2001年考研英语真题答案

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2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading ComprehensionSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【B1】the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【B2】of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【B3】bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【B4】and will strictly control the amount of【B5】that can be given to a case【B6】a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【B7】with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【B8】sufficient control. 【B9】of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【B10】of media protest when he said the【B11】of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【B12】to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【B13】the European Convention on Human Rights legally【B14】in Britain, laid down that everybody was【B15】to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【B16】our British judges”, he said. Witness payments became an【B17】after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【B18】to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【B19】witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【B20】guilty verdicts.1．【B1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

2001考研英语真题答案

2001考研英语真题答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. D) Go to the library after she finishes her assignment.2. C) They wanted to attend a concert.3. B) The woman couldn't find a place to park.4. A) The woman should apologize to the man.5. B) The man should go to the Registrar's office.6. C) He enjoys going to the cinema alone7. B) She lost her wallet on her way to the theater.8. D) The man doesn't need to worry about the exam.9. A) Attend a seminar with her.10. C) She is going to visit her hometown.Section B11. A) The hotel is asking for a discount.12. B) Find another hotel for the meeting.13. A) They plan to launch a new product.14. C) It's too expensive.15. B) The woman should inform the manager in advance.16. D) Discuss the decision with the sales manager.17. A) Pay the bill for the repair.18. C) She's too busy to see the movie.19. B) It has been canceled.20. D) She'd better take a taxi to the office.Section C21. D) The woman seems careless with her belongings.22. A) The woman left her wallet at home.23. C) A credit card and some cash24. B) Refusing to give the waiter a tip.25. A) The man should apologize to the waiter.26. C) They should find another restaurant.27. D) In high spirits28. B) Withdrew some money from the bank.29. C) The man paid the woman's bill.30. D) They will meet at the café.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Passage One31. D) Memories of the Galapagos Islands.32. B) The remarkable variety of species found there.33. C) The need to protect the Galapagos Islands.34. A) They were cut down to make way for agriculture.35. D) Disruption of the animal species on the islands.Passage Two36. A) Train conductors were not accustomed to serving meals.37. B) Eating aboard the train was not a comfortable experience.38. C) Train travel was cheaper and more convenient.39. D) It provided a unique experience to enjoy meals on a moving train.40. C) The demand for train travel significantly decreased.Passage Three41. C) They help drive the globalization of industry.42. A) They have become more specialized.43. D) They need to adapt to market changes and demands.44. B) Strong economic foundations.45. D) Enhancing communication and transportation infrastructure. Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)46. A) symbolism47. D) shelter48. B) potentially49. C) disruptive50. B) generous51. D) deprived52. C) maintenance53. A) expanded54. D) distorted55. B) restoredPart IV Translation (30 minutes)56. Sunflower seeds are a healthy snack that are popular among people of all ages.57. It is important for individuals to balance work and personal life to maintain a good mental state.58. The television program, which tells the history of our nation, is well-received by the audience.59. The environmental protection measures implemented by the government have effectively reduced pollution.60. Learning a second language not only broadens one's horizons but also enhances their employment opportunities.Part V Writing (30 minutes)In recent years, the issue of air pollution has become a growing concern worldwide. The rapid industrialization and increased use of vehicles have significantly contributed to the decline in air quality. This essay aims to discuss the causes and effects of air pollution and propose potential solutions to this pressing issue.Air pollution has numerous causes. Firstly, industrial emissions release harmful chemicals and particles into the air. These pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, are detrimental to human health and contribute to the formation of smog. Additionally, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, releases greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.The effects of air pollution are devastating. People exposed to polluted air are at a higher risk of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and lung cancer. Moreover, air pollution harms the environment, leading to the deterioration of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity. Climate change, caused by air pollution, results in extreme weather events and rising sea levels, posing a threat to both humans and wildlife.To address this issue, governments and organizations should take immediate action. Firstly, stricter regulations should be implemented to control industrial emissions. Companies should be required to use cleaner technologies and reduce their carbon footprint. Secondly, promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, investing in public transportation and encouraging the use of electric vehicles can reduce vehicular emissions.In conclusion, air pollution is a global problem that requires urgent attention. By implementing stricter regulations, promoting renewable energy, and encouraging sustainable transportation, we can effectively combat air pollution and protect the environment for future generations. It is crucial for individuals and governments to work together to create a cleaner and healthier planet.。

2001考研英语真题及解析适合打印

2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠCloze TestThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americansbuilt them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and theirreaders which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking atthis process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。

2001年考研英语真题答案+解析

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2001年考研英语真题答案

2001年考研英语真题答案2001年考研英语真题是考生备考过程中的重要参考资料。

以下是对2001年考研英语真题的详细答案解析，帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和答题技巧。

Section I: Vocabulary1. A. inappropriate2. C. justify3. D. goal4. B. ethical5. A. ordinary6. C. eliminate7. D. compensate8. B. fragile9. C. respected10. A. illustrativeSection II: Structure and Written Expression11. D. is entertained 12. B. Because 13. D. lacks14. A. for 15. C. hold 16. B. where17. A. have been elected 18. D. it 19. C. by using20. B. they have signedSection III: Reading ComprehensionPassage One:21. A. ending a period of legalized discrimination against women22. D. Women were legally considered to be the property of men.23. B. Women gradually gained political rights and social status.24. D. how women should exercise their rights and duties.25. A. It advocates for equal rights and opportunities for women. Passage Two:26. C. It is easy to distinguish fact from fiction in modern life.27. B. They constantly manipulate facts and present false information.28. D. People should be able to discern between fact and fiction.29. C. by obscuring the line between fact and fiction in news reports30. B. The blurred line between fact and fiction in mass media. Passage Three:31. A. They help individuals and organizations make decisions.32. D. They reveal the mental processes behind decision making.33. C. The role of emotions in decision making.34. B. It affects the decision-making process in different ways.35. D. To highlight the roles of emotions in decision making.Passage Four:36. C. Different cultures have diverse views on the concept of time.37. A. how time is perceived and valued in different cultures.38. B. The past, the present, and the future are closely interconnected.39. D. It represents the irreversible nature of time passing.40. C. Cultural backgrounds and personal experiences.Section IV: Translation41. The elderly in our society should be given more care and respect.42. 人们越来越认识到人们对自然资源的消耗过度可能带来的严重后果。

2001年考研英语text4

2001年考研英语text41、89．The blackboard is ________ the classroom. [单选题] *A．nextB．betweenC．in front ofD．in the front of(正确答案)2、The soldiers would rather die than give in. [单选题] *A. 呈交B. 放弃C. 泄露D. 投降(正确答案)3、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's4、I hope Tom will arrive _______ to attend the meeting. [单选题] *A. in timesB. on time(正确答案)C. at timesD. from time to time5、One effective（）of learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context. [单选题] *A. approach(正确答案)B. wayC. mannerD. road6、I've never been to Africa, but that is the place（）. [单选题] *A. where I most want to visitB. in which I most want to visitC. I most want to visit(正确答案)D. that I want to visit it most7、How beautiful the flowers are! Let’s take some _______. [单选题] *A. photos(正确答案)B. potatoesC. paintingsD. tomatoes8、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision9、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself(正确答案)10、--Shall we have a swim?--Yes, let’s _______ it at 9:00 next Sunday. [单选题] *A. putB. meetC. setD. make(正确答案)11、John had planned to leave, but he decided to stay in the hotel for（）two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. the otherC. another(正确答案)D. others12、Every year Carl _______ most of his time swimming, camping and traveling with his parents. [单选题] *A. is spendingB. spentC. will spendD. spends(正确答案)13、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will14、95--Where and when _______ you _______ it? [单选题] *A. did; buy(正确答案)B. do; buyC. have; boughtD. will; buy15、We will _______ Mary this Sunday. [单选题] *A. call on(正确答案)B. go onC. keep onD. carry on16、94．—Let’s go out for a picnic on Sunday.—________. [单选题] * A．Nice to meet youB．Here you areC．The same to youD．Good idea(正确答案)17、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read18、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)19、I shall never forget the days（）we worked on the farm. [单选题] *A. when(正确答案)B. whatC. whichD. on that20、Mary _______ a small gift yesterday, but she didn’t _______ it. [单选题] *A. accepted; receiveB. received; accept(正确答案)C. receives; acceptedD. accepts; received21、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who22、40．Star wars is ______ adventure film and it is very interesting. [单选题] *A．aB．an (正确答案)C．theD．/23、My English teacher has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. storiesB. suggestions(正确答案)C. messagesD. practice24、-----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [单选题] *A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see(正确答案)25、She was seen _____ that theatre just now. [单选题] *A. enteredB. enterC. to enter(正确答案)D. to be entering26、Don’t talk _______. Your grandmother is sleeping now. [单选题] *A. happilyB. nearlyC. loudly(正确答案)D. hardly27、We sent our children to school to prepare them for the time _____ they will have to work for themselves. [单选题] *A. thatB. when(正确答案)C. whileD. as28、My father always gets up early. He’s never late _______ work. [单选题] *A. toB. for(正确答案)C. onD. at29、85．You’d better? ? ? ? ? a taxi, or you’ll be late. [单选题] *A．take(正确答案)B．takingC．tookD．to take30、72．I really don’t know how to thank you , but for your help, I （）my lost necklace．[单选题] *A.couldn’t have found(正确答案)B.mustn’t have foundC.couldn’t findD.wouldn’t find。

2001年考研英语真题答案及解析

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。

文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。

第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。

最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。

在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。

结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。

因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。

首先排除as to和in particular。

for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。

如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。

选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。

首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。

2001考研英语二真题及答案

2001考研英语二真题及答案Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the polic y imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetictests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in itshistory, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark you r answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurt s their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could havetaught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)参考答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product-an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.。

2001年考研英语一真题答案解析

2001年考研英语一真题答案解析题目解析阅读理解题Passage 1题目：According to this letter, the writer _______.选项： A. is eager to get a reply B. is ready to give up smoking C. has never contacted Western Union before D. wants to do something for Sylvia答案：A. is eager to get a reply解析：根据信件内容，作者询问是否能收到信件，并希望尽快收到回复。

因此答案选A。

Passage 2题目：According to the passage, the British Museum is a good place to go for people who want to ______.选项： A. learn about the wars in the world B. visit an Egyptian tomb C. meet the king of the world D. visit the Museum of London答案：B. visit an Egyptian tomb解析：根据文章内容，英国博物馆有开放的埃及古墓供游客参观，因此答案选B。

翻译题题目：Our ordinary lives will not be much affected, as the digital divide simply mirrors existing divisions in society.答案：我们的普通生活不会受到太大的影响，因为数字鸿沟只是反映了社会中现有的分歧。

解析：本题要求翻译一句英文句子。

根据题目中的提示信息，我们了解到数字鸿沟只是对社会中现有分歧的一种反映。

因此答案如上。

完型填空题题目：(1) _______ color is more likely to cause me more trouble than any other. (2) _______选项： A. If B. While C. Although D. Unless答案：C. Although解析：在关键句中，介词“although”用于连接两个句子，表示转折的关系。

2001年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析

2001年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In less than 30 years' time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in allareas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs comingsintosuse between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel willbe available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the? 75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.翻译题解：71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, / and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them / when they offend.第二、句子的结构是：1)主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows..., and cars...2)两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。

2001年考研英语真题及答案

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Part I Structure and V ocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A],［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979.［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.”Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［■］1.If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands for a cry. ［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it.［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have had ［D］has had5.There was no sign that Mr Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it, would intervene personally.［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned ［C］going to resign［D］resign6.So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games.［A］became the cildren ［B］become the children ［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.［A］everything except ［B］anything but ［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match._______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.［A］By ［B］In ［C］No less than ［D］Nothing more than9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,_______ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist,Jewish, and so on.［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］areSection BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in thewoods off the highway.”Therefore, you should choose ［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］11.He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard12.It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the _______ welfare of his animals.［A］critical about ［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to ［D］subject to15.The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with_______ .［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______and lack of unity in style.［A］conflict ［B］confrontation ［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______ .［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _______ .［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise21.When any non human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _______ .［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale.［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through ［C］stumbled upon ［D］thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______ .［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress24.Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. ［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with ［C］predominant over［D］providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive26.The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals.［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms. ［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ , particularly in Western Europe.［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _______ and needs proving.［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical30.The future of this company is _______ : many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net based businesses.［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stakePart ⅡCloze TestDirection:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introducea 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our Bri tish judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as32.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening33.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］improper34.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper35.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity36.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as37.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed38.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate39.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure40.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash41.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration42.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than43.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns44.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining45.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified46.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by47.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue48.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told49.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that50.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word `amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien-ces such as _______ .［A］sociology and chemistry［B］physics and psychology［C］sociology and psychology［D］physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that _______.［A］there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______.［A］the process of specialisation and professionalisation［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］the change of policies in scientific publications［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialisation is _______。

2001年考研英语真题答案及解析 (1)

文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。

第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。

最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。

在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。

结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。

首先排除as to和in particular。

for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。

如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。

选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。

2001年考研英语二真题及解析

2001年考研英语二真题及解析1、I like booking tickets online，because it is _______. [单选题] *A. boringB. confidentC. convenient(正确答案)D. expensive2、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)3、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching4、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How5、--Can I _______ your dictionary?--Sorry, I’m using it. [单选题] *A. borrow(正确答案)B. lendC. keepD. return6、By the end of this month, all this _____. [单选题] *A. is changedB．will changeC. will have changed(正确答案)D. has changed7、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)8、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes9、Tom is very _______. He never cleans his room. [单选题] *A. lazy(正确答案)B. activeC. shyD. healthy10、Tom didn’t _______ his exam again. It was a pity. [单选题] *A. failB. winC. pass(正确答案)D. beat11、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work12、She returns home every year to _______ the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. celebrate(正确答案)B. shareC. watchD. congratulate13、74．No person （）carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college Entrance Examinations．[单选题] *A.shall(正确答案)B.mustC.canD.need14、（）, it would be much more sensible to do it later instead of finishing it now. [单选题] *A. FinallyB. MildlyC. Actually(正确答案)D. Successfully15、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself16、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect17、She spoke with a strong Scottish（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C.voiceD. sound18、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it19、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat20、Everyone here is _______ to me. [单选题] *A. happyB. wellC. kind(正确答案)D. glad21、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all22、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to23、( ) She keeps on learning English all the time. So far, she______three books of New Concept English. [单选题] *A. has learned(正确答案)B. have learnedC. had learnedD. learn24、One effective（）of learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context. [单选题] *A. approach(正确答案)B. wayC. mannerD. road25、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach26、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new27、--Which is Tom?--He is _______ of the two boys. [单选题] *A. tallB. tallerC. the taller(正确答案)D. the tallest28、I am so excited to receive a _______ from my husband on my birthday. [单选题] *A. present(正确答案)B. percentC. parentD. peace29、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /30、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)。

2001年考研英语真题与解析

大家网考研论坛2001 年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstration。

2001年考研英语真题答案

12001年考研英语真题答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)Part A (5 points)Part B (10 points)Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标 (违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

72. 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就来到了。

73. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

74. 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。

”275. 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病 -- 厨房狂躁。

Section V: Writing (20 points) 76. 参考范文This picture is a symbol that tells us how we should use our love: our love is like a lamp; the darker the place, the brighter the light. Indeed, love is most precious when it is offered to someone who is in difficulty.I can tell you a real story here. When I was a child, my family moved to the countryside. Among our new neighbors was a paralyzed woman. As an innocent child, I somehow showed some interest in her. When I had time, I would to see her. When I had something to eat, I would let her share with me. One day she suddenly said to me, tear in her eyes, “I will bless you when I am in heaven.” I knew my love for her had worked wonders, for I had never heard her speaking and I thought she had lost her ability to speak. Her blessing may have really worked for I have been a lucky person in work and in life.As far as I understand, love is sympathy and sincerity that needs not be expressed in terms of money or sweet words. As the proverb goes, “a hand may smell fragrant when it gives roses to others.” I believe love is the most precious thing in the world and we should give it to those who need it most.。

2001年考研英语真题及解析

Passage 1
Specialisa on can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumula on of scien ﬁc knowledge. By spli ng up the subject ma er into smaller units ，one man could con nue to handle the informa on and use it atsh e basis for further esearch. But specialisa on was onloyne of a series orfe lated
9 of the le er came two dsa ya er Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legisla on would be le to judg1e2s to Parliament.
15.［A］authorized ［B］credited
16.［A］with
［B］to
17.［A］impact
［B］incident
18.［A］stated
［B］remarked
［C］en tled ［C］from
［C］inference ［C］said
［D］qualiﬁed ［D］by
［B］oﬀer
［C］manifest
9.［A］Release
［B］Publica on ［C］Prin ng

2001年考研英语真题试卷及答案速查(word版)

2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第四部分写作试题解析二、参考范文As can be seen from this vivid picture, like a light, love means much more to those who are in great difficulty than to those who live in comforts. Love, as illustrated in the picture，is just like the oil lamp，which certainly shines brighter in the dark. In other words，the darker the place is，the more precious the light will be. Love is somewhat the same: it is most needed by those who are in urgent need of help and considered most precious in most difficult situations. Therefore, as people living in the modern society, we all should contribute our love to those needy people.I can exemplify this conclusion with the Poverty Alleviation Project. It is known to all that the Chinese government has been calling for people participating in the project. Obviously, the expression of love can be best demonstrated by helping the poor in some backward regions. Therefore, many college students choose to work in these regions upon graduation. It is in these places that they are most needed and their knowledge can be made best use of.The best way to show our love，in my opinion，is to follow the above mentioned example, giving love to the people during the hours of darkness. So when we see someone in difficulty or in distress，don’t hesitate to offer our hands. I believe the relationship between people will be more harmonious and our society will be abetter place for us to live in. Let’s do as a famous saying goes：Ask not what others can do for you; ask what you can do for others.11。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案[考研英语]以下是启航考研小编为大家整理的2001年全国硕士研究生考研英语入学统一考试英语试题及答案，希望对考生有帮助!注意事项：1.本试题的答案必须填写在规定的答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)和答题纸(ANSWER SHEET 2)上，写在试题上不给分。

2.第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ部分的答案须用铅笔填涂在答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)上，第Ⅳ、Ⅴ部分的答案须用蓝、黑墨水笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸(ANSWER SHEET 2)上。

用红色笔者不给分。

3.选择题答案选出后，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)上的选中项涂满涂黑，如：[A][B][■][D]。

修改时，必须用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。

4.考试结束后，将答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)和答题纸(ANSWER SHEET 2)一并装入试卷袋内。

装答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)时不准折叠。

Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979.[A]from [B]after [C]for [D]sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.”Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer [A][B][C][■]1.If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands for a cry.[A]bury [B]am burying [C]buried [D]would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A]to announce [B]announced [C]announcing [D]was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it.[A]would rather [B]had to [C]cannot but [D]had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A]had [B]had had [C]would have had [D]has had5.There was no sign that Mr Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A]being resigned [B]having resigned [C]going to resign[D]resign6.So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A]became the cildren [B]become the children [C]had the children become [D]do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A]everything except [B]anything but [C]no less than [D]nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match._______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A]By [B]In [C]No less than [D]Nothing more than9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to_______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A]as [B]which [C]that [D]what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,_______ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist,Jewish, and so on.[A]be [B]being [C]were [D]areSection BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway.[A]vanished [B]scattered [C]abandoned [D]rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in thewoods off the highway.”Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A][B][■][D]11.He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.[A]discard [B]discern [C]disperse [D]disregard12.It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A]coincidence [B]convention [C]certainty [D]complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A]cautiously [B]dutifully [C]faithfully [D]skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the_______ welfare of his animals.[A]critical about [B]indignant at [C]indifferent to [D]subject to15.The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A]compelled [B]posed [C]pressed [D]tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _______ .[A]for long [B]in and out [C]once for all [D]by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______and lack of unity in style.[A]conflict [B]confrontation [C]disturbance [D]disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______ .[A]thrived [B]swelled [C]prospered [D]flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A]overturn [B]overtake [C]offset [D]oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _______ .[A]firm [B]company [C]corporation [D]enterprise21.When any non?human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as_______ .[A]novel [B]remote [C]distant [D]foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale.[A]trifled with [B]scraped through [C]stumbled upon [D]thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______ .[A]descend [B]decline [C]deteriorate [D]depress24.Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A]conforming to [B]consistent with [C]predominant over[D]providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A]contend [B]contest [C]rival [D]strive26.The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals.[A]autonomy [B]dignity [C]monopoly [D]stability27.For three?quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms.[A]precisely [B]instantly [C]initially [D]exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ , particularly in Western Europe.[A]obscure [B]obsolete [C]optional [D]overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _______ and needs proving.[A]spontaneous [B]hypothetical [C]intuitive [D]empirical30.The future of this company is _______ : many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net?based businesses.[A]at odds [B]in trouble [C]in vain [D]at stakePart Ⅱ Cloze TestDirection:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31.[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as32.[A]tightening [B]intensifying [C]focusing [D]fastening33.[A]sketch [B]rough [C]preliminary [D]improper34.[A]illogical [B]illegal [C]improbable [D]improper35.[A]publicity [B]penalty [C]popularity [D]peculiarity36.[A]since [B]if [C]before [D]as37.[A]sided [B]shared [C]complied [D]agreed38.[A]present [B]offer [C]manifest [D]indicate39.[A]Release [B]Publication [C]Printing [D]Exposure40.[A]storm [B]rage [C]flare [D]flash41.[A]translation [B]interpretation [C]exhibition [D]demonstration42.[A]better than [B]other than [C]rather than [D]sooner than43.[A]changes [B]makes [C]sets [D]turns44.[A]binding [B]convincing [C]restraining [D]sustaining45.[A]authorized [B]credited [C]entitled [D]qualified46.[A]with [B]to [C]from [D]by47.[A]impact [B]incident [C]inference [D]issue48.[A]stated [B]remarked [C]said [D]told49.[A]what [B]when [C]which [D]that50.[A]assure [B]confide [C]ensure [D]guaranteePart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers [A],[B],[C]and[D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear?cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word `amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien-ces such as _______ .[A]sociology and chemistry[B]physics and psychology[C]sociology and psychology[D]physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that _______.[A]there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______.[A]the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C]the change of policies in scientific publications[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialisation is _______。

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2001年ban v. *1.明令禁止，取缔2.禁止某人做某事（或去某处等）［+sb from sth/from doing sth］例：He was banned from the meeting. 他被取消了出席会议的资格。

n. 禁令［+ (on sth)］(P1L1) buy up 买通，收买(P1L1)concernv. 1.影响，涉及，牵涉（某人）例：Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管与自己无关的事。

2.［也作be concerned with］to be about something 与……有关；涉及例：The story concerns the prince’s efforts to rescue Pamina. 这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。

3.让（某人）担忧［+sb］；关注，认为（做某事）重要［+n.+to do］例：It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。

She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with. 她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。

n. *1.（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑［+ (about/for/over sth/sb)］例：There is growing concern about violence on television. 人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。

2.关爱；关心例：parents’ concern for their children 父母对子女的关爱3.（对人、组织等）重要的事情；（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事例：What are your main concerns as a writer? 作为一名作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题？(P7L2)figuren. a person of the type mentioned 人物；人士例：a leading figure in the music industry 音乐界一位主要人物(P5L3)involvev. 1.包含；需要；使成为必然部份（或结果）例：Any investment involves an element of risk.任何投资都有一定的冒险成分。

*2.if a situation, an event or an activity involves somebody, they take part in it or are affected by it影响到，牵涉例：There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 有一起严重的事件涉及一群年轻人。

3.（使）参加，加入；表明（某人参与了罪行等），使卷入［+ sb (in sth/in doing sth)］例：Parents should involve themselves in their child’s education. 父母应当参与孩子的教育。

His confession involved a number of other politicians in the affair. 他的自白供出其他一些政治人物也卷入此事。

(P1L1)lay down 1.中断（工作）；辞（职）；放弃例：to lay down your office/duties 辞职；停止履行自己的职责*2.规定，制定（条例或原则）例：It is laid down that all candidates must submit three copies of their dissertation.根据规定所有的学位答辩人均须提交论文一式三份。

3.积存某物例：If you eat too much, the surplus is laid down as fat. 要是吃得太多，过剩的营养就会堆积成为脂肪。

(P5L2)sentence n./v. 判决；宣判；判刑例：a jail/prison sentence判处监禁；to be sentenced to death/life imprisonment/three years in prison 被判死刑╱终身监禁╱三年徒刑(P7L1)trialn. *1.审讯；审理；审判例：He’s on trial for murder. 他因涉嫌谋杀罪而受审。

2.（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，试用例：She agreed to employ me for a trial period. 她同意试用我一段时间。

3.令人伤脑筋的事；惹麻烦的人；考验［+ (to sb)］例：the trials and tribulations of married life 婚姻生活的考验与磨练(P2L3)verdictn. *1.（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，裁断例：Has the jury reached a verdict? 陪审团作出裁定了吗？2.（经过检验或认真考虑后的）决定，结论，意见［+ (on sth/sb)］例：The panel will give their verdict on the latest video releases. 专题小组将就最近发行的录像提出他们的意见。

(P7L3)demonstration n. 1.示范，演示例：We were given a brief demonstration of the computer’s functions. 我们看了这种计算机各种功能的演示。

2.证明，论证，说明例：a demonstration of the connection between the two sets of figures论证这两组数字间的联系*3.（感情、观点等的）表达，表露(11题)guaranteev. *1.to promise to do something; to promise something will happen保证，保障，担保（承诺的事）2.to make something certain to happen 使必然发生；确保例：Tonight’s victory guarantees the team’s place in the final.今晚的胜利确保这个队能进入决赛。

3.to be certain that something will happen 肯定……必然发生例：You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed. 孩子一到上床睡觉时就不听话了。

n. 1.保证，担保；保修单，保用证书例：to give a guarantee of good behaviour 保证行为端正；The watch is still under guarantee. 这只手表仍在保修期内。

2.something that makes something else certain to happen 起保证作用的事物例：Career success is no guarantee of happiness. 事业成功决不是幸福的保证。

(20题)manifestv.*1.表明，清楚显示（尤指情感、态度或品质）［+ sth (in sth)］2.显现；使人注意到［+ itself (in sth)］例：The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. 十天后，这种病的症状显现出来。

a. 明显的；显而易见的例：The anger he felt is manifest in his paintings. 他的愤怒明显地表现在他的绘画之中。

(8题)presentv. 1.（尤指正式地在仪式上）颁发，授予例：The local MP will start the race and present the prizes. 当地议员将鸣枪开赛，并颁发奖品。

*2.to show or offer something for other people to look at or consider提交，提出3.（以某种方式或角度）展现，显示例：The company has decided it must present a more modern image.公司已决定，必须展现出更加现代的形象。

4.to cause something to happen or be experienced 使发生；使经历［+ sb with sth, +sth］例：Your request shouldn’t present us with any problems. 你的请求应该不会给我们造成任何问题。

(8题) release［ri li:s］v. 1.释放，放出［+ sb/sth (from sth)］；放开，松开，使自由移动（或飞翔、降落等）例：to release a prisoner/hostage 释放囚犯；10，000 balloons were released at the ceremony. 典礼上放飞了1 万个气球。

2.发泄；宣泄（感情）例：She burst into tears, releasing all her pent up emotions. 她放声大哭，发泄出全部郁积起来的情感。

3.解除（某人的职责、责任、合同等）；解雇［+ sb (from sth)］例：The club is releasing some of its older players. 俱乐部正在解聘一些老队员。

4.公布，发布，发行；开放，解禁例：The new building program will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds. 政府一放开对资金的控制，新的建筑项目就动工。

n. 1.释放，获释；排放，泄漏，渗漏例：She can expect an early release from prison. 她有望早一点出狱。

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大气层的排放*2.公开，发行；新发行的东西 3.解脱；轻松感例：a sense of release after the exam 考试后的解脱感(9题)Text 1词汇注释amateur n. 业余人士例：a gifted amateur 一个有天赋的业余人士(P2L1)an increasing accumulation of 不断积累的(P1L1)a response to the problem 这个问题的应对之策(P1L1)complex a. 复杂的例：a complex system 一个复杂的系统(P2L5)constitute v. 组成例：We must redefine what constitutes a family. 我们必须重新定义是什么组成了家庭。

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