学术英语课后答案 unit4

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

I. Teaching Objectives

In this unit, you will learn how to:

1.write a self-contained literature review

2.write a literature review as a part of an essay

3.cite sources by correct quotation and paragraphs

4.give the appropriate documentation to the source you use

5.avoid different kinds of plagiarism

6.identify common knowledge

7.acquire paraphrasing skills

8.enhance language skills related with reading and listening material presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures

1 Writing a literature review

Task 1

1 The four articles were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation.

2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure.

3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.

4 Answers may vary.

5 It seems that Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”. Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy.

Task 2

Compared with uranium which the production of conventional nuclear power needs, there is more lithium in the sea water which can support 30 million years’ fusion fuel.

Task 3

1 Review the previous related studies

2 State the previous s tudies’ limitation

3 Announce the direction for further studies

2 Writing a self-contained literature review

Task 1

1 Stigmatization, a kind of social rejection, is big challenge to the mentally ill. They are rejected by people because of the label they carry or that their behaviors indicate that they belong to a certain labeled group.

2 To report the past studies of the topic. Studies have proved that stigmatization of the mentally ill is caused by the public’s belief in myths about the dangerousnes s of the mentally ill and exposing those myths can reduce stigmatization.

3 Three articles.

4 Pescosolido & Tuch (2000) thought that a common respond to the mentally ill are rejection and fear of violence. Another article concluded that rejection and fear are caused by less contact with mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found that any type of contact with mentally ill individuals reduced perceptions of dangerousness of the target.

5 1) What are major causes for the rejection and fear, and can they be reduced?

2) This finding is verified by Alexander and Link (2003).

Task 2

Text 11

Title: Risks of Nuclear Power

Author(s): Bernard L. Cohen

Source: .

Summary: Radiation from nuclear power is feared to have the potential of causing a cancer or some genetic diseases. This fear, however, is dismissed by Cohen after he compares artificial radiation and the radiation that occurs naturally in our environment, analyzing their respective impact on human health. Cohen separately discusses the different sources of nuclear power risks and arrives at the following conclusions: 1) the probability of real reactor accidents, with the safety system of defense in depth, are extremely small; 2) radioactive waste, if properly handled, causes negligible damage; 3) other radiation problems, such as accidents in transportation or radon exposures in mining, are also not so threatening as they seem to be. In summary he believes that radiation due to nuclear power will cause much fewer cancers and deaths than coal burning. (130 words)

Text 12

Title: How Radiation Threatens Health

Author(s): Nina Bai

Source: Scientific American

Summary: Nina Bai addresses the widespread concerns over the health effects of radiation exposure in the wake of Fukushima nuclear crisis. She discusses three determinative factors: the