝的物质的量比为1∶1 B．可以求出硝酸的物质的量浓度C．可以求出沉淀的最大质量为3.21 克D．氢氧化钠溶液浓度为3 mol / L5．历史文物本身蕴含着许多化学知识，下列说法错误的是（）A．战国曾侯乙编钟属于青铜制品，青铜是一种合金B．秦朝兵马俑用陶土烧制而成，属硅酸盐产品C．宋王希孟《千里江山图》所用纸张为宣纸，其主要成分是碳纤维D．对敦煌莫高窟壁画颜料分析，其绿色颜料铜绿的主要成分是碱式碳酸铜6．以下是中华民族为人类文明进步做出巨大贡献的几个事例，运用化学知识对其进行的分析不合理的是A．四千余年前用谷物酿造出酒和醋，酿造过程中只发生水解反应B．商代后期铸造出工艺精湛的后(司)母戊鼎，该鼎属于铜合金制品C．汉代烧制出“明如镜、声如磬”的瓷器，其主要原料为黏士D．屠呦呦用乙醚从青蒿中提取出对治疗疟疾有特效的青蒿素，该过程包括萃取操作7．给定条件下，下列选项中所示的物质间转化均能一步实现的是A．NaCl(aq)NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s)B．CuCl2 Cu(OH)2CuC．Al NaAlO2(aq) NaAlO2(s)D．MgO(s) Mg(NO3)2(aq) Mg(s)8．以铁作阳极，利用电解原理可使废水中的污染物凝聚而分离，其工作原理如图所示。
上海市虹口区2018年高三(一模)化学试题及答案
A. 铁作正极 B. 该装置可以减缓铁的腐蚀 C. 铁上发生的电极反应：Fe-3e-=Fe3+ D. 碳上发生的电极反应：O2+ 4e-+2H2O=4OH13. 下列鉴别浓硫酸和稀硫酸的操作与结论有误的是（ ）
操作
结论
A 分别加入金属铝片
产生刺激性气味者为浓硫酸
B 分别加入到盛水的试管中
剧烈放热者为浓硫酸
2. 下列关于 和 的说法正确的是（ ）
A. 所有性质都相同 B. 电子数不同
C. 属于同素异形体 D. 质子数相同
3. 下列过程属于人工固氮的是（ ）
A. 工业合成氨 B. 闪电时，氮气转化为 NO
C. 用 NH3 和 CO2 合成尿素 D. 用硫酸吸收氨气得到硫酸铵 4. 下列各组物质中，由极性键构成的极性分子是（ ）
系是（ ）
A. c(Na+ )> c(CHCOO -) B. c(Na+ )= c(CHCOO -)
C. c(Na+ )< c(CHCOO -) D. 不能确定
17. 室温下，一定量 Cl2 恰好被含有 0.2mol NaOH 的烧碱溶液吸收： Cl2+NaOH =NaClO +NaCl+ H2O。反应后 溶液 pH=11，下列说法正确的是（ ）（NA 表示阿佛加德罗常数） A. Cl2 的体积为 2.24L B. 混合溶液中含有 0.1NA 个 ClOC. 溶液中 c(OH -) =10 -11mol/L D. 该过程中电子转移数目为 0.1NA 18. 在密闭容器中，一定条件下，进行如下反应： 2SO2 (g) +O 2(g) 2SO3 (g)+Q；达到平衡后，为提高 该反应的速率且平衡向右移动，采取的正确措施是（ ）
2018年奉虹口学一摸试卷及答案
一、选择题1.(2018虹口一模01)银的元素符号是A ．AgB ．HgC ．AlD ．Mg2.(2018虹口一模02)空气中含量最多的气体是A ．氮气B ．氧气C ．二氧化碳D ．水蒸气3.(2018虹口一模03)属于化学变化的是A ．金属导电B ．煤气燃烧C ．干冰升华D ．酒精挥发4.(2018虹口一模04)属于氧化物的是A ．Na 2CO 3B ．O 2C ．Al 2O 3D ．KOH5.(2018虹口一模05)放入水能形成溶液的是A ．植物油B ．粉笔灰C ．泥沙D ．食盐6.(2018虹口一模06)ClO 2是一种高效的消毒剂，其中氯元素的化合价是A ．–1B ．–2C ．+2D ．+47.(2018虹口一模07)属于同素异形体的是A ．CO 和CO 2B ．石墨和C 60C ．氧气和液氧D ．水和双氧水8.(2018虹口一模08)属于纯净物的是A ．蒸馏水B ．白醋C ．芝麻油D ．牛奶9.(2018虹口一模09)水的净化过程中，常用来除去异味的是A ．活性炭B ．明矾C ．氯气D ．氯化铁10.(2018虹口一模10)一些食物的近似pH 如下，其中显碱性的是A ．葡萄：3.5~4.5B ．苹果：2.9~3.3C ．牛奶：6.3~6.6D ．鸡蛋清：7.6~8.011.(2018虹口一模11)工业生产合成气，反应的化学方程式是X+H 2O −−→−高温CO+3H 2，其中Ｘ为A ．CH 4B ．H 2CO 3C ．CO 2D ．CH 4O12.(2018虹口一模12)属于分解反应的是A ．2C+O 2−−→−点燃2COB ．CH 4+2O 2−−→−点燃CO 2+2H 2O C ．H 2CO 3 −→−∆H 2O+CO 2↑D ．CuSO 4+2NaOH →Na 2SO 4+Cu(OH)2↓ 13.(2018虹口一模13)物质在氧气中燃烧的现象正确的是A ．木炭：红光B ．硫：淡蓝色火焰C ．铁丝：火星四射D ．氢气：白光14.(2018虹口一模14)有关物质的用途正确的是A ．氧气：植物光合作用的原料B ．氦气：保护气C ．冰：人工降雨D ．金刚石：电极15.(2018虹口一模15)粗盐提纯的实验中，没有涉及的操作是A ．溶解B ．过滤C ．蒸发结晶D ．降温结晶16.(2018虹口一模16)实验操作正确的是17.(2018虹口一模17)“2O2”的微观示意图是18.(2018虹口一模18)下列说法正确的是A．化合物中最多只可能含有一种原子团B．将带火星的木条伸入集气瓶中不复燃，瓶中不含氧气C．分离液态空气制取氧气，氧元素的存在形态没有改变D．使可燃物充分燃烧的两种方法是增加可燃物的量和提供充足的氧气19.(2018虹口一模19)压轴题如下图所示，向等质量的氧化钙和氢氧化钙中分别加入等质量的水，均全部溶解，得到20℃的溶液。
2018年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷
2018年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）函数f（x）=lg（2﹣x）定义域为．2．（4分）已知f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，则f（﹣1）+f（0）+f（1）=．3．（4分）首项和公比均为的等比数列{a n}，S n是它的前n项和，则=．4．（4分）在△ABC中，∠A，∠B，∠C所对的边分别是a，b，c，如果a：b：c=2：3：4，那么cosC=．5．（4分）已知复数z=a+bi（a，b∈R）满足|z|=1，则a•b的范围是．6．（4分）某学生要从物理、化学、生物、政治、历史、地理这六门学科中选三门参加等级考，要求是物理、化学、生物这三门至少要选一门，政治、历史、地理这三门也至少要选一门，则该生的可能选法总数是．7．（5分）已知M、N是三棱锥P﹣ABC的棱AB、PC的中点，记三棱锥P﹣ABC 的体积为V1，三棱锥N﹣MBC的体积为V2，则等于．8．（5分）在平面直角坐标系中，双曲线的一个顶点与抛物线y2=12x的焦点重合，则双曲线的两条渐近线的方程为．9．（5分）已知y=sinx和y=cosx的图象的连续的三个交点A、B、C构成三角形△ABC，则△ABC的面积等于．10．（5分）设椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2，过焦点F1的直线交椭圆于M、N两点，若△MNF 2的内切圆的面积为π，则=．11．（5分）在△ABC中，D是BC的中点，点列P n（n∈N*）在线段AC上，且满足，若a1=1，则数列{a n}的通项公式a n=．12．（5分）设f（x）=x2+2a•x+b•2x，其中a，b∈N，x∈R，如果函数y=f（x）与函数y=f（f（x））都有零点且它们的零点完全相同，则（a，b）为．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）异面直线a和b所成的角为θ，则θ的范围是（）A．B．（0，π） C．D．（0，π]14．（5分）命题：“若x2=1，则x=1”的逆否命题为（）A．若x≠1，则x≠1或x≠﹣1 B．若x=1，则x=1或x=﹣1C．若x≠1，则x≠1且x≠﹣1 D．若x=1，则x=1且x=﹣115．（5分）已知函数，则f（1）+f（2）+f（3）+…+f（2017）=（）A．2017 B．1513 C．D．16．（5分）已知Rt△ABC中，∠A=90°，AB=4，AC=6，在三角形所在的平面内有两个动点M和N，满足，，则的取值范围是（）A．B．[4，6]C．D．三.解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18=76分）17．（14分）如图，在三棱锥P﹣ABC中，PA=AC=PC=AB=a，PA⊥AB，AC⊥AB，M为AC的中点．（1）求证：PM⊥平面ABC；（2）求直线PB和平面ABC所成的角的大小．18．（14分）已知函数，其中x∈R，ω＞0，且此函数的最小正周期等于π．（1）求ω的值，并写出此函数的单调递增区间；（2）求此函数在的最大值和最小值．19．（14分）如图，阴影部分为古建筑群所在地，其形状是一个长为2km，宽为1km的矩形，矩形两边AB、AD紧靠两条互相垂直的路上，现要过点C修一条直线的路l，这条路不能穿过古建筑群，且与另两条路交于点P和Q．（1）设AQ=x（km），将△APQ的面积S表示为x的函数；（2）求△APQ的面积S（km）的最小值．20．（16分）已知平面内的定点F到定直线l的距离等于p（p＞0），动圆M过点F且与直线l相切，记圆心M的轨迹为曲线C，在曲线C上任取一点A，过A 作l的垂线，垂足为E．（1）求曲线C的轨迹方程；（2）记点A到直线l的距离为d，且，求∠EAF的取值范围；（3）判断∠EAF的平分线所在的直线与曲线的交点个数，并说明理由．21．（18分）已知无穷数列{a n}的各项均为正数，其前n项和为S n，a1=4．（1）如果a2=2，且对于一切正整数n，均有，求S n；（2）如果对于一切正整数n，均有a n•a n+1=S n，求S n；（3）如果对于一切正整数n，均有a n+a n+1=3S n，证明：a3n﹣1能被8整除．2018年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）函数f（x）=lg（2﹣x）定义域为（﹣∞，2）．【解答】解：要使函数有意义，可得2﹣x＞0，即x＜2．函数f（x）=lg（2﹣x）定义域为：（﹣∞，2）．故答案为：（﹣∞，2）．2．（4分）已知f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，则f（﹣1）+f（0）+f（1）=0．【解答】解：∵f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，∴f（﹣1）=﹣f（1），f（0）=0，即f（﹣1）+f（0）+f（1）=0，故答案为：0．3．（4分）首项和公比均为的等比数列{a n}，S n是它的前n项和，则= 1．【解答】解：根据题意，等比数列{a n}的首项和公比均为，则其前n项和S n==1﹣（）n，则=1；故答案为：1．4．（4分）在△ABC中，∠A，∠B，∠C所对的边分别是a，b，c，如果a：b：c=2：3：4，那么cosC=﹣．【解答】解：因为a：b：c=2：3：4，所以设a=2k，b=3k，c=4k，则根据余弦定理得：cosC===﹣．故答案为：﹣5．（4分）已知复数z=a+bi（a，b∈R）满足|z|=1，则a•b的范围是[，] ．【解答】解：∵z=a+bi（a，b∈R），且|z|=1，∴，即a2+b2=1，令a=cosθ，b=sinθ，则ab=cosθ•sinθ=，∴ab∈[，]．故答案为：．6．（4分）某学生要从物理、化学、生物、政治、历史、地理这六门学科中选三门参加等级考，要求是物理、化学、生物这三门至少要选一门，政治、历史、地理这三门也至少要选一门，则该生的可能选法总数是18．【解答】解：根据题意，要求是物理、化学、生物这三门至少要选一门，政治、历史、地理这三门也至少要选一门，分2种情况讨论：①、从物理、化学、生物这三门中选1门，政治、历史、地理这三门选2门，有C31C32=9种选法，②、从物理、化学、生物这三门中选2门，政治、历史、地理这三门选1门，有C31C32=9种选法，则一共有9+9=18种选法；故答案为：187．（5分）已知M、N是三棱锥P﹣ABC的棱AB、PC的中点，记三棱锥P﹣ABC 的体积为V1，三棱锥N﹣MBC的体积为V2，则等于．【解答】解：如图，设三棱锥P﹣ABC的底面积为S，高为h，∵M是AB的中点，∴，∵N是PC的中点，∴三棱锥N﹣MBC的高为，则，，∴=．故答案为：．8．（5分）在平面直角坐标系中，双曲线的一个顶点与抛物线y2=12x 的焦点重合，则双曲线的两条渐近线的方程为．【解答】解：根据题意，抛物线y2=12x的焦点为（3，0），若双曲线的一个顶点与抛物线y2=12x的焦点重合，则双曲线的顶点坐标为（±3，0），则有a2=9，则双曲线的方程为：﹣y2=1，双曲线的焦点在x轴上，则其渐近线方程为故答案为：9．（5分）已知y=sinx和y=cosx的图象的连续的三个交点A、B、C构成三角形△ABC，则△ABC的面积等于．【解答】解：由题意正余弦函数的图象可得：y=sinx和y=cosx的图象的连续的三个交点A、B、C构成三角形△ABC是等腰三角形，∵底边长为一个周期T=2π，高为，∴△ABC的面积=2=，故答案为：．10．（5分）设椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2，过焦点F1的直线交椭圆于M、N两点，若△MNF 2的内切圆的面积为π，则=4．【解答】解：∵椭圆+的左右焦点分别为F1，F2，a=2，过焦点F1的直线交椭圆于M（x1，y1），N（x2，y2）两点，△MNF2的内切圆的面积为π，∴△MNF2内切圆半径r=1．∴△MNF2面积S=×1×（MN+MF2+MF2）=2a=4，故答案为：411．（5分）在△ABC中，D是BC的中点，点列P n（n∈N*）在线段AC上，且满足，若a1=1，则数列{a n}的通项公式a n=．【解答】解：如图所示，∵D是BC的中点，∴=+=+，又=+，，∴+=+a n（+），化为：=（1﹣a n﹣a n+1）+，∵点列P n（n∈N*）在线段AC上，∴1﹣a n﹣a n+1+=1，=﹣，又a1=1，化为：a n+1则数列{a n}是等比数列，首项为1，公比为﹣．∴a n=．故答案为：．12．（5分）设f（x）=x2+2a•x+b•2x，其中a，b∈N，x∈R，如果函数y=f（x）与函数y=f（f（x））都有零点且它们的零点完全相同，则（a，b）为（0，0）或（1，0）．【解答】解：根据题意，函数y=f（x）的零点为方程x2+2a•x+b•2x=0的根，如果函数y=f（x）与函数y=f（f（x））的零点完全相同，则有f（x）=x，即x2+2a•x+b•2x=x，方程x2+2a•x+b•2x=x的根就是函数y=f（x）与函数y=f（f（x））的零点，则有，解可得x=0，即x2+2a•x+b•2x=0的1个根为x=0，分析可得b=0，则f（x）=x2+2a•x，解可得x1=0或x2=﹣2a，f（f（x））=（x2+2a•x）2+2a（x2+2a•x），若函数y=f（x）与函数y=f（f（x））的零点完全相同，分析可得a=0或a=1，则（a，b）为（0，0）或（1，0）；故答案为（0，0）或（1，0）．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）异面直线a和b所成的角为θ，则θ的范围是（）A．B．（0，π） C．D．（0，π]【解答】解：∵异面直线a和b所成的角为θ，∴θ的范围是（0，]．故选：C．14．（5分）命题：“若x2=1，则x=1”的逆否命题为（）A．若x≠1，则x≠1或x≠﹣1 B．若x=1，则x=1或x=﹣1C．若x≠1，则x≠1且x≠﹣1 D．若x=1，则x=1且x=﹣1【解答】解：命题：“若x2=1，则x=1”的逆否命题为“若x≠1，则x2≠1”；即“若x≠1，则x≠1且x≠﹣1”．故选：C．15．（5分）已知函数，则f（1）+f（2）+f（3）+…+f（2017）=（）A．2017 B．1513 C．D．【解答】解：∵函数，∴f（1）+f（2）+f（3）+…+f（2017）=1009×f（﹣1）+1008×f（0）=1009×2﹣1+1008×20=．故选：D．16．（5分）已知Rt△ABC中，∠A=90°，AB=4，AC=6，在三角形所在的平面内有两个动点M和N，满足，，则的取值范围是（）A．B．[4，6]C．D．【解答】解：以AB，AC为坐标轴建立坐标系，则B（4，0），C（0，6），∵||=2，∴M的轨迹是以A为圆心，以2为半径的圆．∵，∴N是MC的中点．设M（2cosα，2sinα），则N（cosα，sinα+3），∴=（cosα﹣4，sinα+3），∴||2=（cosα﹣4）2+（sinα+3）2=6sinα﹣8cosα+26=10sin（α﹣φ）+26，∴当sin（α﹣φ）=﹣1时，||取得最小值=4，当sin（α﹣φ）=1时，||取得最大值=6．故选：B．三.解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18=76分）17．（14分）如图，在三棱锥P﹣ABC中，PA=AC=PC=AB=a，PA⊥AB，AC⊥AB，M为AC的中点．（1）求证：PM⊥平面ABC；（2）求直线PB和平面ABC所成的角的大小．【解答】证明：（1）在三棱锥P﹣ABC中，∵PA=AC=PC=AB=a，PA⊥AB，AC⊥AB，M为AC的中点．∴PM⊥AC，AB⊥平面PAC，∴PM⊥AB，∵AB∩AC=A，∴PM⊥平面ABC．解：（2）连结BM，∵PM⊥平面ABC，∴∠PBM是直线PB和平面ABC所成的角，∵PA=AC=PC=AB=a，PA⊥AB，AC⊥AB，M为AC的中点，∴PM==，BM===，∴tan∠PBM===，∴．∴直线PB和平面ABC所成的角为arctan．18．（14分）已知函数，其中x∈R，ω＞0，且此函数的最小正周期等于π．（1）求ω的值，并写出此函数的单调递增区间；（2）求此函数在的最大值和最小值．【解答】解：函数=sinωx+cosωx=2sin （ωx），（1）∵函数的最小正周期等于π．即∴ω=2．可得f（x）=2sin（2x），由2x，k∈Z得：≤x≤故得函数的单调递增区间为[，]，k∈Z（2）∵f（x）=2sin（2x），当，（2x）∈[]∴当2x=时，函数f（x）取得最大值为2．当2x=时，函数f（x）取得最小值为﹣1．19．（14分）如图，阴影部分为古建筑群所在地，其形状是一个长为2km，宽为1km的矩形，矩形两边AB、AD紧靠两条互相垂直的路上，现要过点C修一条直线的路l，这条路不能穿过古建筑群，且与另两条路交于点P和Q．（1）设AQ=x（km），将△APQ的面积S表示为x的函数；（2）求△APQ的面积S（km）的最小值．【解答】解：（1）设AQ=x，则由得：即AP=故S==（x＞1）；（2）由（1）得：S′=（x＞1）；当x∈（1，2）时，S′＜0，当x∈（2，+∞）时，S′＞0，故x=2时，S min=4．20．（16分）已知平面内的定点F到定直线l的距离等于p（p＞0），动圆M过点F且与直线l相切，记圆心M的轨迹为曲线C，在曲线C上任取一点A，过A 作l的垂线，垂足为E．（1）求曲线C的轨迹方程；（2）记点A到直线l的距离为d，且，求∠EAF的取值范围；（3）判断∠EAF的平分线所在的直线与曲线的交点个数，并说明理由．【解答】解：（1）如图，以FK的中点为坐标原点O，FK所在的直线为x轴，过O的垂线为y轴建立直角坐标系，即有F（，0），直线l：x=﹣，动圆M过点F且与直线l相切，可得|AE|=|AF|，由抛物线的定义可得曲线C的轨迹为F为焦点、直线l为准线的抛物线，可得方程为y2=2px；（2）点A到直线l的距离为d，可得|AE|=|AF|=d，且，设A（x0，y0），可得y02=2px0，即有d=x0+，则x0=d﹣，即有|EF|2=p2+y02=p2+2p（d﹣）=2pd，在△EAF中，cos∠EAF==1﹣，可得﹣≤cos∠EAF≤，可得arccos≤π﹣arccos，则∠EAF的取值范围是[arccos]；（3）∠EAF的平分线所在的直线与曲线的交点个数为1．设A（x0，y0），可得y02=2px0，当A与O重合时，显然一个交点；当A不与O重合，由∠EAF的平分线交x轴于M，连接EM，可得∠AMF=∠MAF，即有|MF|=|AF|=d，四边形AEMF为菱形，EF垂直平分AM，可得∠AMF+∠EFM=90°，tan∠AMF=cot∠EFM==，可设y0＞0，则直线AM的方程为y﹣y0=（x﹣x0），则y0y﹣y02=px﹣px0，化为y0y=px+px0，代入抛物线的方程y2=2px，消去x可得，y2﹣2y0y+2px0=0，即为（y﹣y0）2=0，可得y=y0，x=x0，即∠EAF的平分线所在的直线与曲线的交点个数为1．21．（18分）已知无穷数列{a n}的各项均为正数，其前n项和为S n，a1=4．（1）如果a2=2，且对于一切正整数n，均有，求S n；（2）如果对于一切正整数n，均有a n•a n+1=S n，求S n；（3）如果对于一切正整数n，均有a n+a n+1=3S n，证明：a3n﹣1能被8整除．【解答】解：（1）∵无穷数列{a n}的各项均为正数，其前n项和为S n，a1=4．a2=2，且对于一切正整数n，均有，∴==1，=，由此猜想=23﹣n．再利用数学归纳法证明：①当n=1时，=4，成立．②假设n=k时，成立，即，====2（6﹣2k）﹣（4﹣k）=22﹣k=23﹣（k+1）．则a k+1由①②得，∴{a n}是首项为4，公比为的等比数列，∴S n==8（1﹣）．（2）∵对于一切正整数n，均有a n•a n+1=S n，∴S n=a n a n+1，S n﹣1=a n﹣1a n，∴a n=a n（a n+1﹣a n﹣1），∴a n+1﹣a n﹣1=1．a1=4，由a n•a n+1=S n，得a2=1，a3=5，a4=3，…∴当n为偶数时，+===．当n为奇数时，S n=++==．证明：（3）∵对于一切正整数n，均有a n+a n+1=3S n，∴a n+a n+1=3S n，a n﹣1+a n=3S n﹣1，﹣a n﹣1=3a n，∴a n+1a1+a2=3a1，a2=2a1=8，能被8整除，a3﹣a1=3a2，a3=28，假设a3k﹣1=8m，m∈N*．∴a1=4，a2=8，a3=28，=3a n+a n﹣1，n≥2∵a n+1∴a3n能被4整除，=3a3k+1+a3k=3（3a3k+a3k﹣1）+a3k故a3k+2=10a3k+3a3k﹣1=40p+24q，p，q∈N*能被8整除，综上，a3n能被8整除．﹣1。
2018年虹口区高三一模英语 阅读B篇解析
(B)You may read the questions first.Indian Heroes and Great ChieftainsThe book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.Name: Sitting BullBirth: 1831Death: 12-15-1890He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a1997 documentary (纪录片) — The Great Tribes, he was known as aholy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Siouxand Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a Europeantour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations frombeing separated again. He led his people during years of resistance toUnited States government policies and was killed by Indian agencypolice on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.Name: Crazy HorseBirth: 1842Death: 9-5-1877Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior(勇士) and a gentle leader aswell as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux,celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve NativeAmerican traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force theSioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and othersin the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in hisbook Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words”.Name: Red CloudBirth: 1822Death: 12-10-1909He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills.In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the BlackHills didn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these areascouldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According toEastman’s book Indian H eroes, he was said to have fought against thetreaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area.Name: Lozen QuanahBirth: late 1840sDeath: 1890Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to thepeople. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.60. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse?A. He was friendly to his soldier.B. He showed great courage.C. He was a great talker.D. He was respected.61. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. Sitting Bull disliked travelingB. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian historyC. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrowsD. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses62. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.A. show Indians’ lives to readersB. describe great Indian heroes and heroinesC. show the history of the IndiansD. comment on a history book60. 参考答案：C考点：细节题解析：题目问的是：描述Crazy Horse这个人时，以下选项哪一个是错误的？那我们定位到Name: Crazy Horse这段。
虹口区2018 学年度第一学期教学质量监控测试一模高三数学试卷18.12
虹口区 高三数学 本卷共4页 第1页（第11题图）虹口区2018学年度第一学期教学质量监控测试高三数学 试卷 2018年12月考生注意：1.本试卷共4页，21道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟.2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸. 作答必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分.一、填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共12题，第1-6题，每空填对得4分;第7-12题，每空填对得5分. 请直接将结果填写在答题纸相应题号的空格内.1.计算153lim ________.54n nnnn +→+∞-=+ 2. 不等式21xx >-的解集为_________. 3．设全集{}{}3,2,1,0,1,2log (1),U R A B x y x ==--==-若，则()UA B =_______．4. 设常数,a R ∈若函数()()3log f x x a =+的反函数的图像经过点()2,1，则a =_______.5. 若一个球的表面积为4,π 则它的体积为________.6. 函数8()f x x x=+[)(2,8)x ∈的值域为________. 7．二项式62x ⎫+⎪⎭的展开式的常数项为________．8. 双曲线22143x y -=的焦点到其渐近线的距离为_________. 9. 若复数z =sin 1cos i iθθ-（i 为虚数单位），则z 的模的最大值为_________.10.已知7个实数1,2,4,,,,a b c d -依次构成等比数列，若从这7个数中任取2个，则它们的和为正数的概率为__________.11.如图，已知半圆O 的直径4,AB = OAC ∆是 等边三角形，若点P 是边AC （包含端点,A C ）上的 动点，点Q 在弧BC 上，且满足,OQ OP ⊥ 则OP BQ ⋅ 的最小值为__________.12.若直线y k x =与曲线2log (2)21x y x +=--恰有两个公共点，则实数k 的取值范围为________.虹口区 高三数学 本卷共4页 第2页（第17题图）二、选择题（本大题共4题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应题号上，将所选答案的代号涂黑，选对得 5分，否则一律零分. 13.已知,x R ∈则“1233x -<”是“1x <”的 （ ）（A ）充分非必要条件 （B ）必要非充分条件 （C ）充要条件 （D ）既非充分又非必要条件14．关于三个不同平面,,αβγ与直线l ，下列命题中的假命题是 ( ) （A ）若,αβ⊥则α内一定存在直线平行于β（B ）若αβ与不垂直，则α内一定不存在直线垂直于β （C ）若,,l αγβγαβ⊥⊥⋂=， 则l γ⊥ （D ）若,αβ⊥则α内所有直线垂直于β15．已知函数21,1,()1,(),11,1,1,x f x a x x g x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=-+=-<<⎨⎪≥⎩若函数()()y f x g x =-恰有两个零点，则实数a 的取值范围为 （ ）（A ）(0,)+∞ （B ）(,0)(0,1)-∞⋃ （C ）1(,)(1,)2-∞-⋃+∞ （D ）(,0)(0,2)-∞⋃16．已知点E 是抛物线2:2(0)C y p x p =>的对称轴与准线的交点，点F 为抛物线C 的 焦点，点P 在抛物线C 上.在EFP ∆中，若sin sin EFP FEP μ∠=⋅∠，则μ的最大值为（）（A ）2（B ）2（C（D 三、解答题（本大题共5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.17．(本题满分14分) 本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分. 在如图所示的圆锥中，底面直径与母线长均为4， 点C 是底面直径AB 所对弧的中点，点D 是母线PA 的中点.（1）求该圆锥的侧面积与体积；（2）求异面直线AB 与CD 所成角的大小.虹口区 高三数学 本卷共4页 第3页B （第19题图）18．（本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分． 已知函数16()1(0,1)x f x a a a a+=->≠+是定义在R 上的奇函数. (1)求实数a 的值及函数()f x 的值域；(2)若不等式 ()[]331,2xt f x x ⋅≥-∈在上恒成立，求实数t 的取值范围.19．(本题满分14分) 本题共2小题，每小题7分.某城市的棚户区改造建筑用地平面示意图如图所示，经过调研、规划确定，棚改规划用地区域近似为圆面，该圆的内接四边形ABCD 区域是原棚户区建筑用地，测量可知边界2()3(),1().AB AD k m BC k m CD k m ====，(1) 求AC 的长及原棚户区建筑用地ABCD 的面积； （2）因地理条件限制，边界,AD DC 不能变更，而 边界,AB BC 可以调整，为了增加棚户区建筑用地的面 积，请在弧 ABC 上设计一点,P 使得棚户区改造后的 新建筑用地（四边形APCD ）的面积最大，并求出这 个面积最大值.20．（本题满分16分）本题共3小题，第1小题5分，第2小题5分，第3小题6分. 设椭圆22:1,2x y Γ+=点F 为其右焦点， 过点F 的直线与椭圆Γ相交于点,.P Q (1) 当点P 在椭圆Γ上运动时，求线段FP 的中点M 的轨迹方程；(2) 如图1，点R 的坐标为（2，0），若点S 是点P 关于x 轴的对称点，求证：点,,Q S R 共线；(3) 如图2，点T 是直线:2l x =上的任意一点，设直线,,PT FT QT 的斜率分别为,PT k,,FT QT k k 求证：,,PT FT QT k k k 成等差数列；（第20题图1）（第20题图2）虹口区 高三数学 本卷共4页 第4页21.(本题满分18分) 本题共3小题，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题8分. 对于()n n N *∈个实数构成的集合{}12,,,n E e e e =,记12E n S e e e =+++.已知由n 个正整数构成的集合{}12,,,n A a a a =12(,3)n a a a n <<<≥满足:对于任意不大于A S 的正整数,m 均存在集合A 的一个子集，使得该子集的所有元素之和等于.m （1）试求12,a a 的值； （2）求证：“12,,,n a a a 成等差数列”的充要条件是“1(1)2A S n n =+”； （3）若2018A S =， 求证：n 的最小值为11；并求n 取最小值时，n a 的最大值.。
上海市虹口区2018年高三(一模)生命科学试题及答案
A. B 淋巴细胞 B. T 淋巴细胞 C. 记忆 B 细胞 D. 浆细胞 11. 下列关于人体激素、来源和作用对应正确的是（ ） A.
B.
C.
D. 12. 在“观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象”实验中，对脚趾皮肤进行环割剥除是为了研究（ ） A. 脊髓在反射活动中的作用 B. 感受器在反射活动中的作用 C. 效应器在反射活动中的作用 D. 传入神经在反射活动中的作用 13. 小萌的手不小心碰到滚烫热水，她会立即缩回手并马上用冷水冲洗，小萌的反应（ ） A. 前者是条件反射 B. 前者与脊髓活动无关 C. 后者是非条件反射 D. 后者与大脑皮质活动有关 14. 人体在剧烈运动时血压升高，原因是（ ） A. 血管弹性增强 B. 血管管径变小 C. 心跳速率加快 D. 血液总量增加 ........................... 15. 图中字母表示各种体液。各种体液之间电解质浓度差别最大的一组是（ ）
B. 菌毛和荚膜关联着细菌的毒力
C. 病原菌一旦感染人体必然使人患病 D. 各种病原菌定居在人体内各种适宜的组织环境
中
4. 如图是一种单体的结构简图，以此为基本单位构成的化合物不存在于（ ）
A. 蓝细菌 中 B. 噬菌体中 C. 烟草花叶病毒中 D. 人体肝细胞中 5. 如图为无氧条件下发生的化学反应，该反应（ ）
虹口区 2017~2018 学年度等级考第一次质量调研 生命科学试卷
上海市虹口区达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测物理试题含解析
上海市虹口区达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．一列简谐横波沿x轴正向传播，某时刻的波形如图所示。
在波继续传播一个波长的时间内，下列图中能正确描述x＝2m处的质点受到的回复力与其位移的关系的是（）A．B．C．D．2．如图所示，装有细沙的木板在斜坡上匀速下滑。
某一时刻，一部分细沙从木板上漏出。
则在细沙漏出前后，下列说法正确的是（）A．木板始终做匀速运动B．木板所受合外力变大C．木板由匀速变为匀加速直线运动D．木板所受斜坡的摩擦力不变3．下列说法正确的是（）A．电子的发现说明原子具有核式结构B．β衰变现象说明电子是原子核的组成部分C．某金属在光照射下发生光电效应，入射光频率越高，该金属的逸出功越大D．某金属在光照射下发生光电效应，入射光频率越高，逸出光电子的最大初动能越大4．工在生产纺织品、纸张等绝缘材料时为了实时监控其厚度，通常要在生产流水线上设置如图所示传感器。
其中A、B为平行板电容器的上、下两个极板，上下位置均固定，且分别接在恒压直流电源的两极上（电源电压小于材料的击穿电压）。
当流水线上通过的产品厚度减小时，下列说法正确的是（）A．A、B平行板电容器的电容增大B．A、B两板上的电荷量变大C．有电流从a向b流过灵敏电流计D．A、B两板间的电场强度变大5．1897年英国物理学家约瑟夫·约翰·汤姆生在研究阴极射线时发现了电子，这是人类最早发现的基本粒子。
下列有关电子说法正确的是（）A．电子的发现说明原子核是有内部结构的B．β射线也可能是原子核外电子电离形成的电子流，它具有中等的穿透能力C．光电效应实验中，逸出的光电子来源于金属中自由电子D．卢瑟福的原子核式结构模型认为核外电子的轨道半径是量子化的6．在如图所示的逻辑电路中，当A端输入电信号”1”、B端输入电信号”0”时，则在C和D端输出的电信号分别为A．1和0 B．0和1 C．1和l D．0和0二、多项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分7．下列说法中正确的有（）A．满足F=﹣kx的振动是简谐运动B．波可以发生干涉、衍射等现象C．由波速公式v=λf可知，空气中声波的波速由f、λ共同决定D．发生多普勒效应时波的频率发生了变化E.周期性的振荡电场和振荡磁场彼此交互激发并向远处传播形成电磁波8．如图，海王星绕太阳沿椭圆轨道运动，P为近日点，Q为远日点，M、N为轨道短轴的两个端点，运行的周期为T0，若只考虑海王星和太阳之间的相互作用，则海王星在从P经过M、Q到N的运动过程中()A ．从P 到M 所用的时间等于04TB ．从Q 到N 阶段，机械能逐渐变大C ．从P 到Q 阶段，速率逐渐变小D ．从M 到N 阶段，万有引力对它先做负功后做正功9．如图，光滑平行导轨MN 和PQ 固定在同一水平面内，两导轨间距为L ，MP 间接有阻值为2R 的定值电阻。
上海市虹口区达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测地理试题含解析
上海市虹口区达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测地理试题一、单选题（本题包括20个小题，每小题3分，共60分）1．2016 年 9 月 10 日武汉大学爆破拆除了 2000 年投入使用的 29 层工学部一号教学楼，该楼位于珞珈山山脚，东湖湖畔；2017 年 10 月9 日武汉大学公布重建方案，武汉大学将在原址重建工学部教学楼，新方案主体建筑高约 23 米，下右图为新方案楼群区域某日的光照时间分布图（图中白色区域为建筑物）。
读图回答下列各题。
1．拆除原教学楼并重建的主要原因是A．原建筑存在安全隐患B．优化环东湖整体景观C．提高教学用地利用率D．协调校园内建筑风格2．右图所示的光照时间分布图可能是A．1 月B．4 月C．7 月D．10 月2．下图为我国某市2004-2013年用水量变化图。
读图回答下列各题。
1．该城市可能为( )A．济南B．青岛C．北京D．大连2．该市用水量减少幅度最大的是( )A．生活用水B．农业用水C．工业用水D．生态用水3．关于市工业用水量减少原因叙述错误的( )A．工业技术进步，水资源利用率提高B．工业用水价格提高，节约用水C．该市较多耗水量大的工业企业迁出到周边省份D．气候变暖导致工业用水总量减少3．从10世纪末至今，全球气候总的变化趋势在变暖。
下图示意某地 7月7°C 等温线近百年来空间分布变化情况。
据此完成下列小题。
1．图示季节，①地的气候特征是A．温和多雨B．温和少雨C．炎热干燥D．高温多雨2．②地等温线弯曲的主要影响因素是A．纬度位置B．大气环流C．洋流D．海陆位置3．全球变暖对①地造成的影响可能是A．制冷能耗减少B．草原变成荒漠C．作物熟制改变D．海岸线向东移4．2019年11月17~18目，内蒙古东北部、辽宁东部、吉林中东部、黑龙江大部等地出现大到暴雪，平均积雪深度5-15厘来，局部达到20厘米以上。
下图示意17日20时白海平面等压线分布图(单位:百帕)。
2018虹口高三语文一模
虹口区2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三语文试卷（满分150分，时间150分钟） 2017。
12一积累运用 10分1。
按要求填空（5分）（1）____________________，师不必贤于弟子。
(韩愈《师说》)（2）鸟雀呼晴，___________________。
（周邦彦《_____________》）(3）李商隐的《夜雨寄北》中“何当共剪西窗烛，却话半山夜雨时”以想象表达憧憬，抒发思念之情，曲折深婉，余味无穷.杜甫《月夜》中运用了同样手法的一联是“_______________，_______________."2。
按要求选择。
（5分)（1)下列各句中，所引诗词符合语境的一项是( ）。
（2分）A.“不畏浮云遮望眼，自缘身在最高层"，只要我们掌握了正确的思维方法，认识达到了一定的高度，能够透过现象看到本质，就不会被假象迷惑。
B.“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来。
”长江之所以波澜壮阔是因为不拒绝细流，学习也是如此，广泛汲取知识才能丰富自己。
C.在奋斗过程中，我们必定会经受许多挫折和失败，只要我们坚信“行到水穷处,坐看云起时"，树立信心，鼓足勇气，一定会有成功的一天。
D.爷爷生日宴上，小明激情洋溢地说“花甲喜循环，风霜变老颜”,感谢大家百忙之中来参加我爷爷的古稀寿宴，让我们一起祝福爷爷生日快乐！（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（ )。
（3分）盛唐的书法，不再只是坚持“楷”的法度._____________。
颜真卿的《祭侄文稿》是领略唐代书法“尚意”美学的最好作品。
A。
书写者也开始追求内在情绪真实的表现,追求书法随情感而流动的变化B.也开始追求书法随情感而流动的变化，追求内在情绪真实的表现C.书写者也开始追求书法随情感而流动的变化，追求内在情绪真实的表现D.开始追求内在情绪真实的表现，追求书法随情感而流动的变化二阅读 70分(一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。