第二章语法2

第二章语法

非谓语动词——不定式、动名词、分词，没有人称、数、现在和过去时态的区别，不能单独作谓语

He is a driver.（他是个司机。）

He to be a driver.

She watching TV.（她正在看电视）

be+v-ing

一、不定式

to + v原是不定式最常见的形式，有时不定式是省略“to”的。

Learn English is not easy.

不定式在英语中的作用：

相当于名词

To climb the mountain is very difficult. （作主语）

I want to know about the mountain. （宾语）

My wish is to conquer the mountain. （表语）

相当于形容词

I want some water to drink. （修饰名词）

相当于副词

He stopped to have a rest. （修饰动词）

I’m glad to see you. （修饰形容词）

总结归纳：

除了放在句首作主语这种特殊用法外，其它情况都可以归结为：句中第二个动词前要加“to”。对于应试来说，不定式部分只需记住一些句型就足够了。

（一）to + v原作主语， + 单数动词

To know oneself is difficult. 认识自己很难。

To tell a lie is wrong. 说谎是错误的。

（二）

To learn computer is important.

It is important

It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 要他戒烟是不可能的。

It is very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我实在太好了。

It is foolish of them to make such a mistake. 他们犯这样的错误太愚蠢了。

It 是形式主语，真正的主语是to + v.

常见的形容词：

possible, impossible, important, necessary, essential, convenient, difficult, hard, easy, useless……+for sb

常见的形容词：

nice, kind, wise, good, polite, bright, clever, bad, wrong, cruel, stupid, foolish, impolite……+of sb.

（三）it 作形式宾语，to do 是真正宾语放后面

If you study hard, you will find it easy to learn English.

如果你用功，你会发现学英语很容易。

I make it a rule to get up early.

我把早起定为规则。

We consider it our duty to obey the laws.

我们认为遵守法律是我们的职责。

常见的动词：find, think, believe, consider, make, take, regard……

（四）疑问词 + 不定式

I don’t know what to do.（我不知道该做什么。）

how to do it.（我不知道该怎样做。）

which to buy.

He taught me how to speak English well.

When to turn the corner is a difficult problem. 何时转变是个难题。

（五）后接to do作宾语的动词有：

want, hope, wish, desire, intend, expect, plan, decide, manage, ask, tell, teach, advise, allow, beg, order, pretend,……

He intends to try it. 他想试试看。

They allowed me to fish here. 他们允许我在此钓鱼。

不定式的否定形式，在to前加not / never

I told you not to do it. 我告诉过你不要去做。

We decided not to go. 我们决定不去。

省略to的不定式

（一）感官动词 see / look at / hear / listen to / feel / notice / smell

I saw him swim yesterday. 昨天我看见他游泳了。

I can hear the girl singing in the next room. 我听见有个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。

I heard my name called. 我听见有人叫我的名字。

被动式：

He was seen to swim yesterday.

The girl was heard singing in the next room.

（二）使役动词及其它特殊动词用法

1. let sb do （不带to的动词用法）Let us go home .

2.

I’ll have him come over. 我会叫他来。

I had my bicycle fixed. 我把自行车送去修理了。

Don’t worry. I’ll have my car waiting downstairs.

3.

A. hear

B. to hear

C. heared

D. heard

答案：D

He got up early just to make himself catch the first bus.

4. help sb （to） do sth Please help me （to） move the table.

5. had better + V原（否）had better not + V原

You’d better not be late. 你最好不要迟到。

6. would rather + V原……than + V原（宁愿做……而不愿……）