翻译中英汉句子对比
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• 句法Fra Baidu bibliotek理解与翻译
• Syntactic understanding and translation
1. 英汉句子语言特征对比
Comparisons between English and Chinese syntactic Features
1.1
英语重形合，汉语重意合
英语重形合是指英语语言符号之间有 较强的逻辑关系: connectives; prepositions; relatives 汉语重意合是指汉语句子主要通过字 词的意义连结起来: punctuations。
1.3英语语序变换多，汉语语序较固定
英语为了获得句子形式上的平衡或修辞上 的强调效果，经常将句中的某些成分的位置进 行调整， 如主谓倒装、宾语后置、或与其它成分的 位置调换等，以产生修辞上的生动效果。 这种句子成分的位置调换在汉语中较少见。
例：The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1 300 passengers to their deaths, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.
例：Accomplishment is often deceptive because we don’t see the pain and perseverance that produced it. So we may credit the achiever with brains, brawn or lucky break and let ourselves off the hook because we fall short in all three.
例：Harvard Business School opened in the early 20th century, and pioneered the case-study method of teaching—making use of real-world scenarios, instead of relying on academic theory—a methodology that has remained the bases for many MBA programmes around the world today. 【译文】哈佛商学院成立于20世纪初，它开了个案研 究教学法之先河，即在教学中运用现实生活中的案例， 而不是单纯依靠学术理论，这种方法业已成为当今世 界MBA课程的基础。
【译文】白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女 航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1 300多名乘客遇难。 此后关于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗 歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。
1.4 英语多被动，汉语常用主动
英语重物称，常采用无生命词汇作 主语，所以多被动句，并且不指出动作 的执行者； 汉语重人称，习惯用表示人或物的 词汇作主语，大都以主动句的形式出现。
Vanity Fair)
【译文】他那熟悉的笑容有一股不可抵抗的魔力， 多少天来牵肠挂肚、淌眼抹泪，心里疑疑惑惑，晚 上胡思乱想睡不着，一看见他，顷刻之间就把一切 忧虑忘得精光。（杨必译）
1. I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.
【译文】成就常常使人产生错觉，使人只看到功成名 就，却看不到成就的来之不易，和为之所付出 的艰辛困苦，总以为成功者之所以成功是因为 人家身体棒、脑子灵、运气好，从而为自己找 借口开脱，说自己没有获得成功是因为自己不 具备上述这三条。
1.2英语爱化零为整，汉语喜化整为零
英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人则 化整为零。 说明英汉两种语言写作在篇章结构方面和 句子互译方面的差异。
3. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries. 4. Culture to him, as to the Orientals, with whom he lived so much and sympathized so deeply, was an affair of the spirit and of mind not to be measured by material progress, or, even by the arts.
2. I sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavor to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years.
例：The little cares, fears, tears, timid misgivings, sleepless fancies of I don’t know how many days and nights, were forgotten, under one moment’s influence of that familiar, irresistible smile. (Thackeray:
• Syntactic understanding and translation
1. 英汉句子语言特征对比
Comparisons between English and Chinese syntactic Features
1.1
英语重形合，汉语重意合
英语重形合是指英语语言符号之间有 较强的逻辑关系: connectives; prepositions; relatives 汉语重意合是指汉语句子主要通过字 词的意义连结起来: punctuations。
1.3英语语序变换多，汉语语序较固定
英语为了获得句子形式上的平衡或修辞上 的强调效果，经常将句中的某些成分的位置进 行调整， 如主谓倒装、宾语后置、或与其它成分的 位置调换等，以产生修辞上的生动效果。 这种句子成分的位置调换在汉语中较少见。
例：The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1 300 passengers to their deaths, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.
例：Accomplishment is often deceptive because we don’t see the pain and perseverance that produced it. So we may credit the achiever with brains, brawn or lucky break and let ourselves off the hook because we fall short in all three.
例：Harvard Business School opened in the early 20th century, and pioneered the case-study method of teaching—making use of real-world scenarios, instead of relying on academic theory—a methodology that has remained the bases for many MBA programmes around the world today. 【译文】哈佛商学院成立于20世纪初，它开了个案研 究教学法之先河，即在教学中运用现实生活中的案例， 而不是单纯依靠学术理论，这种方法业已成为当今世 界MBA课程的基础。
【译文】白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女 航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1 300多名乘客遇难。 此后关于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗 歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。
1.4 英语多被动，汉语常用主动
英语重物称，常采用无生命词汇作 主语，所以多被动句，并且不指出动作 的执行者； 汉语重人称，习惯用表示人或物的 词汇作主语，大都以主动句的形式出现。
Vanity Fair)
【译文】他那熟悉的笑容有一股不可抵抗的魔力， 多少天来牵肠挂肚、淌眼抹泪，心里疑疑惑惑，晚 上胡思乱想睡不着，一看见他，顷刻之间就把一切 忧虑忘得精光。（杨必译）
1. I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.
【译文】成就常常使人产生错觉，使人只看到功成名 就，却看不到成就的来之不易，和为之所付出 的艰辛困苦，总以为成功者之所以成功是因为 人家身体棒、脑子灵、运气好，从而为自己找 借口开脱，说自己没有获得成功是因为自己不 具备上述这三条。
1.2英语爱化零为整，汉语喜化整为零
英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人则 化整为零。 说明英汉两种语言写作在篇章结构方面和 句子互译方面的差异。
3. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries. 4. Culture to him, as to the Orientals, with whom he lived so much and sympathized so deeply, was an affair of the spirit and of mind not to be measured by material progress, or, even by the arts.
2. I sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavor to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years.
例：The little cares, fears, tears, timid misgivings, sleepless fancies of I don’t know how many days and nights, were forgotten, under one moment’s influence of that familiar, irresistible smile. (Thackeray: