雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析(15)
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一 1New evidence has linked a monly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours，including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences，including sleepwalking，amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders，they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem，sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox，is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug，made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis，were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the re port.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency，meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries，including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case，a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after takingzolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain e less active during deep sleep，the body can still move，making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects，including hallucinations，sleepwalking and nightmares，are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug panies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection，a US networkthat advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that e out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sle ep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects，points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School，director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence，Rhode Island，US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications，zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food Drug Administration says it is continuing to “actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possi ble rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann，adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zo lpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the otherside of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares，hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem waswell established?A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects? Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning：Zolpidem，sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox，is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking z olpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”。
雅思模拟测试题1答案
雅思模拟测试题1答案听力部分答案：Section 11. B) 12th March2. C) 2:30 pm3. A) library4. B) book a meeting room5. A) bring a laptop6. C) 10 people7. B) free of charge8. A) ask for a receipt9. C) check the equipment10. B) contact the staffSection 211. A) 9:00 am12. C) 3:00 pm13. B) 5:00 pm14. A) 7:30 pm15. C) 9:00 pm16. B) 10:00 pm17. A) 11:00 pm18. C) midnight19. B) 1:00 am20. A) 2:00 amSection 321. C) both are interested in the topic22. A) the professor's expertise23. B) the student's project24. A) the professor's office25. B) the student's dorm26. A) the professor's suggestion27. C) the student's notes28. B) the professor's book29. A) the student's questions30. C) the professor's experienceSection 431. A) the history of the building32. C) the materials used33. B) the architect's name34. A) the building's purpose35. C) the construction date36. B) the building's style37. A) the building's current use38. C) the building's restoration39. B) the building's interior design40. A) the building's exterior features 阅读部分答案：Passage 141. TRUE42. FALSE43. TRUE44. NOT GIVEN45. TRUE46. B) the benefits of the program47. A) the program's history48. D) the program's goals49. C) the program's participants50. A) the program's impactPassage 251. FALSE52. TRUE53. NOT GIVEN54. FALSE55. TRUE56. D) the importance of the subject57. B) the author's perspective58. A) the subject's complexity59. C) the subject's relevance60. E) the subject's futurePassage 361. TRUE62. FALSE63. NOT GIVEN64. TRUE65. TRUE66. A) the challenges faced67. B) the solutions proposed68. C) the research conducted69. D) the results achieved70. E) the implications discussed写作部分答案：Task 1- 描述图表中的趋势和特点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 清晰地组织信息Task 2- 明确表达观点- 使用论据支持观点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 逻辑清晰地组织文章口语部分答案：Part 1- 介绍个人信息- 描述日常生活- 表达个人兴趣Part 2- 描述一个重要的事件或经历- 使用细节丰富叙述- 表达个人感受和看法Part 3- 讨论相关话题- 提供深入的观点和论据- 展示语言的灵活性和深度请注意，以上答案仅为模拟测试题的答案示例，实际雅思考试的答案可能会有所不同。
2022年湖南省湘西州吉首市雅思实验学校中考数学模拟试题及答案解析
2022年湖南省湘西州吉首市雅思实验学校中考数学模拟试卷一、选择题（本大题共10小题，共40.0分。
在每小题列出的选项中，选出符合题目的一项）1. 计算(−3)2的结果是( )A. −6B. 6C. −9D. 92. 某个几何体的三视图如图所示，该几何体是( )A.B.C.D.3. 某中学女子足球队15名队员的年龄情况如下表：年龄(岁)13141516队员(人)2364这支球队队员的年龄的众数和中位数分别是( )A. 14，15B. 14，14.5C. 15，15D. 15，144. 一元一次不等式组{x−1≤01+12x>0的解集在数轴上表示出来，正确的( )A.B.C.D.5. 一次函数y=12x+1的图象与y轴、x轴形成的三角形的面积为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 46. 下列命题是真命题的是( )A. 对角线互相平分的四边形是平行四边形B. 对角线相等的四边形是矩形C. 对角线互相垂直的四边形是菱形D. 对角线互相垂直的四边形是正方形7. 甲从商贩A处购买了若干斤西瓜，又从商贩B处购买了若干斤西瓜．A、B两处所购买的西瓜重量之比为3：2，然后将买回的西瓜以从A、B两处购买单价的平均数为单价全部卖给了乙，结果发现他赔钱了，这是因为( )A. 商贩A的单价大于商贩B的单价B. 商贩A的单价等于商贩B的单价C. 商版A的单价小于商贩B的单价D. 赔钱与商贩A、商贩B的单价无关8. 观察一组等式：21=2，22=4，23=8，24=16，26=32，27=64，……根据这个规律，则21+22+23+⋯+22021的末位数字是( )A. 0B. 2C. 4D. 69. 如图，菱形ABCD中，对角线AC、BD交于点O，E为边AD中点，菱形ABCD的周长为28，则OE的长等于( )A. 3.5B. 4C. 7D. 1410. 如图，点M是函数y=√3x与y=k的图象在第一象限内的交点，OM=4，则k的值为( )xA. 2√3B. 3√3C. 4√3D. 5√3二、填空题（本大题共8小题，共32.0分）11. 1的倒数是______．−202212. 分解因式：x2y−4y=．13. 如果式子√x+3在实数范围内有意义，那么x的取值范围是．14. 截止到2022年3月，我国60岁以上老龄人口达2.6亿，占总人口比重达18.7%.将2.6亿用科学记数法表示为______．15. 掷一枚质地均匀的正方体骰子，骰子的六个面上分别刻有1到6的点数，掷得面朝上的点数为偶数的概率是______．16. 如图，在△ABC中，E，F分别为AB，AC的中点，则△AEF与△ABC的面积之比为______．17. 如图所示，在3×3的方格纸中，每个小方格都是边长为1的正方形，点O，A，B均为格点，则扇形OAB的面积大小是．18. 对于实数m、n，定义运算“※”：m※n=mn(m+n).例如，4※2=4×2×(4+2)=48.若x1，x2是关于x的一元二次方程x2−5x+4=0的两个实数根，则x1※x2=______．三、计算题（本大题共1小题，共6.0分）19. 计算：2sin30°−(π−√2)0+|√3−1|+(12)−1四、解答题（本大题共7小题，共72.0分。
雅思(听力)模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（听力）模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ModuleListening Module (30 minutes & 10 minutes transfer time)听力原文：A: Hello. How may I help you?S: Hello. My name is Martina Bila. I made an appointment to see you at 10 o’clock. I’m a little early. Is that OK?A: No problem. We’re not very busy at the moment. You said on the phone that you weren’t happy with your accommodation and were thinking of changing.S: That’s right.A: May I ask what the problem is exactly?S: To be honest, there’s more than one problem. The main problem is that the accommodation is further than I imagined from the university.A: I see. And the other problem or problems?S: The other problem is that the landlady is quite a heavy smoker. I’m a non-smoker, and I’m afraid that I find it quite unpleasant.A: I’m sorry about that. Weren’t you given the option of accommodation With smokers or non-smokers?S: I’m afraid that’s really my fault. I don’t mind light smokers, but I didn’t get my accommodation organised very much in advance, so most of the accommodation had gone by the time I applied. However, a friend told me that there is sometimes accommodation ... er ... you know ... er ... accommodation becomes available mid-term because some people leave the university or change their place ... er ... the place where they live, so I thought maybe ...A: I see. Yes, it is important to arrange accommodation well in advance, though it isn’t always possible. However, your friend was correct. We do get some accommodation available mid-term. Just give me a minute to find your details on the computer....S: Yes, of course.A: Now, your current address is 43 Parkway Drive, isn’t it?S: Yes.A: Yes, that’s a fair way away. The bus connection isn’t too good either, is it?I think that it would be better to focus on that as the reason for moving, rather than the smoking issue. However, I will change the information in the computer to say that this accommodation is only suitable for smokers or people who don’t mind heavy smokers. That way we can avoid similar problems in the lucre.S: That sounds like a good idea.A: Now, the good news is that there is plenty of accommodation available nearer the university. The bad news is that it is more expensive.S: That’s OK. I expected that. Is there any catered or self-catering university accommodation available? That would be ideal.A: I thought you might be interested in that. The day after you phoned, a place became available. It’s catered, so it’s the most expensive type of accommodation, but it’s yours if you want it.S: There’s no self-catering accommodation available?A: Not at the moment. Something could become available at any time, but, then again, you might have to wait weeks.S: I understand. Can I just check the cost?A: It’s ￡37.50 per week. You also have to pay ￡23.15 during the Christmas and Easter holidays, regardless of whether you are there or not. That sum doesn’t include meals during those periods.S: But summer holidays are not included?A: That’s right. Students are permitted to stay in university accommodation during holidays but they usually have to move to a different flat.S: I see. And do I paymonthly? A: Yes, but don’t worry if you’re a few days late. It happens quite often and we don’t mind too much.S: Can I see a picture of the accommodation? A: Sure .... It looks like this. You can see that there is a single bedroom for each student and a common living room and bathroom. There are no cooking facilities, but many students buy a microwave.S: Can you tell me anything about the people I’d be living with?A: There are two girls there. One is British and one is Indian. They are studying law and marketing respectively. They’re the same age as you, 20. And they’re not smokers!S: That sounds perfect. If I don’t give my landlady a month’s notice, she gets to keep the deposit, doesn’t she?A: That’s normally stated in the rental agreement, yes. I’d like to be able to keep this university accommodation available, but I’m afraid I can’t. If someone else wants it and takes it ...S: I understand. I’ll take it. Can I move in on the first day of next month?A: What day is it today? 22nd. Yes. That should be fine. Give me a minute to print out the standard rental agreement ...SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-4Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS for each.1．Martina Bila’s appointment with the accommodation officer is at ______.正确答案：ten/10 o’clock2．Martina’s current accommodation is ______ from the university than she expected.正确答案：further3．The landlady is a ______.正确答案：heavy smoker4．The ______ to the university isn’t good.正确答案：bus connectionQuestions 5-7Choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.5．Martina is looking for ______.A．catered accommodation.B．self-catering accommodation.C．a place with a landlady.D．catered or self-catered university accommodation.正确答案：D6．The accommodation officer received details of some accommodation ______.A．the day before Martina made the appointment.B．the day Martina made the appointment.C．the day after Martina made the appointment.D．the day before he met Martina.正确答案：C7．When does the accommodation officer think other accommodation will be available?A．In the next few days.B．In the next few weeks.C．Not for along while.D．He doesn’t know.正确答案：DQuestions 8-10Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS for each.8．How much do students pay for catered accommodation during term time?正确答案：￡37.509．What nationality are Martina’s new flatmates?正确答案：British (and) Indian10．What will Martina lose?正确答案：(her) deposit听力原文：Presenter: Welcome everybody. Are you all sitting comfortably? My name is David Price and this is our first meeting in a series of presentations called “Countdown to Departure”. I know that you have just arrived here for your year-long course prior to going abroad, but it is certainly worth taking the time to consider ... to think about events that will take place a year, or almost a year, from now. I have handed out this useful guide to planning your time abroad. Please follow the suggested timetable closely. It is vital that you get each thing done on time. If you can get things done earlier than we suggest in the guide, that’s great, but certainly don’t leave them later than we recommend. If you do not get these things done on time, it could jeopardise your study abroad or at least delay it by a year. Now, we are currently one year from departure, so you should start applying for post-graduate programmes and scholarships immediately--if you haven’t already. Consult your tutors for further advice on these points. You should also calculate a rough estimate of your study and living expenses and consider how to pay for them. We’ll be looking at that in more detail during the next meeting. You should start arrangingaccommodation abroad as soon as you have accepted a place on a course. Arranging accommodation can be a rather bureaucratic procedure and can take a while. At the same time, ask the university about your options for paying your fees. The next point on your timetable is six months before you leave. At that point; you need to check your passport and, if you are going to need a new one, deal with that immediately. Remember that your passport might need to be valid for the whole of the period you intend to be abroad, but that you can often renew your passport at your embassy in the country where you are studying. In any ease, your passport needs to be valid for at least six months after you enter the country where you intend to study. It might seem unnecessary to get your passport in order so early before you go, but remember that you have to get your visa as well. You should do that around six months before leaving too. Bear in mind one final, simple, point. Make sure that your passport has a few empty pages left for visas and stamps. Two or three months before departure, you should ask your bank about the options for transferring money to the country you’ll be studying in and setting up a bank account there. You should also start looking at booking your flight to the country you’ll be studying in, in order to get the best rates. The cost of flights varies considerably from carrier to carrier, and even between different travel agencies, and depend a lot upon the time of year you are flying. Booking in advance can save you a considerable sum of money. When you book your flight, you should check with the airline or travel agent to find out what your baggage allowance is. At the same time look into booking your other travel within the country you’re going to from the airport where you will arrive. Don’t forget to buy travel insurance when you book any flights. Finally, still two or three months before departure, make sure that you have an unconditional letter of acceptance from the university you’re going to attend. This is vital as it facilitates entry clearance if into the country. Next, about one month before leaving, find out whether you will be entitled to receive free health treatment in the country you are going to and find out how much you will have to pay if not. Look into arranging health insurance if necessary. Also buy currency and travellers’ cheques to cover your first few weeks in the country. Watch the exchange rates and pick a good time, but do not leave it too late. If you are buying travellers’cheques or a large amount of money or currency, your bank may need a while to arrange this. Another thing to do is to find out what you can take into the country and what items are prohibited. Finally, find out whether your home insurance-policy will cover your belongings while they are abroad. If not, arrange suitable insurance or look into the possibility of arranging a policy in the foreign country. The last point on this timetable is two weeks before you leave. At this time, you need to do two things. One is to ask your doctor to write a letter explaining any prescription medicines--what they are and why you are taking them. The second is to request a reference letter from your bank in your own country as this will help you to open a bank account abroad. Now, let’s take a closer look at ...SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-12Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.11．What is the title of the series of presentations that David Price will make?正确答案：Countdown to Departure12．What item has David Price given each student?正确答案：(a) guideQuestions 13-14Decide which TWO things David Price recommends doing 1 year before going abroad. You may write your answers in any order. Choose from the following list:[A] apply for scholarships[B] consult tutor about current course[C] make a precise budget for your studies abroad[D] think about how you will pay your fees[E] book accommodation[F] pay your fees to the foreign university 13．【13】______正确答案：A14．【14】______正确答案：DQuestions 15-16Decide which TWO things David Price recommends doing 6 months before going abroad. You may write your answers in any order. Choose from the following list:[A] get a new passport[B] revalidate your passport[C] ensure your passport is valid for at least six months[D] get a visa for the country you are going to[E] ensure your passport is full[F] make sure your passport has some empty pages 15．【15】______正确答案：D16．【16】______正确答案：FQuestions 17-18Decide which TWO things David Price recommends doing 2 or 3 months before going abroad. You may write your answers in any order. Choose from the following list:[A] transfer money abroad[B] get a plane ticket if costs are reasonable or low[C] check how much luggage you can take[D] check if flights arrive on time[E] book accommodation[F] make sure you have a conditional university offer 17．【17】______正确答案：B18．【18】______正确答案：CQuestions 19-20Complete the following summary of what students should do about health issues using NO MORE THAN’THREE WORDS for each answerOne month before leaving, find out if you can get 【19】______ where you are going to. Two weeks before you leave, ask your doctor to 【20】______ giving reasons for any medicines you are taking with you.19．【19】正确答案：free health treatment20．【20】正确答案：write a letter听力原文：Professor: Hello, Dinesh. Come in. You said on the phone that you had a few problems to discuss with me. Tell me what they are and I’ll see what I can do to help.Dinesh: Thank you very much, professor. I’ve been having some problems adapting to the style of learning at a British university and was hoping you could give me some advice.Professor: I’ll do my best. You won’t be the first overseas student to have problems. What’s your first problem?Dinesh: Well, my first problem is organising my time. I mean, after I worked out my timetable for lectures, seminars and tutorials, I was surprised to find that I had quite a lot of free time. However, that’s how it looked on paper and not as it has turned out in reality.Professor: I see. Take control of this time and organise it carefully. Time that is not organised can disappear very quickly, leaving you rushing to catch up on your work or even running out of time altogether. Learn the essentials of time management. First, make weekly or monthly plans that set out your study targets for the week or month ahead. Schedule time for reading, and work out roughly how much you want to read in each session. Plan time to research and write your essays or prepare projects, so that you do not have to stay up late doing them at the last minute. Have you made such a plan?Dinesh: No, I haven’t. That’s obviously something I should do. I can easily fill that free time with extra studies.Professor: No, no. That’s not what I mean. Don’t plan to spend all your extra time studying. Remember to leave some time free for hobbies, sports, seeing friends or simply relaxing. If you do not take time to enjoy yourself, your work will suffer and you will miss out on many other worthwhile experiences. Make a timetable for your free time, if you like. Plan when to see your friends, play your favourite sport, or just hang out. Don’t forget to revise your plans if you need to. As you progress through your course, you will get a better idea of how much time you need for different activities. Adjust your schedules and keep them realistic.Dinesh: So, you’re saying that I need to keep a balance between work and play and keep an eye on things to make sure that I’m not doing too much or too little.Professor: That’s right. Feel free to show me your plan when you’ve made one.Dinesh: Thank you. My next problem is coping with my course. Living abroad in a new environment makes studying more challenging than usual. I’m worried about my progress and about howI will cope with examinations.Professor: These concerns are natural, but do not let them overwhelm you. Here are two simple ways you can stay in control of your studies. First, ask for regular meetings with your tutor--in your case, that’s me--to review your progress and discuss any problems. You’re doing that now, so you’ve taken the first step. Let me know if you are having any language difficulties, though in your case that seems doubtful. As you are probably aware, there is a language centre here where all students can use language-learning materials, but it’s probably not of much use to you. Second, why not try to form a mutual support group with other international students to discuss common challenges and to share useful ideas? This can be particularly helpful if you find the teaching methods very different from those you have experienced before. Another type of support group could, be other students in your subject area--get together with students on similar courses to discuss the issues, swap ideas and give each other support.Dinesh: Yes. The second idea is particularly good. As you know, there are not so many overseas students on this course, but I know some other students from my country on other courses here. I think that I feel overwhelmed because I have set myself unrealistic goals. Just talking to you has made me realise that I need to take a more realistic approach and put my problems into perspective.Professor: Just remember that whatever concerns you may have--about new learning methods, managing your time, or handling your workload--there is someone here who can help. I’m happy to be that person. All you have to do is ask. Hopefully, I can offer you a practical solution.Dinesh: Thank you very much. There is one other thing. When we had the orientation, the International Student Advisor mentioned a book that’s available from the campus bookshop. It’s not specifically for overseas students, but she said it was useful. I didn’t write it down. You wouldn’t happen to know the book I mean, would you?Professor: I know it. I recommend it. It’s called Learn How to Learn, by David Warner. I’m popping over to the bookshop myself now. Perhaps we could go together?SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-23Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.21．What was the student surprised to discover he had a lot of?正确答案：flee time22．What does the student need to learn the fundamentals of?正确答案：time management23．On what basis should the student prepare his schedules?正确答案：weekly or monthlyQuestions 24-26Complete the following notes using only ONE word for each gap.Professor’s suggestions:——make a plan for your studies——make a plan for your free time——【24】______ plans if necessary——see how much timeyou need for’ activities as you 【25】______ with your studies——keep schedules balanced and 【26】______.24．【24】正确答案：revise25．【25】正确答案：progress26．【26】正确答案：realisticQuestions 27-30Choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.27．The professor points out that the university language centre ______.A．would certainly be useful for the student.B．is likely to be useful for the student.C．is available for students.D．has a wide range of materials.正确答案：C28．The professor suggests that the student ______.A．join the support group for students on his course.B．join the support group for students from his country.C．identify problems that people from his country have in Britain.D．create a support group.正确答案：D29．The student says that ______.A．he doesn’t know anyone on his course.B．he doesn’t know the overseas students on his course.C．there are no people from his country on his course.D．there are few overseas students on his course.正确答案：D30．The International Student Advisor recommended a book ______.A．but didn’t say the title clearly.B．but couldn’t remember the title.C．for all students.D．for overseas students.正确答案：C听力原文：Lecturer: Part of the role of university education is to prepare students for their professional life and career. Part of this preparation is to introduce and train students in life long learning--preparing them to approach their career as a continuous learning experience, rather than assuming that the end of their university education represents an end goal beyond which there is no need for further learning. Therefore students are encouraged to develop as independent learners. An independent learner is one who takes responsibility for his or her own learning and is not always dependent on teacher being available to guide and correct. Such a student sets their own learning goals, makes their own decisions as to when and how to study for these goals, and also evaluates their own progress and develops further goals. This is not always easy for students, particularly those whose secondary education has been very teacher focussed, with teaching conducted mainly in lecture format and with little opportunity for the students to take any control of the learning process. At university, while much teaching is conducted via lectures, students are expected to become increasingly independent in their learning. Departments approach this issue in a number of ways. For example, they might provide personal mentors. This could be a student or a member of staff who is available to discuss problems that the student might have and who will support the student in the process of becoming an independent learner. The second one requires the student to’make certain choices about their course, either in the elements they choose to learn or in the way in which they choose to learn them. Thirdly, there is the provision of learning opportunities outside the confines of the campus, including study trips and student exchanges. In the English Language Centre, we try to help the development of learner independence. This English Language Centre is a self-access one. A self-access centre is a place where learners come voluntarily to improve the subject that they are studying. In the case of the English Language Centre we focus on English language. In a self-access centre it is the student who decides what to study, when to study, how long to study, what materials to use, how to use the materials, and how to assess effectiveness. The learner is not, however, left totally alone. Learners are encouraged to come to the centre in groups, so that they can help each other in the learning process and there is also always an English teacher available to answer any questions that students might have, to discuss their progress, and to help the learner assess their work. Let’s take an example. Mary and her friend Jim have decided they need to improve their report writing skills. They decide to go to the ELC twice in the next week, for two hours each time, from five o’clock to seven o’clock. The first thing they do is to talk to the English teacher there, to help them identify what particular elements of writing a report they find especially difficult. Having done this, they identify suitable books, videos, or computer programs from the index, With help from the teacher if needed. Looking at the materials, they decide which to use first, and how to best to use it. Working through the materials, they discuss problems with each other, compare notes and evaluate each other’s work and progress. This process ofworking together is important, as the students are able to support each other in the learning process. Of course, sometimes they need more help and so they ask the English teacher at the centre. When they have finished their studies, they review what they have studied, with help from their notes, and evaluate the extent to which they have, or have not, achieved their initial aim. In the light of this, they will decide to either do more work on the same topic, or move to another topic, either related to this one or something completely different. There are many ways students can improve their English independently of a teacher. Firstly, they can use English language videos in conjunction with learning activities such as exercises to practise particular listening skills, questions to lead discussion on the topic introduced by the video. They can do follow-up tasks that use the content of the video to focus on other language skills, such as learning vocabulary or understanding the grammar used by the characters in the video. Secondly, they can use a computer programme to improve their pronunciation, by identifying, and then practising, the individual sounds used in English. Thirdly, they can use a book to find a model business letter, for example, writing one of the same type, but with different information, and then discussing it with the ELC teacher before finally re-writing it. Finally, they can use newspapers or magazines as stimuli for discussion activities with a brief report written at the end, summarising the discussion. However, the development of an independent learner is not dependent on a centre like the ELC. Within the university, as well as within individual departments, the library, the Student Affairs Office and the Student Union all provide a range of opportunities for the student to develop as an independent learner. Outside the campus the opportunities are both physical and virtual. The physical ones include libraries, museums and other centres, as well as various special interest groups. In the virtual world of the Internet the opportunities are both global and vast. To conclude, in a world in which change is central to our continued survival, the professional must have the adaptability and flexibility of a life long learner. A life long learner must be an independent learner, able to take responsibility for all stages of the learning process. It is the student’s responsibility to take advantage of the various opportunities on offer.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31-34Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.31．Students whose previous educational experience was ______ often find it hard to become independent learners.正确答案：teacher focussed32．A student or staff member might become a ______ to a student working independently.正确答案：(personal) mentor33．Study trips provide opportunities for independent students to learn off ______.正确答案：(the) campus34．The ELC is used by students on a ______ basis.正确答案：self-accessQuestions 35-37Complete the notes concerning the example of Mary and Jim using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.——talk to the English tutor at the ELC——【35】______ materials——decide which materials to use first and how——discuss problems, 【36】______ and evaluate each other——review using notes——decide if 【37】______ has been achieved——continue with topic or move to another35．【35】正确答案：identify suitable36．【36】正确答案：compare notes37．【37】正确答案：initial aimQuestion 38Decide which of the following can be used by independent learners. Write all the correct letters in any order.[A] tapes[B] computer programmes[C] letters[D] discussions with native speakers[E] newspapers and magazines 38．【38】______正确答案：BCEQuestions 39-40Decide which of the following places independent learners can learn at. Write both the correct letters in either order.[A] libraries[B] the International Student Affairs Office[C] museums[D] shops[E] cafes39．【39】______正确答案：A40．【40】______正确答案：C。
雅思考试模拟试题(含答案)
ITELS Test4CompletionComplete each sentence or statement.INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the sentences with one word for each blank.1. A ____________________ is a period of time which covers ten years, such as the 1930s or 1950s.2. Teachers give lessons to pupils in schools, but at colleges students are given lectures and tutorials by college____________________.3. ____________________ went all over North America to seek and gather examples of popular folk music;they were looking for the true music of the people.4. A ____________________ is a single part of a collection or set of reference books in which poems, folkmusic or stories are brought together.5. Written material such as stories, poems or songs which have been collected together but not printed in a bookor made widely available to the public are known as ____________________ collections.6. Another three-word hyphenated phrase for 'state-of-the art' is____________________-____________________-____________________.7. Someone who gives advice to an organisation for no payment, or a very small token sum, is called an____________________ consultant.8. The serious shortage of trained musicians caused a ____________________ in the supply of violin playersfor the city orchestra, and only two could be found.9. If someone doesn't want to make money out of their research or their interests and they give their services toan organisation for nothing, they can be said to have a no ____________________ ____________________for their activities.10. In the United Kingdom, the head of a prison is a governor, but in the USA, a ____________________ is thehighest figure of authority.11. When I had chosen the books I wanted to borrow from the library, I gave them to the____________________ to check them out to me.12. The rebels were described as ____________________ because their ideas and activities were secret and theyintended to damage or destroy the established system of government.13. To survive in the wild, animals like lions have purely ____________________ reactions, and it is inevitablethat they will attack and kill weaker animals.14. If people are treated badly by the government in power, they are likely to behave in a____________________ way, by disobeying laws, becoming angry and trying to illegally overthrow theestablished order.15. Sometimes books like the Harry Potter stories ____________________ equally to both children andgrown-ups, and they are therefore difficult to classify as either children's literature or adult fiction.16. The female equivalent of the word 'hero' is ____________________.17. One of the tasks an ____________________ is responsible for, is checking a writer's work for errors before itis sent to a publisher.18. Many children's books deal with the ____________________ for treasure, where the characters set out todiscover valuable items such as diamonds or money.19. The publishers printed too many books and they had to sell the ____________________ production atreduced prices.20. The ____________________ is the chief character in a play or story, around whom the action takes place.21. ____________________ is the branch of knowledge dealing with scientific and industrial methods and theirpractical use in industry.22. Our ____________________ are the people who lived in past times and passed on their ideas and culture toour modern civilisations.23. A ____________________, for example a donkey, is a living thing produced from the parents of differentbreeds.24. In electronic circuits, the various components such as resistors, transistors or capacitors are not drawn exactlyas they are, but are represented by ____________________.25. A ____________________ is a set of beliefs, which could be religious or scientific, which people areexpected to accept without challenging it.26. The results of the experiment were uncertain and it is now ____________________ whether we shall receivefurther funding from the university to continue our research.27. An ____________________ is produced by artists when they use knives or chisels to cut their designs into ametal or wooden surface which is later inked and printed onto paper.28. Many travelling families who previously lived their lives in mobile caravans, moving from place to place, arenow building ____________________ camp sites to find a more settled way of life.29. The ____________________ is the bone structure which surrounds and protects our brains.30. ____________________ is the term used for trees which are taken from forests to provide wood for use in theconstruction of buildings.Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.INSTRUCTIONS: Read the sentence and decide which answer: a, b, or c, best matches the meaning of theunderlined words. Write your answer: a, b, or c, in the space provided.____ 31. Someone who is thought of highly could be an academic who is well-known by the public and respected nationally.a. has a good reputeb. enjoys a good reputationc. has a reputation____ 32. To undertake market research, researchers often conduct nationwide surveys to gather as much balanced and in-depth information as possible.a. research in local area onlyb. research in more than one countryc. research throughout their own country only____ 33. The professor's library research reinforced his belief that there was a serious shortage of certain types of folk song material.a. field workb. academic study workc. telephone enquiries____ 34. Great children's books may be described as great pieces of written works of art.a. literateb. literaturec. literal____ 35. The changing of the behaviour of two characters in The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett represents a paradigm.a. a very clear or typical exampleb. an exceptionc. something rare and valuable____ 36. Adult fiction usually deals with three themes: sex, money and death. But the first, sex, is absent from classic children's literature.a. always includedb. never includedc. sometimes included____ 37. Our ancestors began to adorn their bodies with beads, pendants and tattoos in the Stone Age.a. decorateb. hidec. camouflage____ 38. Humans have inhabited the African continent for millennia.a. hundreds of yearsb. thousands of yearsc. millions of years____ 39. Genetics does not tell the whole story of the shaping of the modern human brain.a. the study of ancient objectsb. the study of historyc. the development of living things through substances passed on through their cells____ 40. The huge collection of artefacts on loan to the museum required them to have a mathematical system to keepa tally of what was owned by whom.a. to keep a count ofb. to describec. to labelMatchingMatch the beginnings of sentences with the appropriate endings.a. The professor wanted to embark onb. Funds are sometimes given to researchers byc. Some critics say that books for children should be taken seriously becaused. In the world of childhood, as shown by childrens books,e. 40,000 years ago people decorated their bodies with designs and artefacts____ 41. such as tattoos and beads.____ 42. a pastoral convention is maintained.____ 43. a nationwide collecting project to gather information.____ 44. this kind of writing is sometimes subversive.____ 45. academic institutions such as libraries or learned societies.Essay46. Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.In some countries, mainly in the east, such as China and Japan, old people are still shown respect by youngpeople. Seats will still be given up on buses to older citizens or doors held open for them. Behaving this wayin public contributes to a stable and well-mannered, respectful society where old people are valued.However, in the west, such as in the United Kingdom and the USA, respect for the older generation isdeclining. It is, for example, unusual for grandparents to live in the same house as their children. Rather thanlook after elderly parents, many families choose to place them in old folks' homes, leaving their care to otherpeople. Old people are seen as a burden and a nuisance and have little value in a modern, materialistic society.Discuss both these views and give your opinion.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples andrelevant evidence.Write at least 250 words.47. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show how sending text messages by mobile phone affects the daily lives of young people.The text message has led to a social revolution in the way we communicate simple messages as well asinfluencing our emotional contact with each other. In October this year, 2004, Britain's 52 million mobilephone users sent 2.3 billion text messages.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.Write at least 150 words.The rapid growth in text messaging.Results of Mori PollTotal number of people with mobile phones = 687Other48. Read the topic card below carefully. You will have to talk about the topic for 1 to 2 minutes. You have oneminute to think about what you are going to say. You can make notes to help you if you wish.Describe the most beautiful place you have visited.You should say:where it was - the country or locationwhat it was likewho you went with and explain what impressed you most and why you remember it so well.ITELS Test4Answer SectionCOMPLETION1. ANS: decadeREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion2. ANS: professorsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion3. ANS: CollectorsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion4. ANS: volumeREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion5. ANS: unpublishedREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion6. ANS: up-to-dateREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion7. ANS: honoraryREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion8. ANS: dearthREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion9. ANS: profit motiveREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion10. ANS: wardenREF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Sentence completion11. ANS: librarianREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion12. ANS: subversiveREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion13. ANS: instinctiveREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion14. ANS: rebelliousREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion15. ANS: appealREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 16. ANS: heroineREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 17. ANS: editorREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 18. ANS:questsearchREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 19. ANS: surplusREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 20. ANS: protagonistREF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Sentence completion 21. ANS: TechnologyREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 22. ANS: ancestorsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 23. ANS: hybridREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 24. ANS: symbolsREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 25. ANS: dogmaREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 26. ANS: doubtfulREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 27. ANS: engravingREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 28. ANS: permanentREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 29. ANS: skullREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completion 30. ANS: TimberREF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Sentence completionMULTIPLE CHOICE31. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice32. ANS: C REF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice33. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 1 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice34. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice35. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice36. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 2 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice37. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice38. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice39. ANS: C REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice40. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passage 3 TOP: Paraphrasing multiple choice MATCHING41. ANS: E REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching42. ANS: D REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching43. ANS: A REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching44. ANS: C REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching45. ANS: B REF: Test 1: Reading passages 1-3 TOP: Sentence matching ESSAY46. ANS:Various answersREF: Test 1: Writing Task 2 TOP: Essay47. ANS:Answers will varyREF: Test 1: Writing Task 1 TOP: GraphOTHER48. ANS:Various answersREF: Test 1: Speaking Part 2 TOP: Long turn topic card。
雅思阅读考试模拟测试题带答案
雅思阅读考试模拟测试题带答案2015年雅思阅读考试模拟测试题带答案It is estimated that around of the approximately six thousand languages that are spoken today, over three thousand of them are likely to have disappeared by the year 2100. Many of these are now classified as endangered languages and are classified as such by factors such as the number of speakers a language has, the age of the speakers, and the percentage of the youngest generation acquiring fluency in the language. For example, a language with many tens of thousands of speakers may be considered endangered if the children in the community are no longer learning the language. This scenario may happen in a place like Indonesia which as many different languages in use, but is trying to make communication easier by teaching a national language nation-wide. In another scenario, a language may only have a few hundred speakers but may not be considered endangered because all of the children in the community are learning the language.Once a language is classified as endangered, conservation efforts may be made in an attempt to save or revive the language. Whether or not to make such efforts is a decision which is ultimately made by the speakers of the language themselves, but success often requires a great deal of help and approval from the government or other authorities.One of the most famous language conservation success stories is that of the Welsh language. Historically, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh, but eventually English became the main language of Wales and fewer and fewer people learned Welsh. Conservation efforts began to be made in themid-20th century with the establishment of such organisations as the Welsh Language Association in 1962. The Welsh Language Act and the Government of Wales Act, both passed in the 1990s, protected the Welsh language and made sure that English and Welsh would have equal status in Wales. Since 2000, the study of the Welsh language has been a compulsory subject in school. Today, over 22% of the population of Wales are Welsh speakers, up from 18% in 1991.Another famous example, Hebrew, is not so much a story of language conservation as much as language revitalisation. Hebrew was once a spoken language but by the 4th century BCE it had been replaced by Aramaic. Hebrew continued to be used for religious purposes and in literature but the language was no longer used for everyday purposes. In the 19th century, there was a movement to revive Hebrew as a spoken language, and when the State of Israel was founded in 1948, Hebrew was adopted as the official language. There was some resistance to this idea, as Hebrew was considered a religious language, not a language to be used for common communication. In addition, because Hebrew was an ancient language, it lacked many of the words that are used in modern times and many new words had to be coined. However, because there was a need for a common language in Israel, the language was accepted and now thrives.The successes of language conservation are many, but many more attempts at language preservation do not succeed and there are many languages that have not survived except for a few recordings made by the last native speakers before their deaths. In some cases, the number of remaining speakers at the start of conservation efforts was not enough to sustain revitalisation, and in others, efforts may fail because there is often no economicbenefit to learning an endangered language at the expense of a more commonly spoken national or international language.QuestionsDo the following statements agree with the information given in the article?In boxes 1-10 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1) Half of the languages spoken today will be gone by 2100.2) A language may be considered endangered if children of the speakers are no longer learning the language.3) Indonesian is an endangered language.4) Most endangered languages today are saved and revived.5) Welsh was revived mainly due to government legislature.6) The number of Welsh speakers is expected to rise rapidly in the future.7) All school lessons in Wales are taught in Welsh.8) Hebrew died out completely in the 4th century BCE.9) Hebrew and Aramaic are similar languages.10) Many new terms had to be added to Hebrew to make it functional for today’s world.Answers1) F2) T3) NG4) F5) T6) NG7) NG8) F9) NG10) T【2015年雅思阅读考试模拟测试题带答案】。
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析(17)
第7题
_____
第8题
_____
第9题
_____
第10题
______
上一题下一题
(11~15/共10题)SECTION 2
Questions 11-15
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
第1题
___
第2题
___
第3题
___
第4题
___
第5题
___
下一题
(6~10/共10题)SECTION 1
Questions 6-10
Label the rooms on the map below.
Choose your answers from the box below and write them next to questions 6-10.
图片
第39题
_____
第40题
_____
上一题下一题
(41~53/共13题)PASSAGE 1
You should ,spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1below.图片A Remarkable Beetle
上一题下一题
(25~30/共10题)SECTION 3
Questions 25-30
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Play00:00…
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（1）
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（1）雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1~10/共10题)SECTION 1Play00:00…Volume第1题Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. APPLICATION FORMYears of Membership: SevenType of I.D.: 1I.D. No.: 2Family Name: BlackOther Names: Gavin RaymondD.O.B.: 22/01/1973I.D. Expiry Date: 3Address: 4MeadowbankClass of Vehicle: 5Endorsements: NoneConvictions: 6 (1993)第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBERfor each answer. Membership Level Benefits7 Bronze Silver GoldStandardCare —5% discount 7.5% discount 50% discount off8Insurance —$10 off fee $20 off fee Free9PersonalLoans 0.25%reduction* 0.5%reduction* 10reduction* 1.25%reduction**on applicable rate第8题第9题第10题下一题(11~20/共10题)SECTION 2Play00:00…Volume第11题Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Diners can eat inside the restaurant or in the ______.第12题Visitors can put on their swim suits and play in the ______.第13题The Cottage houses a museum, cinema room and ______.第14题The Garden Nursery is the place to buy plants, pots, garden sculptures and ornaments including ______.第15题The Wood Crafting Shed is a great place to buy wooden products, especially ______ for the children.第16题The avocado fruit that is grown at Summerland is picked by ______.第17题Label the plan below.Choose your answers from the box below and write the letters A-H next to questions 17-20.图片A. Avocado Packing ShedB. Car ParkC. Carton Manufacturing ShedD. Cool RoomE. Gift ShopF. Garden ShopG. Macadamia De-husking ShedH. Museum第18题第19题第20题上一题下一题(21~30/共10题)SECTION 3Play00:00…Volume第21题Complete the summary below.Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-N next to questions 21-26.A wetland is an area where the soil is typically water-logged. Plants and animals living there depend on the wetness for their 1 . Draining swamps is a widespread occurrence which kills off wildlife and, consequently, wetlands are 2 worldwide. It is a feature of wetlands thatconditions vary according to 3 . Water-tolerant plants grow both in and out of the water and water levels are usually 4 . Wetlands naturally occur between land and water and become 5 for various wildlife during very dry periods. They also act as nurseries for different kinds of animal life. Wetlands are known to upgrade 6 by removing pollutants.A. water qualityB. seasonal changeC. saturated soilD. safe placesE. quite lowF. quite highG. nutrientsH. nurseriesI. international recognitionJ. farming activityK. extinctL. continued existenceM. commercial developmentN. at risk第22题第23题第24题第25题第26题第27题Complete the diagram below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.图片第28题第29题第30题上一题下一题(31~40/共10题)SECTION 4Play00:00…Volume第31题Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Someone in an anxiety state has worse ______ than normal.第32题A phobia may stem from heredity or ______.第33题The reason for the final breakdown is generally linked with ______ like the loss of a loved one or a health crisis.第34题Match the phobic state in the box to the symptoms below.Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-D next to questions 34-40.Phobic statesA. Single phobiaB. AgoraphobiaC. ClaustrophobiaD. Social phobiaThe sufferer:Feels extremely shy in company第35题Likes to sleep with the lights on第36题Fears leaving the house第37题Gets sweaty hands第38题Fears a particular creature第39题Fears small spaces第40题Has difficulty speaking in front of other people上一题下一题(41~53/共13题)PASSAGE 1HYBRID SOLAR LIGHTING—Light the Interiors of Buildings with Sunlight!Hybrid solar lighting is a system that captures sunlight on a roof top and uses optical fibres to channel it directly into a building. The only power needed to operate it is a 9-volt battery and the energy cost reduction, worker productivity and health benefits are immense.It was originally developed by the US Department of Energy at its Oak Ridge National Laboratory and licensed to a company called Sunlight Direct. It has already been installed in a large number and a wide range of buildings in the USA including higher education institutions, museums, department stores and other specialty stores. Initial reports declare that retail sales increase by as much as 40% when the switch is made from fluorescent lighting to hybrid solar. Furthermore, there is a majorimprovement in the attention spans and academic attainment of undergraduates in classrooms or lecture theatres lit by hybrid solar. It is to be hoped that the technology can soon be made financially feasible for households as well as commercial buildings.It has been suggested that 30% of the electricity used in the USA is just for lighting and, for retailers, the estimate increases to 45%. Obviously, that figure could decrease significantly if sunlight could be brought inside. Hybrid solar lighting is predicted not only to save millions of dollars in energy costs but it is attractive for its quality which is almost identical to daylight.A solar collector consisting of a 1.2 metre parabolic primary mirror concentrates the light toward a secondary mirror which has a special multi-layer coating that reflects only the visible wavelengths which effectively strips off the ultra-violet and infra-red wavelengths from the reflected light. This is important to reduce heat in the fibre optics which would otherwise melt.The visible light is focused from the secondary mirror towards a receiver module where it is homogenized to guarantee uniformity before it enters the fibre optic bundle which then passes into the building interior for lighting. The fibres are easily installed and replaced and unlike fluorescent lights that require energy, the hybrid solar system only needs one 9-volt battery %o power the solar tracking system for a week.The solar tracker mechanism consists of two motors that are controlled by a GPS (global positioning system) micro processor situated beneath it. This computes the exact position of the sun (based on the latitude, longitude, date and time) to within point one degree. The light collected shines brightly. Just two of these fibres emit enough light to be equivalent to a 60 Watt light bulband there are 127 of fibres in one bundle. What if it is cloudy or rainy outside? That's where the hybrid comes in. The lighting fixtures combine the sunlight with the artificial light from fluorescent or incandescent lamps to create a hybrid luminaire. A photo sensor in the room monitors the intensity and automatic adjustments are made in order to keep a constant level of illumination.A room lit entirely by fluorescence has an orange glow which is not very natural. If the lighting is changed to 80% solar and 20% fluorescent, it is far more aesthetically appealing. It is estimated that hybrid solar lighting could reduce their energy bill of most retailers by 60%; and retail stores have been some of the first adopters of the new technology because of the health benefits gained from natural lighting. Studies have shown that 20% of workers under artificial light suffer symptoms of depression from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). In addition, retail stores with natural lighting sold 40% more merchandise than stores with artificial light. Research has shown that biological rhythms and circadian rhythms are the secret to having successful and productive employees. Bringing in the natural light helps regulate these biological processes.The technology has made such an impression that other scientists are looking at alternative applications: utilizing the UV light energy for hot water heating, for example. There is one limitation to the technology, however: although the plastic optical fibres are very low cost, they also have very low transmittance and extend for only around 15 metres from the solar collector. This is why currently solar hybrid lighting is primarily focused on the top and main floors of a building.Overall, the potential electricity savings and carbon dioxidereductions are enormous. The units are designed to last twenty years and, as volumes of sales increase, the price should come down considerably. It may be a while before individual households can enjoy hybrid solar lighting but, in the meantime, there is a substantial benefit in that it is making many work and study spaces as natural and comfortable for humans as possible.第41题Complete the summary below with words taken from Reading Passage 1.Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.A hybrid solar lighting system has been developed that uses1 to illuminate buildings. Numerous advantages have been described, such as a boost in2 and increased3 and educational achievement amongst students.第42题第43题第44题Complete the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.图片第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.●127 fibres = 1 bundle●2 fibres = 60 Watt bulb●A 9 measures amount of light& a 10 mixes light from different sources to keep levels constant●Higher % of natural light, more attractive and biologically advantageous—fluorescence contributes to feelings of 11 whereas natural or hybrid light gives rise to more productivity (& the sale of more 12 in shops) because it helps workers (& shoppers) feel good and maintain biological rhythms.●Plastic fibres are cheap but length from the 13 is a limiting factor.第50题第51题第52题第53题上一题下一题(54~66/共13题)PASSAGE 2Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. Uncertain future for academic freedomii. Low pay causes problemsiii. Tough life, worse prospectsiv. A safety net for intellectual risk-takersv. The necessity for economic reformvi. Educational standards declinevii. Adverse effects on health of adjunctsviii. Academic life: perception versus realityix. Exploitation of a stop-gap systemThe Rise of AdjunctsA. Academia is often thought of as an occupation with immense job security. The traditional image is one of a middle-aged professor with his own office, his own car park, and a cosy job with a middle-class salary that remains unaffected by upturns and downturns in the 'real' businesseconomy. But in the United States today only a minority of professors have anything resembling this lifestyle. For the vast majority, the actual conditions of their employment are very different. They scrape by with low pay, short-term contracts and few or no employee benefits. Many even qualify for food stamps. This shift in employment conditions has far-reaching consequences not only for academics, but also for students and the quality of education they receive, and for academic freedom more generally.B. Originally, almost all professors were in full-time positions and employed under a system known as 'life tenure'. Tenure all but guarantees professors a well-paid job until retirement; their position can only be terminated with 'just cause'. Proving just cause is a lengthy, difficult process that happens rarely—only around 50 of 280,000 tenured professors lose their status every year. The purpose of tenure is to provide shelter for researchers who dissent from dominant opinions, disagree with the authorities of universities, donors or political authorities, or choose to research topics that may have social importance but seem unimportant or unnecessary to others. In this way it seeksto keep intellectual pursuits 'pure' rather than at the whim of external interests. Without tenure, professors might prefer uncontroversial research on popular topics, and draw dishonest conclusions in a bid to please authorities and keep their jobs.C. In an era of perpetual cost-cutting and budget-tightening, however, guaranteeing large numbers of academics lifetime employment with related benefits is increasing untenable. The proportion of university teachers with tenure has slid from 75 percent in 1960 to just 27 percent today. Rising in their place are 'professor adjuncts'. Adjuncts are temporary, part-time employees who were initially brought in only occasionally as special guest lecturers or to provide cover for tenured professors on parental or research leave. Adjuncts teach individual classes and have no research or administrative responsibilities, and their contracts typically run for a single semester, after which they might be renewed. Over the last few decades their use has been extended beyond these temporary exigencies, and adjuncts have become a permanent, institutionalised aspect of academic employment.D. This has created several problems for adjunct professors, who are considered by some to make up a growing 'academic underclass'. Firstly, because contracts are always temporary, adjuncts rarely qualify for insurance and health benefits, such as time off with remuneration for illness, in the same way as tenured professors. Secondly, recompense for adjuncts is often very low. In order to make a living from their work, adjuncts typically need to win contracts with multiple universities. As a consequence of this high teaching workload—and the lack of paid research opportunities—adjuncts tend to find it hard to publish articles and win research grants, therefore making promotionincreasingly unlikely with every year that passes (academic promotion is governed by what is known as a 'publish or perish' culture).E. The culture of using adjuncts also has flow-on effects for the quality of teaching that students receive. Because adjuncts come in only for classes, they do not have offices or office hours on campus, and usually do not have the time to meet up with students in small groups or for one-on-one sessions. The disengagement between students and teachers can make it difficult for struggling students to find guidance outside of lectures. Adjuncts are also less 'tied' to the universities they teach at and fail to accumulate reputations over time in the same way as full-time professors. As such, they are not as personally invested in the quality and outcome of their teaching. Finally, it has been reported that many adjuncts practice grade inflation—raising grades higher than deserved—in order to maintain their job security by keeping students pleased.These outcomes are not because adjuncts are malfeasant or incompetent professors, but rather because of the structural pressures this type of work involves—precisely what the tenure system sought to overcome.F. The rising use of adjunct professors also has implications for the research and pedagogical autonomy of teachers. Because adjuncts do not have tenure, they can be fired with the simplest of explanations. Furthermore, administrators who do not want to give any reason at all can choose to simply not renew an adjunct's contract after the semester finishes. As such, there is immense pressure on adjuncts to teach in ways that please those who employ them. While only 50 tenured professors lose their jobs in the USA every year, reports emerge every day about adjunctswho have been fired or not had contracts renewed after disputes with faculty or administrators over course design, teaching, or employment issues. As the pool of growing numbers of adjuncts compete desperately for the shrinking amount of tenure-track positions, intellectual conformity can grow as candidates position themselves as safe, mainstream choices. As theoretical physicist Lee Smolin has written, "...it is practically career suicide for young theoretical physicists not to join the field of string theory..."The rising use of adjunct professors is mainly rooted in a need for cost efficiency in education, but it has more diffuse effects on the wellbeing of academic professionals and students, the quality of the education they receive, and academic freedom in general. Everyone who is concerned about more than the fiscal 'bottom line' needs to follow this trend carefully.第54题Section A第55题Section B第56题Section C第57题Section D第58题Section E第59题Section F第60题Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.What was the motivation behind the tenure system?A.To allow professors to pursue their research without outside influence.B.To prevent academic positions from being used for research that is not useful.C.To discipline professors who make claims that are not true.D.To provide professors with a secure income so that they can focus on research.第61题Which of the following is NOT a feature of adjunct employment?A.Contracts that expire after a limited periodB.Paid sick leaveC.Lecturing responsibilitiesD.Difficulty securing funding for research第62题Why do adjuncts have low prospects for improving their academic position?A.They are unable to receive medical care.B.They do not have enough time for writing articles.C.They work at more than one institution.D.They are under-qualified.第63题Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2.Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.Because adjuncts are paid only to teach, they cannot always provide support for ______.第64题Adjuncts do not have the same bonds with one particular institution as permanent staff do so they do not ______ in the same way.第65题Giving better marks than warranted enhances adjuncts' ______.第66题Adjuncts do not deliver quality education, not because they are bad lecturers but as a result of ______.上一题下一题(67~80/共14题)PASSAGE 3READING WARSA. In many developed countries literacy skills are under siege. This is true even in societies where access to primary education is universal and governments invest heavily in education. New Zealand, for example, was leading the world in literacy rates in 1970, but tumbled to thirteenth place in 2001 and then again to twenty-fourth just a few years later. Test scores in the USA also slumped ten percent during the 1990s despite the country riding an economic boom for much of the decade. In some cases these statistics reverse trends that were in motion for over a century and a haft. The steady, gradual expansion of literacy across social groups and classes was one of the greatest successes of the period of industrialisation that began in the mid-1850s.B. This reversal of fortunes has lead to widespread contention over the pedagogy of teaching literacy. What was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy analysts—rapidly escalated into a series of skirmishes that were played out in high-visibility forums: Newspapers ran special features, columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacycrisis; politicians successfully ran their national campaigns on improving reading test scores; and parents had their say by joining Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and lobby groups.C. The arguments around reading pooled into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism and behaviourism. The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic and interpretative practices that suffered when they were spliced and formalised within rigid doctrines, strict rules and universal skill-sets. Constructivists associate words with meanings; each word might be thought of as a Chinese ideogram. Students are encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they do not understand, or learn to interpret those wordsby situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the sentence and the story's wider narrative. These practices materialise as learning processes centred on guided group reading and independent reading of high-quality, culturally diverse literature or textual composition that emphasises pupils conveying their own thoughts and feelings for real purposes such as letters to pen pals or journal entries.D. Behaviourism sees the pedagogical process in a less dialectical fashion—words are initially taught not lexically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-lexically, as a combination of features that can be separated and learnt in a schematic process. The behaviourist approach does not focus on words at all in the early stages of learning. Rather, it is centred on a universally applicable method of teaching students to isolate graphemes and phonemes with the intention that students will eventually learn to synthesise these individual parts and makesense of spoken words textually. In this way, individual components are not equated with the strokes of a brush on a Chinese ideogram, but rather as the focal pieces of interpretation—as in, for example, learning to read musical notations or Morse Code. Because of its emphasis on universal rules, behaviourism is much more conducive to formal examination and the consolidation of results across regions and countries. The ability to master language is considered to rest in the acquisition of a set of skills that exist independently of individuals. Classroom learning is therefore based upon the transmission of knowledge from tutor to student, rather than seen as an internalised process that erupts within the students themselves.E. So who comes out on top? It is not easy to say. Champions of behaviourism have claimed victory because constructivist learning took over in the late 1980s, just before test scores on literacy began sinking across the West. Constructivists, however, can make the valid claim that the behaviourist approach has a heavy methodological bias towards testing and examination, and that test results do not represent the ability of individuals to use and interpret language freely and creatively. Furthermore, different socio-economic groups respond in different ways to each method. Those from wealthier families tend to do well regardless of the method, but thrive on the constructivist approach implemented in the 1990s. Children from poorer families, however, are better served by behaviourism. These outcomes have ramped up levels of socio-economic based educational disparities in educational systems that have pushed the constructivist method.F. It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviourism willbe permanently sidelined from curricula in the near future. Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach. Constructivism may ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who come from families where they are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young age—this process of 'living and learning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle. In a world rife with social inequities, households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of funding for education, however, the behaviourist approach may have the upper hand in teaching children to access the basic skiffs of literacy quickly and efficiently, even if some linguistic creativity is crushed in the process.第67题Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.A reason why constructivism might increase inequalities in society。
(完整版)雅思考试全题模拟试题(1)
雅思考试全题模拟试题(1)ListeningTIME ALLOWED: 30 minutesNUMBER OF QUESTION: 40InstructionYou will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear.There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check you work.All the recordings will be played ONCE only.The test is in four sections. Write your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.Now turn to Section 1 on page 2.SECTION 1 Question1-9Question 1-6Listen to conversation between friend and the housing officer and complete the list below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer.HOUSING LISTHOUSING LISTAddress Number of rooms Price per week Additional informationMr. J Devenport 82Salisbury Road Brighton BN 16 3 AN Tel 01273 884673 2 bedrooms sitting room kit. bath Example ￡120 UnfurnishedMrs E.S. Jarvis2Wicken Street Brighton BN 15 4JH Tel 01273 771621 (1) sitting room kit.bath (2)First floorMrs. E.C. Sparshott 180Silwood Road Brighton BN 14 9RY Tel (3)2 large rm/s shared kit and bath ￡35 Nice area (4)Mr A Nasiry 164 Preston Road Brighton BN5 7RT Tel 01273 703865 large bedroom sitting room with kitchenette.bath. (5)Ground floor Central(6) 2 harrow Road Brighton BN9 9HK Tel 01273 745621 2 large rooms kit bath ￡86 No petsQuestions 7-9Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer7.When is the accommodation available?8.Where is the telephone?9.How is the flat heated?SECTION 2 Questions 10-20Questions 10-14Circle the correct letters A-D10.How many conventions have already been held ?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 511.Where is the convention being held?A. BrisbaneB. MelbourneC. CanberraD. Sydney12.How long is the convention forA 2 days B.5 days C.6 days D. 7 days13.How many Australian speakers will be attending the convention?A.20B.25C.30D.3514.Which countries are the guest speakers from?A. Britain and CanadaB. Canada and the USC. Britain and the USD. Britain, Canada and the USQuestion 15-17Listen to the directions and match the places in questions 15-17 to the appropriate letters A-G on the map.Example Peroni's Answer ( A )15. Jumbo Sandwich Shop ( )16. Slim's Vegetarian ( )17. The Geneva Bistro ( )Questions 18-20Look at this page from the program. Tick ( √ ) if the information is correct or write in the changes.CONVENTION PROGRAMExampleAfternoon sessions Answerstart at 2.00pm 2.30finish at 4.00pm ______________TALKS“Marketing” by Jane Howard (18)Blue Room (19)“Distribution of Goods” by Sara Moore” Barbara MooreRed Room (20)“Advertising” by Peter NewsteadOrange Room cancelledSECTION 3 Questions 21——32Questions 21_24Complete the table showing the prices and types of coffee sold Common Room.I = InstantR = RealE = EspressoEuropean Development studies Arts "C"Building American StudiesType of coffee Example I (21)E (24)Price of coffee Example 20P (22)(23)25PQuestions 25-32Complete the table showing the number of points 1,2or3 awarded to the food offered by eachCommon Room.Arts "c" Building European Refectory American StudiesMatthew (28)Alice (25)Example 1 (29)(31)Jenny (26)(27)(30)(32)SECTION 4 Questions 33-40Questions 33-35Look at Question 33-35 below and the grid . Tick ( √ )the relevant boxes in each column.COUNTRY 33. Which countries are affected by Britain's pollution? 34.Which country relies heavily on nuclear power? 35. Which countries use lime filtering to reduce the amount of chemical pollutant released into the atmosphere?AustraliaBelgiumDenmarkFranceGermanyHollandJapanSwedenUSAQuestions 36-40Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.36. When did fish stock there begin to decline?37. What did scientists inject into the land ?38. Has the situation improved?39. How effective is the use of limestone slurry?40. what is one of the major disadvantages of using limestone slurry?reading1TIME ALLOWED :1 HourNUMBER OF QUESTIONS :38InstructionsALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEETThe test is divided as follow :Reading passage 1 questions 1-11Reading passage 2 questions12-25Reading passage 3 questions26-38Start at the beginning of the test and work through it .you should answer all the questions. if you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next .you can return to it later.Section 1 question 1-14Question 1-4There are six job advertisements A-F on the opposite pageAnswer the questions below by writing the letters of the appropriate advertisements in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet .Example answerWhich job is in a travel agent's ? D1. which job is in a hotel?2. Which job for someone to look after a child?3. Which WTO advertisements are for waiters?4. Which WTO jobs would particularly like a German speaker?RestaurantSupervisorWaiting staffTelephonist__________the ideal candidates must have relevant experience gained in a high quality hotel .please call personnel on 071-722-77333, or send your CV to :Regents Park Hilton , Lodge Road , LondonNW8 7JTLONDONREGENTS PARKHILTONB..USE YOURLANGUAGES AND EARN450-1200 P.W.we are one of the largest business publishers in Europe and have limited vacancies for intelligent young people in our London advertisement sales office. Enquiries from German Spanish and eastern European speakers especially welcome. Phone Andrew Warburton on 071 753 4300C.SECRETARYBusy charteredAccountants require experienced /efficient secretary ,accounts ,typing experience and an excellent telephone manner essential shorthand useful.Please send CV to :box no .9246 c/o evening standard classified , 2 derry street ,kensington W8 5EE.D.TRAVELCOMPANYVacancy for self-confident person to look after bookings for our Caribbean hotels .salary based on applicant's experience &suitability .please send CV to Ian Taplin , MRI LTD, 9 Galena Road , London , WG OLXE.NANNY WANTEDFor 9 month old handful .Artistle /Prof household Ntting Hill , 3 days per week .some hours flexibility req'd .knowledge German/Hungarian advantage not essential 071 221 7375F.JOIN THE STARS!FOOD SERVERSThe biggest and busiest restaurant in London is seeking additional stars for its team of dedicated professionals .if you have experience in high volume restaurantsand are looking for a challenge ,then come on down for an audition.Interview day is on Friday , 6th MAY from 12 noon to 7 pm .planet Hollywood is located at 13 Coventry Street , London. W1.Questions 5-10Read the page from a UK telephone directory on the opposite page.Answer the questions below by writing the appropriate telephone numbers in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.What should you dial ifExampleYou want to speak to the international operator? answer1235 .there is something wrong with your telephone?6. there has been an accident and you want to call an ambulance?7. you want to find out a number in a foreign country ?8.you want to know how much telephone calls cost?9.you want to purchase an answer-phone machine?10. you want to use a credit card to pay for a telephone call?Operator services 101The operator is there to help you if you have difficulty making a call or if you want to use any of our special call service .these include: ALARM CALLS ADVICE OF DURATION CHARGE CREDIT CARD CALLS FLXED TIME CALLS FREEFONE CALLS PERSONAL CALLS TRANSFERRED CHARGE CALLS SUBSCRIBER CONTROLLED TRANSFER .for details of charges see our free leaflet , Dial 101 and ask for financial services.International operator 123See section 3 (international )for details.Directory Enquiries 142Tell the operator the town you require .have paper and pencil ready. International directory enquiries 130Emergency 010Tell the operator what service you want .Faults 166Any fault should be reported to the local fault repair service.Sales 170Telemessage 190If you have something special to say and prefer to say it in writing . International telemessage 191International telegrams 192You can send a telegram to most other countries.Maritime service 200SHIP'S TELEGRAM SERVIE SHIP'S TELEPHONE SERVICE INMARSAT SATELLITE SERVICE (DIAL 177) .you can call or send a message to someone aboard ship by using our maritime services .for known .for INMARSAT (maritime satellite) service dial 178 .give the ship's name ,its identification number and ocean region , if known, satellite service and provide the number .Any other call enquiries 111Question 11-14Read the following noticeUsing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage answer the questions below. Write your answer in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.FIRE NOTICEIn the event of life , the ALARM will ring .on hearing the fire alarm ,all those in the West Wing should evacuate the building by staircase J.Rooms 1 to 199 are in the west wing .all others should use staircase A. The assembly area for occupants of west wing is the staff car park at the rear of the building .all others assemble in the front courtyard.Evacuate the building even if the alarm stops.If you discover a fire ,shout fire and operate the nearest fire alarm .attack the fire with an extinguisher but do not take any risks .inform reception by dialling 3333.ExampleWhere is room 1 answerthe west wing11.you are in room 101 .which staircase should you use to evacuate the building ?12. you are in room 201.where should you wait outside after evacuating the building ?13 what should you do if the alarm stops?14.who should you contact if you discover a fire?SECTION 2 Questions 15-27Questions 15-20Read “Information for New Students” below and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.HILTON ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTREINFORMATION FOR NEW STUDENTSCLASS TIMES9.00 am – 10.30 am 11.00 am – 12.30 pm 1.30 pm – 3.00 pmThe Language Centre is open Monday to Friday. Each class has one afternoon free per week. On the first day go to the lecture hall to check your timetable.SELF-ACCESSThe language laboratory (Room 1110) is open Monday to Friday from 3.15 pm to 5.oo pm for all full-time students. You can learn how to use the computers for language games or word-processing.There are cassettes for students to borrow to practise their English. Go in and ask the teacher to show you.If you plan to take public examinations, there are dictation and listening comprehension cassettes for you to practise with. There are cloze exercises on the computers. Ask your class teacher for a list of past exam essays. Students can borrow cassettes to take home but they must be returned after two days. ATTENDANCEAll students on student visas are expected to attend classes regularly. Students who do not attend classes will be reported to oss. Eighty per cent attendance is required for students to receive their certificate on completion of their course. It is also required by oss for an extension to your visa.BOOKSIf students are given course books, the books are their responsibility.If a book is lost, the student will be expected to pay for it. If students wish to buy books, there is a bookshop in the college specialising in English books (Room 3520).15.when do classes begin and end on a full day?16.How many afternoons does a class meet each week?17.Where are the timetables displayed?18.Who can use the language laboratory after classes?19.Who is available in the self-access centre to help the students?20.How much of a course must you attend according to visa restrictions?Questions 21-27Read the passage below about a college in the city of Bath, written in 1985, and answer the questions that follow.The CollegeThe college has the advantage of location in one of the most attractive cities in the country. Within the city of Bath it occupies modern buildings in a landscaped garden on Sion hill, Lansdown and an adjacent Georgian Crescent, Somerset Crescent, which includes teaching and residential accommodation for post-graduate studies. It also occupies three houses in Sydney Place, which are used for studio and workshop accommodation for part-time courses in the Visual Arts and for the Foundation Course in Art and Design.The Newton Park site is situated four miles west of Bath between the villages of Newton St Loe and Corston. Within the grounds are a Georgian mansion, where thecollege’s sentral administration is located, an Elizabethan dairy, stables and the tower of a medieval manor house; all these older buildings have been adapted to present-day use. A new purpose-built Home Economics block was opened in January 1985. During 1986 a new Sports Hall will be completed and new residential blocks are under construction to be completed ready for the start of the academic year in September 1986; a new music Block will be completed in 1987.The Art and Design degree courses which are currently accommodated at Corsham, about nine miles east of Bath, will be moved to the Sion Hill site in Bath by September 1986 thus reinforcing Faculty and Course links.The college courses are designed to take advantage of the special opportunities and circumstances provided by its environment. Students have available such resources as the Costume and Fashion Research Centre, the Royal Photographic Centre and the Museum of American Domestic Life at Claverton. Concerts and recitals, including some given by staff and students, take place throughout the year in the Assembly Rooms. The college uses buildings in five different places. Where are the following things located?In boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet writeNP if something is located in Newton ParkC if something is located in CorshamSH if something is located in Sion HillSC if something is located in Somerset CrescentSP if something is located in Sydney PlaceExampleA landscaped garden AnswerSH21.Central Administration22.Home Economics Block23.Art and Design Foundation Course24.Art and Design Degree Course after 198625.Post-graduate Residences26.Sports Hall27.Music BlockSECTION 3 Questions 28-38Read the passage below and answer questions 28-38WINTER SPORTSIce,danger and exhilarationThe 17th Winter Games, held in Norway in 1994, are part of an Olympic tradition which goes back almost 3,000 years. For more than Games were held, every four years, on hallowed ground near Mount Olympus, where the Greek gods were said to live.The ‘Olympics’ brought together men from war-torn tribes and states in Greece and its colonies. A sacred truce was declared to allow men to travel to the games in safety. Women could not take part and were forbidden, on pain of death, even to attend the Games.The ancient Olympics were abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in 393 AD, after Greece had lost its independence. But the idea never died and the Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin, an educator and scholar, founded the modern Olympics,his aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport. No account was to be taken of national rivalries, nor politics, race, religion, wealth or social status.The first modern Games were held in Athens in 1896, and four years later, in Paris, women began to take part. Although the winter Olympics did not begin until 1924, figure skating was part of the 1908 London summer Olympics; both skating and ice hockey were included in the Antwerp Games in 1920. But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized. Only cold weather countries had much experience of activities such as skiing-a means of transport overland across ice and snow during long winters.The Scandinavians, for whom skiing is a part of everyday life, had objected to a winter fames. They feared it would threaten their own Nordic Games, which had been held every four years since 1901. But the international Olympic Committee (IOC) agreed to stage an International Sports Week in Chamonix, France, in 1924.It was a success and the Scandinavians won 28 of the 43 medals, including nine golds. They dropped their objections and the event was retrospectively named the First Olympic Winter Games.Apart from the Second World War period the Winter Olympics were held every four years, a few months before the summer Olympics. But in 1986 the IOC changed the schedule so that the summer and winter games would be held in different years. Thus, for the only time in history, the Lillehammer (Norway) Games took place just two years after the previous Winter Olympics which were held in Albertville, France.Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men’s nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union. For teams from warm weather countries, cross-country skiing can pose problems. At the Calgary Games in 1988, one competitor in the 50-kilometre event was so slow that race officials feared he was lost and sent out a search party. Roberto Alvarez of Mexico had never skied more than 20 kilometres before and finished 61st and last 52 minutes behind the 60th place.Questions 28-31Complete the table below. Write a date for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheetDATE EVENT(28)Ancient Olympics came to an end(29)First women’s eventsExample: 1901 First Nordic Games(30)First winter team game included in Olympics(31)First Winter Olympic GamesQuestions 32-38Look at the following statements. In boxes 32-38 on your answer sheet write TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN if the statement is trueif the statement is falseif the information is not given in the passage32.The spectators, as well as the participants, of the ancient Olympics were all male.33.Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.34.The modern Olympics have always demonstrated the political neutrality intended by their founder.35.The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.36.Cross-country skiing events are a specialty of cold-weather countries.37.Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in men’s winter Olympics nordic skiing events.38.One Winter Olympics has succeeded another every four years since 1924 with a break only for the Second World War.WRITING TASK 1You should spend on more than 20 minutes on this task.You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room.Explain your reasons.You should write at least 150 words.You do NOT need to write your own address.Begin your letter as follows:Dear Sir/Madam,- 11 -。
雅思15 test 1 passage 3 题目
【雅思15 test 1 passage 3主题：生物多样性与气候变化】在当今社会，生物多样性和气候变化已经成为备受关注的重要议题。
雅思15 test 1 passage 3中，涉及到了这一重要的主题，本文将从深度和广度的角度进行全面评估，并撰写一篇有价值的文章，以帮助我更好地理解这一议题。
生物多样性和气候变化是当前全球热议的议题。
生物多样性是指一个地区内和全球范围内各种生物体的数量和种类的多样性。
而气候变化则是由于人类的活动，尤其是过度使用化石燃料而导致的地球气候系统的变化。
这两者之间存在着密切的联系，气候变化对生物多样性产生了深远的影响。
让我们从生物多样性的角度来看。
生物多样性对于维持地球生态系统的平衡和稳定起着至关重要的作用。
不同的生物体在生态系统中扮演着不同的角色，它们之间相互依存、相互作用。
然而，随着气候变化的加剧，许多物种的栖息地受到了严重破坏，导致了生物多样性的严重减少。
许多濒临灭绝的物种面临着生存的危机，如果不加以有效保护，就有可能永远消失在地球上。
保护生物多样性已经成为当务之急。
让我们从气候变化的角度来看。
气候变化对生物多样性产生了直接的影响。
随着全球气温的不断上升，许多生物体的生态环境发生了根本性的改变。
北极地区的冰雪融化加剧了北极熊等动物的生存困境；森林火灾、干旱和洪涝等特殊气候事件也给许多植物和动物带来了生存的挑战。
整个生态系统的平衡遭受到了严重的破坏，这对地球的生态环境产生了极大的负面影响。
在面对生物多样性和气候变化的挑战时，我们不能坐以待毙。
政府和社会应该加大生态保护的力度，采取行之有效的措施保护濒危物种，修复受到破坏的生态环境。
科研人员应该加强对生物多样性和气候变化的研究，推动生物多样性保护和气候变化应对的技术创新。
教育普及也至关重要，唤起公众对于生物多样性和气候变化的关注和行动，共同努力保护我们的地球家园。
生物多样性和气候变化是当前全球亟待解决的重要议题。
我们每个人都应该为保护生物多样性、应对气候变化贡献自己的一份力量。
雅思考试试题及答案
雅思考试试题及答案听力部分（Listening）Section 1场景：预订酒店房间1. 房间类型：单人间2. 入住日期：7月15日3. 入住天数：5天4. 客人需要额外服务：机场接送5. 特殊要求：无烟房Section 2场景：介绍当地公共交通系统6. 公交卡的有效期：一年7. 儿童票价：成人票价的一半8. 火车站的位置：市中心9. 最早一班公交车发车时间：早上5:3010. 公交公司提供的额外服务：自行车租赁Section 3场景：学生讨论报告11. 报告的主题：市场营销策略12. 报告中使用的主要数据来源：在线调查13. 报告中缺少的部分：案例研究14. 建议的改进措施：增加图表15. 下一步行动：与导师会面讨论Section 4场景：古代文明讲座16. 该文明位于：一个岛屿上17. 主要的食物来源：鱼类18. 他们的社会组织：等级制度19. 著名的工艺品：陶器20. 文明衰落的原因：自然灾害阅读部分（Reading）Passage 1主题：家庭农业的未来发展21. 作者认为家庭农业的优势是：灵活性高22. 根据研究，家庭农业面临的最大挑战是：市场准入23. 政府可以提供的支持措施包括：资金援助和技术培训24. 家庭农业对环境的积极影响：减少化学肥料的使用25. 文章建议的长期策略：多元化种植Passage 2主题：城市化对健康的影响26. 城市化带来的一个积极变化是：更好的医疗服务27. 城市居民可能面临的健康风险包括：空气污染28. 文章提到的一个解决方案是：增加绿地29. 城市化对心理健康的潜在影响：压力增加30. 作者建议的研究方法：跨学科研究Passage 3主题：语言的起源和演化31. 语言学家对于语言起源的主要争议点是：单一起源与多起源理论32. 根据考古学证据，最早的语言形式可能是：符号系统33. 语言演化的一个关键因素：社会互动34. 文章提到的一个研究工具：计算机模拟35. 语言多样性对文化保护的重要性：促进文化认同写作部分（Writing）Task 1类型：图表作文题目：根据以下图表，描述2010年至2020年期间，某国四个年龄段人口的变化趋势。
剑雅15阅读参考答案
剑雅15阅读参考答案剑雅15阅读参考答案剑雅（雅思考试）是一项全球性的英语语言能力测试，被广泛用于评估非英语国家的学生和移民的英语水平。
剑雅阅读部分是考生们最为头疼的一部分，因为它要求考生在有限的时间内阅读并理解一篇较长的文章，并回答相关问题。
下面是对剑雅15阅读部分的参考答案，希望对考生们有所帮助。
第一篇文章题目：The Impact of Social Media on Society问题1：What is the main topic of the passage?答案：The impact of social media on society.问题2：What are the negative effects of social media?答案：The negative effects of social media include addiction, cyberbullying, and privacy concerns.问题3：What are the positive effects of social media?答案：The positive effects of social media include increased connectivity, access to information, and opportunities for self-expression.问题4：According to the passage, what can be done to mitigate the negative effects of social media?答案：To mitigate the negative effects of social media, individuals can limit their screen time, practice digital literacy, and seek support if they experience cyberbullying.第二篇文章题目：The Importance of Environmental Conservation问题1：What is the main topic of the passage?答案：The importance of environmental conservation.问题2：What are the consequences of ignoring environmental conservation? 答案：The consequences of ignoring environmental conservation include climate change, loss of biodiversity, and depletion of natural resources.问题3：According to the passage, what actions can individuals take to contribute to environmental conservation?答案：Individuals can contribute to environmental conservation by reducing their carbon footprint, practicing sustainable consumption, and supporting conservation organizations.问题4：What is the role of governments in environmental conservation?答案：Governments play a crucial role in environmental conservation by implementing policies and regulations, promoting renewable energy, and supporting conservation initiatives.第三篇文章题目：The Benefits of Exercise for Mental Health问题1：What is the main topic of the passage?答案：The benefits of exercise for mental health.问题2：How does exercise benefit mental health?答案：Exercise benefits mental health by reducing stress, improving mood, and boosting self-esteem.问题3：According to the passage, what types of exercise are most effective for mental health?答案：Both aerobic exercise and strength training have been shown to beeffective for mental health.问题4：What are some additional benefits of exercise mentioned in the passage?答案：Additional benefits of exercise mentioned in the passage include improved cognitive function, better sleep quality, and reduced risk of developing mental illnesses.以上是对剑雅15阅读部分的参考答案，希望能够帮助考生们更好地准备和应对考试。
剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4（附答案）READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The return of the huarangoThe arid valleys of southern Peru are welcoming the return of a native plantThe south coast of Peru is a narrow, 2,000-kilometre-long strip of desert squeezed between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. It hardly ever rains there, and the only year-round source of water is located tens of metres below the surface. This is why the huarango tree is so suited to life there: it has the longest roots of any tree in the world. They stretch down 50-80 metres and, as well as sucking up water for the tree, they bring it into the higher subsoil, creating a water source for other plant life.Dr David Beresford-Jones, archaeobotanist at Cambridge University, has been studying the role of the huarango tree in landscape change in the Lower lea Valley in southern Peru. He believes the huarango was key to the ancient people's diet and, because it could reach deep water sources, it allowed local people to withstand years of drought when their other crops failed. But over the centuries huarango trees were gradually replaced with crops. Cutting down native woodland leads to erosion, as there is nothing to keep the soil in place. So when the huarangos go, the land turns into a desert. Nothing grows at all in the Lower lea Valley now.For centuries the huarango tree was vital to the people of the neighbouring Middle lea Valley too. They grew vegetables under it and ate products made from its seed pods. Its leaves and bark were used for herbal remedies, while its branches were used for charcoal for cooking and heating, and its trunk was used to build houses. But now it is disappearing rapidly. The majority of the huarango forests in the valley have already been cleared for fuel and agriculture - initially, these were smallholdings, but now they're huge farms producing crops for the international market.'Of the forests that were here 1,000 years ago, 99 per cent have already gone,' says botanist Oliver Whaley from Kew Gardens in London, who, together with ethnobotanist Dr William Milliken, is running a pioneering project to protect and restore the rapidly disappearing habitat. In order to succeed, Whaley needs to get the local people on board, and that has meant overcoming local prejudices. 'Increasingly aspirational communities think that if you plant food trees in your home or street, it shows you are poor, and still need to grow your own food,' he says. In order to stop the Middle lea Valley going the same way as the Lower lea Valley, Whaley is encouraging locals to love the huarangos again. 'It's a process of cultural resuscitation,' he says. He has already set up a huarango festival to reinstate a sense of pride in their eco-heritage, and has helped local schoolchildren plant thousands of trees.'In order to get people interested in habitat restoration, you need to plant a tree that is useful to them,' says Whaley. So, he has been working with local families to attempt to create a sustainable income from the huarangos by turning their products into foodstuffs. 'Boil up the beans and you get this thick brown syrup like molasses. You can also use it in drinks, soups or stews. ' The pods can be ground into flour to make cakes, and the seeds roasted into a sweet, chocolatey 'coffee'. 'It's packed full of vitamins and minerals, ' Whaley says.And some farmers are already planting huarangos. Alberto Benevides, owner of lea Valley's onlycertified organic farm, which Whaley helped set up, has been planting the tree for 13 years. He produces syrup and flour, and sells these products at an organic farmers' market in Lima. His farm is relatively small and doesn't yet provide him with enough to live on, but he hopes this will change. 'The organic market is growing rapidly in Peru, ' Benevides says. 'I am investing in the future.But even if Whaley can convince the local people to fall in love with the huarango again, there is still the threat of the larger farms. Some of these cut across the forests and break up the corridors that allow the essential movement of mammals, birds and pollen up and down the narrow forest strip. In the hope of counteracting this, he's persuading farmers to let him plant forest corridors on their land. He believes the extra woodland will also benefit the farms by reducing their water usage through a lowering of evaporation and providing a refuge for bio-control insects.'If we can record biodiversity and see how it all works, then we're in a good position to move on from there. Desert habitats can reduce down to very little, ' Whaley explains. 'It's not like a rainforest that needs to have this huge expanse. Life has always been confined to corridors and islands here. If you just have a few trees left, the population can grow up quickly because it's used to exploiting water when it arrives? He sees his project as a model that has the potential to be rolled out across other arid areas around the world. 'If we can do it here, in the most fragile system on Earth, then that's a real message of hope for lots of places, including Africa, where there is drought and they just can't afford to wait for rain.'Questions 1-5Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Questions 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 Local families have told Whaley about some traditional uses of huarango products.10 Farmer Alberto Benevides is now making a good profit from growing huarangos.11 Whaley needs the co-operation of farmers to help preserve the area's wildlife.12 For Whaley's project to succeed, it needs to be extended over a very large area.13 Whaley has plans to go to Africa to set up a similar project.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Silbo Gomero-the whistle ‘language’ of the Canary IslandsLa Gomera is one of the Canary Islands situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of Africa. This small volcanic island is mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep, wooded ravines, rising to 1,487 metres at its highest peak. It is also home to the best known of the world's whistle 'languages', a means of transmitting information over long distances which is perfectly adapted to the extreme terrain of the island.This 'language', known as 'Silbo' or 'Silbo Gomero' - from the Spanish word for 'whistle'- is now shedding light on the language-processing abilities of the human brain, according to scientists. Researchers say that Silbo activates parts of the brain normally associated with spoken language, suggesting that the brain is remarkably flexible in its ability to interpret sounds as language.'Science has developed the idea of brain areas that are dedicated to language, and we are starting to understand the scope of signals that can be recognised as language,' says David Corina, co-author of a recent study and associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle.Silbo is a substitute for Spanish, with individual words recoded into whistles which have high- and low-frequency tones. A whistler - or silbador - puts a finger in his or her mouth to increase the whistle's pitch, while the other hand can be cupped to adjust the direction of the sound. 'There is much more ambiguity in the whistled signal than in the spoken signal/ explains lead researcher Manuel Carreiras, psychology professor at the University of La Laguna on the Canary island of Tenerife. Because whistled 'words' can be hard to distinguish, silbadores rely on repetition, as well as awareness of context, to make themselves understood.The silbadores of Gomera are traditionally shepherds and other isolated mountain folk, and their novel means of staying in touch allows them to communicate over distances of up to 10 kilometres. Carreiras explains that silbadores are able to pass a surprising amount of information via their whistles. 4In daily life they use whistles to communicate short commands, but any Spanish sentence could be whistled.5 Silbo has proved particularly useful when fires have occurred on the island and rapid communication across large areas has been vital.The study team used neuroimaging equipment to contrast the brain activity of silbadores while listening to whistled and spoken Spanish. Results showed the left temporal lobe of the brain, which is usually associated with spoken language, was engaged during the processing of Silbo. The researchers found that other key regions in the brain's frontal lobe also responded to the whistles, including those activated in response to sign language among deaf people. When the experiments were repeated with non-whistlers, however, activation was observed in all areas of the brain.'Our results provide more evidence about the flexibility of human capacity for language in a variety of forms' Corina says. 'These data suggest that left-hemisphere language regions are uniquely adapted for communicative purposes, independent of the modality of signal. The non-Silbo speakers were not recognising Silbo as a language. They had nothing to grab onto, so multiple areas of their brains were activated?Carreiras says the origins of Silbo Gomero remain obscure, but that indigenous Canary Islanders, who were of North African origin, already had a whistled language when Spain conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th century. Whistled languages survive today in Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana, China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous pockets in southern Europe. There are thought to be as many as 70 whistled languages still in use, though only 12 have been described and studied scientifically. This form of communication is an adaptation found among cultures where people are often isolated from each other, according to Julien Meyer, a researcher at the Institute of Human Sciences in Lyon, France. 'They are mostly used in mountains or dense forests, ' he says. 'Whistled languages are quite clearly defined and represent an original adaptation of the spoken language for the needs of isolated human groups?But with modern communication technology now widely available, researchers say whistled languages like Silbo are threatened with extinction. With dwindling numbers of Gomera islanders still fluent in the language, Canaries' authorities are taking steps to try to ensure its survival. Since 1999, Silbo Gomero has been taught in all of the island's elementary schools. In addition, locals are seeking assistance from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). {The local authorities are trying to get an award from the organisation to declare [Silbo Gomero] as something that should be preserved for humanity,' Carreiras adds.Questions 14-19Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 La Gomera is the most mountainous of all the Canary Islands.15 Silbo is only appropriate for short and simple messages.16 In the brain-activity study, silbadores and non-whistlers produced different results.17 The Spanish introduced Silbo to the islands in the 15th century.18 There is precise data available regarding all of the whistle languages in existence today.19 The children of Gomera now learn Silbo.Questions 20-26Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Environmental practices of big businessThe environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of us offends our sense of justice. Depending on the circumstances, a business may maximize the amount of money it makes, at least in the short term, by damaging the environment and hurting people. That is still the case today for fishermen in an unmanaged fishery without quotas, and for international logging companies with short-term leases on tropical rainforest land in places with corrupt officials and unsophisticated landowners. When government regulation is effective, and when the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and if the public doesn't care.It is easy for the rest of us to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and that publicly owned companies with shareholders are under obligation to those shareholders to maximize profits, provided that they do so by legal means. US laws make a company's directors legally liable for something termed 'breach of fiduciary responsibility' if they knowingly manage a company in a way that reduces profits. The car manufacturer Henry Ford was in fact successfully sued by shareholders in 1919 for raising the minimum wage of his workers to $5 per day: the courts declared that, while Ford's humanitarian sentiments about his employees were nice, his business existed to make profits for its stockholders.Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.The public can do that by suing businesses for harming them, as happened after the Exxon Valdez disaster, in which over 40,000 m3 of oil were spilled off the coast of Alaska. The public may also make their opinion felt by preferring to buy sustainably harvested products; by making employees of companies with poor track records feel ashamed of their company and complain to their own management; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease known as BSE, which was transmitted to humans through infected meat, the USgovernment's Food and Drug Administration introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But for five years the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a major fast-food company then made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers plummeted, the meat industry complied within weeks. The public's task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure: for instance, fast-food chains or jewelry stores, but not meat packers or gold miners.Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs, if any, of sound environmental practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, in all politically complex human societies, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced.To me, the conclusion that the public has the ultimate responsibility for the behavior of even the biggest businesses is empowering and hopeful, rather than disappointing. My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy. In the past, businesses have changed when the public came to expect and require different behavior, to reward businesses for behavior that the public wanted, and to make things difficult for businesses practicing behaviors that the public didn't want. I predict that in the future, just as in the past, changes in public attitudes will be essential for changes in businesses' environmental practices. Questions 27-31Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.Big businessesMany big businesses today are prepared to harm people and the environment in order to make money, and they appear to have no 27………….. . Lack of 28………….. by governments and lack of public 29………….. can lead to environmental problems such as 30………….. or theChoose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 32-34 on your answer sheet.32 The main idea of the third paragraph is that environmental damageA requires political action if it is to be stopped.B is the result of ignorance on the part of the public.C could be prevented by the action of ordinary people.D can only be stopped by educating business leaders.33 In the fourth paragraph, the writer describes ways in which the public canA reduce their own individual impact on the environment.B learn more about the impact of business on the environment.C raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters.D influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments.34 What pressure was exerted by big business in the case of the disease BSE?A Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.B A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.C Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.D A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce legislation.Questions 35-39Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this32 The public should be prepared to fund good environmental practices.33 There is a contrast between the moral principles of different businesses.34 It is important to make a clear distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.35 The public have successfully influenced businesses in the past.36 In the future, businesses will show more concern for the environment.Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.37 What would be the best subheading for this passage?A Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses?B How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit?C What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses?D Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment?参考答案1 water2 diet3 drought4 erosion5 desert6 (its/huarango/the) branches7 IN EITHER ORDER (BOTH REQUIRED FOR ONE MARK): leaves (and); bark8 (its/huarango/the) trunk9 NOT GIVEN10 FALSE11 TRUE12 FALSE13 NOT GIVEN14 NOT GIVEN15 FALSE16 TRUE17 FALSE18 FALSE19 TRUE20 words21 finger22 direction23 commands24 fires25 technology26 award27 D28 E29 F30H31B32 C33D34B35 YES36 NOT GIVEN37 NO38 YES39 NOT GIVEN40 D。
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析(15)
Where is snow usual in winter?______
第40题
When is the weather generally most variable?______
上一题下一题
(41~44/共13题)PASSAGE 1
Sleepy Students Perform Worse
A Your passport.
B Your children´s passports.
C Your Police Registration Certificate.
D A letter from your college or university saying that you are on a full-time course of study, or that you will be beginning one.
第30题
What Masters´ course does Clare plan to take?______
上一题下一题
(31~35/共10题)SECTION 4
Complete the information in the table using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
B The study, unveiled Thursday at an American Medical Association science writers meeting, was conducted on healthy children who had no evidence of sleep--or learning-related disorders. Difficulty paying attention was among the problems the sleepy youngsters faced—raising the question of whether sleep deprivation could prove even worse for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Fallone now is studying that question, and suspects that sleep problems "could hit children with ADHD as a double whammy."
2021年5月15日雅思阅读考试真题答案
2021年5月15日雅思阅读考试真题答案想要顺利的通过雅思考试，了解雅思的考试真题是非常有必要的，对于在阅读部分有困难的同学，可以去做一下考试的真题，分享了2021年5月15日雅思阅读考试真题答案。
Passage1：噪音难易度：难题型：填空+匹配+单选1. 85 dBa2. hearing （impairment）3. high-frequency4. stomach （contractions）5. noise map6. B7. D8. C9. E10. A11. C12. D13. CPassage2：复活灭绝动物难易度：难题型：段落匹配+填空+人名匹配待回忆Passage3：电视难易度：一般题型：段落匹配+单选+人名匹配28-32 段落匹配28.ii29.vi30.vii31.i32.v33-35 单选33.A34.D35.C36-40 人名匹配36.D37.E38.A39.C40.F1.词汇第一个影响雅思阅读分数的因素就是词汇。
必须在阅读文章中记忆，每篇文章做完题目，要整理一下单词，然后再运用到阅读其他文章中去，这叫从阅读中来，会阅读中去。
效果比较明显。
不要盲目地扩充大量单词，要有针对性，针对雅思阅读，要知道雅思阅读常考那些词。
这可从广泛接触雅思阅读文章中，对单词有感觉。
2.语法第二个是语法。
阅读中很多题目是在考查语法，都是暗地里考。
特别是主观题，还有题目与原文的一些改写，都是建立在语法的基础上的。
我们要注意一些关系，比如说对比对照关系，因果关系，因为两事物一旦有了关系，就热闹了，就比较好出题了。
3.逻辑关系第三个是逻辑关系。
雅思有个别难题不光是考查大家的英文水平，同时还在考查大家的逻辑思维能力。
有些题目就是在这个环节出了问题，全部单词都认识，就是题做不对。
这样的题多是判断题和单选题。
4.文章的背景第四个是文章的背景。
这是影响雅思阅读分数最不明显的因素。
雅思阅读文章的背景我们也要熟悉，比如交通能源污染，这是雅思考试永恒的话题。
2021年雅思考试模拟试题以及答案
2021年雅思考试模拟试题以及答案PART I DICTATION [15 MIN, 15 POINTS]DIRECTIONS: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During thefirst reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.[15 POINTS]正确答案：Teacher-student RelationshipThe relationship between a teacher and a student can be either good or bad, helpful or harmful. Either way, the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his life. A good teacher-student relationship will make the teacher’ job worthwhile. A bad relationship can discouragethe student from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task.In order to have a food teacher-student relationship, respect between teacher and student is very important. If the teacher is too strict , he frightens the student. If the teacher is too friendly, the student may become lazy and stop learning hard. The teacher’s attitude and approach should be in between those extremes. As for the student, his proper respect to the teacher must to show the time. He should be eager to learn and willing to working hard.In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be beneficial to both. The student absorbs knowledge eagerly and enjoyable, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his work.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [65 MIN, 40 POINTS]DIRECTIONS: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 2 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.[ 3 POINTS]2、Why doesn’t Bob spend his holiday in May? [1']A、He won’t have enough money saved up thenB、He has been booked up already.C、He likes to stay at home during the holiday.D、He doesn’t like to go abroad for holiday.正确答案：A3、Where will Bob spend his holiday in September if he can afford it? [1']A、Abroad.B、 At home.C、 At the coast.D、 In the country.正确答案：A4、What is Richard’s plan for his holiday this year? [1']A、He is going to Norway in May.B、He’s booked up for he has to study at schoolC、He’ll go abroad in August.D、He’ll go to the coast in the summer.正确答案：CQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.[ 4 POINTS]5、What day of the week is it? [1']A、Thursday.B、Friday.C、Saturday.D、Sunday.正确答案：A6、What is Michael planning to do on Saturday afternoon? [1']A、Go out with some friends.B、Show his sister and brother-in-law around.C、Sleep all afternoon.D、Go to a football game.正确答案：D7、Why does the woman think it is good that the best will be early? [1']A、They will have time to study for it.B、Afternoons are bad times for textsC、After it, they can study for other exams.D、They can start planning for their semester break.正确答案：C8、Which of the following is probably true of the final? [1']A、She has no or few plans for the weekend.B、She’d like to go out with the man.C、She is going to be busy all day Sunday.D、She is worried about her performance on the final.正确答案：AQuestions 9 to 12 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.[ 4 POINTS]9、What advice has the hospital probably given to the woman before she went into hospital? [1']A、Bringing only the necessitiesB、 Bringing all the stuffs she may needC、Bringing her own cupboard to the hospital.D、No need to bring anything with her正确答案：A10、How many visiting hours are allowed every day? [1']A、 1 hour.B、2 hourC、3 hour.D、4 hour.正确答案：B11、Why does the nurse tell the patient to make sure that only one of her relatives or friends phones in each day to find out how she is? [1']A、Because too many calls will annoy the doctors.B、Because too many calls will make the lines congested.C、Because too many calls will disturb the patients.D、 Because there is only one phone in the ward.正确答案：B12、Which of the followings is NOT the hospital’s rule? [1']A、Only two people are allowed to visit the patient at one timeB、No alcohol is allowed in the hospital.C、 No smoking is allowed in the hospital.D、The patient should wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning.abbc正确答案：CQuestions 13 to 14 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will begiven 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.[ 2 POINTS]13、They went on holiday in two countries. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：A14、They didn’t have their car checked because they believed there was nothing wrong with their car. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：ASECTION B PASSAGEIn this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questionsthat follow.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.[ 3 POINTS]Ladies and gentlemen, we’ve commenced our descent in the Sydney Airport and we’ll depart outside the terminal building about 30 minutes from now. For those of you visiting the city for the first time, I have some information for you. The distance from the airport to the center of Sydney is approximately 10 km. Taxis are available. You’ll find taxis right outside the terminal building. The cost of Taxis trip to the city is about 12 Australian dollars. There is the coach service available and the cost of the journey to the city and major hotels is 6 dollars for adults and 2 dollars and 50 cents for children. There is also the open yellow bus No.300 to the city at a cost of 3 dollars for adults or 1 dollar 50 cents for the children. Banking facilities are available outside the Customs Hall. Hotel booking facilities can be found at the Travelers Information Service. I’d like to remind you when you leave Sydney Airport on the next internationalflight; you’ll be required to pay a Departure Tax of 10 dollars. Thank you.15、Where is the announcement made? [1']A、On an airplane.B、 In a coach to the city.C、Near the terminal building.D、In the waiting room.正确答案：A16、Where are the banking facilities available? [1']A、Near the airport hotel.B、At the travelers’ information desk.C、Outside the Customs Hall.D、In the center of the city.正确答案：C17、What does the announcer finally remind the passengers of? [1']A、The departure tax they have to pay on their next international flight.B、 The distance they have to travel from the airport to the center.C、The prices the major hotels charge.D、The place where taxis are waiting to be hired.正确答案：AQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.[ 3 POINTS]18、 What is rhythm in literature according to the passage? [1']A、A special use of words.B、The arrangement of ideas.C、The regular occurrence of certain elements of writingD、 The exploration of sound effects.正确答案：A19、 Compared with a child’s response, an adult’s response to rhythm in music would be____ [1']A、 less naturalB、 more activeC、more restrainedD、 less indifferent正确答案：C20、Which of he following statements is NOT made in the passage? [1']A、 Human being is rhythmical physiologically and emotionally.B、Rhythm is what differentiates humans from other animals.C、 Human being seems to be born with a love for rhythm.D、Good literature must be rhythmical because human life is rhythmical.正确答案：BQuestions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage. Atthe end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.[ 4 POINTS]21、Where will the passengers stop for twenty minutes? [1']A、The White House.B、Capitol Hill.C、The Washington Monument.D、The Mall.正确答案：C22、What are the tourists able to do when they get to the Washington Monument? [1']A、Take the elevator up to the topB、Get to the observation level.C、Take pictures from high up.D、All of the above.正确答案：D23、Which of the following can not be learnt from the passage? [1']A、Madison Drive is a street.B、The tourists have just visited Capitol Hill.C、the Air & Space Museum and the National Gallery are not on the same side of the street.D、the Mall is a park.正确答案：D24、The tour route is________. [1']A、Capitol Hill—the Washington Monument—the White HouseB、the Capitol Building—the National Gallery—the Washington MonumentC、the Washington Monument—the Mall—the Air & Space MuseumD、the Washington Monument—Capitol Hill—the White House正确答案：AQuestions 25 to 28 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.[ 4 POINTS]25、The figures for both income-tax revenues and benefits paid out from 2000 to 2050 made by the Social Security Administration are_________. [1']A、 not exaggeratedB、astronomicalC、encouragingD、discouraging正确答案：A26、The imbalance in the Social Security system is caused by many other factors except__________. [1']A、insufficient fundsB、the aging of the Baby BoomersC、life-extending medical advancesD、 the policy of earlier retirement正确答案：D27、The system established in 1935 was mainly designed to heop ___________. [1']A、the poor aged personsB、the homeless peeopleC、the disabled peopleD、the retired workers正确答案：A28、The life expectancy in 2001 is about ____________ years longer than that in the 1930s. [1']A、15B、16C、17D、18正确答案：DSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear several news broadcasts. Listen to the news broadcasts carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news broadcast. At the end of the news broadcast, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news broadcast.[ 2 POINTS]29、Who did the former chief weapons inspector of the UN criticize ? [1']A、Tony Blair.B、George Bush.C、 Hans BlixD、Saddam Hussein.正确答案：A30、 What can we infer from the news ? [1']A、The US and Britain have made a thorough examination on weapons before they started war.B、The UN weapons inspection has been in abeyance because of the war.C、The US and Britain have found evidence that Iraq owned some atomic weapons.D、 Hans Blix was criticized for giving wrong intelligence about weapons in Iraq.正确答案：BQuestions 31 to 32 are based on the following news broadcast. At the end of the news broadcast, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news broadcast.[ 2 POINTS]31、Which of the followings is NOT the content of the agreement? [1']A、The Mexican travelers are permitted to enter America with being photographed.B、The Mexican travelers cantravel into America with only identification documents.C、The Mexican travelers can travel to America much more conveniently than beforeD、The restrictions on all Mexicans visiting the United States will ba eased.正确答案：D32、what can we infer from the news? [1']A、President Bush supports this agreement.B、Congress has voted on the agreementC、Mexican President shows no interests in this agreement.D、There will be an election next year.正确答案：AQuestions 33 to 34 are based on the following news broadcast. At the end of the news broadcast, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news broadcast.[ 2 POINTS]33、.What id the main idea of this news item? [1']A、Italy decided to increase anti-terrorism measuresB、Italy would prohibit training people to use explosives for terrorism purposeC、The deadly bombings in London earlier shockedItailian government D、Some Italians participated the terrorist bombings in London正确答案：A34、What is the attitude of the Italian Prime Minister towards the measures?[1']A、SupportiveB、NeutralC、UnclearD、opponent正确答案：AQuestions 35 to 36 are based on the following news broadcast. At the end of the news broadcast, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news broadcast.[ 2 POINTS]35、What is NOT a purpose of the satellite? [1']A、To monitor Beijing’s construction.B、To monitor Beijing’s environment.C、To monitor Beijing’s traffic condition.D、To monitor possible terrorist activity in Beijing.正确答案：D36、 What will be the speed of the satellite? [1']A、It will orbit the earth every 600 minutes.B、It will orbit the earth every 100 minutes.C、 It will orbit the earth every 190 minutes.D、It was not mentioned in the news.正确答案：BQuestions 37 to 41 are based on the following news broadcast. At the end of the news broadcast, you will begiven 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news broadcast.[ 5 POINTS]37、The building was a symbol of racial segregation four decades ago. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：A38、The bus terminal will be truned into anagricultural museum. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：B39、The local authority is providing the museum with financial support. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：A40、 The museum is named after George Washington Carver. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：A41、The museum will include galleries devoted to the accomplishments of George Washington Carver. [1']A、TB、F正确答案：B。
雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析
雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析Time to cool itFrom The Economist print edition1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want tocool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them.He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter fora long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the componentsare getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operationis performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples theheat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking theprocessor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, thisgenerates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path ofphonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient thanparaelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutionsin North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor,and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurichis experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--thepart where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.(830 words)Questions 1-5Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.A. AppleB. IBMC. IntelD. Alex MischenkoE. Ali ShakouriF. Rama Venkatasubramanian1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.Questions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.Question 10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯heat sinks.C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above.Questions 11-14Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computermicroprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previouslyrecorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.Key and Explanations:1. DSee Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...2. CSee Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.3. FSee Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.4. ESee Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.5. BSee Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.6. TRUESee Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.7. FALSESee Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in moreefficient domestic fridges?8. FALSESee Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.9. NOT GIVENSee Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.10. DSee Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.11. heatSee Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.12. paraelectricSee Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.13. thermoelectricSee Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, asignificant body of researchers is already working on it.14. radiatorSee Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.。
雅思(听力)模拟试卷81(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（听力）模拟试卷81(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.听力原文：Narrator: You will hear a woman, called Tanya, talking to her friend, called Simon, who lives abroad. Tanya is planning to visit Simon. First, you have some time to look at Questions 1-4. You will see that there is an example which has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.Tanya: Hello.Simon: Hi, is that Tanya?Tanya: Yes ... Simon ... lovely to hear you! How are you?Simon: Very well ... and we’re so looking forward to seeing you.Tanya: So am I.Simon: Now I don’t have a lot of time, I’m afraid, so I wanted to make sure we’ve got all your details. Have you confirmed your flights?Tanya: Yes. I’m definitely coming on the twenty second of June.Simon: Excellent. Have you got your flight number?Tanya: Not with me, I’m afraid, but I promise I’ll email it...Narrator: Tanya promises to send her flight number, so flight number’has been written in the space.Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer Questions 1-4.Tanya: Hello.Simon: Hi, is that Tanya?Tanya: Yes ... Simon ... lovely to hear you! How are you?Simon: Very well... and we’re so looking forward to seeing you.Tanya: So am I.Simon: Now I don’t have a lot of time, I’m afraid, so I wanted to make sure we’ve got all your details. Have you confirmed your flights?Tanya: Yes I’m definitely coming on the twenty second of June.Simon: Excellent. Have you got your flight number?Tanya: Not with me, I’m afraid, but I promise I’ll email it... let me make a note of all this.Simon: Yes, do, because one of us will try to come and collect you from the airport, if we can. I presume you’ll be coming into Terminal One?Tanya: Aggh ... I don’t know ... I’ll have to find out which one it is...Simon: Yes ... you must... we don’t want to be waiting at the wrong one!Tanya: But hang on ... I’ll be arriving at about lunch time ... and that’ll mean you have to take time off work to pick me up. You really mustn’t do that.Simon: Look ... we’re not all that busy at work and if there’s a problem I can text you when you arrive and you can take a taxi.Tanya: OK...Simon: There’s a really good company called Pantera.Tanya: Can you spell that?Simon: It’s P-A-N-T-E-R-A. They have a stand at the airport ... you can’t miss it... and they’re really reliable.Tanya: Great, thanks... how far are you from the airport?Simon: About forty minutes.Tanya: And you’re near the city centre, aren’t you?Simon: We’re East of it actually ... don’t tell the driver city centre because you’ll really get caught up in traffic!Tanya: OK! And I’ll make sure I carry your address with me. Now have you got my mobile ... um ... cell phone number?Simon: Yes, you sent it last month.Tanya: But I tell you what... I don’t think I’ve got yours... I’d better have it now, just in case.Simon: OK ... and I changed it recently anyway. Ready? It’s zero seven seven six five, three two eight, four double one.Narrator: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at Questions 5-10. Now listen and answer Questions 5-10.Tanya: Thanks. Now,what should I pack ... ?Simon: Well, all the usual ... casual clothes mainly. Though you’d better bring an evening dress. We’ll be having at least one fancy dinner at a hotel restaurant.Simon: OK. Now, when you’re coming, unfortunately the weather’s not going to be brilliant.Tanya: I know, it’s the rainy season ... I’m bringing an umbrella.Simon: We have tons of those ... so don’t pack one, but pack a raincoat... a good one ‘cause we’ll try and get out for plenty of hikes.Tanya: OK, sure. Sounds super... just what I love. And I’d better remember to pack my sturdy walking shoes. Simon: Excellent idea ... it’s pretty rugged round here ... so they have to be tough!Tanya: I can imagine. I’m so looking forward to getting out. Oh Simon, before I forget, you recommended I read a book about your area ...Simon: Yeah.Tanya: What was the name again? I’d like to read it... to get an idea of the history, etc.Simon: It’s called ‘Mountain Lives’and it’s...Tanya: Hang on ... I’m just writing it down ... OK.Simon: ... and it’s by Rex Campbell.Tanya: Great, I’ll try and get hold of that.Simon: Well worth it.Tanya: Now the really important things are gifts.Simon: Oh don’t worry about that... just bring yourself...Tanya: I know but I’d like to get something for your parents. What about Janice ... I know she loves English tea.Simon: That’s very kind ... but she’s not drinking so much of that these days. But she’d love some chocolate ... you know her favourite.Tanya: Oh yes... that’d be nice ... I’ll do that. And Alec? Is he still into racing?Simon: Very much so.Tanya: I was thinking of bringing a calendar... you know, with horse-racing pictures.Simon: What a good idea ... he’d love that...Tanya: Great... so that’s about it I think.Simon: Yes, I think so ... so you’ll send me your number...Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. Notes for holiday Travel informationExampleWill email the flight number—must find out which 【L1】______arriving at—beet taxi company 【L2】______—Note: Simon lives in the 【L3】______.of the city—Simon’s cell phone number: 【L4】______What to pack(to wear)—casual clothes—one emart dress —to wear at a 【L5】______—a good 【L6】______—tough 【L7】______(to read)—try to find book named【L8】’______’ by Rex Campbell.(for presents)—for Janice: 【L9】______—for Alec: 【L10】______(with racing pictures)1．【L1】正确答案：terminal2．【L2】正确答案：Pantera3．【L3】正确答案：east4．【L4】正确答案：***********5．【L5】正确答案：hotel(restaurant)6．【L6】正确答案：raincoat7．【L7】正确答案：(walking)shoes8．【L8】正确答案：Mountain Lives9．【L9】正确答案：chocolate(s)10．【L10】正确答案：(a)calendar听力原文：Narrator: You will hear a podcast on Camber’s Theme Park. Now you have some time to look at Questions 11-16. Now listen, and answer Questions 11-16.Presenter: Welcome to Camber’s Park podcast. In the next few minutes, I’ll tell you a little about the park and the amazing things we have to offer.We like to think that Camber’s offers more than other theme parks. Like them, we have a variety of exciting rides for people of all ages, but Camber’s also places strong emphasis on the educational experience for its visitors... not boring facts but lots of interactive exhibits. Although it’s mainly an outdoor experience, we do have some indoor activities if the weather gets too dreadful.The park’s got a lovely well established feel, set in eighty acres of beautiful countryside about three miles south of the tourist resort of Dulchester. The park was set up in nineteen ninety seven by the Camber family but then taken over by new owners in two thousand and four, who have maintained the original vision of the Cambers. It has lots of old trees, hundreds of flower beds and a gorgeous lake.Camber’s has over forty- five different rides, exhibits and arcades. All but one of these is free once you have paid your entrance fee(we charge a small fee for our newest ride, to reduce the length of the queues). You don’t pay anything forparking. A family ticket—for a family of four—works out at about eight pounds per person, which is amazing value. Full details of current prices are shownon our website, along with full details of rides, etc., and directions for getting to us.We also have a number of special offers. For example, if you live locally, why not join our Adventurers’Club, which entitles you fifty percent off ticket prices all year round, and a special ‘lane’ for all rides and exhibits which means you don’t have to wait to get into any part of the park. See the Offers tab on the website.We’ve recently added a number of new exhibits to the park, and we’re particularly proud of our Future Farm Zone, which houses over twenty different species of animals, from chipmunks to dairy cows. The emphasis is on getting near to the animals—all of them can be petted and you can buy food for feeding the animals. Many of our younger visitors say that this is the high point of their visit!And speaking of food, don’t let the animals have all the fun. We have a total of seven different catering outlets on the site. We’re open ten to five thirty all year round and cold drinks and snacks can be bought at any time during opening hours. And hot food is available most of the day in the Hungry Horse cafe—from eleven until five—just half an hour before closing time.Narrator: Now you have some time to look at Questions 17-20. Now listen and answer Questions 17-20.Presenter: Now we want all our visitors to have an exciting time when they come to the park but our first priority must be safety. Parents and guardians know their children’s behaviour and capabilities. But here at the park we have set certain conditions for each of the rides to ensure that all visitors get the maximum enjoyment out of the experience and feel secure at all times. There are four major rides at the park. Our newest ride is the River Adventure which is designed to reproduce the experience of white-water rafting. No amount of protective clothing would make any difference so only go on this ride if you’re prepared to get wet! Children under eight can go on this ride, but all under sixteens must have an adult with them.Not all of our rides are designed for thrills and spills. Our Jungle Jim rollercoaster is a gentler version of the classic loop the loop, specially created for whole family enjoyment—from the smallest children to elderly grandparents, suitable for all levels of disability and health conditions. Carriages have comfortable seating for up to eight people, with safety belts for each passenger which must be worn at all times. Sit back and enjoy the scenery!One of the best established and most popular of Camber’s rides is the massive Swoop Slide. Whizz down the polished vertical slide nine metres in height and scream to your heart’s content. There are no age or height restrictions. Be careful though—you must have on long trousers so you won’t get any speed burns!And then there’s the famous Zip Go-kart stadium with sixteen carts: eight for single drivers and eight for kids preferring to ride along with mum, dad or carer. Take part in high-speed races in our specially designed Formula One-style karts—but no bumping other karts, please. All riders must be above one point two metres because they have to be able to reach the pedals... even in the shared karts.Full details of all safety features are available on our website at .So come and make a day of it at Camber’s Theme Park!Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.Camber’s Theme Park11．According to the speaker, in what way is Camber’s different from other theme parks?A．It’s suitable for different age groups.B．It offers lots to do in wet weather.C．It has a focus on education.正确答案：C12．The Park first opened inA．1980.B．1997.C．2004.正确答案：B13．What’s included in the entrance fee?A．most rides and parkingB．all rides and some exhibitsC．parking and all rides正确答案：A14．Becoming a member of the Adventurers Club meansA．you can avoid queuing so much.B．you can enter the park free for a year.C．you can visit certain zones closed to other people.正确答案：A15．The Future Farm zone encourages visitors toA．buy animals as pets.B．learn about the care of animals.C．get close to the animals.正确答案：C16．When is hot food available in the park?A．10:00 am-5:30 pmB．11:00 am-5:00 pmC．10:30 am-5:00 pm正确答案：BWhat special conditions apply to the following rides?Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F, next to the questions 17-20.Special conditions for visitorsA Must be over a certain ageB Must use special safety equipmentC Must avoid it if they have health problemsD Must wear a particular type of clothingE Must be over a certain heightF Must be accompanied by an adult if under 16Rides17．River Adventure______正确答案：F18．Jungle Jim Rollercoaster______正确答案：B19．Swoop Slide______正确答案：D20．Zip Go-carts______正确答案：E听力原文：Narrator: You will hear two business studies students discussing a presentation they’ll do on an article on working effectively in groups. First you have some time to look at Questions 21-26. Now listen, and answer Questions 21-26.Helen: So, Brad, what did you think of the article on group work?Brad: Oh hi, Helen ... yeah it was pretty good ... with helpful pieces of advice on how to make group work effective.Helen: I think we were lucky to be given such a straightforward text to present at the management skills seminar.Brad: Yeah ... actually shall we discuss it now ... have you got time?Helen: Sure ... it’s only a ten-minute presentation, so we just need to explain and then give our views on the main points raised in the article.Brad: I’ll jot down some notes ... Right.Helen: So, there are three main sections.I suggest we start with listening.Brad: Yeah ... effective listening in groups... because it’s not something that’s frequently covered on courses in our field ...Helen: No ... and we should say that in the presentation.Brad: Yeah ... And also effective listening’s pretty simple, you know, I don’t think it’s hard to learn.Helen: Well ... people think it’s easy, but in my experience most of us tend to be very lazy listeners.Brad: OK—I wouldn’t argue with that.Helen: Something I do think we should emphasise is the power of the listener’s posture, gestures, etc. in making speakers feel respected.Brad:... not that you’re just waiting for them to finish... before jumping in with your own ideas ...Helen: Ah ha.Brad: OK. Right... the next section is on goal setting—let’s make sure we’re clear what the article says on this.Helen: Yeah—well, firstly it savsthat all group members must be given time to explain their own goals.Brad: ... that’s it, yeah.Helen: ... and then did it say that the whole group should agree on common goals?Brad: That’s a bit too strong. It’s more that everyone’s agendas should be equally acceptable ... but it does say that goals have to be realistic, you know ...Helen: ... achievable within a particular time?Brad: You’ve got it. That’s really what the article’s saying. There isn’t really any point in having ‘ideals’ if group members know they won’t come to anything within a reasonable period ... So (I)think a summary covering those points will be enough for that part of the presentation, don’t you?Helen: Yep ... Now the last section is about conflict resolution.Brad: Actually, I thought it was the worst part of the article.Helen: Me too ...Brad: I don’t think it went into sufficient detail on the issue.Helen: Actually I thought it devoted too much space to it but that it was all rather boring, you know ...Brad: It didn’t mention some of the more radical theoriesHelen: Absolutely ...I found that really irritating. Brad: Right... and also I think it could have said more about conflict sometimes being healthy in groups... Helen: Absolutely ... it just mentioned rather glibly about how we should avoid thinking of winners and losers and that quick resolution of conflict is always desirable. Brad: Without explaining what these terms mean ... ? Helen: Well, it gives quite detailed definitions but doesn’t develop a proper argument.Brad: Right... So for the presentation, I think we just give some definitions and ...Helen: ... and then explain what we felt were the weaknesses in the article’s treatment of conflict resolution. Brad: Yeah ... good.Narrator: Now you have some time to look at Questions 27-30. Now listen and answer Questions 27-30.Brad: So, let’s think about what we have to prepare for the actual presentation.Helen: Well, I suppose we’ll use PowerPoint ... but I’m hopeless at using it, especially if it has any visuals. I really have to look into doing a course on it because I know I’ll need it in the future.Brad: Don’t worry, I’m quite happy using PowerPoint and I’ll put it together when everything else is ready.Helen: That’s a relief... but, yes, do that later.Brad: OK. Now, I heard the tutor saying we have to include some well chosen quotations from the article?Helen: I’m not sure if we do ... I’ll email him to find out.Brad: No need, I can just have a look at the specs he gave us when he set the task ...Helen: That’ll be quicker.Brad: But the tutor definitely said we have to prepare a handout to go with the talk ... I’m not really sure how we do that.Helen: Sarah did one last year...Brad: Who’s she?Helen: She’s doing the same option as me on marketing. I’ll ask her advice on what to include.Brad: Great. So that just leaves the bibliography at the end. I suppose it’ll mainly be articles.Helen: Yeah. So we’ll just look on the web ... and we can leave that till later.Brad: But we’ve been advised against that...Helen: Well, we could have a look through some journals in the library.Brad: I think we should start by looking through module handbooks. I think that’ll give us some good leads.Helen: Yeah ... you’re probably right. So, that’s all the ...Choose TWO letters, A-E.What TWO things do Brad and Helen agree to say about listening in groups? A Listening skills are often overlooked in business training.B Learning to listen well is a skill that’s easy for most people to learn.C It’s sometimes acceptable to argue against speakers.D Body language is very important when listening.E Listeners should avoid interrupting speakers.21．A．B．C．D．E．正确答案：A22．A．B．C．D．E．正确答案：DChoose TWO letters, A-E.What TWO things does the article say about goal-setting? A Meetings should start with a clear statement of goals. B It’s important for each individual’s goals to be explained. C Everybody in the group should have the same goals. D Goals should be a mix of the realistic and the ideal. E Goals must always to be achievable within a set time.23．A．B．C．D．E．正确答案：B24．A．B．C．D．E．正确答案：EChoose TWO letters, A-E.What TWO things do Brad and Helen agree are weak points in the article’s section on conflict resolution?A It doesn’t explore the topic in enough detail.B It only discusses conservative views.C It says nothing about the potential value of conflict.D It talks too much about ‘winners and losers’.E It doesn’t provide definitions of key terms.25．A．B．C．D．E．正确答案：B26．A．B．C．D．E．正确答案：CWhat actions do Brad and Helen agree to do regarding the following preparation tasks?Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F, next to the number.ActionA Contact the tutor for clarification.B Check the assignment specifications.C Leave it until the last task.D Ask a course-mate to help.E Find information on the Internet.F Look through course handbooks.Preparation tasks 27．Preparing the powerpoint______.正确答案：C28．Using direct quotations______正确答案：B29．Creating a handout______正确答案：D30．Drawing up a bibliography______正确答案：F听力原文：Narrator: You will hear a lecturer talking to a group of engineering students about the design of a greenhouse. Before you listen, you have some time to look at Questions 31-40. Now listen, and answer Questions 31-40.Lecturer: Good afternoon. This is the first of a series of lectures I’ll be giving about engineering for sustainable development. I’ll be presenting examples of engineering projects from a variety of contexts, and today I’m going to talk about a project to design a new kind of greenhouse for use in the Himalayan mountain regions.First of all, I’ll tell you about the problem which was the context for this project. In the Himalayan mountains, fresh vegetables and other crops can only be grown outside for about ninety days, during the summer, because the altitude of the region is around three thousand five hundred metres, and because the rainfall is so low. In winter, temperatures fall below minus twenty-five degrees celcius, so fresh vegetables have to be imported. They arrive by truck in summer or by air in winter, which makes them expensive. Local people rely on dried leafy vegetables and stored root crops during the winter, and rarely eat fresh vegetables.But despite the sub-zero temperatures, the skies over the region are cloudless, and there are over three hundred sunny days per year. So an engineering solution was needed, to exploit the sun’s energy and protect locally produced plants from freezing during winter. And in fact, there had been programmes in the past to provide greenhouses, but these were unsuccessful. The greenhouses weren’t adapted for local conditions, so they tended to fall into disuse.So, a few years ago, a project was initiated to design a better greenhouse, one which would meet thecriteria for sustainability.Lecturer: So, what are the criteria for sustainability? Well, first of all, the new greenhouse is designed to be relatively simple, so construction is cheap. Locally available materials are used wherever possible. The walls are generally constructed of mud bricks, made locally, although in areas of high snow-fall more resilient walls of stone are needed. Rammed earth is also used. The main roof is generally made from locally available poplar wood, with water-resistant local grass for the covering. In addition, the construction and maintenance of the greenhouse is done by local craftsmen. So local stone masons are employed to build the greenhouse walls, and specialised training is provided for them wherever necessary. Then... the greenhouse is designed to run on solar power alone, there’s no supplementary heating. And lastly, families are selected to own one of the new greenhouses with great care. They have to have a site which is suitable for constructing it on. They also have to be keen to make a success of using it, and also to share the produce with the wider community through sale or barter. Potential owners are taken to see existing greenhouses before they make a final decision about having one.So, those are the features which make the project sustainable. And now I’ll briefly describe the design of the greenhouse. The greenhouses are orientated very carefully along an East-West axis, so that there’s a long South-facing side. The transparent cover on the South-facing side is made from a heavy-duty polythene, which should last for at least five years. On the inside of the greenhouse, the walls are painted—the rear and west-facing walls are black, to improve heat absorption, but the east-facing wall is white to reflect the morning sunlight onto the crops inside. Finally, there’s a door in the wall at one end, and vents are incorporated into the roof, the door and the wall at the other end, to enable control of humidity and prevent overheating.I’ll turn now to the benefits which have resulted from the introduction of these new greenhouses. These benefits are of various kinds, but for now I’ll just mention the social benefits.First of all, people who own a greenhouse gain social standing in their communities, because they provide vegetables for the wider community, for regular consumption as well as for festivals, and they also earn income. Secondly, because in rural areas it is women who usually grow the food, the greenhouses have increased their opportunities. They bring the benefits of improved nutrition, and increased family income, from the sale of surplus produce. And thirdly, as a result of their improved financial position, some families can now afford to educate their children for the first time.Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project(Himalayan mountain region)Problem Short growing season because of high altitude and low 【L31】______ Freeh vegetabiee imported by lorry or by 【L32】______, so are expensive Need to use eunlight to prevent local plants from 【L33】______ Previous programmes to provide greenhouses were 【L34】______Hew greenhouseMeets criteria for sustainability Simple and 【L35】______to build Made mainly from local materials(mud or stone for the walls, wood and 【L36】______for the roof) Building and maintenance done by local craftsmen Runs solely on 【L37】______energy Only families who have a suitable 【L38】______can own oneDesign long side faces south Strong polythene cover inner 【L39】______are painted black or whiteSocial benefits Owners’ status is improved Rural 【L40】______have greater opportunities More children are educated31．【L31】正确答案：rainfall32．【L32】正确答案：air/plane33．【L33】正确答案：freezing34．【L34】正确答案：unsuccessful35．【L35】正确答案：cheap/inexpensive36．【L36】正确答案：grass37．【L37】正确答案：solar38．【L38】正确答案：site/location/place39．【L39】正确答案：walls40．【L40】正确答案：women。
雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编15(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编15(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF FOOD PROMOTION TO CHILDRENThis review was commissioned by the Food Standards Agency to examine the current research evidence on: the extent and nature of food promotion to children the effect, if any, that this promotion has on their food knowledge, preferences and behaviour.A Children’s food promotion is dominated by television advertising, and the great majority of this promotes the so-called ‘Big Four’of pre-sugared breakfast cereals, soft-drinks, confectionary and savoury snacks. In the last ten years advertising for fast food outlets has rapidly increased. There is some evidence that the dominance of television has recently begun to wane. The importance of strong, global branding reinforces a need for multi-faceted communications combining television with merchandising, tie-ins’and point of sale activity. The advertised diet contrasts sharply with that recommended by public health advisors, and themes of fun and fantasy or taste, rather than health and nutrition, are used to promote it to children. Meanwhile, the recommended diet gets little promotional support.B There is plenty of evidence that children notice and enjoy food promotion. However, establishing whether this actually influences them is a complex problem. The review tackled it by looking at studies that had examined possible effects on what children know about food, their food preferences, their actual food behaviour(both buying and eating), and their health outcomes(eg. obesity or cholesterol levels). The majority of studies examined food advertising, but a few examined other forms of food promotion. In terms of nutritional knowledge, food advertising seems to have little influence on children’s general perceptions of what constitutes a healthy diet, but, in certain contexts, it does have an effect on more specific types of nutritional knowledge. For example, seeing soft drink and cereal adverts reduced primary aged children’s ability to determine correctly whether or not certain products contained real fruit.C The review also found evidence that food promotion influences children’s food preferences and their purchase behaviour. A study of primary school children, for instance, found that exposure to advertising influenced which foods they claimed to like; and another showed that labelling and signage on a vending machine had an effect on what was bought by secondary school pupils. A number of studies have also shown that food advertising can influence what children eat. One, for example, showed that advertising influenced a primary class’s choice of daily snack at playtime.D The next step, of trying to establish whether or not a link exists between food promotion and diet or obesity, is extremely difficult as it requires research to be done in real world settings. A number of studies have attempted this by using amount of television viewing as a proxy for exposure to television advertising. They have established a clear link between television viewing and diet, obesity, and cholesterol levels. It is impossible to say, however, whether this effect is caused by theadvertising, the sedentary nature of television viewing or snacking that might take place whilst viewing. One study resolved this problem by taking a detailed diary of children’s viewing habits. This showed that the more food adverts they saw, the more snacks and calories they consumed.E Thus the literature does suggest food promotion is influencing children’s diet in a number of ways. This does not amount to proof; as noted above with this kind of research, incontrovertible proof simply isn’t attainable. Nor do all studies point to this conclusion; several have not found an effect. In addition, very few studies have attempted to measure how strong these effects are relative to other factors influencing children’s food choices. Nonetheless, many studies have found clear effects and they have used sophisticated methodologies that make it possible to determine that i)these effects are not just due to chance; ii)they are independent of other factors that may influence diet, such as parents’ eating habits or attitudes; and iii)they occur at a brand and category level.F Furthermore, two factors suggest that these findings actually downplay the effect that food promotion has on children. First, the literature focuses principally on television advertising; the cumulative effect of this combined with other forms of promotion and marketing is likely to be significantly greater. Second, the studies have looked at direct effects on individual children, and understate indirect influences. For example, promotion for fast food outlets may not only influence the child, but also encourage parents to take them for meals and reinforce the idea that this is a normal and desirable behaviour.G This does not amount to proof of an effect, but in our view does provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an effect exists. The debate should now shift to what action is needed, and specifically to how the power of commercial marketing can be used to bring about improvements in young people’s eating.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the most suitable heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate number, i-x, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi General points of agreements and disagreements of researchersii How much children really know about foodiii Need to take actioniv Advertising effects of the “Big Four”v Connection of advertising and children’s weight problemsvi Evidence that advertising affects what children buy to eatvii How parents influence children’s eating habitsviii Advertising’s focus on unhealthy optionsix Children often buy what they wantx Underestimating the effects advertising has on children1．Paragraph A正确答案：viii解析：作为开头段落，该段落前半部分先介绍了常见的面向儿童的广告内容，例如“Big Four”，而且介绍了食品促销的现状。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
How long do people have to appeal a decision?______
上一题下一题
(21~25/共10题)SECTION 3
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each gap.
A Your passport.
B Your children´s passports.
C Your Police Registration Certificate.
D A letter from your college or university saying that you are on a full-time course of study, or that you will be beginning one.
第23题
Clare studied ______ at university.
第24题
Clare felt she would be more ______ if she was further from her family.
第25题
Clare chose Infrastructure as one of her ______ optional courses.
Where can you download the FLRS application form?______
第18题
Which postal service should you use when sending your application?______
第19题
Which organisation has a 24-hour emergency line?______
第8题
It is not necessary to be ______ on the lower floor of the library.
第9题
What is on the upper floor of the library?______
第10题
It is not always necessary to make an appointment to use the ______ room.
Play00:0004:18
Volume
第21题
The professor already knows something about Clare from her ______.
第22题
The professor wants to ask Clare about her experience and ______.
Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS/NUMBERS for each answer.
第5题
How many other UK universities have libraries open 24 hours?______
______
第15题
______
第16题
______
上一题下一题
(17~20/共10题)SECTION 2
Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.
第17题
Decide which three things ALL applicants MUST send when extending their leave to remain. Write the appropriate letters in boxes 14, 15 and 16 in any order.
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（15）
(1~4/共10题)SECTION 1
Complete the following information.
图片
Play00:0004:01
Volume
第1题
______
第2题
______
第3题
______
第4题
______
下一题
(5~7/共10题)SECTION 1
上一题下一题
(26~30/共10题)SECTION 3
E Bank statements covering the past three months.
F A recent passport-sized photograph of yourself.
G Recyour children.
第14题
上一题下一题
(11~13/共10题)SECTION 2
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS for each gap.
Play00:0006:52
Volume
第11题
Students on courses lasting over a year are usually given until ______ to leave the country.
第6题
What size photocopies are available at the library?______
第7题
How many entries are there on the library database?______
上一题下一题
(8~10/共10题)SECTION 1
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.
第12题
You should send your application ______ before your permission expires.
第13题
Your application must only include ______ documents.
上一题下一题
(14~16/共10题)SECTION 2