早期冲突加工的调节：在Flanker任务中对情绪词的反应的N200

二、问题提出
（一）Resolution of conflict between opposing response tendencies is a vital mechanism that enables coherent goaldirected behavior (Posner, Rueda, & Kanske, 2007). It has long been hypothesized that emotional stimuli can trigger conflict processing to reduce the time that an organism is incapable of responding in potentially threatening situations (Norman & Shallice, 1986; Pessoa, 2009). 相反的反应倾向下的冲突的解决是一个重要的机制，它能 够目标导向行为实现一致性。其中，一个长期的假设就是， 情绪刺激可以触发冲冲突加工，进而减少有机体在潜在威 胁情况写无能能力应对的时间。{重要性，以及已有研究 假设}
（二）被试 Twenty-six (14 female) participants completed the experiment. The mean age was 23.1 years of age (SD 1.7). All participants were native speakers of German, right-handed according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971), with a mean laterality quotient of 94.7 (SD 7.6), and reported normal or correctedto- normal vision. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Leipzig. All participants gave written informed consent prior to participation. 26名被试(14女)，平均年龄为23.1岁 (SD 1.7)。所有被试的 母语为德语，右利手（刷选），平均偏差话得分为94.7 (SD 7.6)，均正常视力或矫正视力正常。获得莱比锡城（德 国城市）大学伦理委员会支持，所有被试在参与前填写知 情同意书。
（三） In particular, it would be interesting to know how quickly emotion impacts conflict processing as rapid facilitation of conflict processing may be vital for survival in threatening situations. 特别的是，我们感兴趣的是想要知道情绪影响冲突加工的 速度有多快，这或许对于在威胁情况下的生存是非常重要 的。{研究问题}
（四） Therefore, we investigated the first conflict-related ERP response (N200) in a flanker task, in which incongruent stimuli typically elicit larger N200 amplitudes than congruent stimuli (van Veen & Carter, 2002). 因此，我们要了解在flanker任务中第一个和冲突相关的 ERP反应(N200) ，在不一致刺激类型比一致刺激诱发更大 的N200波幅。{考察对象} We hypothesized that the amplitude o fthe first conflictrelated ERP, the N200, is modulated by emotion. 研究假设：第一个冲突相关的ERP成分 N200受到情绪的调 节。
三、材料与方法
（一）实验材料 One-thousand selected German nouns were rated by 32 participants (16 female) for emotional valence (negative– neutral–positive), arousal (low arousing–high arousing), and concreteness (concrete–abstract) on a 9-point scale. Based on the ratings, 30 negative and 30 neutral words were selected. 32名参与着（16女）使用7点量表对对1000个选自德语的 名词进行情绪效价，唤醒度，具体性进行评定。基于等级 评定后选取30个消极词，30个中性词。（控制具体性，词 频，词长，唤醒度，效价显著差异）
（三）研究结果： Reaction times replicated accelerated conflict processing in emotional compared to neutral trials。 We also observed a conflict-related negativity at 200ms after stimulus onset. Interestingly, this N200 amplitude difference was enhanced in emotional trials. 相比中性试次下，情绪刺激条件下的反应时加速冲 突加工。我们也观察到在刺激开始后200ms冲突相关的负 波。有趣的是，这个N200在情绪试次下的增强是不同。
Modulation of early conflict processing: N200 responses to emotional words in a flanker task 早期冲突加工的调节：在Flanker任务中对情绪词的反应的N200
Neuropsychologia 神经心理学杂志 2010 Impact Factor: 3.302
Words were presented for 500 ms,maximum response time was 2000 ms. Each trial lasted 6000 ms. Stimulus onset in a trial was jittered (0–2000 ms) to avoid temporal orienting.
（二） Using a version of the flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974), we recently reported reduced reaction time conflict in emotional compared to neutral trials (Kanske & Kotz, 2010). This effect is subserved by activation of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for conflict in emotional trials only. 使用flanker任务，我们最近发现相比中性条件，情绪条件 下冲突的反应时减少。对于冲突，这种效果的促进是通过 腹侧ACC 激活，而这在情绪条件下发现。{实验范式，实验 预期}
Half of the words were of neutral, the other half of negative valence. Each of the 60 words was presented with congruent and incongruent flankers, yielding a total of 120 trials. The colors were pseudo-randomly assigned to the trials such that emotional and neutral words were presented equally often in green or red. 一半的词是中性，另一半是消极词。一致不一致各60个词 语，共120个试次。颜色是伪随机分配到情绪和中性试次 汇总。但是红绿相等。
主要内容
一
二 三 四
• 摘要
• 问题提出
• 材料方法 • 实验结果 • ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้论结论 • 述评启发
五 六
一、摘要
（一）研究目的：Recent evidence shows that emotion can facilitate the processing of conflict. This effect is subserved by a neural network including the ventral and dorsal portions of the anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala. However, the time course of emotional modulation of conflict processing is unknown。 最近的证据显示，情绪可以促进冲突的加工。这种 影响是通过包括腹侧和背侧ACC部分和杏仁核的神经网络 来促进。然而，情绪调节冲突加工的时间进程还是未知的。
（二）研究方法：Therefore, we presented emotional and neutral words in a version of the flanker task and recorded event-related brain potentials (ERP). 因此，我们通过flanker任务来呈现情绪和中性词，并 用ERP来记录脑电活动。
（四）研究结论：These data indicate an early influence of emotion on the processing of conflict. Such an adaptive mechanism ensures rapid resolution of conflict in potentially threatening situations. 这些数据表明，情绪对冲突加工的早期影响。这种 适应性机制确保我们再威胁情境中能够潜在迅速的解决冲 突。
（三）实验程序
Participants performed a color flanker task. The goal was to determine the print color of a target word presented at fixation (red or green) and to press a corresponding button (left or right). Response function was counterbalanced across participants. Two identical flanker words in either the same (congruent) or a different color (incongruent) were presented above and below the target word. 被试进行颜色flanker任务。目标就是对确定呈现在注视点 的目标词上的颜色（红或者绿），并按相应的反应键（左 或者右）。被试按键反应在被试间进行平衡。两个相同的 flanker词相同或者不同颜色呈现在目标词的上面或者下面。