句子成分讲解及分析

词类的分类

词类英语名称缩写形式例词中译

1 名词noun n. student 学生

2 代词pronoun pron. you 你

3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的

4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地

5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割

6 数词numeral num. three ,third 三、第三

7 冠词article art. a/an; the 一个;这个

8 介词preposition prep. at 在...

9 连词conjunction conj. and ；if 和；如果

10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦

句子成分

主语:（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物，动作的执行者

The sun rises in the east. He likes playing football. The student is handsome boy!

Talking with him is a good thing What he needs is a book.

谓语:（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. They are playing basketball. He teaches me Chinese He is tall and strong

表语:（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. Five and five is ten. He is anger His father is in. The picture is on the wall.

My watch is gone / missing / lost. My dream is to be a writer The question is when they will come.

（常见的系动词有: be, 感官动词sound，look, feel，smell, taste, feel；表变化：become，turn，go，grow，get. 保持，仍是. Remain It sounds a good idea. Sounds great! The food smells nice. The door remains open.

宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. He hates her. We need two. I enjoy working with you.

I hope to see you again. I think (that) you are right

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday. = He gave a book to me yesterday.

He bought his girlfriend some flowers = He bought some flowers for his girlfriend

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

Let’s go We will make them happy. We saw him play football. I’ll have my bike repaired.

With his teacher helping, he understood the knowledge His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Don’t keep the lights burning.

主补：对主语的补充。

He was seen to play football they were made happy.

定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

He is our friend. He is a Chinese teacher. The(this / that ) school is very famous The man over there is my old friend.

The woman with a baby is my sister. The boy who are playing football are in Class 2

The boys playing football are in Class 2.

状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.

同位语：解释说明名词，代词

Leifeng , a hero of china ,will be remembered by Chinese forever. QiBaishi, one of the greatest painter is good at brush painting,