英语中祈使句的用法

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龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义(第讲)学生姓名:

Let ' s go to school together.

咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句

(1) Don't + 动词原形 Never + 动词原形 Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with

fire.

别让他们玩火。

(2) Let's ( let sb. ) + not +

动词原形 Let's not say anything about it.

对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 3. 祈使句的反意疑问句

(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 won't you 。 Please open the door, will/ ' t you 请把门打开,好吗 (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you

Don't be late again, will 别再迟到了,行不行 (3) 以 let's 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we

Let's turn on the TV, shall 我们把电视打开,好吗

<特别注意 > 只有以 let's 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用 shall we ,而 let us 开

头的祈

使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为

will you 或 won't you. 如: Let us stay here, will/ won't

you 请(你)让我们留在这好吗

4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用『 No +名词 /V-ing 形式』结构,表示『禁止做某

事』。例 如:NO PHOTOS 禁!止拍照!

5. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will 或 won 't 。在回答具有 否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是『形式一致』,即 Yes

与 will 保

持一致; No 与 won't 保持 一致。二是『意思相反』,即 Yes 是『不』的意思; No 是『是』的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下

--- Don't go out, please. It 's raining heavily outside.

请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

-- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。

6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连

词and 来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or 来连接。例如:Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.

把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。

Hurry up, or we 'll be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。

七. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。

八. 祈使句的强调形式

祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:

Do shut up! 快住口!

九. 特殊形式的祈使句在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个

带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:More water and the young trees couldn 't have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn ' t have died.

如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。

十. 运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就

会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。例如:

your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Having checked

B. Check

C. If you check

D. To check

析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and 连接;如选A或

D项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes 又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子

结构。因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。

祈使句考题集锦(1)

一、单项选择

1.The TV is too loud. Please __ .

A. turn it down

B. to turn it down

C. turn down it

D. to turn down it

2.______ late again, Bill!

A. Don't to be

B. Don't be

C. Not be

D. Be not

3.______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.

A. Not

B. Won't

C. Doesn't

D. Don't

4.Please help me carry it,

A. will I

B. will you

C. shall I

D. shall we

5.Don't make so much noise, __

A. will you

B. won't you

C. shall we

D. do you

6.Do you know the girl under the tree

A. stand

B. to stand

C. standing

D. stood

7.Kate, ____ your homework here tomorrow.

A. bring

B. brings

C. to bring

D. bringing

8.______ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

A. Telling

B. To tell

C. Told

D. Tell

9.I've kept the dog __ Maomao for a long time.

A. Name

B. named

C. naming

D. to name

10.Don't you know that __ is good for our health

A. swim

B. swimming

C. swam

D. swims

二、句型转换

11.Will you please read it again more slowly (改为祈使句)

____ ____ again more slowly, please.

12.If you don't listen to me, I'll go. (改为同义句)

_____ ___ me, or I 'll go.

13.Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)

Let's watch the sports games, ____

14.The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. 改为祈使句)

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