独立主格结构讲解及练习题
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题带答案解析
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题带答案解析1.The teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand. “book in hand” is an example of_________.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.independent nominative structureD.adverbial clause答案解析：C。
“book in hand”是独立主格结构。
A 选项“名词+现在分词”不符合；B 选项“名词+过去分词”不符合；D 选项“状语从句”也不符合。
2.After finishing his homework, Tom went out to play. “After finishing his homework” is_________.A.independent nominative structureB.present participle phraseC.past participle phraseD.adverbial clause答案解析：B。
“After finishing his homework”是现在分词短语，不是独立主格结构。
A 选项独立主格结构不符合；C 选项过去分词短语不符合；D 选项状语从句不符合。
3.The girl sat there, eyes closed. “eyes closed” is_________.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.independent nominative structureD.adverbial clause答案解析：C。
“eyes closed”是独立主格结构。
A 选项“名词+现在分词”不符合；B 选项“名词+过去分词”表述不准确；D 选项“状语从句”不符合。
独立主格结构知识点及例题
独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂，主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词（表示被动和已完成）e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词（常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态）e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.）Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. （=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。
独立主格讲解与练习
语法专项：独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
⚫独立主格结构的逻辑主语独立存在⚫独立主格结构在句子中充当状语，定语和补语⚫独立主格结构可以转换为状语从句，定语从句和并列句。
⚫独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
1.逻辑主语+现在分词Time permitting, we will discuss more questions. 如果时间允许的话，我们将讨论更多的问题。
2.逻辑主语+过去分词The bag lost, he had no money now. 由于书包丢了，他现在没有钱了。
3.逻辑主语+不定式Lots of homework to do, I must do it now. 家庭作业有很多，我现在就得做了。
4.逻辑主语+名词Many children are reading here, most of them Chinese. 许多孩子都在这里读书，他们大多数是中国人。
5.逻辑主语+形容词He reads books here, his hands big and fat. 他在这里读书，他的手又大又胖。
6.逻辑主语+副词He pulled on his coat, wrong side out. 他穿上他的外套，结果穿反了。
7.逻辑主语+介词短语He sat there, his eyes on her back. 他坐在那里，眼睛望着她的背影.8.With, without+复合宾语的结构1)With + 名词或代词+ 现在分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her. 这么多人看着她，她感到非常紧张。
2)With + 名词或代词+ 过去分词The boy was sad with the bike broken. 单车坏了，这个男孩很伤心。
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析1.The girl sat there, her eyes looking at the book, her mind lost in thought. In this sentence, “her eyes looking at the book” is an example of independent nominative structure. Which of the following sentences also uses this structure?A.Her hands holding the pen, she began to write.B.Her feet walking on the road, she felt happy.C.Her head nodding, she agreed.D.Her mouth smiling, she greeted everyone.答案解析：A、B、C、D 四个选项都是独立主格结构中名词加现在分词的形式。
选项A“Her hands holding the pen”表示她的手拿着笔，在句中作伴随状语。
选项B“Her feet walking on the road”表示她的脚走在路上，在句中作伴随状语。
选项C“Her head nodding”表示她点头，在句中作伴随状语。
选项D“Her mouth smiling”表示她微笑着，在句中作伴随状语。
2.The boy lay on the grass, his eyes closed. Which of the following is NOT an example of independent nominative structure?A.His face red, he looked angry.B.His heart beating fast, he was nervous.C.His book open, he was reading.D.His sister came in, he was happy.答案解析：选项A、B、C 都是独立主格结构中名词加现在分词或形容词的形式。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点：独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
独立主格结构(精讲精练 翻译练习)
独立主格结构●独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
●独立主格结构具有两个特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
●独立主格结构类型：● 1.名词/代词+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）● 2.名词/代词+(being)+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）1.名词/代词+现在分词（doing）Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.=The winter comes,and it gets colder and colder.Time permitting,I will go with you.The girl looking at him,he didn’t know what to say.There being no bus,we had to walk home.2.名词/代词+过去分词He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done,he went back home.=After the work was done,he went back home.More time given,we can finish the work.=If more time is given to us,we can finish the work.3.名词/代词+动词不定式（由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态）His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.Many trees to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.4.名词/代词+形容词He came into the room,his face red with cold.She went to party,her clothes beautiful.5.名词/代词+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off,we could not go on with the work.6.名词/代词+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没打中，又开了一枪A lot of people all over the world are fans of the smartphone,many of them Chinese.全世界很多人都是这款智能手机的粉丝，其中许多都是中国人。
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析
高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析1.The students having finished their homework, they went out to play.A.having finishedB.finishedC.finishingD.to finish答案解析：A。
此句中“The students having finished their homework”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是“The students”，与动词“finish”之间是主动关系，且动作发生在“went out to play”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。
B 选项“finished”是过去分词，表被动或完成，不符合逻辑主语与动词的关系；C 选项“finishing”是现在分词一般式，不能表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；D 选项“to finish”是不定式，通常表示将来的动作，也不符合题意。
2.The teacher walking into the classroom, silence fell.A.walking intoB.walked intoC.walks intoD.to walk into答案解析：A。
“The teacher walking into the classroom”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是“The teacher”，与动词“walk”之间是主动关系，用现在分词。
B 选项“walked into”是过去式，不是独立主格结构；C 选项“walks into”是一般现在时，也不是独立主格结构；D 选项“to walkinto”是不定式，不是独立主格结构且表将来，不符合语境。
3.The book lying on the desk is mine.A.lying ony onC.lies onD.to lie on答案解析：A。
“The book lying on the desk”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是“The book”，与动词“lie”之间是主动关系，用现在分词。
初三英语独立主格结构理解练习题40题(带答案)
初三英语独立主格结构理解练习题40题(带答案)1.The teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand. The underlined part is an example of _.A.independent nominative structureB.independent genitive structureC.independent accusative structureD.independent possessive structure答案解析：A。
本题中“book in hand”是独立主格结构中的名词加介词短语形式，属于独立主格结构中的独立主格结构（名词+介词短语），也称为独立主格名词结构，所以选A。
选项B、C、D 分别是独立所有格结构、独立宾格结构和独立所有格结构，均不符合题意。
2.Mother was cooking in the kitchen, baby sleeping in the cradle. The underlined part is _.A.independent nominative structureB.independent genitive structureC.independent accusative structureD.independent possessive structure答案解析：A。
“baby sleeping in the cradle”是独立主格结构中的名词加现在分词形式，属于独立主格结构中的独立主格名词结构，所以选A。
选项B、C、D 分别是独立所有格结构、独立宾格结构和独立所有格结构，均不符合题意。
3.Father was reading the newspaper, glasses on nose. The underlinedpart is an example of _.A.independent nominative structureB.independent genitive structureC.independent accusative structureD.independent possessive structure答案解析：A。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)
语法重点：独立主格结构。
1.原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3.独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习
（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词（代词）+现在分词例句：The storm drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作：原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。
（call it a day今天到此为止）例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。
Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：ftime permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。
The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词（代词）+过去分词例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格结构及精选习题
独立主格结构（一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
（二）构成：1.名词（代词） + 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go s ightseeing.= If w eather permits, ... 作条件状语天气允许的话，我们要去观光。
Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,... 作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。
2.名词（代词） +（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语）It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ... 作原因状语由于是星期天，我们去爬山。
Tod l ooked a t the million-pound n o te,his eyes (being) wide o pen.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。
S u m m e r vacations (being) over, students returned to s chool.暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。
3.with+ 名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。
此句型又称with 复合结构。
a.They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning .他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。
独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]
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独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]第一篇：独立主格结构完美总结(附习题)温新堂个性化VIP一对一教学独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
3.表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句 Weather permitting, the football match will played on Wednesday.（=If weather permits, …）如果天气允许，足球比赛将在周三举行。The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.（=If the book is written in simple English, …）如果这本书用简易英语写的，它会 更畅销。 4.表方式或伴随状语或补充说明 She rushed into the room, a letter in her hand.（=…, with a letter in her hand）她手里拿着封信冲了进来。Saddie sat alone, head bent.(=…, with his head bent.)Saddie独自坐在那里，耷拉着脑袋 5.做定语，相当于一个定语从句 He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条2便没有路灯的马路上
高中英语独立主格结构练习题50题(答案解析)
高中英语独立主格结构练习题50题(答案解析)1. ______, the students started their class trip.A. The teacher led themB. With the teacher leading themC. The teacher leads themD. Because the teacher led them答案：B。
解析：独立主格结构由“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语”构成。
在选项B中，“the teacher”是逻辑主语，“leading them”是逻辑谓语，这种“with + 逻辑主语+逻辑谓语”的结构就是独立主格结构，在句中表示伴随状况，即老师带领着他们的伴随情况下，学生们开始了班级旅行。
选项A是一个完整的句子，直接用在此处会造成句子结构混乱。
选项C时态为一般现在时，与句子整体语境不符，而且也不是独立主格结构。
选项D是一个原因状语从句，与独立主格结构的语法功能不同。
2. ______, we can't go out to play football.A. It is raining heavilyB. With it raining heavilyC. It rained heavilyD. Because of it rained heavily答案：B。
解析：在选项B中，“it”是逻辑主语，“raining heavily”是逻辑谓语，这是独立主格结构，表示原因，因为雨下得很大这种状况，我们不能出去踢足球。
选项A是一个完整的句子，直接用会使句子结构不清晰。
选项C时态不符，这里强调当下雨这个状况，而不是过去下过雨。
选项D中“because of”后面不能接句子，用法错误。
3. ______, the little girl felt very lonely.A. Her parents goneB. Her parents wentC. Because her parents goneD. Her parents go答案：A。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
was given
B 3)______, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words A 4)____, the text became easier for us to learn. A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
独立主格结构
1. 来源
分词作状语在句中都有逻辑主语：
Standing in the front of the classroom，I feel nervous. Criticized by the teacher , I feel depressed. 但有时它们在句中找不到自己的逻辑主语 Standing in the front of the classroom，my legs are shaking.( 错 )
1.sb/sth. + impress sb (with sth) 2. sb + be deeply impressed with/ by + sb/sth 3. sb/ sth + impress on + sb+ sth 4. sth /sb+ impress + sth. on one's memory 5. It + impress sb that-
measure a) v. 1）~ sb/sth (for sth) 测量， 度量 A ship’s speed is measured in knots. 船速以 节 测量。 He has gone to be measured for a new suit. 他去量尺寸做新衣服去了。 2）判定，估量 It’s difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage. 在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。 3）(指尺寸，长短，数量等)量度为（无被动 语态和进行时态） The pond measures about 2 meters across.
江苏省某重点高中整理的独立主格讲解及练习
高中英语语法讲义-------独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。
（3）主要用于书面语。
（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。
（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中，独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系，在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。
此结构也可写成：名词或代词＋ being ＋名词，其中being是非谓语（系）动词，往往省略，但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时，being不能省略。
名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格形式。
①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗，一根棍子是他唯一的武器。
② He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具，他把整本书翻译成了英语。
③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.（句中的being不能省略）因为是星期天，我没有上课。
人教版初三英语独立主格运用练习题50题含答案解析
人教版初三英语独立主格运用练习题50题含答案解析1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. It wasC. There wereD. It being答案：A。
解析：独立主格结构的构成是“逻辑主语+非谓语动词”。
这里逻辑主语是no bus，表达“没有公交车”这种情况，“存在有”用there be结构，在独立主格中be要用being形式。
B选项It was是一个完整的句子结构，不能用于独立主格。
C选项There were没有用对形式，在独立主格中不能用were。
D选项It being中的it不能表示“存在有”的概念，逻辑主语不对。
2. The meeting ______ over, we all left the room.A. isB. to beC. beingD. would be答案：C。
解析：独立主格结构中，逻辑主语是the meeting，“会议结束”表示一种状态，这里用being表示主动的状态。
A选项is是谓语动词形式，不能用于独立主格结构。
B选项to be表示将来的动作，这里不是表示将来。
D选项would be也是谓语动词形式，不符合独立主格结构要求。
3. ______ Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. It beingB. BeingC. There beingD. Having been答案：A。
解析：逻辑主语是it，表示今天是星期天这种情况，在独立主格结构中用it being。
B选项Being单独使用逻辑主语不明确。
C选项There being表示存在有，这里不表示存在的概念。
D选项Having been 表示完成的动作，这里不需要表达完成，只是陈述今天是星期天这个状态。
4. All things ______, her paper is of great value.A. considerB. consideringC. consideredD. are considered答案：C。
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独立主格结构讲解及练习题作者：1?文章来源：网络?点击数：6217?更新时间：2013-05-1811:55:28?我们知道，“V—ing或—ed形式”短语作状语时，其实就是状语从句在主从句主语一致的情况下省略的结果。
所以通常情况下，“V—ing或—ed形式”作状语时其逻辑主语是和主句的主语一致的。
在前后主语不一致的情况下，我们通常采用“V—ing或—ed形式”短语前加上其逻辑主语一起构成主句的状语部分，因此我们就把自带逻辑主语的“V—ing或—ed形式”结构叫做“独立主格结构”。
事实上，在英语中，“独立主格结构”还可以由“逻辑主语+不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成，其功能相当于“with复合结构”或“非限制性定语从句”。
独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
下面本人就从句型转化的角度解读“独立主格结构”的“独立”之处。
1.??????与状语从句的转化1).Alltheworkfinished,hesatdownforacoffee.【=Whenalltheworkwasfinished,hesatdownfora?coffee.】2).Weatherpermitting,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow.【=Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow.】3).Theboybeinglate,histeacherwasveryangry.【=Astheboywaslate,histeacherwasveryangry.】4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasagreatevent.【=Whene very thingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasa?great?event.】5)Therebeingsomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme.【=Astherewassomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme.】6).Thefloorwet,theystayedoutside.【=Asthefloorwaswet,theystayedoutside.】2.??????与with复合结构的转化1).Alotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday.【=Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday.】2）Thepresidententeredthemeetingroom,hissecretaryfollowinghim.【=Thepresidententeredthemeetingroom,withhissecretaryfollowinghim.】3).Thecrazyman,aguninhishand,wastryingtokillhiswife.【=Thecrazyman,withagunin?his?hand,wastryingtokillhiswife.】3.??????与非限制性定语从句的转化1).Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecenthavingbeenlaunchedat theendoflastmonth.【=Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecrafts,the?most?recentofwhichwaslaunche dattheendof?last?month.】2).Theoldfarmerraised10pigs,twoweighing200kg.【=Theoldfarmerraised10pigs,twoofwhichweighed200kg.】巩固联系1.E very thing___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.A.totake????B.taken?????C.tobetaken?????D.taking?2.Anexpert___tohelpthemtomorrow,theyaresuretoworkoutthe?problem.A.willcome?????ing?????C.tocome????D.havingcome?3.Themeeting___over,hewenttopickup?his?sondirectlyA.tobe?????B.is?????C.was?????D.being?4.---Theysatstillintheroom,___.---WhydidtheydolikethatA.drawingthecurtains??????????B.withthecurtainsdrawnC.withthecurtainsdrawing?????D.havingthecurtainsdrawn?5.Thesun___,theycontinuedtheirway.A.hasrisen???B.havingrisen???C.hasraised???D.havingraised?6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,the?most?recent___attheendof?last March.A.hasbeenlaunched????B.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunched????????D.tobelaunched?7.Herearetwovolumes,thethirdone____nextmonth.esout????B.cameout????ingout???D.tocomeout?8.Withhisson___,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.todisappoint?????B.tobedisappointingC.disappointing?????D.beingdisappointed?9.---Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.---Sorry.Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filled?????B.filling?????C.tofill?????D.beingfilled?10．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwith?his?work___,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finished???B.finishing???C.havingfinished???D.wasfinished?11.___,I?hadtoaskfortwodays’leave.A.Motherbeingill???B.Motherill???C.Asmotherwasill??D.A,BandC?12.Withsomanybooks___,Icouldn’tgotosurftheInternet.A.toread???B.toberead???C.reading???D.read?13.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman____admittingwhathehaddone.A.withhisdroppinghead????B.droppinghisheadC.raisinghishead?????????????D.withhisheaddown?14.Winter___,itistimeto?buy?warmclothes.A.hascomeon????B.iscomingon????ingon????eson?15.Theoldmanlayon?his?backatthecornerofthestreet,hiseyes___andhishands___.A.close,tremble????????B.closed,tremblingC.closing,trembling???D.closed,trembled?16.Withnothing__toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leaving?????B.leave????C.left????D.toleave?17.Itwasapitythatthe?great?writerdied___hisworksunfinished.A.for????B.with?????C.of??????D.?from?18.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththatnoise___on.A.togo????B.went????C.going????D.goes19.___twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardt his?weekend.A.Becauseof?????B.With?????C.Asfor?????D.Besides?20.Tomcamehome,___.A.adogfollowinghim?????B.adogfollowedhimC.beingfollowedhim??????D.adogwasfollowedhim参考答案：BCDBB?BDCBA??DADCB??CBCBA。