英译汉
经典英译汉
※The earth has a partner in its trip around the sun. It is the moon. The moon is the earth's satellite.It moves around the earth very quickly. It takes the moon twenty eight days to go around the earth once.地球在围绕太阳旋转时有一个同伴. 它是月球，地球的卫星。
它围绕地球旋转的速度很快，28天即可绕地球一周。
※While they are partners in the solar system, the earth and the moon are very different. The earth is filled with life. It is a very colourful planet. The moon is grey and lifeless. Nothing can live on the moon. 虽然地球和月球是太阳系中的同伴，但它们却截然不同。
地球充满生命，是一颗色彩绚丽的行星，月球却是一片灰暗，死气沉沉，没有生命。
There is no air on the moon. Astronauts must wear special space suits when they walk on the moon so they can breathe. The moon has no water either. There is no weather, so the sky above the moon always looks black. 月球上没有空气。
当宇航员在上面行走时，他们必须穿上特殊的太空服才能呼吸。
月球上也没有水，没有天气变化，所以月球的上空永远是漆黑一团。
常用英汉互译技巧
八、插入法 指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句 中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位 语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如：如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影 响”，那我们将勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。 If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.
常用英汉互译技巧
五、正译法和反译法
这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子 按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照 与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果， 但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道 。
例1. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. （正译） This information is accessible/available on the Internet. （反译） 例2. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译）
常用英汉互译技巧
三、转换法 例1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) 例2. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显 的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动 词转名词) 例3. 时间不早了，我们回去吧！ We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
英译汉英汉互译
英译汉英汉互译摘要：1.英译汉的重要性2.英汉互译的挑战与技巧3.提高英译汉和英汉互译能力的方法4.实际应用案例分析正文：英译汉和英汉互译在现代社会中具有重要意义。
随着全球化的不断加深，国际间的交流日益频繁，英语作为世界通用语言，其在各种场合中的应用也越来越广泛。
因此，熟练掌握英译汉和英汉互译技能对于我们来说至关重要。
英译汉和英汉互译在实际操作中存在一定的挑战。
首先，中英文语言结构和表达方式的差异容易给翻译带来困扰。
例如，英文句子通常是主谓宾的结构，而中文则是主语、谓语、宾语的顺序。
此外，英文中被动语态的使用较为频繁，而中文则倾向于使用主动语态。
这些差异要求我们在翻译过程中灵活运用各种技巧，如调整语序、改变句子结构等，以确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
提高英译汉和英汉互译能力的方法有很多。
首先，我们要积累足够的词汇量和语言表达，这对于提高翻译质量至关重要。
其次，多阅读英文原著和文章，了解英文表达习惯和思维方式，有助于我们更好地进行翻译。
此外，多实践也是提高翻译能力的重要途径。
我们可以通过翻译一些实际案例和参加翻译比赛来不断锻炼自己。
实际应用案例分析可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握英译汉和英汉互译技巧。
例如，在翻译“他喜欢在早晨喝一杯咖啡”这个句子时，我们可以将英文句子结构调整为“他早晨喜欢喝一杯咖啡”，这样翻译过来的句子更符合中文表达习惯，也更容易被读者理解。
总之，英译汉和英汉互译在现代社会中具有重要意义。
要想提高这方面的能力，我们需要积累足够的词汇量和语言表达，多阅读英文原著和文章，以及多实践。
在实际操作中，我们要灵活运用各种翻译技巧，确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
英译汉
英译汉1.To break the ice Ted spoke of his interest in mountain climbing, andthey soon had a conversation going.为了打破沉默，泰德说自己对爬山有兴趣，这样他们很快就交谈起来。
2.Every one of them rolled up his sleeves for the battle, high in moradeand ready to with another brilliant victory.他们个个摩拳擦掌，士气很高，准备打一个漂亮仗。
3.They talked of things they longed for—of meat and of hot soup and ofthe riches of butter.他们谈到了他们所渴望的东西，谈到了肉类，谈到了热汤，谈到了黄油的丰富营养4.But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idlness, hiscarelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.可是他老婆不断地在她耳边唠叨个没完。
说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他一家人都要毁在他的身上。
5.The sight and sound of the jet planes filled me with special longing.看到喷气式飞机，听到隆隆声，令我特别神往。
6.Her absence of mind in driving nearly caused an accident.她开车时心不在焉，几乎引发交通事故7.I like reading the newspaper, for it is informative, entertaining andreally readable.我喜欢读这份报纸，因为他信息量大，娱乐性强，具有很强的可读性。
英语：英译汉70道
1. As is known to all, China is the largest developing country in the world today. 众所周知，中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家。
2. A friend of mine from high school is working in England now. 我高中的一个朋友目前在英格兰工作。
3. Apples here like water and sunshine. 这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。
4. Are you fond of music? 你喜欢音乐吗？5. A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used. 那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。
6. All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
7. Both Ann and Mary are suitable for the job. 安妮和玛丽都适合于这项工作。
8. Bill hit his car into a wall last night. 昨夜比尔开车时，车撞在墙上。
9. Could you tell me where the post office is? 请问邮局在哪里？10. Do you have access to the Internet? 你能上网吗？11. Do you think you can do it yourself? 你认为你自己可以单独完成这件事吗？12. Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up. 历史每重演一次，代价就增加一分。
13. Fred was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class. 弗瑞德是一个学习十分用功的学生，所以不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。
英译汉1
You shouldn’t get so angry with him.你不该那么生他的生气。
He is very good at finding excuses.他很善于找借口。
I’m not very fond of ice cream.我不太喜欢冰欺凌。
I would be thankful to any advice you can giveme.我会感谢你给我的任何忠告。
He remained faithful to the firm even after he had been dismissed.即使他被解雇，他仍然对公司很忠诚。
I cannot be held responsible to other people’s mistakes.我对其他人犯的错误不负责任。
Don’t be so sure of yourself.不要对自己太自信。
His excellent progress should be obvious toeveryone.他的出色的进步大家应该都有目共睹。
Many people do not approve of blood sports.很多人不赞成狩猎运动。
He was found guilty of murder and condemnedto death.他被发现犯有谋杀罪而被判处死刑。
Has it ever occurred to you that those twins arequite different from each other in many ways? 你有没有想过,这些双胞胎在许多方面都相当不同吗?I consulted my lawyer on the matter and I shallact on his advice.我就此事咨询了我的律师,我将按他的劝告行事。
It is impossible to prevent them fromquarrelling with each other.阻止他们吵架是不可能的。
英译汉-翻译参考译文
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说，也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度；我算不出它出产谷物的价值；我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣，它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象，就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的，但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽，但很少有不戴帽子的男人；还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人，但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适，这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是，似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心，或是在为返城车票而烦恼，莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨，不是夜莺的歌声，而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全，却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音，真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉，这样持续不断的喧嚣，最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽，那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹；虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西，但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方，他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点，便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走，这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人，发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重，他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动，是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许，值得指出的是，被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达，它们在我国已经消失，却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”（“我猜”）纯粹是一种美国式表达，但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》）中就用过这种说法，就像我们现在使用“I think”（“我想”）一样。
英译汉翻译
e.g.) Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help others. 雷锋同志乐于助人。 The old woman is too apt to forget. 这位老太太太健忘了。
8.News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.
there would be a long and a difficult struggle.
Poor translation:他深信当时已出现以后会有场漫长而艰辛的斗争的基础 Proper translation:他根据当时已出现的情况，深信以后会有场漫长而艰 辛的斗争
10. What are the perspectives of the national liberation movement and the relations between China and the third world countries?
4.This failure was the making of him.
Poor translation: 这次失败是他造成的。 the making of
= a means of gaining great improvement or success Be the making of sb.
at the eleventh hour. （1）at the last possible moment. (Just before the last clock hour, 12)
e.g.) She always turned her term papers in at the eleventh hour. We don't worry about death until the eleventh hour.
英译汉的基本技巧
英译汉的基本技巧一）英译汉的基本程序英译汉的过程包括理解、表达和校核三个阶段。
理解是表达的前提，若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达，但理解与表达通常是互相联系、往返反复的过程，在进行汉语表达的时候，又可以进一步加深对原文的理解。
因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要我们从英语到汉语，在从汉语到英语反复地推敲。
（一）通读全文通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握段落内容或整篇文章的内容，理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法和逻辑关系，在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those, other 等所指代的对象。
这些词和词组有时在划线的部分中能找到，有时则要到前面的相关句子中去查找。
（二）分析所要翻译句子的结构从翻译试题来看，所给出的段落中划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较复杂。
复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构，很难达到正确、完整地理解原文的要求。
在分析句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，以便明了句子的主干结构。
在分析句子的主干结构时还应该注意分析句子成份是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。
（三）选择适当的翻译方法句子结构分析清楚后，根据主干结构确定采用顺译、逆译还是分译法处理长句；大的框架确定后，根据上下文的意思选择适当的词语翻译方法，可以适当地赠词、补词、引申词义等等。
（四）认真校核译文句子表达清楚后，还应该回过头来校核一下看译文是否达到了“信、达、雅”的标准，确保自己理解的内容能够很有把握地得到分数。
在校核阶段，应注意以下问题;1.人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等译得是否正确；2.对原文中的词、句有无错漏；3.修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子、词组或词汇；4.译文中有无错别字；5.标点符号的使用是否正确。
二）英译汉基本技巧（一）单词的翻译1．词义的选择与引申词义的选择是翻译过程中的关键性一步。
英汉互译八种技巧
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. ❖ 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科 学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去，左思右想，想个不停。
8
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
of success. ❖ 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 ❖ Translation from Chinese into English is not
so easy as that from English into Chinese. ❖ 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 ❖ A large family has its difficulties. ❖ 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)（反译法） 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)
英汉互译技巧
5.1.1 英译汉中的增词法
7. 概括性增词
e.g. • the United States, Russian, England and France 美俄英法四国 • militarily, politically and economically 军事、政治、经济等各方面 • The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages. 美日双方在完全保密的情况下互换了信件。 • The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新 成就。
5.1.1 英译汉中的增词法
bandits / animals 匪邦（加“类、种、界”等） directions / the Americas 南北美洲（具体到子项） hills / rivers 一座座山（量词重叠）
• The lion is the king of animals. • The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. • The nations of America are equally sovereign and independent with those of Europe.
第五章
英汉互译常用方法和技巧 （上）
• • • • •
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
增译法（amplification） 减译法（omission） 词类转换法（conversion） 重译法（repetition） 反译法 (negation)
英汉互译
9-61.你想见的那位教授来了。
The professor who/whom you wish to see has come2.他们的衣服给汗水湿透了。
Their clothes were soaked with sweat.3.这座桥是1192年修建的，至今已经有700多年的历史了。
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.4.现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。
At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle ground reply.5.我的英语考试成绩到今天上午才能知道。
昨天一整天我老想着这事，坐立不安。
My English examination result is going to arrive this morning. I was on tenterhooks all day yesterday thinking about them.6. Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle.(英译汉)黎明时分,大雾弥漫,细雨蒙蒙.9-71.他希望年内完成所有目标。
He hopes to achieve all his aims by the end of the year.2.桌子的正上方悬挂着一盏日光灯。
There is a daylight lamp hanging over the table.3.他是仍然在这儿呢，还是已经走了？Is he still here or has he gone already?4.没有人要这个屋顶已经倒塌了的房子。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.5.经过讨论，他们在建立伙伴关系的条件上取得了一致的意见。
英译汉
英译汉1. I don't like the flat. It is too near the road. 我不喜欢这套公寓,离公路太近了.2. Do you like reading English newspapers 你喜欢读英文报纸吗3. She doesn't like borrowing things from others. 她不喜欢向别人借东西.4. He isn't a programmer. He is an engineer. 他不是一名程序员,他是一名工程师.5. I am looking for a flat on the ground floor. 我在找一间在一层的公寓.6.He's currently working on TV advertisements. 他目前忙着电视广告的事.7.She is talking to a customer right now. 她现在正和一位顾客谈话.8.You can eat and drink in the office, but you can't smoke here.在办公室,你可以吃东西,喝水,但是你不能抽烟.9 He has very good training skills and can speak good French. 他培训技能不错,并且法语很好.10. What about playing football tomorrow afternoon 明天下午踢足球去好吗12. There are two armchairs, a sofa and a television in the living room. 在起居室里有两把扶手椅,一套沙发和一台电视.13. He is not very tall and wears glasses. 他不太高,戴眼镜.14. My cousin is quite outgoing. 我堂兄很外向.15. Jane(简) is better at web-design than Mary(玛丽), but Mary is more experienced at training.在网页设计方面简比玛丽要好,但玛丽在培训方面更加有经验16. How many days did you stay in Beijing 你在北京呆了几天17. The month after next, I do two gym sessions. 下下个月,我要上两个健身班.18. He is good at web-design, much better than her. 他擅长于网页设计,比她更好.19. We have too much cheese in the fridge.我们的冰箱里的奶酪太多了.I feel terrible. I've got a headache, backache and a sore throat.我感觉很难受,我头痛,背疼,嗓子疼.London is busy, noisy, crowded and exciting. But it's too expensive.伦敦繁忙,嘈杂,拥挤,令人兴奋,不过消费也很贵.22. I go to a gym twice a week with my friends. We swim and work out there.我和我朋友两周去一次健身房,我们在那里游泳和锻炼身体.23.He's got short, brown wavy hair with blue eyes and a short beard.他有一头褐色波浪式短发,蓝色的眼睛和短胡子.24.It takes forty minutes to get from the airport to the city centre by taxi.乘出租车从机场到市中心要40分钟.25.The Bank is on the corner. It's opposite the newsagent.银行在角落里,报亭对面.26.He has short hair with a beard.他一头短发,留着胡须.27.He isn't an architect. He is an engineer.他不是建筑师,他是工程师.21. I’m interested in that large flat. 我对那套大公寓感兴趣22.She is watching TV right now. 现在她正在看电视。
英汉互译的常见几种方法
英汉互译的几种方法1. 音译：人名、地名以及一些表示新概念而本族语里又找不到对成词来表示时，均可采用音译法介绍到译文语言中去，如: [汉译英] 磕头（kowtow），荔枝（litchi）；[英译汉]、engine（引擎），motor（马达）， sofa(沙发)，logic （逻辑）2．直译： paper tiger(纸老虎)， lose face（丢脸）， Seeing is believing.（百闻不如一见。
） Outof mind，out of sight.（眼不见，心不烦）3，改编：所谓“改编”指的是音译或直译如意义补充的翻译，在翻译的“改编法”中，译者总是一方面尽可能保持原文语言的特性，另一方面更希望译文含义明朗，使读者一目了然。
比如，汉语的“班门弄斧”这个成语，可译成 This is like showing off one's proficiency with theaxe before Lu Ban the master carpenter 其中，“鲁班”变成了“Lu Ban the mater carpenter"否则鲁班究竟是什么人，不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然。
这类译法在英译中比较常见，如巧克力糖（chocolate），鸦片烟（opium），高尔夫球（golf），来福枪（rifle），尼龙布（nylon）等。
4．意译法：填补语言中的词汇、语义空缺，采用“并行法”即意译法是一种常见的有效方法。
如果某一语言观象，在译文语言中只的用意义相同的不同语言形式即“并行”的词汇来翻译时，那么就等于说译文语言的形式中存在着一个“空缺”。
比如，有许多词以及由这些词代表的思想概念，最先只存在于某种语言中，当把这些词或概念介绍到另一种语言中去时，我们可采取音译，直译法，同时也可采用意译法，而且意译译文可从语音、语法、语义等方面都合乎译文语言的规范，因此最易为读者接受。
比如：communism， democracy,和proletariat等外来词变成“共产主义”“民主”和”无产者”时，可以说最先是意译的结果。
英汉互译
[汉译英]1. 小明想当一名教师。
2. 你能用英语说出它吗？3. 她在医院工作，她是一名护士。
4. 我们每天有许多作业要做。
5. 你的钢笔是红色的，我的是白色的。
[英译汉]1. He is very kind to us, so we are not afraid of him.2. My father works as an English teacher.3. Please write to me as soon as possible.4. China is a great country with a long history.5. Thousands of people are watching the football match. Keys：[汉译英]1. Xiao Ming wants to be a teacher.2. Can you say it in English?3. She works in a hospital. She is a nurse.4. We have a lot of homework to do every day.5. Your pen is red. Mine is white.[英译汉]1. 他对我们很和蔼，所以我们都不怕他。
2. 我的父亲是一名英语教师。
3. 请尽快给我写信。
4. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大国家。
5. 几千人正在观看足球比赛。
【英译汉】1. We want some meat and bread, please.2. They usually go to school on foot.3. All living things need light and heat from the sun to live.4. I noticed that the bus stopped many times to let people on.【汉译英】1. 你必须好好照顾你的妈妈.2. 树上的苹果很难够得着.3. 不要着急,休息一下,晚饭后你就会好的.Keys: 【英译汉】1. 我们需要一些肉和面包.2. 他们经常步行上学.3. 所有的生物都需要依靠太阳的光和热来生存.4. 我注意到车停下来许多次来载乘客.【汉译英】1. You must take good care of your mother.2. The apples on the tree is hard to reach.3. Don't worry, have a rest and then you'll be all right after suppe r.1. His house is very large and close to his school.2. It usually takes some time to make friends with them.3. Is your father still working in that computer company他的房子很大,离他的学校也很近.跟他们交朋友通常需要一些时间.你父亲还在那间电脑公司工作吗他的收音机很小,但是很好看.他每天早上赶到学校通常需要二十分钟.你的兄弟还在房间里做作业吗His radio is very small but very nice to look at.It usually takes him twenty minutes to get to school every morning.Is your brother still doing his homework in his room4. My teacher promised to talk to my father about it.5. I was so angry that I told him to his face what I thought of him.6. The chairman of the meeting is an old man over sixty.不要相信那些当面赞扬你的人.公司经理是一位大约三十岁左右的年轻人.He promised to give her a nice present for her birthday.Don't believe in those who praise you to your face.The manager of the company is a young man about thirty.他答应给她一件漂亮的生日礼物.会议的主席是一位六十多岁的老人.我非常生气,就当面告诉了他我对他的看法.我的老师答应就此事与我父亲谈谈.7. We still have a long way to go to catch up with the advanced countries.8. I don't know why they refused to accept her invitation.9. It's a good chance to get some useful advice from the famous artist.我们要赶上先进国家还有很长的路要走.我不知道他们为什么拒绝接受她的邀请.这是一个从那位著名的艺术家那里得到有用指教的好机会.It's really a good chance for you to practice your spoken English.你要跟上班还有很长的路要走.他不知道她为什么不愿意跟他一起去.这对你来说确实是一个练习英语口语的好机会.You still have a long way to go to catch up with the class.He didn't know why she was unwilling to go with him.10. You have no right to criticize your parents like that.11. There was only one dollar in his pocket then.12. The old man and his grandson would go fishing on Sundays.你没有权力像那样批评你的父母.当时他的口袋里只有一美元.那位老人和他的孙子星期天总是去钓鱼.你没有权力让他们离开.那间村办学校只有一百个学生和四个老师.我和我的兄弟夏天总是在那条小河里游泳.You have no right to let them leave.There are only one hundred pupils and four teachers in the village school. My brother and I would go swimming in the small river in summer.13. Do you mean you are willing to help them if they ask you14. They are always having a lot of meetings to attend, so they are very busy.15. More skilled workers are badly needed in my uncle's factory.你的意思是说如果他们请你,你是愿意帮助他们的,是吗他们总是有很多会议要参加,所以他们很忙.我叔叔的工厂急需更多的熟练工人.你的意思是说即使他请求你,你也不会借给他钱的,是吗他的头脑里总是有很多奇怪的想法.那个山村急需老师.Do you mean you will not lend him the money even though he asks youHe is always having a lot of strange ideas in his mind.Teachers are badly needed in the mountain village.16. It is said that he has already gone to Australia.17. The present he gave me is right in the school bag.18. They will try their best to improve their working conditions.据说他已经去了澳大利亚.他给我的礼物就在书包里.他们将尽力改善工作条件.据报道,那位著名的歌手将在那里呆两个星期.他们上星期买的那台仪器就在桌子上.她将尽力改进她的英语口语水平.It is reported that the famous singer will stay there for two weeks.The instrument that they bought last week is right on the table.She will try her best to improve her spoken English.19. They invited him to make a speech at the meeting.20. We don't believe the story he told us.21. He is fond of pop music while his parents prefer folk songs.他们邀请他在会上作个发言.我们不相信他给我们讲的故事.他喜欢流行音乐,而他的父母却偏爱民歌.你为什么没有邀请她参加我们的讨论呢他们不相信我能够把这些数学题解出来.他的母亲忙着准备晚饭,而他却在房间里看电视.Why didn't you invite her to join our discussionThey didn't believe that I could work out the maths problems.His mother is busy preparing supper while he is watching TV in the room.22. At last he bought a new house of his own.23. The doctor advised him to give up smoking.24. He wanted very much to finish his homework, but he couldn't keep his eyes open.最后他终于买了一幢属于自己的新房子.医生劝他戒烟.他很想做完作业,可他连眼睛都睁不开了.最后他还是设法把他的儿子送进了附近的一所中学.那小姑娘要她父亲带她去公园.他非常想给他母亲买一件礼物,可他没有钱.At last he managed to send his son to a middle school nearby.The little girl asked her father to take her to the park.He wanted very much to buy his mother a present, but he hadn't any money.25. It is important for the college students to master a foreign language.26. I remembered having met him before.27. After all the students had taken their seats, the teacher began to hand out the examination papers.大学生掌握一门外语是很重要的我记得以前曾经见过他.所有的学生就座之后,老师开始分发试卷.你有必要向李教授求教.他记得临走之前把门锁上了.所有的同学离开教室之后,他开始做作业.It is necessary for you to ask Professor Li for some advice.He remembered having locked the door before he left.After all his classmates had left the classroom, he began to do his homework.28. They lived in a big house surrounded by green trees.29. The teacher often encouraged Tom to study maths well.30. His parents died when he was only a boy of five.他们住在一幢绿树环绕的大房子里.老师经常鼓励汤姆把数学学好.他的父母死了,那时他还只是一个五岁的孩子.我们参观了一座两千年前建的庙宇.那位老妇人希望她的儿子成为一个医生.当他还是一个小孩子的时候,他家搬到了一个小山村.We visited an old temple built two thousand years ago.The old woman expected her son to become a doctor.His family moved to a mountain village when he was a small boy.31. The old man said that we could stop to have a rest.32. In order to improve the listening ability, they decided to listen to the tape every evening.33. With the help of my classmates, I did very well in all the exams.那位老人说,我们可以停下来休息一下.为了改进听力,他们决定每天晚上听录音(磁带).在同学们的帮助下,我各门考试都考得很好.老师说,我们不能离开教室,除非我们做完作业.为了做好工作,他们决定在周五之前做准备.在老师们得帮助下,我在本学期取得了很大得进步.The teacher said that we couldn't leave the room unless we finished our homework.In order to do the work well, they decided to make preparations before Friday.With the help of the teachers, I have made a lot of progress this term.34. She agreed to stay with me for a couple of days.35. We are very much surprised that he should have set the prisoners free.36. What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.她同意跟我在一起呆几天.他竟然把那些犯人放走了,我们感到非常吃惊.他在会上所说的话使在场的每个人都感到吃惊.他同意尽快来帮助我们.她竟然写出这么好的作文,我们感到非常高兴.他在学校所做的事使他父母非常生气.He agreed to come to our help as soon as possible.We are very glad that she should have written so good a composition.What he did at school made his parents very angry.37. John told me that he was brought up by his uncle.38. Jack asked me to buy him some envelopes on my way home.39. Last Sunday morning, I went to the station to meet my uncle.约翰告诉我他是由他叔叔抚养大的.杰克告诉我他因为迟到而受到了老师的惩罚.Jack told us that he was punished by his teacher for being late.杰克要我在回家的路上给他买一些信封.汤姆要他兄弟在去看电影的路上帮他寄封信.Tom asked his brother to post a letter for him on his way to the cinema.上个星期天的上午,我去车站接我叔叔.昨天下午,他去邮局寄了一封信.Yesterday afternoon, he went to the post office to post a letter.40. The teacher gave him a piece of paper and asked him to write a composition.41. Frankly speaking, I don't quite agree with what he just said.42. As far as I am concerned, I don't like this kind of music.老师给他一张纸,让他写一篇作文.他父亲递给他一把铁锹,让他挖一个坑.His father handed him a spade and asked him to dig a hole.坦率的说,我不太同意他刚才说的话.一般说来,孩子们对一切都很好奇.Generally speaking, children are always curious about everything.就我而言,我不喜欢这种音乐.就我所知,她有一个兄弟在上海工作.As far as I know, she has got a brother working in Shanghai.43. If you don't work hard, how can you expect to pass all the exams44. One evening, I went out for a walk with my mother.45. The photos reminded him of his happy childhood.如果你不努力学习,你怎么指望通过所有这些考试呢如果你不尊敬他们,你怎么能指望他们尊重你呢If you don't respect them, how can you expect them to respect you有一天晚上,我和母亲一起出去散步.有一天早上,我和爷爷一起去钓鱼.One morning, I went fishing with my grandpa.这些照片使他想起了他快乐的童年.这本旧书使我想起了那段悲痛的经历.The old book reminded me of the sad experience.46. Mr White agreed to look into the matter himself.47. Watching too much TV will do harm to your eyes.48. It is reported that lots of people are worried about the result.怀特先生同意亲自调查此事.史密斯先生没有同意亲自照顾这个婴儿.Mr Smith didn't agree to look after the baby himself.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害.早锻炼对你的健康有好处.Doing exercise in the morning will do good to your health.据报道,很多人对这个结果担忧.据说,校长对你的工作很满意.It is said that the headmaster is satisfied with your work.49. The book is made up of fifteen chapters.50. He left his hometown at the age of twelve and has never been heard of ever since.51. It looked as if there were no more fish left in the lake.这本书由十五个章节组成.这个委员会由九位成员组成,七男两女.The committee is made up of nine members, seven man and two women.他十二岁时离开家乡,此后再无音讯.她是去年夏天去那里的,已经在那里呆了好几个月了.She went there last summer and has stayed there for several months.看起来这湖里没剩下什么鱼了.看起来这湖水似乎受到了严重污染.It looks as if the water in the lake has become seriously polluted.52. Doctor Li often uses some advanced instruments to treat his patients.53. Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.54. To buy these gifts, I think, is really a waste of money.李医生经常使用一些先进的仪器治疗他的病人.杰克很少使用先进的仪器做实验.Jack seldom uses the advanced instruments to do his experiments.一旦你显出惧怕的样子,这条狗就会向你进攻.一旦你见到他,你就会永远忘不了他.Once you see him, you will never forget him.我想,买这些礼品确实是浪费钱.我想,试图说服他确实是浪费时间.To try to persuade him, I think, is really a waste of time.55. No matter what she is, she must pay for her meals.56. In this way, you can find out how many people are using the machine.57. He made a telephone call to Jack and told him what to do.不管她是谁,她吃饭必须要付钱.不管他住的离这里有多远,他上学从不迟到.No matter how far he lives away from here, he is never late for school.以这种方式,你就可以查出来有多少人在使用这台机器.以这种方式,你就可以很容易地解决这个问题.In this way, you can solve the problem easily.他给杰克打了个电话,告诉他该做什么.他给我留了个条子,告诉我如何解决这个问题.He left me a note and told me how to solve the problem.58. I think we should fix a date for the next meeting now.59. Almost all the newspapers carried this important news.60. He expressed his satisfaction with the result and added he would work harder. 我想我们现在应该为下一次会议定个日期.我想我们应该在做任何其他事情之前认真考虑此事.I think we ought to consider the matter carefully before we do anything else.几乎所有的报纸都登载了这个重要新闻.几乎所有的学生都同意帮助那个有残疾的男孩.Almost all the students agreed to help the disabled boy.他对结果表示满意,并补充说他将更加努力地工作.校长对我们的工作表示满意,并补充说他将在下次会上表扬我们.The headmaster expressed his satisfaction with our work and added he would praise us at the next meeting.61. It was the old lady who attended his wife when she was ill.62. I don't care whether he quarreled with my brother.63. His father was fired by a company one month ago.正是那位老太太在他妻子生病时照顾她.我不在家时正是那位老人照看我的孩子.It was the old man who looked after my children while I was away.我不在乎他是否跟我的兄弟吵过架.我不在乎他是不是通过了驾驶测试.I don't care whether he passed the driving test or not.一个月前,他父亲被一家公司解雇了.上个星期一他妹妹受到了老师的惩罚.His sister was punished by her teacher last Monday.64. They often kill time by playing cards and chess on Sundays.65. At the foot of the mountain, there flowed a small river.66. If you don't like the house, I can try and find another for you.每逢星期天,他们经常是打牌,下棋来消磨时间.我们不应当用看电视或是听音乐来消磨时间.We shouldn't kill time by watching TV or listening to music.山脚下有(流淌着) 一条小河.小山的脚下有(耸立着)一座五百年前建的古庙.At the foot of the hill, there stood an old temple built five years ago.如果你不喜欢这座房子,我可以试着再给你另找一座.如果你不喜欢这个包,我可以说服你父亲再给你另买一个.If you don't like the bag, I can persuade your father to buy you another one.67. We'd better put off the plan till next year because we can't get enough money at present.68. As soon as he got out of the car, he was surrounded by a group of journalists.69. The city where I live is an old city set up two thousand years ago.我们最好把这个计划推迟到明年,因为我们目前弄不到足够的钱.我们最好把这个会议推迟到下周,因为太多的人缺席.We'd better put off the meeting till next week because so many people are absent.他一从车里出来就被一群记者包围住了.那位著名的歌手一进入大厅就被一群激动的歌迷围住了.As soon as the famous singer entered the hall, he was surrounded by a group of excited fans.我住的那座城市是一座两千年前建的古城.我昨天读的那本书是老舍写的一部小说.The book I read yesterday was a novel written by Lao She.70. My grandma always tells us never to waste any food.71. Finally I realized that the letter was not intended for me.72. What she should do is to help them to help themselves.我爷爷总是告诉我们千万别浪费粮食.老师要你别浪费水.The teacher told you not to waste any water.最后我意识到,那封信不是写给我的.最后他意识到他父母挣钱是不容易的.Finally he realized that it was no easy job for his parents to make money.她应该做的事情是帮助他们自助.你应该做的事情是鼓励学生(开口)讲.What you should do is to encourage the students to speak.73. The question is whether the price is worth paying.74. The book is cheap and at the same time informative.75. At that time she was waiting for a long distance call.问题在于是否值得付出这样的代价.问题在于您是否应当在课堂上表扬他.The question is whether you should praise him in class.这本书售价便宜,内容又丰富.你昨天看的电影很有趣,同时又具有教育意义.The film you saw last night is interesting and at the same time instructive.那时她正在等一个长途电话.那时他正在和父母一起吃晚饭.At that time he was having supper with his parents.76. The teacher encouraged me to make up my mind to catch up with the rest of the class.77. As long as we rely on the masses, I'm sure the task will be finished on time.78. As far as I know, Jack is now in charge of an important department.老师鼓励我下定决心赶上班里的其他同学.总统号召人民全力以赴赶上发达国家.The president called on the people to go all out to catch up with the developed countries. 只要我们依靠群众,我相信,任务就一定会按时完成.只要我们坚持这项计划,我们就一定能成功.As long as we stick to this plan, we are sure to succeed.据我所知,杰克现在负责一个重要部门.据我所知,三班现在由怀特先生负责.As far as I know, Class Three is now in the charge of Mr. White.79. Tom was very disappointed when he heard the disappointing news.80. It's nearly ten years since we moved into the small village.81. The population of the city will be decreased by 10% by the end of 2008.汤姆听到这个令人失望的消息非常失望.我听到这个令人激动的消息非常激动.I was very excited when I heard the exciting news.自从我们搬到这个小村庄已经将近十年了.自从他来我市学习已经五年多了.It is more than five years since he came to study in our city.到2008年年底为止这个城市的人口将增加百分之十.到明年年底为止这个工厂的产量将增加百分之十五.The production of the factory will be increased by 15% by the end of next year.82. Do you plan to attend the meeting to be held next week83. It is said that he made an exciting speech at the meeting.84. You should try your best to get the students to practice by themselves.你打算参加下周召开的会议吗她已经决定参加下个月举行的运动会了吗Has she decided to take part in the sports meet to be held next month据说他在会上作了一个令人激动的演讲.据说他拒绝在会上发言.It is said that he refused to speak at the meeting.你应当尽力让学生自己练习.我们应当尽力在工作中帮助他们.We should try our best to help them with the work.85. The teacher doesn't allow the students to enter the teachers' office without permission.86. I insist that you should talk to your father about it.87. He often encourages me to do better in my English studies.老师不允许学生未经许可进入教师办公室.他父亲不允许他不经许可使用他的电脑.His father doesn't allow him to use his computer without permission.我坚持要你跟你父亲谈谈此事.我建议你邀请他参加我们小组.I suggest that you should invite him to join our group.他经常鼓励我把英语学习搞得更好.他的同学都鼓励他改掉这些坏习惯.All his classmates encourage him to get rid of the bad habits.88. What happened proved that he hadn't given us any help.89. We requested that he tell us a story about the Long March.90. Frankly speaking, we are very much worried about their safety.所发生的事情证明了他并没有给我们任何帮助.所发生的事情说明他并不愿意帮助我们.What happened shows that he is unwilling to help us.我们要求他给我们讲一个长征的故事.他们建议你要求那位老教授参加我们的讨论.They suggested that you invite the old professor to join in our discussion.坦率的说,我们非常担心他们的安全.就我所知,他们根本不担心实验的结果.As far as I know, they are not worried about the result of the experiment at all.91. A new hospital is being built near our school.92. Although the computer is small, it can store a lot of information.93. It's impossible for us to avoid meeting this kind of people.我们学校附近正在建一个新医院.我的家乡正在建设一条新铁路.A new railway is being built in my hometown.尽管这台电脑很小,它可以储存大量的信息.尽管他很疲劳,他也不愿停下来休息一下.Although he was very tired, he would not stop to have a rest.我们想避免碰到这种人是不可能的.你想避免碰到大量的困难是不可能的.It's impossible for you to avoid coming across a lot of difficulties.94. Then we decided to organize a trip to Qingdao.95. What will you say if someone praises you for your good English96. He suggests that we review our lessons by asking each other questions.接着,他们决定组织一次旅游去青岛.接着,他们决定停止向那个地区提供食品.Then they decided to stop providing food to that area.如果有人夸你英语很好,你会说什么如果他要你借给他一些钱你会怎么办What will you do if he asks you to lend him some money他建议,我们(可以)通过彼此提问来复习功课.她建议我们通过定期写信的方式来保持联系.She suggests that we keep in touch with each other by writing letters regularly.97. He just wanted to know how to write an English composition.98. The professor simply doesn't understand why the boy has so many strange ideas.99. He told the girl that he wanted to send a letter to Singapore.他只是想知道怎么样写一篇英语作文.老师只是想弄清楚谁打破了窗子.The teacher just wanted to find out who broke the window.那位教授简直不明白那个孩子为什么有那么多奇怪的想法.他简直不明白他爷爷怎么会在回家的路上迷了路.He simply doesn't understand how his grandpa got lost on the way home.他告诉那姑娘他想往新加坡寄封信.她告诉我说她想给她母亲挑一件礼物.She told me that she wanted to choose a present for her mother.100. The next day he asked me to go to his office for an interview.101. What you should do is to choose a topic and write a composition.102. When we got there, we found the hall already filled with people.第二天,他要我去他办公室面试/见面.第二天,他们邀请我去那个学院参观一个艺术展览.The next day they invited me to visit an art exhibition in that college.你所要做的事情就是选一个题目,写一篇作文.你现在所要做的事情就是给她写封信表示道歉.What you should do now is to write her a letter and make an apology.当我们到达那里时,我们发现大厅里已经坐满了人.当我们到达那个村庄时,我们发现太阳已经下山了.When we arrived at the village, we found the sun already set down behind the hills. 103. He immediately took off his clothes and jumped into the lake.104. Two hours passed, but he still didn't turn up.105. She has already made up her mind to go to the south with him.他立刻脱掉衣服跳进湖里.他立即放下笔冲出了房间.He put down his pen at once and rushed out of the room.两个小时过去了.可他还没有露面.两个星期过去了,那个小村庄仍然被敌人的士兵包围着.Two weeks passed, but the small village was still surrounded by the enemy soldiers.她已经打定注意跟他一起去南方.我们已经打定注意帮助他摆脱困境.We have already made up our mind to help him out of trouble.106. He asked the boss to give him a chance to try this method.107. As soon as they got there, they began to climb the mountains.108. I gave him a telephone call at once and advised him to give up smoking.他要求老板给他一个机会来试一试这种方法.他们要求我借给他们一些钱来购买这种材料.They asked me to lend them some money to buy this material.他们一到那里就开始爬山了.我们一到那里就开始为那位老太太打扫房子.As soon as we got there, we began to clean the house for the old lady.我立即给他打了个电话劝他戒烟.我立即给他写了一封信鼓励他更加努力工作.I wrote him a letter at once and encourage him to work harder.109. I like my grandma, for she is good at telling stories.110. I was about to leave home when a neighbour came to borrow my bike.111. There are five buildings in our school, three of which were set up last year.我喜欢我的奶奶,因为她会讲故事.我不喜欢我的小弟弟,因为他老是撒谎.I don't like my little brother, for he is always telling lies.我正要离开家,这时一位邻居来借我的自行车.我们正要进入大厅,这时一群孩子冲了出来.We were about to enter the hall when a group of children rushed out.我们学校有五座大楼,其中三座是去年建的.我们学习小组有六名成员,其中四位已经受到了老师的表扬.There are six members in our study group, four of whom have been praised by the teacher. 112. Alice is always the first to come to school.113. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some in case.114. This is the book I told you about; I borrowed it from Professor Li yesterday.爱丽丝总是第一个来学校.我们的物理老师总是最后一个离开实验室.Our physics teacher is always the last to leave the lab.我想我不需要钱,不过我还是带一点以防万一.我想我们不需要这种材料,不过我们还是买一点以防万一.I don't think we'll need this kind of material now but we'll buy some in case.这就是我跟你说过的那本书;我昨天从李教授那儿借的.这就是我跟你说过的那个手提箱;我是上个星期在公园拣到的.This is the suitcase I told you about; I found it in the park last week.115. The teacher suggested that each student have an English-English dictionary.116. There is a newly opened supermarket nearby, where you can get what you want. 117. Do you still remember the place where we first met老师建议每个学生备一本英-英词典.数学老师建议学生课后多做练习.The maths teacher suggested the students do more exercises after class.附近有一家新开张的超市,在那里你可以买到你想要的东西.我们区有一个大的图书馆,在那里你可以借到你想要的书.There is a big library in our district, where you can borrow the books you want.你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗你还记得高一时教我们的英语老师吗Do you still remember the English teacher who taught us in Senior One118. Don't forget to return the magazine to the reading room when you finish reading it. 119. Did you remember to pay the money back to Jack120. He had promised to get a ticket for you, but he didn't.你看完这本杂志以后别忘了还给阅览室.你做完实验以后别忘了把灯关上.Don't forget to turn off the lights when you finish doing your experiment.你有没有记住把钱还给杰克你离开实验室时有没有记住锁门Did you remember to lock the door when you left the lab他答应给您弄张票的,可他没有弄到.他们答应帮我们进行工作的,可他们并没有帮忙.They had promised to help us in the work, but they didn't.121. He wanted to join the army but was turned down because he was not old enough. 122. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window123. Would you rather watch TV or go out for a walk他想参军可是被拒绝了,因为他年龄不够大.我想参加他的俱乐部可是被拒绝了,因为我太小.I wanted to join his club but was turned down because I was too young.你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外你为什么藏在门后面Why did you hide yourself behind the door您是愿意看电视呢,还是想出去散步您是愿意打的还是想乘公共汽车Would you rather take a taxi or go by bus124. Do you think it possible for us to visit the small town again125. I don't know what he bought some cigarettes for.126. You should have well prepared for the speech.你觉得我们有可能再次参观这个小镇吗你觉得她有可能再有一次机会试一试运气吗Do you think it possible for her to have another chance to try her luck我不知道他买香烟干什么用.你知不知道我们老师代个大袋子来干什么.Do you know what our teacher brought a big bag for。
英译汉语篇翻译
一位老人是这个持枪歹徒的第一个受害者。老人先被一辆 卡车撞倒，正当他试图起身时，被击中头部。
10. Mother: Is that your coat on the floor? Son: I’ll pick it up.
妈妈:地上是你的外套吗？ 儿子：这就捡起来。
Thank you
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
经济学家认为，经济衰退比预测中更加严重。 很明显，等待已久的经济衰退已经到来。许多经济学 家认为国家经济活动的衰退比先前预测的更加严重， 持续时间更长。
5. President Jimmy Carter noted that inflation is the cruelest tax that anyone can pay. Many people agree with that statement, arguing that the persistent decline in the dollar’s purchasing power hurts people directly because products cost more, and also causes a kind of psychological damage. Recent polls have shown that the average American, far from being optimistic, expects prices to rise to ever higher rates.
7. Just as man has found great uses for the materials which he can dig up from the ground so, too, he has found important uses for the gases which he can obtain from the air.
英语单词（英译汉）
（1）Hello, Hi, goodbye, bye,apple, ant, banana, bear, cat, carrot, table, desk, chair, book, pencil, eraser, dog, duck, elephant, egg, fish, fox, fly, draw, read, swim, sing, cook, goat, girl, hippo, insect, hat, ink, family, mother, father, sister, brother, friend, juice, jam, kangaroo, kite, lion, lemon, teacher, student, parent, baby, girl, boy, monkey, melon, noodles, nose, orange, ox, whale, panda, polar bear, lion, tiger, rabbit, panda, piano, queen, question,rabbit, rice, red, yellow, blue, green, orange, purple, sun, soccer, tiger, TV, umbrella, unhappy, balloons, candles, presents, cookies, plates, cups, violin, volleyball, watch, window, box, exercise, cake, cheese, ice cream , bread, salad, soda, yogurt, zebra, zoo, yo yo,(2)notebook, snake, soup, pink, pencil case, butterfly, steak, gray, this, these, that, those, mother, father, happy, heavy, hot, big, sad, light, cold, small, thin, bathroom, thumb, thick, math, thanks, soccer, baseball, badminton, tennis, basketball, volleyball, dodge ball, ping pong, baseball, play, rain, game, cake, airplane, bed, pillow, window, clock, mirror, blanket, door, lamp, shirt, shoes, shouts, shark, sheep, fish, strawberries, pears, peaches, grepes, cherries, oranges, mangoes, pineapples, cups, books, watermelons, boxes, plums, buses, in, on,socks, skirt, under, between, pants, jacket, cook, foot, push, look, wood, pull, one o’clock，tow o’clock three o’clock three o’clock, four o’clock, five o’clock , six o’clock, seven o’clock, eight o’clock, nine o’clock , ten o’clock, eleven o’clock, twelve o’clock, ride, bike, white, kite, rice, light, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, five, glove, above, twelve, dove, wave, forks, spoons, knives, chopsticks, napkins, glasses, tissues, bowls, cap, map, rope, ship, sleep, soap,(3) hungry, grandmother, short, ruler, thirsty, tall, Grandfather, stapler, cooks, plays, washes, touches, Eats, reads, touches, Sunday, Thursday, Tuesday, Saturday, Monday, Wednesday, Friday, week, Music, unicorn, cucumber, humans, huge, ice cube, Go, have, buy, call, use, borrow, watch, listen, Balloon, suit, soup, spoon, boots, glue, English, Music, art, math, science, history, PE, subjects, Dance, face, fence, dice, mice, computer game, Puzzle, skateboard, toy car, doll, stuffed animal, drum, Guitar, walk, week, wolf, water, worm, closet,Sofa, bookcase, behind, glasses, wallet, next to, fax, In front of, fan, telephone, fork, four, photo, playing, Shopping, studying, painting, eating, running, Sleeping, writing, flying, singing, drawing, crying, Laughing, smiling, eyes, nose, arms, hands, ears, Mouth, mouth, legs, feet, teach, stretch, reach, Watch, catch, match, mine, his, ours, Jenny’s, Yours, hers, theirs, Gogo’s, hair, horse, head, happy, hot, home,(4)Shoulders teeth knees fingers toes wave Put move cage orange giraffe ginger jump Jeans exercising working shouting thinking Practicing talking cutting coloring egg hug Mug , jog, bag , dig , sweeping the floor, Cleaning the clothes, doing the dishes, making the bed, Folding the clothes, watering the plants, dusting the furniture, Washing the clothes, black, check, lack, clock, neck, Neck, back, movie theater, swimming pool, hospital, Bank, shopping mall, restaurant, park, beach,Get up, get dressed, brush my teeth, go to school,get home, do my homework, eat dinner, eat dinner,go to bed, tea, meet, key, peas, three, sea, playing video games, visiting my friend, listening to music, watching, riding my scooter, playing cards, making models, reading comic books, ice skating, smiling, snoring, stopping, spilling, swinging, pajamas, slippers, towel, underwear, keys, money, handkerchief, swimsuit, corn, fourteen, floor, blackboard, morning, pour,go to the park, see a movie, play outside, surf the Internet, go home, take a walk, take a nap, do a puzzle, Mom, lime, drum, room, vacuum, broom, taxi driver,fire fighter, police officer, office worker, secretary, doctor, nurse, teacher, barber, basketball player, businessman, （5）farmer, factory worker, aunt, uncle, cousin, diary, Calendar, dictionary, sun, cut, fun, mother, son , fun, Month, staples, scissors, stamps, envelopes, paper, clips, Paper, tape, glue, pet, cat, carrot, bat, rabbit, parrot, juice, rice, salt, sugar, meat, vegetables, tofu, fruit, toys, noise, boys, soy sauce, boiling, coins, spring, summer, fall, winter, sunny, rainy, windy, cloudy, snail, smell, pencil, tail, bell, hole, January, February, March,April, May, June, before, after, yell, year, yacht, yawn, yogurt, yesterday, 1January, 2February, 3March, 4April, 5May, 6June, 7July, 8August, 9September, 10October, 11November, 12December, Station, cone, train, queen, button, bone, warm, Wet, clean, tidy, cool, day, dirty, messy, mouse, Cow, south, mouth, house, loud, planted, watched, Washed, cooked, listened, helped, painted, called, Helped, listened, painted, used, carried, acted, Used, studied。
英译汉常见技巧
词类转译方法
汉语句子中动词使用普遍，英汉翻译时，要相应的学会 转化，其中一种就是把其中一些动词转译为别的词类。 2. 使用计算机可以改进工作条件。 An improvement of the working condition can be achieved by the use of computer system. 3. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。 Adherence to the principle of One China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.
参考译文：他不善于在公众面前演讲，他不喜欢同公众握 手。(课本第三册 单元1 第九段 第三行)
注： 本句中，在英语名词speaker转译汉语动词“演讲” ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ，修饰该动词的形容词effective也就相应转译成副词” 善于”了。 。
词类转译方法三：转译成形容词
（2）有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，可转译成形容词 例如：The visit to the Europe was a success. 参考译文：出访欧洲（欧洲之行）很成功。
汉译英典型句式对比
汉语多个分句结构松散，各分句以意相连，形式上看不出明 显形态标记，分句与分句之间关系或承上启下，互为呼应， 或层层递进；英语句式结构则均已SV为主干构成全句中心， 以动词为焦点，全句围绕这一SV中心主干进行构架，因而句 子语义层次分明，显性形态标记准确清晰
例句： 亚洲是一个有着悠久历史和重要地位的大洲。 她是人类文明的摇篮之一，对人类文明的进步和科学 文化的发展作出过辉煌的贡献。
参考译文：我未必会教你游泳，我想我的弟弟比我教得 好。
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 参考译文：他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
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• We hope that our most respected Secretary General will not forget himself; his poor health is known to everybody.
Translation
• 一. 翻译必须兼顾两面——忠实和通顺 • 由于不善于逻辑思考，对原文理解歧义，闹出笑话， 历来是翻译的一大忌讳。
• 1. He was well-known as a writer when he was young fellow in the sixties.
• 当他还是个60多岁的年轻小伙子时，他是个有名的作 家。。 • 在60年代，他还年轻时，是一个有名的作家。
五. 转换
• “转换”（conversion）是一种常用的翻译 技巧，包括词性转换、语态转换和正反转 换等。
• 1. The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.
论文讨论了语言教学和语言研究两方面的内容。（增补 某些概括性的词语）
•
• 4. The treaty was pronounced null and void.
•
条约被宣布无效。（减去对偶同义词中的某一个词）
5. Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.
• milk the cow milk the bull • sleeping beauty sleeping spy
1.根据上下文(verbal context) 确定词义 We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. may do whatever he likes.
六. 变通：增减词语
• 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不同，翻译时 不仅可以将词类转译，又可以在词量上进行 增减。
1. The new American Secretary of State has proposed a world conference on food supplies.
• 美国新任国务卿建议召开世界食品资源问题会议。（增 补潜在词）
• 数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异 常贫穷落后，这就促使他们采取坚决措施去创造新的生活。
• 2. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. • 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，令我特别神
• 她不仅常常大笑，而且还有一颗黄金之心。 • 她不仅笑口常开，而且还有一颗金子般的心。
• 二. 理解原文的深层结构 • 有些词从字面上看非常简单，但由于对原文所 涉及的客观事物、典故或专门术语不理解，所 以就译不出来，乃至出错。 • 1. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.
• 国务卿似乎没看到这一点。
• 9. We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
• 井枯方知水可贵。
1. 我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。 • We will live up to the expectations of our people. 2.他的解释不能让人满意。 His explanation is far from satisfactory. 3.他虽然贫穷，但无论如何也不会说谎。 Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case.
• 多次的失败和失望险些让他自暴自弃，但是坚持不懈的 努力最终给他带来了成功。
• 4. Mr. Lear is trying to oil the judge’s palm.
• 李尔先生想贿赂法官。
• 5. Today in the New York Stock Exchange, all the brothers are tails up.
• 在今天的纽约证券交易所大厅里，经纪人无不神采飞扬， 兴致勃勃。
• 6.Half the prize money he spent, and the rest was laid aside for a rainy day. • 他先花掉奖金的一半，另一半留待困难之时。
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三. 确定词语在语境中的意义 seat oneself in a wooden chair accept a university chair chair the board meeting condemned to the chair
• 1. Pindus Road was a long, wide, straight street that ran parallel with Bread Road.
• 平得斯路是一条与布莱德路平行的、长长的、宽宽的、笔 直的大街。 • 平得斯路与布莱德路平行，是一条又长又宽又直的大街。
• 2. She not only laughs a lot but has a heart of gold.
• 2. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.
• 因为简想赚钱，所以才不下力。 • 简并不是因为想赚钱才努力工作的。
• 所谓通顺，即指译文语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范。译文 必须是明白流畅的语言，没有文理不通、晦涩难懂等现象。
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双方均不得无故解除合同。
• 6. He wanted to become a missionary because he thought that was the way he could do most for people.
• 他想当传教士，认为这样可以对人类做出最大贡献。（减 去表示原因的连接词）
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2. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。（增补 省略的词 ）
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3. The paper discussed language teaching and language research.
他耳聪目明。
他有无穷的智慧，丰富的经验和渊博的知识。
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四. 词义的褒贬色彩
• 语言本身没有阶级性，但为了忠实于原文的思想内容， 翻译是必须正确理解原作者的基本政治立场和观点，然 后选用适当的语言手段来加以表达。如： • 1. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. • 2. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. • 3. You’re flattering me by saying that. • 1.布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时，感到非常荣幸。 • 2.汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人，这种 阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。 • 3.你那么说，就过奖了。
• 7. In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia.
• 童年时,我就听到许多关于俄罗斯的事情。（减去 his shoulders, shook his head, closed his eyes, but said nothing.
• 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，闭着眼，一句话不说。
• 9. Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.
• 新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。（减去泛指的人称代词）
• 10. We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. • 一个星期有7天， 一天有24小时。
• 4. 俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，只是未到伤心处”。 • The saying goes, “men only weep when deeply hurt.” • The saying goes, “men never weep unless deeply hurt.” • 5.返回祖国的念头始终萦绕在他们心中。 • The thought of returning to his motherland never deserted him. • 6.她只觉得头晕眼花，辩不出路径。 • She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come.
• 6. I won’t keep you waiting long.
• 我一会儿就回来。
• 7. That’s a thing that might happen to anyone.
• 这种事情谁也难免。
• 8. This was a view that seems to have escaped the State Secretary.