翻译(带原文)——物流专业英语

0811010213 张劭君P51_P55

Service response logistics activities

物流活动——服务与响应

Service response logistics has three primary activities: waiting time, capacity, and delivery (see Figure 4.1). Waiting time refers to the management of the time a customer must wait before the service is consumed or rendered. Capacity is the management, scheduling, and staffing of people and equipment to meet a predetermined level of customer service that is consistent with preestablished cost trade-offs. Scheduling too little capacity may lead to lost sales, while scheduling too much may enhance customer service levels but unprofitable increase operations costs. The third service response logistics activity is delivery. It is defined as choosing the distribution channels to deliver the service to the customer.

物流的服务与响应有三个首要的活动：等待时间，能力（容积）和送货（见表4.1）。等待时间指的是消费者在所需的服务被消耗和满足之前必须等待的时间的管理。能力是行程安排、安置职工和满足为客户提供服务的预定水平的管理与预算之间的权衡。行程安排的过少可能导致销售额流失，而行程安排的过多可能提高客户服务水平但是却对提高管理费用没有作用。第三个物流的服务与响应活动是送货。它是选择物流配送渠道为消费者交付产品或服务。

The three service response logistics activities must operate together to meet customer service requirements. If they do not operate as a system, they do not yield the full benefits. Also, service response logistics must coordinate with the rest of logistics. Almost all products have service attached to them, and many services have attached products. That is why the model in Figure 4.1 shows traditional logistics activities and service response activities as a coordinated system.

为了满足客户服务需求，三个物流的服务与响应的活动必须同时运行。如果他们不能系统的运行，就不能给物流带来很好的收益。同时，物流的服务与响应必须与其他的物流活动相协调。几乎所有的产品都有附加的服务，而且很多的服务也都有其附属的产品。这就是为什么在表4.1的模型中显示出传统的物流活动和服务与响应活动是一个协调的体系。

Evolution of the integrated logistics concept

集成物流概念的演变

To those not involved in integrated logistics, it appeared from out of the blue. This is far from the truth!Integrated logistics has been around throughout human history. The great explorers like Alexander the Great, Columbus, and Magellan applied logistics concepts to expand territories and find shorter trade routes. The term “logistics”as used today originated in the military during World War Ⅱ. Military logistics focused on the strategic movement of military personnel and supplies. When military logisticians returned from the war, they began to apply what they had learned to the

problems of business logistics.

那些没有牵涉到集成物流的*出乎意料的出现。这偏离了事实！集成物流已经贯穿了人类历史。像亚历山大大帝、哥伦布和麦哲伦一样伟大的探险者应用物流概念去扩大版图和寻找更短的商贸途径。我们现在习惯称之为的“物流”起源于二战期间的军队中。军用物流的重点在于军用人力和物力的战略转移。当军事物流从战争中回来以后，他们开始把他们所学到的知识应用于商业物流中。

In the early 1960s, Peter Drucker brought the concept to the forefront. In an article entitled“The Economy’s Dark Continent,”Drucker said that:“We know little more today about distribution than Napoleon’s contemporaries knew about the interior of Africa. We know it is there, and we know it is big, and that’s about all.”

20世纪60年代早期，彼得德鲁克使物流的概念成为社会的主流。在一本题目为《经济的黑暗大陆》的文章中彼得德鲁克说：“在非洲大陆上，我们对今天的物流配送的了解比拿破仑那个时代了解的更多。我们知道他在那，我们知道他很大，而且那差不多是全部。”

In that same article, Drucker also pointed out that distribution was a last frontier for top management to find strategic efficiencies. Then, distribution referred to many of the activities included in today’s concept of integrated logistics.

在这篇文章中，德鲁克也指出物流配送是一个对高层管理寻找战略效率来说唯一剩下的尚待开发的领域。然后，物流配送被包括当代的集成物流的概念和许多活动所涉及。

Many variables affected the evolution and growth of integrated logistics. The first was the growth of consumer awareness and the marketing concept of the 1960s Product lines expanded to meet the rising demand for more selections. This product line expansion put great pressure on distribution channels to move more products and keep costs down, especially in transportation and inventory.

许多变量的影响着集成物流的演变和发展。第一个就是客户意识的发展和20世纪六十年为了满足增加更多选择的需求而带来的产品种类扩张的市场营销观念。这种产品种类的扩张要运送更多的产品和保持低成本，给分销渠道带来很大的压力，特别是在运输和库存方面。

A second factor was the introduction of the computer. Computer experts and integrated logistics managers quickly found a multitude of computer applications for logistics. These applications offered still greater efficiency in transportation routing and scheduling, inventory control, warehouse layout and design, and every aspect of integrated logistics. In fact, computers allowed integrated logistics managers to model integrated logistics systems and then analyze the effects of proposed changes; this application greatly advanced the system’s approach.

第二个因素就是计算机的引进。计算机专家和集成物流的管理者很快的建立了大量的有关物流的计算机应用程序。这些应用程序在运输送货、行程安排、库存控制、仓库布局和设计、和集成物流的每一个方面带来了巨大的效率。实际上，计算机容许集成物流管理者建立集成物流系统，并且分析提出变动的影响。这种应用程序使系统方法大大的超前。

The third variable leading to the growth of integrated logistics was the worldwide economy in the 1970s and 1980s.Global recessions and rising interest rates caused many firms to refocus attention on reducing costs, especially in transportation