Unit15 Chinese Literature(中国文化)

Opera of the Yuan dynasty
After long years of development that the chinese local opera, Yuan zaju,came into being during the Yuan dynasty.It form of music, singing, dancing, performing and speaking.The rise of Yuan zaju made the Yuan dynasty the golden age of Chinese opera.and Guan Hanqing was the greatest and most prolific playwright of the Yuan dynasty.
LiBai and DuFu are regarded as the twin masters of the Tang poetry.Widely praised as the "Immortal of Poems",LiBai abounded with passion and talent.DuFu is revered as "Sage of the Poems"by the posterity.
The Ballad of Mulan
Poetry of the Tang dynasty
Chinese poetic tradition reached its peak during the Tang dynaety.In the number of poems and variety of poetic forms,the beauty of imagery and broadness of themes,the Tang poetry surpassed all that had preceded it.
Four-character verses
They are original in wording, harmonious in rhythm, concise in style, and pleasant to read.
Chu Ci （楚辞）
• Chu Ci was named after a new form of poetry that sprouted and blossomed in the area of Chu during the Warring States period. As a new literary style, chu ci abandoned the classic four-character verses used in poems of Shi Jing and adopted verses with varying lengths. This gave it more rhythm and latitude in expression.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Outlaws of the Marsh
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Journey to the west
A Dream of Red Mansions
Unit 15 Chinese Literature
The Book of Songs（诗经）
The Book of Songs is the earliest anthology of Chinese poetry. It’s contains those poems (305 poems) created during the early Western Zhou dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. It's also called Poems or Three Hundred Poems.
Achievement of Yuefu in Han dynasty
• Yufu of Han Dynasty is a great effort in the History of Chinese Poetry. It inherited the realism traditions of Shi Jing (The Book of Odes). Folk Songs in Musical Department in Han Dynasty created all kinds of characters to mirror every part in the society at that time vividly and visually. • The poets in Tang Dynasty wrote a series of new poems in great variety and profoundness with the old titles of Yuefu of Han Dynasty. Many famous poets (Li Bai and Baiju Yi) participated in the creation. Different from poems with five characters per line or the sevencharacter per line poems, the pattern of Yuefu is quite free though the topics are fixed.
Folk Songs of Northern and Southern Dynasties
Yuefu folk songs’ development reached the highest level of achievement in the Southern and Northern dynasties. In the Southern dynasty,the poems were mainly lyrical or love songs,the style being fresh,graceful and restrained. In the Northern dynaety,the poams reflected,In various aspects,The life of the nomadic people.
In the Mid-Tang period
Many poets produced numerous excellent poem which forcefully exposed the social vices of their time.
In the late Tang
Some of them expressed their delicate sentiments through delicate techniques and wrote some good poems.
In the early Tang
Poetry was marked by a demand for the return to classical simplicity and clarity.Eminent poets are WangBo,YangJiong.
In the high Tang period
Ci of the Song dynasty
Ci is a new form of poetry,which was performed with music.In the Song dynasty,it came into full flower and grew into the most distinguished poetic form.The Ci poetry was originally a song text set to existing musical tunes which were called tune patterms The Ci poetry is characterized often by lines of unequal length,in sharp contrast to the regulated verse in strictly fivecharacter or senven-character lines.
Yuefu （乐府诗）
• The word Yuefu (乐府) came first into being in Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC). Yue(乐) means music, Fu（府）means bureau, put together Yuefu means music bureau. It laid its foundation in the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), and became a royal government music management for collecting, writing or performing folk songs and ballads in 112 BC. After then people called poems which were composed in this folk song style Yuefu. • The lines are of uneven length, though five characters is the most common.
Fiction in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
• In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the novels • flourished and formed a mighty current in literature.During these time there are four repersentative works.Do you know what are they ?