英汉翻译(6)转性与变态

（3）形容词转译成名词
• 1) They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. • 他们打算建一所盲聋学校。 • 3) The unlearned always pretend erudition. • 不学无术的人总是假装学识渊博。 • 4) In the history of literature there can be found some immortal masterpieces which are the swan songs of the dying. • 在文学史上可以看到有些不朽的名著是临死者的绝笔。 • 5) The best is behind. • 好戏后唱。
"a (an) + an N" used as predicative . • • • • • 1) The garden-party is a great success. 园艺会真是圆满极了。 3) They say my story is a yawn. 人们都说，我的故事乏味得很。 4) It's a nuisance that he always puffs at his pipe in the reading room. • 他在阅览室里经常抽烟，吞云吐雾，真是讨厌。 • 5) It is a great honor for me to be charged with such an arduous task. • 我承担这项艰巨的任务，感到很荣幸。
4、副词转译成动词
• 1) The successful fisherman of that day were already in. • 那天交上好运的渔民们都已回家。 • 2) When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. • 他回来时，收音机还在响，因为他离开的时候 忘记将它关掉了。 • 3) "Please let me in! They are searching for me." he begged. • “请让我进去！他们正在追捕我。”他恳求 道。
转译成名词
• Verbs derived from nouns or used from nouns. • 1) The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two. • 登陆的目的是要把该半岛一切为二。 • 2) The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. • 海军现已摆下了阵势，防卫太平洋和大西洋。 • 3) On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall 去参观中国长城。 • 4) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. • 一位衣冠楚楚的男人，外表和谈吐都像美国人，进了 汽车。
转译成形容词
• Nouns derived from adj. • 1) I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries. • 我认识到通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。 • 2) He was still more surprised at the singularity of the stranger's appearance. • 他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪越发惊奇了。 • 3) We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. • 我们觉得很难解决这个复杂的问题。 • 4) She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded living room and into the privacy of the library. • 她迅速把他们领出拥挤的客厅，带到了没人注意的图 书馆。
Nouns implying an action.
• 1) On the walk through the city they saw breadlines. • 在走过市区的时候，他们看见领救济食物的人 们排着长队。 • 2) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. • 从这儿可以看到富士山。 • 3) At the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened under him and could not more step further. • 一想到这场灾难，两腿就像千斤重，再也挪不动 一步了。
(2) 有些英语被动式句子中的动词， 可以译成“受（遭）到……+名词”、 “予（加）以+名词”这类结构。
• 1) Lenin was beloved of the people. • 列宁受到人民的爱戴。 • 2) And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be "jeopardized" by a continuation of the war. • 他警告说，如果战争继续下去，双边的关系有可能受 到危害。 • 3) His image as a good student was badly tarnished. • 他作为好学生的形象已遭到很大的玷污。 • 4) He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there. • 他受到那边高级官员们的冷遇。 • 5) He was received with honor by the government of the host country. • 他受到东道国政府的礼遇。
3、形容词转译成动词
• 1) We are quite sure that the socialist system will replace the capitalist system in the end. • 我们坚信社会主义制度终将取代资本主义制度。 • 2) They were not content with their present achievements. • 他不满足于他们目前所取得的成就。 • 3) They were suspicious and resentful of him. • 他们怀疑他，讨厌他。 • 4) If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics. • 要是我们不知道原子的结构，我们就不可能去研究核 物理。
Nouns in some idiomatic expressions should be converted into Chinese V.
• 1) He has already made mention of the matter in his speech. • 他在讲演中曾提到过此事。 • 2) He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissert. • 他瞧了他一下，表示他听见了。但没表示同意或不同意。 • 3) The Party branch secretary showed great concern for the students’ health. • 党支书很关心学生的健康。 • 4) She had high praise for Dr.. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness. • 她高度赞扬了西格潘医生，但抱怨他过于严格。 • 5) I had another good look at the boring machine, and found a loose screw in need of adjustment. • 我又仔细地检查了这恼人的机器，发现一颗松动的螺栓需要调整。
（一）转译成动词
• 1、名词转译成动词 • Nouns derived from verbs. • 1) An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. • 熟悉一些世界史有助于学习时事。 • 2) His very appearance of any affair proclaims it a triumph. • 在任何场合，只要他一露面。就算是成功了。 • 3) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. • 他告诫全国人民，必须坚持参加政治论战。
V+er=n
• 1) He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker. • 他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支接一支不停地 抽。 • 2) He was a regular visitor. • 他经常来。 • 3) She is a lover of Chinese painting. • 她酷爱中国油画。 • 4) There were various possible players for the role. • 可能扮演这个角色的有好几个人
Nouns in the cognate object into double verbs.
• • • • • • • • • •
1) He smiled a happy smile. 他愉快地微笑了一下。 2) Let's go for a walk after supper. 晚饭后咱们去散散步吧。 3) Let him sleep a peaceful sleep. 让他安安静静地睡一觉吧。 4) They fought a beautiful fight . 他们打了一个漂亮仗。 5) He sighed a long sigh. 他长长地叹了一口气。
•Conversion and Change of Voice •（转性与变态）
一、词类转译
• 在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的 差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须 改变其词类，这就叫词类转译法。这种方法不仅 指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一 定词序的改变。当然主要是指词类的变化，如原 文中的名词可以转移成译文中的动词等词类。众 所周知，语言是个无限生成的系统，在翻译实践 中，词类转移的情况也是千变万化的。词类转译 的情况归纳起来有以下四种：1、转译成动词、2、 转译成名词、3、转译成形容词、4、转译成其他 词类。
2、介词转译成动词
• 1) Up the street they want, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a high building. • 他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，窜过一个大广场， 然后进入了一座大厦。 • 2) We drove home a bit after midnight, over the rive and through the lively old sleeping town. • 时过午夜，我驱车回家，先过了河，又窜过了这个在 酣睡中的古老而可爱的城市。 • 3) The judge sat in the dinning-room amid his morning mail. • 法官坐在餐厅里处理一大堆早班邮件。 • 4) I found him at his book when I came into the room. • 我走进房间，见他正在看书。