英语中祈使句的用法
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龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义(第讲)学生姓名:
Let ' s go to school together.
咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形 Never + 动词原形 Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。
Don't let them play with
fire.
别让他们玩火。
(2) Let's ( let sb. ) + not +
动词原形 Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 3. 祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 won't you 。 Please open the door, will/ ' t you 请把门打开,好吗 (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you
Don't be late again, will 别再迟到了,行不行 (3) 以 let's 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we
Let's turn on the TV, shall 我们把电视打开,好吗
<特别注意 > 只有以 let's 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用 shall we ,而 let us 开
头的祈
使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为
will you 或 won't you. 如: Let us stay here, will/ won't
you 请(你)让我们留在这好吗
4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用『 No +名词 /V-ing 形式』结构,表示『禁止做某
事』。例 如:NO PHOTOS 禁!止拍照!
5. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will 或 won 't 。在回答具有 否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是『形式一致』,即 Yes
与 will 保
持一致; No 与 won't 保持 一致。二是『意思相反』,即 Yes 是『不』的意思; No 是『是』的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下
--- Don't go out, please. It 's raining heavily outside.
请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
-- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连
词and 来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or 来连接。例如:Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.
把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we 'll be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。
七. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。
八. 祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:
Do shut up! 快住口!
九. 特殊形式的祈使句在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个
带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:More water and the young trees couldn 't have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn ' t have died.
如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。
十. 运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就
会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。例如:
your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and 连接;如选A或
D项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes 又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子
结构。因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。
祈使句考题集锦(1)
一、单项选择
1.The TV is too loud. Please __ .
A. turn it down
B. to turn it down
C. turn down it
D. to turn down it
2.______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C. Not be
D. Be not
3.______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
4.Please help me carry it,
A. will I
B. will you
C. shall I
D. shall we
5.Don't make so much noise, __
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do you
6.Do you know the girl under the tree
A. stand
B. to stand
C. standing
D. stood
7.Kate, ____ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
8.______ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
9.I've kept the dog __ Maomao for a long time.
A. Name
B. named
C. naming
D. to name
10.Don't you know that __ is good for our health
A. swim
B. swimming
C. swam
D. swims
二、句型转换
11.Will you please read it again more slowly (改为祈使句)
____ ____ again more slowly, please.
12.If you don't listen to me, I'll go. (改为同义句)
_____ ___ me, or I 'll go.
13.Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)
Let's watch the sports games, ____
14.The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. 改为祈使句)