英语论文中常用词汇和短语

英语论文中常用词汇和短语

差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference

No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. AlthoughMMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage,this di fference failed to achieve statistical significance.

存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present

多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, h andful

方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools

发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalence

In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high pre valence of mutations at A:T base pairs.

发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize,clarify, est ablish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply,disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening，isolation

改变change, alteration,

高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced

各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tu mors

关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,

广泛的in an extensive survey

进行conducte，perform, carry out,

降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression,deficient, low, weak, fa int, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduc ed or completelyabsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous andwea ker expression, completely negative, was not detectable ordramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barelydetectable, no expression was found,

角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic func

tions

可能性feasibility

密切地intimately

难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)

潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,

缩写abbreviations

识别，辨别discernment

事件

Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.

a putative tumor initiating event

a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,

a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction proce sses

a common event associated with the mechanisms of

a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy

a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants

a common event （that occurs）during apoptosis is……

acommon event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastictransformation that directly o r indirectly involves activation ofspecific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways

a common event through which

a common event in vivo

a rather common event of unknown biological significance

a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations

a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative si gnificance

a common event contributing to

arare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation,stressful, critical, crucial, sec ondary, independent, regulatory,early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untowar d,upstream, irreversible, very frequent event

提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in 调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-