PETS(公共英语)四级语法

PETS第四级重点语法资料
1、It做形式主语
1）It可以用作先行词，作为句子形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后部去。

这种it成为先行主语（Preparatory Subject）。

这样可以使句子变得更平稳，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。

可移到句子后部去的主语最常见的是不定式。

句子谓语主要有下面几种类型：
a、be+形容词+不定式：
It is easy to criticize others.批评别人是容易的。

（比较：To criticize others is easy）
It’s nice not to be dependent on them.不依靠他们是好的。

b、b e+名词+不定式：
It was his duty to take care of the orphans.照顾孤儿是他的职责。

It’s a privilege to visit your country.访问贵国是一大荣幸。

c、be+介词短语+不定式：
It was against my principle to do that.做这样的事有悖我的原则。

It’s beyond me to say why.我无法说明原因。

d、及物动词+宾语+不定式：
It cost 100 dollars to repair the car.修车花了一百美元。

It takes two to make a quarrel.一个巴掌拍不响。

It makes me sick to think about that.想起那事就让我恶心。

不定式前有时可有for引导的短语，表示其逻辑上的主语：
What time would it be most convenient for me to call again?什么时候我再来方便？
It’s getting harder every day for a poor man to get a living.穷人维持生计日益困难。

2）用it作先行主语，代表动名词的情况也不少，这类句子用“be+名词”作谓语时最多，也可以“be+形容词”或其他结构作谓语。

a、It’s no use studying for an exam at the last minute.临时抱佛脚来应考是没用的。

It’s no good standing here in the cold. Let’s go home.在这寒风中站着没好处，咱们回去吧。

b、It is worthwhile quarrelling with him?和他吵值得吗？
It’s hopeless trying to convince her.想说服她是没有希望的。

c、It doesn’t matter waiting a few days.再等几天没有关系。

It doesn’t make any difference my being there.是否在那里无所谓。

3）用it可以引导强调句：
It was Peter who lent us the money.是Peter借了钱给我们。

It’s today that he’s going.它是今天走。

（不是明天）
4）如果将it+be置于find/think(that)之后，通常be和that可省略：
He thought (that) it (would be) better to say nothing.他认为不说话为妙。

2、形容词比较级的特殊用法
形容词比较急有些特殊用法，例如：
1）more…than有时可以把两种品质加以比较，表示“更多…而不是”：
This is more a war movie than a western.这应当说是一部战争片而不是西部片。

2）more and more 这里结构可表示“越来越”：
The story gets more and more exciting.故事变得越来越激动人心。

3）the more…the more可表示“越是…越…”
The warmer the weather, be better I feel.天气越暖和我感觉越舒服。

4）more than常用在数词前，表示“超过…”“…多”：
He can’t be more than thirty.他不可能超过三十岁。

More than 800 people attended the concert.八百多人出席了音乐会。

5）less than常表示“不到…”或（美）“不太”：
In less than a week, the MS was ready.不到一周稿子就准备好了。

I bought it for less than a dollar.我买它花了还不到一美元。

6）no less than表示“多达”、“不少于”：
He won no less than 500 pounds.他赢了不少于五百英镑。

Its population is no less than two million.它的人口多达两百万。

7）more or less表示“基本上”、“大体上”或“大约”：
The work is more or less finished.这项工作基本上完成了。

3、现在分词和过去分词
英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成，过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成，现在分词表示正在进行或主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成或被动意义，两者之间既有相同之处，又有区别。

1）现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词则表示完成的动作，如：
falling leaves正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves 落叶（已落下的树叶）
boiling water 沸水（正在沸腾的水）boiled water 开水（以烧开的水，可能已凉了）
developing country 发展中国家（正在发展的）developed country 发达国家（发展完了的）2）现在分词表示主动的意义，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者，过去分词表示被动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者，如：
an exciting film 一个激动人心的电影excited audiences 激动的观众
I heard someone closing the door.我听见有人在关门。

I heard the door closed.我听见门被关了。

3）分词的否定式（由“not+分词”构成）
Not daring to speak, they sat there silent.他们不敢说话，坐在那里一声不吭。

Not having found the wallet, he dared not go home.他没有找到钱包，不敢回家去。

He escaped, not seen by anyone.他逃走了，没有人看见。

4、情态动词+have done
情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+have done”，表示对过去行为或动作表示推测、评论或判断。

这个结构是近几年PETS考试中情态动词的重点和难点。

一、在虚拟语气中的用法
1、should have done表示“过去本应该做某事却未做”。

其否定结构should‘t have done表示“过去本不该做某事却做了”。

2、ought to have done表示表示“过去本应该做某事却未做”。

其否定结构oughtn‘t to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了”。

3、need have done表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做”。

其否定结构needn‘t have done表示“过去本没必要做某事却做了”。

4、could（不能用can）have done表示“过去本能够做某事却未做”。

注意：其否定形式couldn ‘t have done没有虚拟语气的用法。

couldn’t have done只能表推测，相当于can’t have done，意为：“过去不可能做了某事”。

5、might（不能用may）have done表示“过去本可以做某事却未做”。

注意：其否定形式might not have done没有虚拟语气的用法，might not have done只能表推测，相当于may not have done，意为：“过去可能没有做某事”。

二、表推测的用法
1、must have done
表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。

不存在mustn’t have done的形式。

其否定或疑问形式须用can(could)来表示。

例如：
Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。

He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.他不可能迷路。

我（当时）给他画了张图。

2、may/might have done
May/might have done表示“过去可能做了某事”。

may比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。

may/might not have done表示“过去可能没有做某事”。

例如：
I can’t find my keys. I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.
我找不到我的钥匙了。

我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。

John may/might not have passed the exam, he looks very sad.
John可能没有通过考试。

他看起来很忧伤。

注意：may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中。

3、can/could have done表推测，一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示不相信或怀疑的态度。

Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过考试了吗？
I think that he couldn’t/can’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
我认为他不可能出国了。

我刚才还看见他了。

注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性是，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may 更次之，might最小。

例如：
I wonder how Tom knew about your past.我想知道Tom是怎么知道你的过去的。

He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary.
他肯定/很可能/可能/也许已从Mary那儿听说此事了。

5、动词不定式
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

To complete the 30-storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

如：
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
A. It is+形容词+(for/of sb.)+不定式，如：
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
B. It is+名词+不定式
It is a pity to have to go without her.
C. It takes (sb.) some time +不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
2、不定式作表语
不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词(idea, task, purpose)等,如：The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.
3、不定式作宾语
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
4、“wh-+不定式”结构
不定式前加一个疑问代词（what, which, who, whom, whose）或疑问副词（where, when, how, why），以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常常在某些动词后面作宾语。

I couldn’t decide which book to choose.
I can tell you where to get this book.
“wh-word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。

如：
When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plan into practice.
5、不定式作状语
A.不定式作状语表示目的。

或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。

如：
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
B.不定式表示结果，特别是在so…as to, such…as to, only to…以及too…to等结构中的不定式表示结果。

如：
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.
No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
C.不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成词组，如：
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6、不定式作宾语补语不定式长跟在动词之后作宾语补语，如：
He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
I’d never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, 感官动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。

如：
Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
7、不定式作定语
A.不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。

不定式常作名词定语，如：
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
B.由only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。

如：
Mr Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.
I don’t think he is the best one to do the work.
8）不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：
would rather…than（宁愿…也不），had better…（最好），can’t help but…（不得不），had rather…（宁愿），cannot but…（不得不，必然），may/might as well…（不妨），let alone（更不用说）。

如：
I can’t help but wish that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
9）不定式的完成式to have done表示在谓语动词之前已经发生的动作，而不定式的一般式to do 表示动作将要发生。

不定式还有其被动形式：to be done（表示将来的被动动作）和to have been done （表示过去的被动动作）。

6、动名词
1、在某些动词后面只能用动名词，如：
He hasn’t finished reading the novel. 他还没有看完那部小说。

We must practice speaking English. 我们必须练习讲英语。

2、某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。

如：
He stopped singing.他停止唱歌。

She tried pushing the door.她试着推门。

He stopped to sing.他停下来去唱歌。

She tried to push the door.她试图把门推开。

She remembered posting (having posted) the letter at the post-office.
她记得在邮局寄了那封信。

She remembered to post the letter at the post-office.
她记得要在邮局寄那封信。

3、下列短语中的to是介词，其后跟动名词，不跟不定式。

be(get) used to 习惯于；look forward to 盼望；pay attention to 注意；get down to 开始认真做；lead to 通向、导致；prefer doing…to doing…宁愿做…而不愿做…；stick to 坚持；devote one’s life(time, oneself) to 献身于、致力于；object to 反对；in addition to…除…之外；on the way to…在去…的路上、正要成为…
4、在动词need, want, require后面，用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意义。

用不定式时要用它的被动
形式，如：
The house needs repairing. 房子需要修理
5、be worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，如：
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读一读。

6、一些动词短语如feel like, can’t help等后需要接动名词，如：
I don’t feel like going to see a film. 我不想去看电影。

The child couldn’t help laughing when he saw the monkey.这孩子看到猴子不禁笑了起来。

7、动名词除了其一般式doing，还有完成时having done以及一般式的被动形式being done和完成式
的被动形式having been done；动名词前可以加上逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构：one’s doing。

例如：
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. 非常抱歉，我没能遵守诺言。

（not having kept my promise发生在am sorry之前）
Do you mind Mary being left alone at home? 你介意Mary被单独一个人留在家里吗？
7、主谓一致
1、主语是抽象概念短语或从句作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

Collecting stamps is my favorite hobby.（动名词短语作主语）
That we have made such progress is a fact.（从句作主语）
2、what或which引导的主语从句的句子，谓语动词或系动词与表语的数一致。

What I want is a new bicycle. Which are your pictures?
3、两个以上的主语用and或both连接时，谓语用复数形式。

例如：
Both Tom and Dick are good friends.
4、and所连接的两个词如指同一主体时，谓语则用单数形式。

例如：
A singer and dancer was present at the party today.
A singer and a dancer were present at the party today.
5、集体名词作为整体意义时，谓语用单数形式，若指成员意义时，谓语则用复数形式。

例如：
My family is a big one. My family are watching TV now.
6、主语是单数后面跟有as well as, with, together, like, but, except等短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

（1）Kelly as well as the other students has learned how to type.
（2）Our school, with some few schools, was built in the 1960s.
7、两个主语由not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor相连接时，在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后者，在疑问句中取决于前者，例如：
Not only my parents but also my teacher has been to the party.
Either he or I am to go there.
Neither the students nor the teacher likes the film.
8、people, police, cattle（牛群）, militia（民兵）作主语时，谓语用复数形式。

例如：
The police are still running after the murderer.
The cattle are grazing(放牧) in the fields.
9、half of+单数名词时，谓语用单数形式；half of+复数名词时，谓语用复数形式。

例如：
Half of the apple is rotten. Half of the apples are rotten.
10、书名、国名等名词作主语时，谓语用单数
Hamlet was written by Shakespear.
The United States is a large country.
11、each, either, neither等代词作主语时，谓语动词为单数；both做代词主语时，谓语用复数；none 接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，接可数名词复数时谓语单复均可。

12、the+形容词作主语时，谓语用复数形式。

The rich are not always happy though they have much money.
13、成对名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，需要用冠词时只用一个，例如：
A knife and fork is on the table. Success and failure is common in life.
14、复合不定代词及many a+名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

（表示复数意义）例如：
Everyone says it is a good film. Many a student likes it.
15、金钱、时间、重量、长度和距离等名词的复数形式作主语，谓语用单数变化。

例如：
Five minutes is enough. 100 dollars seems to much for the coat.
16、who, which, thar引导定语从句作主语时，谓语变化取决于其代表的先行词的数，例如：
He is one of the students who were late this morning. All that glitters is not gold.
17、more than one+名词作主语时谓语用单数形式。

例如：
More than one student was late today. More than one has learned about it.
18、分数或百分数后接单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，接复数名词时，谓语用复数形式。

例如：
About thirsty percent of my sister’s books are in English.
Two-thirds of the furniture in this room was bought last week.
80%(Four-fifths) of the students are boys.
19、“there be+并列主语“和”here be+并列主语“结构中的谓语形式一般应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致。

There is a pen and two books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.
8、独立主格结构
一、独立主格结构的构成
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成。

这种结构通常在句中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。

独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。

但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑主语，有时还有其他修饰成分。

独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中语法主语不同。

他们不指同一个人或同一事物。

独立主格结构的构成主要有下列几种：
名词（代词）+分词
it+ being there being+名词with+宾语+分词（形容词、不定式、介词短语）
二、独立主格结构的语法功能
（一）表示时间
Our work (having been) finished, we went dancing. 我们的工作做完了，我们就去跳舞。

Spring coming on, the birds are flying back.
（二）表示原因
It being Saturday many people were in the park. 星期六，公园里人很多。

There being no buses, we had to walk home. 没有车了，我们只好步行回家。

（三）表示条件
Time permitting, we’ll visit uncle Huang. 时间许可，我们就去看完黄叔叔。

（四）表示伴随或补充说明
Last night I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand.
昨天我跟他到这儿来了，爬进去带了把剑。

with+宾语+分词(或形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语)可表伴随状语，这种结构叫with的复合结构。

He sat there with his head down. 他头向后倾着坐着。

He slept with his eyes open. 他睁眼睡眠。

Mary entered the room with a big apple in hand. Mary手里拿着一个大苹果走进了房间。

He was doing his homework, his dog sitting aside. 他正在做家庭作业，狗坐在旁边（陪着）。

9、表语从句
1、表语从句概述
表语从句在复合句中作主语的表语。

一般放在主句的谓语动词（联系动词）之后，引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if；代词who, what, which；副词when, where, how, why等，如：The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。

The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题在于是否值得做。

It looked as if it was going to snow. 看起来似乎要下雪。

That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担忧的。

That is where he was born.那儿是他出生的地方。

This is how she did it. 这就是他如何做这件事的。

That is why he was late. 那便是他为何迟到了。

2、that引导的表语从句
当表语从句为陈述句的语气时，用that来引导，that无任何义，不充当任何句子成分，如：
The fact is that the child is lying. 事实是那个小孩在说谎。

The trouble is that we are short of money. 问题在于我们缺钱。

The reason is that we can’t get there on time. 原因在于我们不能按时到达那里。

3、whether引导的表语从句
当表语从句为不确定的语气时，用whether来引导，此时通常不可用if代替whether，如：
The question is whether people will buy it. 问题在于人们是否会买它。

What I want to know is whether I should to there. 我想要知道的是我是否应该去那里。

4、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
当表语从句为疑问的语气时，用wh-疑问句来引导，要注意表语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序，如：The question is where we should go. 问题是我们应该去哪儿。

That is why he was late. 那是他为什么迟到了
5、as if/ though引导的表语从句
He looks as if he were angry. 他看起来似乎非常生气。

10、同位语从句
1、用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。

它一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词，引导同位语从句的词有连词that，连接副词how, when, where等，如：
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他何时会回来。

We heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队胜利的消息。

2、that引导的同位语从句
在某些名词后可用that引导同位语从句，如：
I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这里。

The act that he won the first prize can’t be denied. 他取得第一名的事实不容否认。

3、no idea+ wh-疑问词引导的同位语从句
I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。

She had no idea how she should do. 她不知道她应该怎样做。

4、应注意的几个问题
（1）名词demand ,proposal ,suggestion等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语为“should+动词原形“或只用动词原形，如：
The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。

She refused the demand that he (should) do the work alone.
她拒绝了他单独做那项工作的请求。

（2）同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句引导词无意义，不充当成分，但不可省略，同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词应为同一内容，但定语从句的引导词要在句中作成分，是对先行词的一个限定说明，如：
He told me the news that our team won.（that引导同位语从句）
He told me the news that(which) was very exciting.（that引导定语从句）
We are interested in the news that some foreigners will visit our school.（同位语从句）
We are interested in the news that he told us.（定语从句）
11、结果状语从句
（1）引导结果状语从句的词或词组有：so, so that, so…that…, such…that。

So that即可引导目的状语从句又可引导结果状语从句，一般讲，表目的状语从句有may, might, can, could出现，另外，表结果时，还可用that或so，它们相当于so that。

如：
The train was so full that I could hardly turn around.
Mr. Smith had overslept so he was late for work.
She is such a nice girl that we all like her.
（2）so that和such that的区别
So为副词，修饰动词、副词或形容词，不能修饰名词；such是形容词，修饰名词。

1）so+ adj.+ that从句，如：
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
2）so+ adj.+ 冠词+名次单数+that从句，如：
She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of class like her.
3）so+ many/few/much/little+ n.+ that从句，如：
There is so little water that you can’t drink.
4）such+冠词+ adj.+ 名次单数+ that从句，如：
She is such a good girl that she can help you.
[注意]little 译作“小、可爱“时，常用such，如：
He is such a little boy that his parents often teach him something.
12、that引导的定语从句
在这种定语从句中that可以指人或物，代替who, whom, which在句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语（不能放在介词后面作介词宾语），例如：
The comrade that （who）is speaking at the meeting is a friend of mine.
在会上讲话的同志是我的一个朋友。

Is this the actor that (whom) you talked about yesterday? 这就是你们昨天谈到的那个演员吗？
（about不能放在that前面。

）
The letter that （which）I received yesterday was from my brother.
昨天我收到的信是我哥哥寄来的。

但在下列两种情况下只能用that：
1.序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that。

例如：
The first English novel that I’ve read was Hard Time by Charles.
2.all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词作先行词时，要用that，例如：
Everything that we saw at the village greatly interested us.
The school has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.
Is there anything that you want to buy in town?
All that we have to do for our students is to suggest how to be honest.
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students .
13、倒装句
英语中常见的倒装句，除某些疑问句和引导词there开头的固定倒装句型外，还有下列一些情况需要用倒装语序：
1.在以here, there或out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子里表示强调或表达生动时。

Here comes the bus. Away went the girl.
注意：如果主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构，例如：
Here it comes. Away he went.
2.only修饰状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。

Only in this way can you improve your listening.只有用这种方法你才能提高你的听力。

Only when my home town was liberated in 1949 was I able to go to school.
只有在1949年我家乡解放时，我才能上学。

注意：只限于修饰状语且状语可长可短，only修饰其他成分时则不倒装。

例如：
Only he can work out such a difficult math problem.
Only him we could find in the classroom just now.
（only在此强调主语和宾语，后面并不引起倒装）
3.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，起强调作用，后面引起部分倒装。

例如：
Not until yesterday did I receive his letter. Not a single mistake did I make.
注意：
1）在not only…but also…结构中，仅在not only句中引起倒装，but also句中不用倒装形式。

Not only did I pay off all my debts, but I saved some money to build a new house.
我不仅还清了债务，还攒钱盖了一幢新房子。

2）这些否定副词如不放在句首，句中不用倒装结构。

例如：
He seldom gets up early.（比较：Seldom does he get up early.）
4.so, neither, not位于句首，表示后面与前面情况相同时，后面用全部倒装结构。

My mother is a teacher. So am I. He has never been abroad, neither have I.
注意：
1）so用在句首强调状语时，后面用部分倒装。

例如：
So loudly did he speak that everyone in the classroom could hear him clearly.
2）so如果在后面表示重复前面的意思时（so=yes），后面不用倒装。

例如：
It was cold yesterday. So it was. （比较：So is it today.）
5.as引起的让步状语从句中，被强调部分置于句首。

注意：
名词前不用冠词，最高级前不加the
Child as he is, he knows a lot. Youngest as she is, she studies best in our class.
6.在虚拟语气条件从句+主句的结构中，条件从句如果省略掉，须将were, had, should等助动词和主语点到，形成部分倒装。

Should he come this morning, tell him to come to my office.
如果他今天早上来，告诉他到我办公室来。

Were I you, I would not let him go. 如果我是你，我就不让他走。

7.频率副词以及thus, so等副词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装结构。

如often, always, once, a time等。

Often do I tell him about my life here. Thus was the Emperor cheated.
8.在how和what引起的感叹句中，以及表示祝愿的句子中，可用倒装结构。

例如：
How beautiful the garden is! May you be healthy and happy forever!
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：
1、用助动词“do (does/ did)+动词原形”来表示强调：
He does know the place well. 他的确很熟悉这个地方。

Do write to me when you get there. 你到那儿后务必给我来信。

2、用形容词very, only, single, such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
That’s the very textbook we used last term.
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.
Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.
How dare you buy such expensive jewels?
3、用ever, never, very, just等副词和badly, highly, really等带有-ly的副词进行强调：
Why ever did you do so? He never said a word the whole day.
You’ve got to be very, very careful. This is just what I wanted.
He was badly wounded. I really don’t know what to do next.
4、用in the world, on earth, at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用语疑问句）：
Where in the world could he be? What on earth is it? Do you know at all?
5、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：
How interesting a story it is! Oh, what a lie!
6、用重复来表示强调：
They walked for miles and miles.
7、用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：
Only in this way, can we solve this problem.
8、用强调句型：“It is (was) +被强调部分+that (who)+原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
It was on Monday night that all this happened. It’s me that he blamed.
15、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
在某些动词后的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气：
1）wish后的宾语从句：
在wish后的宾语从句中谓语主要有两种形式（表示与事实相反的情况）：
a.用过去式表示现在的情况，动词be用were时较多（也有人用was）：
I wish I knew what was going to happen. I wish I were (was) young again.
b.用相当于过去完成时的形式，表示过去的情况（常有遗憾的味道）：
I wish (that) I had listened to your advice. My father wished (that) be had gone to university.。