2013届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳

2013届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳

i．形式和性质：

1．过去分词只有一种形式，即v-ed。没有所谓的“一般体”“进行体”与“完成体”之分。过去分词也没有“主动式”与“被动式”之称谓。

2．过去分词一般有以下特征：

2．1 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者（doer）。2．2 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作往往先已发生。

〖分析〗1. the injured man （=the man who had been injured）was sent to hospital without delay.

2. this is the book borrowed (= which was borrowed) from the school library last week.

3. done in a hurry(because it had been done in a hurry), tom's homework was full of mistakes and errors. 〖例外〗1. 在使役动词后作宾补的过去分词和带有将来时间状语的分词不具完成性。如：i'll have my house enlarged.

the car repaired this afternoon belongs to one of my friends.

2. 一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不具被动性。

an old man was collecting the fallen leaves in the yard.

the police were searching for the escaped man.

ii. 句法功能

1. 主语

过去分词前加上定冠词可用作主语，表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：

the accused have been acquitted.

the wounded were left hidden in that village .

这种用法时，谓语一般用复数动词，但在上下文明确时也可能用于指一类中的个别，用单数动词。如： the deceased is his father.

the wounded is a policeman.

2. 宾语

过去分词前加上定冠词可用作宾语，也表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：

everyone in our society should respect and help the disabled.

listen to the voice of the oppressed .

3．表语

the boys were astonished.

the door remained locked.

they seemed worried.

he is wel l known to us all.

4．定语

4.1 前置定语由单个分词充当

the broken glass is still lying on the table.

the frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived.

this sort of people seems not to be able to live in the ch anged wo rld.

he only collects used stamps.

this phrase is often used in spoken english.

a grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up.

the risen sun is the sun that has risen high.

that was a man-made satellite.

he sent they his newly-invented devices.

4.2 后置定语由分词短语充当

she was reading a novel written by dickens.

he works and lives in a school surrounded by green trees.

the people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter.

the radio bought in your shop doesn't work well.

the braille is a language used for the blind.

偶尔也有单个分词作后置定语的情况。如：

things seen are mightier than things heard.

有时单个分词作前置定语与作后置定语的意义不同。如：

the car used was a stolen one. (the car which was used at the time…)

the used car was still in the garage.( the old car which didn't wo rk well… )

5．宾补

5.1 在感觉/ 知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。

we found him greatly changed.

everyone thought the battle lost except the general.

he felt himself carried onto a carriage .

i have never heard a single french word spoken before.

the worst part was watching her wheeled away to an operating theatre while we waited and stared at the walls. (collins gp1:verbs, p.308)

5.2 在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。

he tried to make yourself understood in his broken english.

i had my bad tooth pulled out yesterday.

last month the family got a new house built.

it's very important for you to keep your parents informed of your situation.

he left the food untouched and went out.

5.3在意愿动词后：like, need, want, order, wish等。

he won't like the problem discussed at the meeting.

they were arrested by immigration officials on monday just hours after a high court judge had ordered them freed from detention. (collins gp1:verbs, p.306)

she came into the shop with a package saying: "i don't need it changed, only re-wrapped."

the king ordered the magic cloth woven at once.

i want the case investigated further to make every detail clear.

6．状语

6.1 方式和伴随情况( of manner or accompaniment )

he walked around outside, disturbed by the news.

the teacher went out, followed by some pupils.

the old man sat on the chair, lost in thought.