二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
高中英语语法 名词和主谓一致
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高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1)专有名词 2)个体名词 3)集体名词 4)物质名词 5)抽象名词*抽象名词具体化(见附1)2、名词的数1)不可数名词 2)可数名词 3)集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4)只有复数形式的名词 5)单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1)’s所有格的构成 2)of所有格的构成 3)双重所有格*易混名词辨析(见附2)二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1)语法一致原则:主单谓单,主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2)意义一致原则:着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3)就近原则:谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1)不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时,谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词,谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数,指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语:根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2)集合名词作主语3)以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语,谓语动词用单数:mathematics,physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语,谓语动词用单数:the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语,谓语动词用复数:the Philippines, the Humalayas 4)单复同形5)含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的:看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的,谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数,但因其中心词是单数,所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰:形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two,谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数:看被修饰的词 6)the+形容词作主语表一类人,用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念,用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7)非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数;表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。
名词和主谓一致考点归纳
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名词和主谓一致考点归纳一、三个一致:1. 语法一致:主语单则谓语单,主语复则谓语复。
2. 意义一致A)people,police,cattle,谓语用复数;B)family, group,team, class,govern m ent,audien ce, crowd,popula tion等,表整体用单数,强调个体用复数。
3. 就近一致:由or, either...or... ; neithe r...nor...; not only...but also...;not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与最近的主语一致。
特别要注意疑问句中谓语动词的形式。
如:Either you or he is to go there.Either he or I am to go there.-Are either you or he to go there? -Neither is.二、动词不定式短语、-ing形式短语或名词性从句做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:Learni ng new wordsand useful expres sions is very import ant for me.但what引导从句做主语时,在下列情况下,主句谓语动词多用复数形式:①表语为复数名词时;②what引导的从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时。
如:Whathe’dlikeisadigita l watch.What we need are refere nce books.What I say and thinkis no busine ss of yours.What he said and what he did were quitediffer ent.三、“分数/小数/ 百分数/ the rest / half + of + 名词”做主语时,谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词保持一致。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结
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高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
(通用版)高考英语一轮专题巡练 考点02 名词和主谓一致考点详解(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语试题
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考点02 名词和主谓一致名词是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。
名词局部主要考查:①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配②名词的数〔可数与不可数、单数与复数〕③名词的所有格④抽象名词的具体化⑤名词和冠词的搭配名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。
研究近年的高考题我们不难看出,名词局部主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数〔可数与不可数、单数与复数〕、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以与主谓一致等。
在学习过程中,要掌握常用名词的根本用法,注意一词多义和旧词新义。
另外要多归纳总结,做题时要结合语境。
名词的数可数名词的数1.可数名词的数〔不规如此变化〕〔1〕单、复数同形。
如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep。
〔2〕合成名词的复数。
如:boyfriend→boyfriends, go-between→go-betweens(中间人), grown-up→grown-ups, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
〔3〕只有复数形式的名词。
此类名词往往以复数形式出现,表示“衣服〞、“工具〞等的总称,不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能加不定冠词a/an,但可以用a pair of/two pairs of, many等修饰。
如:clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers, scissors, scales等;另外一类总是以复数形式出现,但不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能用a/an,a pair of等修饰,只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。
2024年新高考版英语主谓一致、虚拟语气、省略、倒装、强调讲解部分
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“a number of+复数名词”作主 A number of other plants were
语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为 found in America.在美洲还发现
“许多……”;“the number of+ 了许多其他的植物。
复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词 The number of people who travel
复合不定代词someone、anyone、everyone、nobody/no one、something、anything、everything、nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数
If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.如果有人看 到莉萨,请她给我打个电话。 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难 事,只怕有心人。
If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他 明天不来,我们就推迟 这个会议。
使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气 1.用于宾语从句 以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原 形”。
原则
意义 一致
课标必备点梳理
常见用法
例句
当“几分之几/百分之几/half/ the rest/most+of+名词”结构作 主语时,一般根据of后的名词的 单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
20% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up. 这个城市中百分之二十的人反 对自来水价格上调。
名词和主谓一致 高考英语考点-语法-词汇复习资料
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His family are watching TV.(他的家人)
Class four is on the third floor.(四班)
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.(四班的学生)
It is we whoaregoing to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)
have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)
②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.
A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time
A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise
②She looked upwhen I shouted.
A.in a surprise B.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise
A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.
高中英语2025届高考语法复习句法知识讲解(主谓一致+动词时态+助动词)
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高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中,谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如,你、我、他是学生,中文“是”字是一样的,只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变:I am,you are,he is。
主谓一致有三大原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。
(一)语法一致名词是单数,谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等,谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住:绝大多数都用单数,只有明确的复数名词,谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜,只能是复数,如果前面加上“一双”“一条”,后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数,一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然,all才是真正的主语,所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里,She才是真正的主语,所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
专题02 名词和主谓一致 -2022年高考英语备考系列(复习思维导图+必备知识手册)
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①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。
☞Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
☞Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
7.两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers女司机the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友the girl’s friend这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
8.名词与其同根形容词都可以作定语,但意思上往往有差别:用名词作定语时,表示被修饰的名词的质地
Mr. Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She,like you and Tom,is very tall.
4. either,neitheபைடு நூலகம்,each,every或no +单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
college students大学生girl friend女友
vegetable garden菜园basketball match篮球赛
☞Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!
☞He bought the shoes in that shoe shop.这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
高考英语语法复习二:主谓一致
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语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Y oung Pioneers.注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:The writer and artist has come.; / ②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
2022届高考英语(第二讲 名词和主谓一致)语法精讲精练 教师版
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(一)分类(二)转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换抽象名词与个体名词的转换热忱的欢迎convenience food快餐convenient food制作方便的食品名词是英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。
综合近几年高考对名词的考查,单项填空题中,每年都出现1—2道题。
此外,在阅读理解和完形填空中,名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。
因此,在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We awaeeA woman with a bab wa on the buNobod but Jim and Mie wa on the ing toe modation【答案】D【解析】accommodation表示“住处”;occu mitment C com mitment意为“投入;奉献;承诺”;common________A mon ________, hi deciion i not wieA wordB viewC ightD wa【答案】B【解析】句意:在我看来,他的决定不明智。
in one’ view表示“在某人看来”。
Engih teacher i rea ver ind I’ never forget the ________he ha done meA favorB deedC heeanB a had been etted without much________A affectB affairC effectD effort 【答案】D【解析】affect影响;affair事务;effect影响,效果;effort尝试,努力。
句意:据报道,问题没费多大事就解决了。
根据语意可知,D项正确。
without effort意思是“毫不费力地”。
ith made toda gave a trong ________on the tudentA e ae an im ent ha decided to give________ to thoe environmenta-friend buinee in man aef into the water without________A heitationB uggetionC orderD aing【答案】A【解析】发现一名女孩正在水中挣扎,他毫不犹豫地跳入水里。
高考英语复习 语法专题精讲精练 名词和主谓一致(含练习习题及解析)
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高考英语复习语法专题精讲精练名词和主谓一致(含练习习题及解析)(一)分类(二)转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换可数名词有单数和复数的变化,而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
名词考点聚焦名词是英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。
综合近几年高考对名词的考查,单项填空题中,每年都出现1—2道题。
此外,在阅读理解和完形填空中,名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。
因此,在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too muchB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. a good many【解析】 答案为C 。
“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词,所以先排除B 和D 两个选项。
根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张,以防用光。
”选择答案C 。
too much 意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词,但用在这儿不符合题意。
②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.A. many ofB. masses ofC. the number ofD. a large amount of【解析】答案为B。
【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词;the number of…意为“……的数量”;a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词;“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词,意为“……中的许多”。
一是考查语义方面的辨析:主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。
2017届高考英语语法复习专题02名词和主谓一致(高考押题)牛津译林版
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专题02名词和主谓一致高考押题1.Sometimes to get out of difficulty, one must change his way of thinking, or simply change his_______ towards a problem.A. emotionB. approachC. accessD. target【答案】B【解析】emotion情绪,情感,感情,感动,激动;approach方式,方法;access入口,通道,接近(的机会),使用之权;target目标,靶子。
句意:有时,要想走出困境,一个人就必须改变自己的思考方式或简单地说变换思考问题的角度。
2.Emotional conflict may shake the _______ of even the strongest relationship, e.g. between husbandand wife, parents and children.A. proportionB. foundationC. innovationD. interaction【答案】B【解析】proportion比,比率,比例;foundation基础;innovation改革,创新;interaction互动,一起活动。
句意:情感冲突可以动摇哪怕是最牢固的人际关系的基础。
所以选B。
3.—Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem.—You know, music is the source of _______ in life.A. inspirationB. identificationC. reactionD. recreation 【答案】A【解析】inspiration灵感;identification认同,鉴定,识别,验明,身份证明;reaction反应,反作用力;recreation消遣(方式),娱乐(方式)。
高三英语高考语法知识点归纳总结主谓一致
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①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today.
A.a, /B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the
a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women singers, men servants
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (have) been to America.
在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every或more than a (an)/one,many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。.
高考复习英语语法总结
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高考复习英语语法总结
1. 时态
英语中有12种时态,包括简单现在时、进行时、完成时等。
掌握各个时态的用法和构成是非常重要的。
2. 主谓一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
例如:He runs fast.(他跑得很快。
)
3. 名词性从句
名词性从句可以充当一个名词,在句子中作为主语、宾语或表语出现。
例如:What he said was true.(他说的是真的。
)
4. 形容词与副词比较级和最高级
形容词与副词比较级表示两者之间的程度差异,最高级则表示三者及以上之间的程度差异。
5. 定冠词与不定冠词
定冠词the用于特定事物前,而不定冠词a/an则用于泛指某个事物。
6. 介系动词及其短语
介系动词后面通常接一个名次或代替名次的短语,并且这些短语都需要使用适当的介系关系来连接起来。
7. 虚拟条件
虚拟条件句分为三种类型:第一类虚拟条件句表示可能会实现但尚未实现的情况,第二类虚拟条件句表示不可能实现的情况,第三类虚拟条件句表示过去本来可以发生但没有发生的事情。
8. 省略
在英语中有些词或短语可以省略,例如:主语、助动词等。
需要根据上下文和语法规则进行判断。
9. 从句连接词
从句连接词用于连接两个分句,在复合句中起到关键作用。
常见的从句连接词包括that, whether, if, when等。
10. 倒装
倒装是指将谓语动词放在主语之前,通常出现在疑问句、否定意义强调时或者某些特殊结构中。
高考英语复习 专题10 主谓一致 知识点归纳总结
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高考英语复习专题10 主谓一致知识点归纳总结主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,You are,He is,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
一、主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近原则(principle of proximity)。
A. 语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
B. 意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。
2. 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
新高考英语总复习主谓一致专题复习资料
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新高考英语总复习主谓一致专题复习资料1.主语为单数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;主语若为复数名词,谓语则用复数形式。
These students are from the countryside.The air is quite fresh here.2.由and或both..and连接两个并列的主语,若表示同一人、事或概念,谓语用单数;若表示不同的人、事或概念,谓语则用复数。
My friend and classmate Tom likes playing basketball.Both tea and coffee are my favorites.3.就近原则:there be句型,或由连词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a girl and two boys playing on the ground.Not only my brother but also I am good at painting.4.就远原则:主语后跟有with, together with, along with, as well as ,rather than, including, like, but, except等引起的并列主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Jane, together with her parents, goes to the park every Sunday.5.在定语从句中,关系代词that,which,who等作主语时,从句谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致;先行词为“one of + 复数名词”时,从句谓语用复数形式,但先行词为“the only one of +复数名词”时,从句用单数形式。
The boys who are playing basketball there like swimming.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6.单个的动名词、to do不定式、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
超实用高考英语复习:主谓一致-高频考点解密
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(4)山脉、群岛、瀑布等的名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。
(5)“the+adj.”泛指一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数形式。这类词有the poor, the rich,the deaf,the brave,the dead,the old,the young,the sick, the guilty(有罪的人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 这是因为地球表面的三分之二是辽阔的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任务已完成。
复
义
数
一 last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”
视
致 作主语, 谓语要和of之后的名词单复数
情
原
况
则 保持一致
而
定
主谓一致的应用
1.不定代词作主语 不定代词either,neither,each,one,someone,somebody,something,
anyone,anybody,nobody,no one,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用单 数。
Either answer is correct. 两个答案都正确。 Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou. 每个男孩和女孩都喜欢周杰伦。
(全)高考英语语法真题详解-名词和主谓一致
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高考英语语法真题详解-名词和主谓一致[感悟高考]一、名词单句语法填空/单句改错1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia's biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________ (attract).(2016·全国Ⅱ,61)2.The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.(2016·全国Ⅰ,69)3.I'd skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting).(2015·全国Ⅰ,65) 4.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)答案 1.attraction 2.days 3.paintings 4.honest→honesty二、主谓一致单句语法填空1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.(2016·全国Ⅱ,63)2.This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015·全国Ⅱ,68)3.In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014·全国Ⅰ,61)4.It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.(2015·湖南,27)5.All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南,32)答案 1.is 2.goes 3.was 4.is;takes 5.is[考点清单]名词考点一可数名词复数的规则变化规则❶以-o结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加-s,但中学英语中下列名词要加-es,它们是:黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿,即Negroes,heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。
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二.名词和主谓一致1.名词的数(1).常见的不可数名词:advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词(2).有些名词通常只用作复数。
如:glasses.clothes.trousers(裤子).ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit(以很高的热情).It is good manners to do sth.(做某事有礼貌)(3).有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意义不同。
Workun.工作cn.作品,著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件(4).名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有:each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有:(a)little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有:some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。
2.名词的单复数(1).绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
bus→buses;; fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes box →boxe s; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; dress →dr esses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitres s(女侍者)→waitresses(3).以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
candy→candies;lady→ladie s; story→stories strawberry →strawberri es; baby →babies;library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; activit y →activities(4).以-o结尾的名词,加-es,或加-s构成复数。
-es:黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿。
Negroes. heroes. echoes. potatoes. Tomatoeszero既可加-s,也可加-es(5).以-f或-fe结尾的名词,一般直接加-s,但下列词需要将-f或-fe去掉,加-ves为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半Self-selves, life-lives, thief-thieves, wife-wives, knife-knives,leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, half-halves*staff(员工)→staves; scarf(围巾)→scarves(6).常见单复同形的名词Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, series, means, fish, fruit(其中fish,fruit表示种类是,可加复数词尾,即fishes, fruits)(7).集合名词a.形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family (家庭),team (队),class (班),audience (听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。
His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。
This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。
This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。
c.形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。
People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词head(单复数同形)。
如:five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛c.形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。
Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。
3.名词的所有格表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。
如:“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。
名词所有格的构成有以下规则:(1).一般情况下,在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。
如:Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.(2).以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加’如:my parents' car 我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
(3).表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。
如:Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如:Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
(4).名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的习惯上可以省去不用。
如:The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
(5).“of+名词”属格。
The window of the classroom教室的窗户the capital of China中国的首都The weather of ShangHai上海的天气.(6).双重所有格即’s属格和of属格结合起来表示所有关系A book of my friend’s.4.名词作定语作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
作定语的名词有以下三种形式:(1).一般用单数形a meeting room 会议室 morning exercise早操a story book 故事书a shoe shop 鞋店(2). man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。
a woman teacher 一位女教师two women teachers 两位女教师(3). sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。
a sports meet 运动会 a goods train 货车customs house 海关 a sales manager 营业主任*名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别;所有格表示所属关系The girl friend 女朋友The girl’s friend那位女孩的朋友5.主谓一致(1)就近原则a. 由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。
b. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus. 汽车来了。
c. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
d. 在强调句(It’s ….that/who….)中,who/that又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
(2).意义一致原则a.”every/each/no+名词+and every/each/no+名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。
Every boy and every girl is having sports now.b.”one+单数名词+and a half”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
One apple and a half was on table.c.”more than one +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
More than one student has failed the exam.d.”many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Many a child was playing there.(3)。
语法一致原则只要确定主语时单数意义,则谓语用单数,主语是复数意义,则谓语用复数。