环境科学专业词汇英语 (2)

环境工程专业英语pollution污染

a cid rain酸雨

interaction of systems系统的交互作用environmental problem环境问题

environmental disturbance环境破坏

biotic habitat生物环境

sulfur dioxide二氧化硫

nitrogen oxide氧化氮

carbon dioxide二氧化碳

automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家

primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物

dioxide二氧化物

trioxide三氧化物

carbon monoxide一氧化碳

carbon dioxide二氧化碳

sulfur dioxide二氧化硫

sulfur trioxide三氧化硫

nitrous oxide一氧化二氮

nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮

carbon oxides碳氮化物

sulfur oxides硫氧化物

nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物

inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热 noise噪声

contaminant污染物 strength强度

foreign matter杂质 domestic sewage生活污水municipal wastewater城市废水 microbe微生物microorganism微生物 bacteria细菌total solids总固体

inorganic constituents无机要素

suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质

total organic carbon, TOC总有机碳

chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的

contamination污染 recontamination再污染groundwater地下水 surface water地表水restriction限制 colloid胶体screening隔栅 coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤 disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒 aeration曝气

softening软化 activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理

microbial degradation微生物降解

biological degradation生化降解

biofilm process生物膜法

activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长

suspended-growth悬浮生长

shock loading冲击负荷

organic loading有机负荷

mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化

metabolism新陈代谢

dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺

primary clarifier初沉池

equalization basin均质池

biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池

secondary clarifier二沉池

biomass生物质

heterotrophic bacteria异养菌

autotrophic bacteria自养菌

hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT)污泥停留时间

solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的

agricultural农业的

hazardous危险的

residential住宅的

commercial商业的

putrescibl e易腐烂的

combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋 incineration:焚烧 composting: 堆肥 compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋 balance剩下的，余额，结余 batch-fed分批投料 refus e垃圾

municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行 shut down:关闭 energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化

中英互译短语

Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin调节池 aeration basin曝气池

sludge blocs污泥絮体 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜

well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source营养源mass-burning大量燃烧

fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法 soil conditioners土壤改良剂

温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic

腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model

正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor

光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing

放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化

1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear,

touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。

2、Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological

characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化，它对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响。

3、Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are

presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature目前大气中二氧化碳的增多，是一个全球性的问题，还有酸雨问题，一般来说它都具有一定的区域特性，这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子。

4、With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land,

disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls.

经过这些进步，尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响，例如耕地、森林的消失，环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制

5、Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water and

air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.城市化和工业化两者的现象，是过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本原因，在过去这些城市是处理不了的

6、Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewater

took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家，在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展。

1、What Is Air Pollution Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals

in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration. It can be a natural air component, such as carbon dioxide, that rises above its normal concentration, or something not usually found in the air, such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline. A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components. Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of some heavily populated cities, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution buildup什么是大气污染？大气污染一般定义为含有一种或多种浓度足够高得而且对人类、其他动物、植物或者物质产生有害影响的物质，有两种主要类型的大气污染，一次大气污染是一种化学物质直接排放到大气中并达到一定的