英美文学史之英国文学 浪漫主义

英美文学史5浪漫主义俩个时期的代表人物：第一代：布莱克、彭斯、华兹华斯第二代：拜伦、雪莱、济慈The Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义----Romantic writing emphasizes emotionsand feelings instead of reason and logic . 浪漫主义强调的是情感和感觉而不是理性和逻辑。

The time begins with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads(1798),ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)浪漫主义开始的标志是华兹华斯的《抒情诗集》（他和S.T Coleridge联合发表的）发表，结束于斯科特的去世。

一．俩大派别：Lake poets湖畔派诗人（又称：Escapist poets逃避诗人Negativepoets消极诗人）: Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治Satanic poets魔鬼派(又称：Active poets积极诗人) ：Lord Byron拜伦、Shelley雪莱、Keats济慈二．William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯-----poet-laureate桂冠诗人Lake poets湖畔派诗人（又称：Escapist poets逃避诗人Negative poets消极诗人）:Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治作品：I wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独的漫游，像云朵一样（选自The Daffodils《黄水仙》）She Dwelt Among theUntrodden Ways她居住在人迹罕至的地方（mourning悲伤的、Dwelt居住）补充了解：1.其他作品Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺、The Prelude序曲（自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry）、The Excursion、the Lucy poems《露西诗》2.Symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.符号是用来代表抽象事物的概念His style：simplicity and purity of the language,love of nature,fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry.简单而纯洁的语言，反传统形式的18世纪诗歌。

他给诗歌的定义：poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling:it takes its origin from emotions recollected in tranquility诗歌是自发溢出的强烈的感觉:它源于情感中集聚的宁静书上：P17-P18 She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways她居住在人迹罕至的地方She dwelt among the untrodden ways 她住在人迹罕至的地方,Beside the springs of Dove, 圣洁的小溪在身边流淌,Maid whom there were none to praise 没有谁把这少女赞颂,And very few to love: 少有人为她挂肚牵肠。

A violet by a mossy tone 她是紫罗兰身影半露Half hidden from the eye! 生苔的墓碑将她遮挡;–Fair as a star, when only one 美丽如一颗孤星,Is shining in the sky. 在夜空里闪闪发亮。

She lived unknown, and few could know 没有谁了解她曾活在世上,When Lucy ceased to be; 少有人知道她何时夭亡;But she is in her grave, and, oh, 躺在墓中的露西啊, 躺在墓中的露西啊,The difference to me! 唯有我与别人都不一样。

P19 I wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独地漫游，像云朵一样--《黄水仙》I wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云That floats on high o'er vales and hills, 在山丘和谷地上飘荡，When all at once I saw a crowd, 忽然间我看见一群A host, of golden daffodils; 金色的水仙花迎春开放Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 在树荫下，在湖水边，Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. 迎着微风起舞翩翩。

continuous as the stars that shine 连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂and twinkle on the milky way, 在银河里闪闪发光，they stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着湖湾的边缘along the margin of a bay. 延伸成无穷无尽的一行Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 我一眼看见了一万朵，tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。

The waves beside them danced; but they 粼粼波光也在跳着舞，out-did the sparkling waves in glee: 水仙的欢欣却胜过水波a poet could not but be gay, 与这样快活的伴侣为伍in such a jocund company: 诗人怎能不满心欢乐！I gazed---and gazed---but little thought 我久久凝望，却想象不到what wealth the show to me had brought: 这奇景赋予我多少财宝，For oft, when on my couch I lie 每当我躺在床上不眠in vacant or in pensive mood, 或心神空茫，或默默沉思they flash upon that inward eye 它们常在心灵中闪现，which is the bliss of solitude; 那是孤独之中的福祉and then my heart with pleasure fills, 于是我的心便涨满幸福and dances with the daffodils. 和水仙一同翩翩起舞。

单词：outdid 超越sparking闪烁着oft--often三.Lord Byron拜伦----革命党人-----cantos诗章代表作：Hours of Idleness《闲散时刻》（不成熟的作品----the first volume of poem首卷诗）Childe Harold Pilgrimage 《查尔德.哈罗德游记（cantos诗章）Dramas:Manfred《曼菲尔德》Cain《该隐》成名作：Don Juan《唐璜》（poem 诗satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作）His style : Byron’s language is moody and vivid,and he covers ares,both geographically and emotionally .他的语言喜怒无常，涵盖了地域、地理和情感。

Vivid生动的，形象的contemptuous轻视，蔑视self-reliant自立补充了解：the “Byronic heroes,”who are men with fiery passions and unbending will and express the poet’s own ideal of freedom. These heroes rise against tyranny and injustice, but they are merely lone fighters striving for personal freedom and some individualistic ends.拜伦式英雄---用炽热的激情和坚定地意志表达自由。

这些英雄，反抗暴政和不公，但他们仅是孤独的战士，争取个人自由，带有个人主义色彩。

Don Juan《唐璜》内容：讲述了西班牙贵族青年的故事。

《唐璜》是拜伦的代表长诗之一，诗中表现了唐璜的善良和正义，通过他的种种浪漫奇遇，描写了欧洲社会的人物百态，山水名城和社会风情，画面广阔，内容丰富，堪称一座艺术宝库。

P25-P27 When we two part 想从前我们俩分手When we two parted 想从前我们俩分手，In silence and tears, 默默无言地流着泪，Half broken-hearted 预感到多年的隔离To sever for years, 我们忍不住心碎Pale grew thy cheek and cold, 你的脸冰凉、发白，Colder thy kiss; 你的吻更似冷冰，Truly that hour foretold 呵，那一刻正预兆了Sorrow to this. 我今日的悲痛。

The dew of the morning 清早凝结着寒露，Sunk chill on my brow—冷彻了我的额角，It felt like the warning 那种感觉仿佛是Of what I feel now. 对我此刻的警告。

Thy vows are all broken, 你的誓言全破碎了，And light is thy fame: 你的行为如此轻浮I hear thy name spoken, 人家提起你的名字And share in its shame. 我听了也感到羞辱They name thee before me, 他们当着我讲到你A knell to mine ear; 一声声有如丧钟；A shudder comes o'er me—我的全身一阵颤栗——Why wert thou so dear? 为什么对你如此情重？They know not I knew thee, 没有人知道我熟识你Who knew thee too well: 呵，熟识得太过了——Long, long shall I rue thee, 我将长久、长久地悔恨，Too deeply to tell. 这深处难以为外人道。