2021年大学英语四级考试试题
21年四级考试题和答案
21年四级考试题和答案****一、听力理解（共30分）**1. A)** 教授在讨论一个历史事件。
**2. B)** 男人在询问女人是否喜欢这个课程。
**3. C)** 女人建议男人去图书馆。
**4. A)** 男人认为这个项目很有趣。
**5. B)** 女人认为这个项目太难了。
**6. C)** 男人和女人正在讨论一个会议。
**7. A)** 女人认为这个会议很重要。
**8. B)** 男人认为这个会议很无聊。
**9. C)** 女人建议男人去参加会议。
**10. A)** 男人认为这个会议很有意义。
二、阅读理解（共35分）**11-15:****11. D)** 根据文章第二段，这个观点被提出来是为了解释为什么人们在面对困难时会感到焦虑。
**12. A)** 文章第三段提到，这种焦虑感可以通过改变思维方式来减轻。
**13. C)** 根据文章第四段，作者认为这种焦虑感是不必要的，因为它并不能帮助我们解决问题。
**14. B)** 文章最后一段提到，通过实践和经验，我们可以学会如何更好地应对这种焦虑感。
**15. D)** 文章主旨在于讨论如何通过改变思维方式来减轻面对困难时的焦虑感。
**16-20:****16. B)** 根据文章第二段，这个观点是为了说明为什么有些人在面对压力时表现得更好。
**17. C)** 文章第三段提到，这种能力可以通过训练来提高。
**18. A)** 根据文章第四段，作者认为这种能力对于个人的成功非常重要。
**19. D)** 文章最后一段提到，通过正确的方法，我们可以提高这种能力。
**20. B)** 文章主旨在于讨论如何提高面对压力时的表现能力。
三、词汇和语法（共15分）**21. A)** 正确答案是 "influenced"，因为这里需要一个过去分词来修饰名词 "the way"。
**22. C)** 正确答案是 "whether"，因为这里需要一个连接词来引导一个宾语从句，表示选择。
2021年6月《大学英语四级》第1套 考试真题与参考答案
2021年6月《大学英语四级》考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled “Is technology making people lazy?". The statement given below is for your reference. You should write at least 120 words bu no more than 180 words.Many studies claim that computers distract people, make them lazy thinkers and even lower their work efficiency.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A)Enrol him in a Newcastle football club.B)Send him to an after-school art class.C) Forbid him to draw in his workbook.D) Help him post his drawings online.2. A) Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.B) Hired Joe to paint all the walls of is buildings.C) Renovated its kitchen and all the dining-rooms.D) Asked Joe for permission to use his online drawings.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Get her pet dog back.B) Beg for help from the police.C) Identify the suspect on the security video.D) Post pictures of her pet dog on social media.4. A) It is suffering a great deal from the incident.B) It is helping the police with the investigation.C) It is bringing the case to the local district court.D) It is offering a big reward to anyone who helps.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Provide free meals to the local poor.B) Help people connect with each other.C) Help eliminate class difference in his area,D) Provide customers with first-class service.6. A) It does not supervise its employees.B) It donates regularly to a local charity.C) It does not use volunteers.D) It is open round the clock.7. A) They will realise the importance of communication.B) They will come to the cafe even more frequently.C) They will care less about their own background.D)They will find they have something in common.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) A surprise party for Paul’s birthday. .B) Travel plans for the coming weekend.C) Preparations for Saturday’s get-together.D) The new market on the other side of town.9. A) It makes the hostess’s job a whole lot easier.B) It enables guests to walk around and chat freely.C) It saves considerable time and labor.D) It requires fewer tables and chairs.10. A) It offers some big discounts.B) It is quite close to her house.C) It is more spacious and less crowded.D) It sells local wines and soft drinks.11. A) Cook a dish for the party.B) Arrive 10 minutes earlier.C) Prepare a few opening remarks.D) Bring his computer and speakers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) For commuting to work.B) For long-distance travel,C) For getting around in Miami.D) For convenience at weekends.13. A) They are reliable.B) They are compact.C) They are spacious.D) They are easy to drive.14. A) Buy a second-hand car.B) Trust her own judgment.C) Seek advice from his friend.D) Look around before deciding.15. A) He sells new cars,B) He can be trusted.C) He is starting a business.D) He is a successful car dealer.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16. A) Many escaped from farms and became wild.B) They were actually native to North America.C) Many got kill in the wild when searching for food.D) They were hunted by Spanish and Russian explorers.17. A) They often make sudden attacks on people.B) They break up nature’s food supply chain.C) They cause much environmental pollution.D) They carry a great many diseases.18. A) They lived peacefully with wild pigs.B) They ran out of food completely.C) They fell victim to eagles.D) They reproduced quickly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Taste coffee while in outer space.B) Roast coffee beans in outer space.C) Develop a new strain of coffee bean.D) Use a pressurised tank to brew coffee.20. A) They can easily get burned.B) They float around in the oven.C) They have to be heated to 360°C.D) They receive evenly distributed heat.21. A) They charged a high price for their space-roasted coffee beans.B) They set up a branch in Dubai to manufacture coffee roasters.C) They collaborated on building the first space coffee machine.D) They abandoned the attempt to roast coffee beans in space. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) It is the best time for sightseeing.B) A race passes through it annually.C) They come to clean the Iditarod Trail,D) It is when the villagers choose a queen.23. A) Its children’s baking skills.B) Its unique winter scenery.C) Its tasty fruit pies.D) Its great food variety.24. A) The contestants.B) The entire village.C) Jan Newton and her friends.D) People from the state of Idaho.25. A) She owned a restaurant in Idaho.B) She married her husband in 1972.C) She went to Alaska to compete in race.D) She helped the village to become famous.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Most animals seek shade when temperatures in the Sahara Desert soar to 120 degrees Fahrenheit, But for the Saharan silver ant, 26 from their underground nests into the sun’s Brutal to 27 for food, this is the perfect time to seek lunch. In 2015 these ants were joined in the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the 28 heat tracking the ants and digging out their nests. The goal was simple, to discover how the 29 adapted to the kind of heat that can 30 melt the bottom of shoes.Back in Belgium, the scientists looked at the ants under an electronic microscope and found that their 31 triangular hair reflects light like a prism (棱镜), giving them a metallic reflection and protecting them from the sun’s awful heat. When Ph.D. student Quentin Willot 32 the hair from an ant with 33 knife and put it under a heat lamp, its temperature jumped.The ants’ method of staying cool is 34 among animals. Could this reflective type of hair protect people? Willot says companies are interested in 35 these ants' method of heat protection for human use, including everything from helping to protect the lives of firefighters to keeping homes cool in summer.A) adaptingB) consciouslyC) crawlingD) crowdedE) extremeF) huntG) literallyH) moderate D) remote J) removed K) species L) specimens M) thick N) tiny0) uniqueSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The start of high school doesn’t have to be stressful[A] This month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin high school. Many will do well. But many will not. Consider that nearly two-thirds of students will experience the “ninth- grade shock,” which refers to a dramatic drop in a student’s academic performance. Some students cope with this shock by avoiding challenges. For instance, they may drop difficult coursework. Others may experience a hopelessness that results in failing their core classes, such as English, science and math.[B] This should matter a great deal to parents, teachers and policymakers. Ultimately it should matter to the students themselves and society at large, because students’ experience of transitioning (过渡) to the ninth grade can have long-term consequences not only for the students themselves but for their home communities. We make these observations as research psychologists who have studied how schools and families can help young people thrive.[C] In the new global economy, students who fail to finish the ninth grade with passing grades in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs. One study has calculated that the lifetime benefit to the local economy for a single additional student who completes high school is half a million dollars or more. This is based on higher earnings and avoided costs in health care, crime, welfare dependence and other things.[D] The consequences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than students’ ability to find a good job. It can also impact the extent to which they enjoy life. Students lose many of the friends they turned to for support when they move from the eighth to the ninth grade. One study of ninth-grade students found that 50 percent of friendships among ninth graders changed from one month to the next, signaling striking instability in friendships.[E] In addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in depression of any year over the lifespan. Researchers think that one explanation is that ties to friends are broken while academic demands are rising. Furthermore, most adult cases of clinical depression first emerge in adolescence (青春期). The World Health Organization reports that depression has the greatest burden of disease worldwide, in terms of the total cost of treatment and the loss of productivity.[F]Given all that’s riding on having a successful ninth grade experience, it pays to explore what can be done to meet the academic, social and emotional challenges of the transition to high school. So far, our studies have yielded one main insight: Students' beliefs about change--their beliefs about whether people are stuck one way forever, or whether people can change their personalities and abilities--are related to their ability to cope, succeed academically and maintain good mental health. Past research has called these beliefs “mindsets (思维模式),” with a “fixed mindset” referring to the belief that people cannot change and a “growth mindset” referring to the belief that people can change.[G]In one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents’ beliefs about the nature of“smartness”--that is, their fixed mindsets about intelligence.. We then assessed biological stress responses for students whose grades were dropping by examining their stress hormones(荷尔蒙).Students who believed that intelligence is fixed--that you are stuck being“not smart” if you struggle in school--showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade. If students believed that intelligence could improve -- that is to say, when they held more of a growth mindset of intelligence--they showed lower levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining. This was an exiting result because it showed that the body’s stress responses are not determined solely by one’s grades. Instead, declining grades only predicted worse stress hormones among students who believed that worsening grades were a permanent and hopeless state of affairs.[H]We also investigated the social side of the high school transition. In this study, instead of teaching students that their smartness can change, we taught them that their social standing--that is, whether they are bullied or excluded or left out - can change over time. We then looked at high school students’ stress responses to daily social difficulties. That is, we taught them a growth mindset about their social lives. In this study, students came into the laboratory and were asked to give a public speech in font of upper-year students. The topic of the speech was what makes one popular in high school. Following this, students had to complete a difficult mental math task in front of the same upper-year students.[I]Experiment results showed that students who were not taught that people can change showed poor stress responses. When these students gave the speech, their blood vessels contracted and their hearts pumped less blood through the body -- both responses that the body shows when it is preparing for damage or defeat after a physical threat. Then they gave worse speeches and made more mistakes in math. But when students were taught that people can change, they had better responses to stress, in part because they felt like they had the resources to deal with the demanding situation. Students who got the growth mindset intervention (干预) showed less-contracted blood vessels and their hearts pumped more blood- both of which contributed to more oxygen getting to the brain, and, ultimately, better performance on the speech and mental math tasks.[J]These findings lead to several possibilities that we are investigating further. First, we are working to replicate (复制) these findings in more diverse school communities. We want to know in which types of schools and for which kinds of students these growth mindset ideas help young people adapt to the challenges of high school. We also hope to learn how teachers, parents or school counselors can help students keep their ongoing academic or social difficulties in perspective. We wonder what would happen if schools helped to make beliefs about the potential for change and improvement a larger feature of the overall school culture, especially for students staring the ninth grade.36. The number of people experiencing depression shows a sharp increase in the first year of high school.37. According to one study, students’ academic performance is not the only decisive factor of their stress responses.38. Researchers would like to explore further how parents and schools can help ninth graders by changing their mindset.39. According to one study, each high school graduate contributes at least 500,000 dollars to the local economy.，40. In one study, students were told their social position in school is not unchangeable.41. It is reported that depression results in enormous economic losses worldwide.42. One study showed that friendships among ninth graders were far from stable.43. More than half of students will find their academic performance declining sharply when they enter the ninth grade.44. Researchers found through experiments that students could be taught to respond to stress in more positive way.45. It is beneficial to explore ways to cope with the challenges facing students entering high school.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) sills needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they wok together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer.Focusing on STEM skills is important, but the reality is that STEM sills are enhanced and more relevant when combined with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This combination is proving to be the best way to prepare today’s children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play.In fact many experts argue that the most important 2lst-century skills aren’t related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity; skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem-solving, teamwork, optimism, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills acquired when kids tinker (鼓捣小玩意), High-tech industries such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best overall problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth.There are cognitive (认知的) benefits of doing things the way we did as children—building something, tearing it down, then building, it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free pay, four- and five-year-olds will spend a hid of this time engaged in spatial, mathematical，and architectural activities. This type of play—especial with building blocks--helps children discover and develop key principles in math and geometry.If play and building are critical 1o 2lst century skill development, that’s really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so fostering(培养) 2lst-centary skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try thing out,even as they growolder, Secondly, it doesn't take 21st-century technology to foster 2lst-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials are handy and tinkering with them is a simple way to engage those important “maker” skills. And anyone, anywhere. can do it.46. What docs the author say about educators?A) They seek advice from technology companies to achieve teaching goals.B) They have been successful in preparing the workforce for companies.C) They help students acquire the skills needed for their future success.D) They partner with technology companies to enhance teaching efficiency.47. How can educators better develop students’ STEM skills, according to the author?A) By blending them with traditional, stimulating activities.B) By inviting business leaders to help design curriculums.C) By enhancing students’ ability to think in a critical way.D) By showing students the best way to learn is through play.48. How do children acquire the skills needed for the 21st century?A) By engaging in activities involving specific technologies.B) By playing with things to solve problems on their own.C) By familiarizing themselves with high-tech gadgets.D) By mastering basic principles through teamwork.49. What can we do to help children learn the basics of math and geometry?A) Stimulate their interest as early as possible.B) Spend more time playing games with them.C) Encourage them to make things with hands.D) Allow them to tinker freely with calculators.50. What does the author advise disadvantaged schools and communities to do?A) Train students to be makers to meet future market demands.B) Develop students’ creative skills with the resources available.C) Engage students with challenging tasks to foster their creativity.D) Work together with companies to improve their teaching facilities.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Being an information technology, or IT, worker is not a job I envy. They are the ones who, right in the middle of a critical meeting, are expected to instantly fix the projector that’s no longer working. They have to tolerate the bad tempers of colleagues frustrated at the number of times they've had to call the help desk for the same issue. They are also the ones who know there are systems that are more powerful, reliable and faster, but their employer simply will not put up the funds to buy them.According to a recent survey, employees who have a job reliant on IT support consider IT a major source of job dissatisfaction. Through no fault of they own, they can suddenly find their productivity deteriorating or quality control non-existent. And there’s little they can do about it.The experience of using IT penetrates almost the entire work field. It has become a crucial part of employees’ overall work experience. When IT is operating as it should, employee self-confidence swells. Their job satisfaction, too, can surge when well-functioning machines relieve them of dull tasks or repetitive processes. But if there’s one thing that triggers widespread employee frustration, it’s an IT transformation project gone wrong, where swollen expectations have been popped and a long list of promised efficiencies have been reversed.This occurs when business leaders implement IT initiatives with little consideration of how those changes will impact the end user.Which is why managers should appreciate just how influential the IT user experience is to their employees, and exert substantial effort in ensuring their IT team eliminates programming errors and application crashes. Adequate and timely IT support should also be available to enable users to cope with technological issues at work. More importantly, IT practitioners need to understand what employees experience mentally when hey use IT.Therefore, businesses need to set up their IT infrastructure so that it is designed to fit in with their employees’ work, rather than adjust their wok to fit in with the company’s IT limitations.51. What does the author say about working in IT?A)It is envied by many.B) It does not appeal to him.C It is financially rewarding.D) It does not match his abilities.52. What is the finding of a recent survey on employees who have a job reliant on IT support?A) IT helps boost productivity.B) IT helps improve quality control.C) Many employees are deeply frustrated by IT.D) Most employees rely heavily on IT in their work.53. What is said to happen when IT is functioning properly?A) There is a big boost in employees’ work efficiency.B) Employees become more dependent on machines.C) There are no longer any boring or repetitive tasks.D) Employees become more confident in their work.54. What should business leaders do before implementing new IT initiatives?A) Consider the various expectations of their customers.B) Draw up a list of the efficiencies to be promised.C) Assess the swollen cost of training the employees.D) Think about the possible effects on their employees.55. How can a business help improve its employees' experience in using IT?A) By designing systems that suit their needs.B) By ensuring that their mental health is sound.C) By adjusting their work to suit the 1T system.D) By offering them regular in-service training.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.普洱(Pu’er)茶深受中国人喜爱。
2021年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)
2021年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）答案请戳：2021年6月四级真题答案发布【试卷一】（xx网校版）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/attached/media/20211113/20211113103125_157 5.mp3Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.D.The woman should go on playing chess.2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C.Mary probably knows Sally's new address.D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.B.His notes are not easy to read.C.He did not attend today's class.D.He is very pleased to be able to help.4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.C.He will clean the woman's boots for spring.D.He will help the woman put things away.6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.B.The man appreciates the woman's help.C.The man often lends books to the woman.D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.7.A.Go to work on foot.B.Take a sightseeing trip.C.Start work earlier than usual.D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport's operation.D.The airport's management is in real need of improvement. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.B.It is headquartered in London.C.It has a partnership with LCP.D.It has a chemical processing plant.10.A.He is Mr.Grand's friend.B.He is a safety inspector.C.He is a salesman.D.He is a chemist.11.A.Director of the safety department.B.Mr.Grand's personal assistant.C.Head of the personnel department.D.The public relations officer.12. A.Walt for Mr.Grand to call back.B.Leave a message for Mr.Grand.C.Provide details of their products and services.D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.C.She gave her first performance with her father.D.She became a professional violinist at fifteen.15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.B.It was the chance of a lifetime.C.It was a great challenge to her.D.It helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.B.There are many misunderstandings about him.C.His works have no match worldwide.D.His personal history is little known.17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.C.He was a member of the town council.D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.D.People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.Theft.B.Cheating.C.Air crash.D.Road accidents.20. A.Learn the local customs.B.Make hotel reservations.C.Book tickets well in advance.D.Have the right documents.21.A.Contact your agent.B.Get a lift if possible.e official transport.D.Have a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.Cut down production cost.B.Sell inexpensive products.C.Specialise in gold ornaments.D.Refine the taste of his goods.23.A.At a national press conference.B.During a live television interview.C.During a local sales promotion campaign.D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.24.A.Insulted.B.Puzzled.C.Distressed.D.Discouraged.25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.C.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required tofill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such asforests.This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will helpstates and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesmitmentponentF.contestsG.criticallyH.developI.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potentialM.properlyN.qualifiedO.retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA.Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2020 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about thesame at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E.Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburgerpromotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.F.Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.panies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H.As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's willstart selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.J.In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items theyserve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.K.In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2020 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirelyreliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap ona hat.56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the 2020 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extremein America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part ⅣTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
2021年12月英语四级真题及答案【共3套】
2021年12月英语四级真题及答案【共3套】第一套试题：一、听力理解1. A) He couldn't find his mobile phone.B) He was late for work.C) He missed the train.D) He had a traffic accident.2. A) The woman is a manager.B) The man is a customer.C) The woman is a sales assistant.D) The man is a repairman.3. A) He is a football player.B) He is a basketball player.C) He is a swimmer.D) He is a runner.4. A) The man wants to buy a new car.B) The woman is interested in buying a car.C) The man wants to sell his old car.D) The woman is a car salesman.5. A) The man is going to a party.B) The woman is going to a party.C) The man is going to a concert.D) The woman is going to a concert.二、阅读理解1. A) The importance of education.B) The benefits of exercise.C) The dangers of smoking.D) The value of friendship.2. A) They help students learn faster.B) They make students more confident.C) They improve students' health.D) They make students more creative.3. A) He has a strong sense of responsibility.B) He is very kind and helpful.C) He is very intelligent and hardworking.D) He is very popular among his classmates.4. A) It is very expensive.B) It is very difficult to find.C) It is very popular among students.D) It is very useful for learning English.5. A) He is a famous scientist.B) He is a famous actor.C) He is a famous writer.D) He is a famous musician.三、写作The Importance of English Learning英语学习在当今社会变得越来越重要。
2021年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(全套详解)
2021年6月大学英语四级真题及答案（全套详解）2021年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(多套题及翻译）CET4Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.题目一：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的校园，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目二：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的家乡，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目三：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, whatis the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观中国，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2021年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(3套全)
2021年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled "Are people becoming addicted to technology?" The statement given below is for your reference. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)两套听力原文、题目及答案在21页开始。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Social isolation poses more health risks than obesity or smoking 15 cigarettes a day, according to research published by Brigham Young University. The 26 is that loneliness is a huge, if silent, risk factor.Loneliness affects physical health in two ways. First, it produces stress hormones that can lead to many health problems. Second, people who live alone are less likely to go to the doctor 27, to exercise or to eat a healthy diet.Public health experts in many countries are 28 how to address widespread loneliness in our society. Last year Britain even appointed a minister for loneliness. "Loneliness 29 almost every one of us at some point," its minister for loneliness Baroness Barran said. "It can lead to very serious health 30 for individuals who become isolated and disconnected."Barran started a "Let's Talk Loneliness" campaign that 31 difficult conversations across Britain. He is now supporting 32 benches, "which are public seating areas where people are encouraged to go and chat with one another. The minister is also 33 to stop public transportation from being cut in ways that leave people isolated More than one-fifth of adults in both the United States and Britain said in a 2018 34 hat they often or always feel lonely.More than half of American adults are unmarried, and researchers have found that even among those who are married, 30% of relationships are 35 strained. A quarter of Americans now live alone, and as the song says, one is the loneliest number.A) abruptly E) dimensions I) implication M) splittingB) appointments F) friendly J) pushing N) surveyC) consequences G) hindered K) severely O) touchesD) debating H) idiom L) sparkedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.What happens when a language has no words for numbers?[A] Numbers do not exist in all cultures. There are numberless hunter-gatherers embedded deep in Amazonia,living along branches of the world s largest river tree. Instead of using words for precise quantities, these people rely exclusively on terms analogous to “a few” or “some.”In contrast, our own lives are governed by numbers. As you read this, you are likely aware of what time it is, how old you are, your checking account balance, your weight and so on. The exact (and exacting) numbers we think with impact everything from our schedules to our self-esteem.[B] But, in a historical sense, numerically fixated people like us are the unusual ones. For the bulk of ourspecies’approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we had no means of precisely representing quantities.What’s more, the 7,000 or so languages that exist today vary dramatically in how they utilize numbers. [C] Speakers of a numeric, or numberless, languages offer a window into how the invention of numbersreshaped the human experience. In a new book, I explored the ways in which humans invented numbers, and how numbers subsequently played a critical role in other milestones, from the advent of agriculture to the genesis of writing. Cultures without numbers, or with only one or two precise numbers, include the Munduruku and Piraha in Amazonia. Researchers have also studied some adults in Nicaragua who were never taught number words. Without numbers, healthy human adults struggle to precisely differentiate and recall quantities as low as four. In an experiment, a researcher will place nuts into a can one at a time, then remove them one by one. The person watching is asked to signal when all the nuts have been removed. Responses suggest that anumeric people have some trouble keeping track of how many nuts remain in the can, even if there are only four or five in total.[D] This and many other experiments have converged upon a simple conclusion: When people do not havenumber words, they struggle to make quantitative distinctions that probably seem natural to someone like you or me. While only a small portion of the world s languages are anumeric or nearly anumeric, they demonstrate that number words are not a human universal.[E] It is worth stressing that these anumeric people are cognitively normal, well-adapted to the environs theyhave dominated for centuries. As the child of missionaries, I spent some of my youth living with anumeric indigenous people, the aforementioned Piraha who live along the sinuous banks of the black Maici River. Like other outsiders, I was continually impressed by their superior understanding of the ecology we shared. Yet numberless people struggle with tasks that require precise discrimination between quantities. Perhaps this should be unsurprising. After all, without counting, how can someone tell whether there are, say, seven or eight coconuts in a tree? Such seemingly straightforward distinctions become blurry through numberless eyes.[F] This conclusion is echoed by work with anumeric children in industrialized societies. Prior to beingspoon-fed number words, children can only approximately discriminate quantities beyond three. We must be handed the cognitive tools of numbers before we can consistently and easily recognize higher quantities. In fact, acquiring the exact meaning of number words is a painstaking process that takes children years. Initially, kids learn numbers much like they learn letters. They recognize that numbers are organized sequentially, but have little awareness of what each individual number means. With time, they start to understand that a given number represents a quantity greater by one than the preceding number.This "successor principle" is part of the foundation of our numerical cognition, but requires extensive practice to understand.[G] None of us, then, is really a "numbers person." We are not predisposed to handle quantitative distinctionsadroitly. In the absence of the cultural traditions that infuse our lives with numbers from infancy, we would all struggle with even basic quantitative distinctions. Number words and written numerals transform our quantitative reasoning as they are coaxed into our cognitive experience by our parents, peers and school teachers. The process seems so normal that we sometimes think of it as a natural part of growing up, but it is not. Human brains come equipped with certain quantitative instincts that are refined with age, but these instincts are very limited. For instance, even at birth we are capable of distinguishing between two markedly different quantities – for instance, eight from 16 things. But we are not the only species capable of such abstractions.[H] Compared to chimps and other primates, our numerical instincts are not as remarkable as many presume.We even share some basic instinctual quantitative reasoning with distant non-mammalian relatives like birds. Indeed, work with some other species, including parrots, suggests they too can refine their quantitative thought if they are introduced to the cognitive power tools we call numbers.[I] So, how did we ever invent "unnatural" numbers in the first place? The answer is, literally, at yourfingertips. The bulk of the world's languages use base-10, base-20 or base-5 number systems. That is, these smaller numbers are the basis of larger numbers. English is a base-10 or decimal language, as evidenced by words like 14 ("four" + "10") and 31 ("three" x "10" + "one"). We speak a decimal language because an ancestral tongue, proto-Indo-European, was decimally based. Proto-Indo-European was decimally oriented because, as in so many cultures, our linguistic ancestors' hands served as the gateway to realizations like "five fingers on this hand is the same as five fingers on that hand." Such transient thoughts were manifested into words and passed down across generations. This is why the word "five" in many languages is derived from the word for "hand." Most number systems, then, are the by-product of two key factors: the human capacity for language and our propensity for focusing on our hands and fingers. This manual fixation – an indirect by-product of walking upright on two legs – has helped yield numbers in most cultures, but not all.[J] Cultures without numbers also offer insight into the cognitive influence of particular numeric traditions.Consider what time it is. Your day is ruled by minutes and seconds, but these entities are not real in any physical sense and are nonexistent to numberless people. Minutes and seconds are the verbal and written vestiges of an uncommon base-60 number system used in Mesopotamia millennia ago. They reside in ourminds, numerical artifacts that not all humans inherit conceptually.[K] Research on the language of numbers shows, more and more, that one of our species' key characteristics is tremendous linguistic(语言的) and cognitive diversity. If we are to truly understand how much our cognitive lives differ cross-culturally, we must continually sound the depths of our species' linguistic diversity.36. It is difficult for anumeric people to keep track of the change in numbers even when the total is very small.37. Human numerical instincts are not so superior to those of other mammals as is generally believed.38. The author emphasizes being anumeric does not affect one's cognitive ability.39. In the long history of mankind, humans who use numbers are a very small minority.40. An in-depth study of differences between human languages contributes to a true understanding ofcognitive differences between cultures.41. A conclusion has been drawn from many experiments that anumeric people have a hard timedistinguishing quantities.42. Making quantitative distinctions is not an inborn skill.43. Every aspect of our lives is affected by numbers.44. Larger numbers are said to be built upon smaller numbers.45. It takes great efforts for children to grasp the concept of number words.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Sugar shocked. That describes the reaction of many Americans this week following revelations that, 50 years ago, the sugar industry paid Harvard scientists for research that shifted the focus away from sugar's role in heart disease-and put the spotlight（注意的中心）squarely on dietary fat.What might surprise consumers is just how many present-day nutrition studies are still funded by the food industry. Nutrition scholar Marion Nestle of New York University spent a year informally tracking industry-funded studies on food."Roughly 90%of nearly 170 studies favored the sponsor's interest," Nestle tells us. Other systematic reviews support her conclusions.For instance, studies funded by Welch Foods the brand behind Welch's 100%Grape Juice found that drinking Concord grape juice daily may boost brain function. Another, funded by Quaker Oats, concluded, as a Daily Mail story put it, that" hot oatmeal（燕麦粥）breakfast keeps you full for longer."Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding well-known scientists and organizations promoting a message that, in the battle against weight gain，people should pay more attention toexercise and less to what they eat and drink. Coca-Cola also released data detailing its funding of several medical institutions and associations between 2010 and 2015."It's certainly a problem that so much research in nutrition and health is funded by industry," says Bonie Liebman, director of nutrition at the Center for Science in the Public Interest."When the food industry pays for research, it often gets what it pays for."And what it pays for is often a pro-industry finding.Given this environment, consumers should be skeptical（怀疑的）when reading the latest finding in nutrition science and ignore the latest study that pops up on your news feed."Rely on health experts who've reviewed all the evidence," Liebman says, pointing to the official government Dietary Guidelines which are based on reviews of hundreds of studies."And that expert advice remains pretty simple," says Nestle." We know what healthy diets are lots of vegetables, not too much junk food, balanced calories. Everything else is really difficult to do experimentally."46. What did Harvard scientists do 50 years ago?A. They raised public awareness of the possible causes of heart disease.B. They turned public attention away from the health risks of sugar to fat.C. They placed the sugar industry in the spotlight with their new findings.D. They conducted large-scale research on the role of sugar in people's health.47. What does Marion Nestle say about present-day nutrition studies?A. They took her a full year to track and analyze.B. Most of them are based on systematic reviews.C. They depend on funding from the food industries.D. Nearly all of them serve the purpose of the funders.48. What did Coca-Cola funded studies claim?A. Exercise is more important to good health than diet.B. Choosing what to eat and drink is key to weight control.C. Drinking Coca-Cola does not contribute to weight gain.D. The food industry plays a major role in fighting obesity.49. What does Liebman say about industry-funded research?A. It simply focuses on nutrition and health.B. It causes confusion among consumers.C. It rarely results in objective findings.D. It runs counter to the public interest50. What is the author s advice to consumers?A. Follow their intuition in deciding what to eat.B. Be doubtful of diet experts' recommendations.C. Ignore irrelevant information on their news feed.D. Think twice about new nutrition research findings.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Success was once defined as being able to stay at a company for a long time and move up the corporate ladder. The goal was to reach the top, accumulate wealth and retire to a life of ease. My father is a successful senior executive. In 35 years, he worked for only three companies.When I started my career，things were already different. If you weren't changing companies every three or four years, you simply weren't getting ahead in your career. But back then, if you were a consultant or freelancer（自由职业者）, people would wonder what was wrong with you. They would assume you had problems getting a job.Today, consulting or freelancing for five businesses at the same time is a badge of honor. It shows how valuable an individual is. Many companies now look to these "ultimate professionals" to solve problems their full-time teams can't. Or they save money by hiring "top-tier(顶尖的)experts" only for particular projects.Working at home or in cafes，starting businesses of their own，and even launching business ventures that eventually may fail, all indicate "initiative,""creativity," and "adaptability," which are desirable qualities in today’s workplace. Most important, there is a growing recognition that people who balance work and play, and who work at what they are passionate about，are more focused and productive，delivering greater value to their clients.Who are these people? They are artists, writers，programmers，providers of office services and career advice. What's needed now is a marketplace platform specifically designed to bring freelancers and clients together. Such platforms then become a place to feature the most experienced，professional，and creative talent. This is where they conduct business. Where a sense of community reinforces the culture and values of the gig economy(零工经济)，and where success is rewarded with good reviews that encourage more business.Slowly but surely, these platforms create a bridge between traditional enterprises and this emerging economy. Perhaps more important, as the global economy continues to be disrupted by technology and other massive change, the gig economy will itself become an engine of economic and social transformation.51. What does the author use the example of his father to illustrate?A. How long people took to reach the top of their career.B. How people accumulated wealth in his father's time.C. How people viewed success in his father's time.D. How long people usually stayed in a company.52. Why did people often change jobs when the author started his career?A. It was considered a fashion at that time.B. It was a way to advance in their career.C. It was a response to the changing job market.D. It was difficult to keep a job for long.53. What does the author say about people now working for several businesses at the same time?A. They are often regarded as most treasured talents.B. They are able to bring their potential into fuller play.C. They have control over their life and work schedules.D. They feel proud of being outstanding problem-solver54. What have businesses come to recognize now?A. Who is capable of solving problems with ease.B. How people can be more focused and productive.C. What kind of people can contribute more to them.D. Why some people are more passionate about work.55. What does the author say about the gig economy?A. It may force companies to reform their business practice.B. It may soon replace the traditional economic model.C. It will drive technological progress on a global scale.D. It will bring about radical economic and social changes.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.铁观音(Tieguanyin)是中国最受欢迎的茶之一，原产自福建省安溪县西坪镇，如今安溪全县普遍种植，但该县不同地区生产的铁观音又各具风味。
2021年6月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版
2021年6月大学英语四级真题及答案完整版Writing【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to help elderly people in the neighborhood、 You shouldwrite at least120 words but no more than180 words、Part Ⅲ Reading Section ASection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks、 You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage、 Read the passage through carefully before making your choices、Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter、Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre、 You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once、Just because they cant sing opera or ride a bicycle doesnt mean that animals dont have culture、 Theres no better exle of this than killer whales、 As one of themost_____(27)predators(食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the_____(28)of a cultured creature、 However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly_____(29)behaviors that appear to be driving their geic development、The word "culture" es from the Latin "colere",which_____(30)means "to cultivate" 、In other words, it refers to anything that is_____(31)or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural、 Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are、 For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain geic_____(32)that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing themto_____(33)in their cold climate、Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different_____(34)across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the pla, with an empire that_____(35)from pole to pole、 As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物)、 This, in turn, has amajor effect on their diet, leading scientiststo_____(36)that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals geic development、【选项】A、acquiredB、adaptationsC、brutalD、deliberatelyE、expressedF、extendsG、habitatsH、humbleI、imageJ、literallyK、refinedL、revolvesM、speculateN、structureO、thrivePart Ⅲ Reading Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs、Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived、 You may choose a paragraph more than once、Each paragraph is marked with a letter、 Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2、Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for18-to34-yearto34-yearin-five were living with their parents、[C] By全文结束》》,31、6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s)(32、1%)、 Some14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates、 The remaining22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling(兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories、[D] Its worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in全文结束》》、 This arrangement peaked around1940, when about35% of the nations18-to34-yearrelative or in some type of group quarters、[G] A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young、 Adults living with the parents、 The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage、 The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades、 In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether、 A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of todays young adult may never marry、 While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, theoverall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallensince1990、[H] In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of theirparent(s), and this is especially true of young men、Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades、 The share of young men with jobs peaked around1960 at84%、 In 全文结束》》, only71% of18-to34-year-old men were employed、 Similarly with earnings, young mens wages (after adjusting for inflation)have been on a downward trajectory(轨迹)since1970 and fell significantly form2000 to全文结束》》、 As wages have fallen ,the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s)has risen、[I] Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home、 Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since1960 and hence mightincreasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents、 For women, delayed marriage--which is related, in part, to labor market outes for menwhich is tied to financial means、For young adults without a bachelors degree, as of全文结束》》 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner、 By全文结束》》,36% of18-to34-year-olds who had not pleted a bachelors degree were living with their parent(s) while27% were living with a spouse or partner、 Among college graduates, in全文结束》》46% were married or living with a partner, and only19% were living with their parent(s)、 Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households、37、【题干】Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed、38、【题干】In全文结束》》, the percentage of men aged18 to34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts、39、【题干】The percentage of young people who are married orlive with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so、40、【题干】Around the mid-20th century, only20 percent of18-to34-year-old lived in their parents home、41、【题干】Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents、42、【题干】Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women、43、【题干】More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage、44、【题干】The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades、45、【题干】The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents、46、【题干】One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late or stay single all their livesPart Ⅲ Reading Section CDirections: There are2 passages in this section、 Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements、 For each of them there are four choices markedA、B、C、andD、 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre、Passage OneQuestions47 to51 are based on the following passage、According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men、 The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom、 And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying theyre stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders、So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, its not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets、Its also not all about work-life balance、Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and pete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a keybarrier for women seeking leadership roles、 Only about one-in-five say womens family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics、Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves、 Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions、As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace、 While53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in thefuture,44% say its only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men、 Americans are less doubtful when it es to politics:73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime、47、【题干】What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?【选项】A、They have to do more to distinguish themselves、B、They have to strive harder to win their positions、C、They are stronger than men in terms of willpower、D、They are just as intelligent and innovative as men、48、【题干】What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?【选项】A、They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success、B、They are lacking in confidence when peting with men、C、Their failures may have something to do with family duties、D、Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement、49、【题干】What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?【选项】A、Personality traits、B、Family responsibilities、C、Gender bias、D、Lack of vacancies、50、【题干】What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?【选项】A、More and more women will sit in the boardroom、B、Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change、C、The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders、D、People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders、51、【题干】What do most Americans expect to see soon on Americas political stage?【选项】A、A woman in the highest position of government、B、More and more women actively engaged in politics、C、A majority of women voting for a female president、D、As many women in top government positions as men、Passage TwoQuestions52 to56 are based on the following passage、People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining、16、5cm、 A global study looked at the average height of18-year-olds in200 countries1914 and全文结束》》、The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in1914, Dutch men have risen from12th place to claim top spot with an average height of182、5cm、 Larvian women、 Meanwhile, rose from28th place in1914 to bee the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of169、8cm、James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare、"An individual’s geics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, geics plays a less key role," he added、A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College、 "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said、 "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiova。
2021年12月英语四级真题及参考答案-三套全
2020年12月英语四级真题及参考答案-三套全四级写作第一套Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the change of communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.With the development of science and technology, we have witnessed the various huge changes of our daily life, among which, the change of communication is striking. However, people’s view on it never come to consensus. Concerning it, both communication online and offline have their merits.For one thing, no one denies that communication online brings great convenience to us, especially to those who have friends or relatives in remote areas. Because the change makes it possible for them to have frequent chat. And, the way we contact with others is diverse. Video calls and voice message can both meet modern people’s satisfaction. For another, the change is also making us disconnected. Due to the availability, people are gradually reluctant to have face-to-face communication with surrounding people, which is isolating us from the people we love.Given the factors above, the change of communication, we have to admit, is more like a double-edged sword. Neither do we discard it nor completely rely on it. Instead, we should make reasonable use of it so as to maximize its benefits.随着科学技术的发展，我们见证了我们日常生活中的各种巨大变化，其中沟通方式的变化是引人注目的。
2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一套
2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一套2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套) PartⅠ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A. It was dangerous to live in.B. It was going to be renovated.C. He could no longer pay the rent.D. He had sold it to the royal family. 2.A. A strike.B. A storm.C. A forest fire.D. A terrorist attack.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A. They lost contact with the emergency department.B. They were trapped in an underground elevator.C. They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D. They sent calls for help via a portable radio. 4. A. They tried hard to repair the elevator. B. They released the details of the accident. C. They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D. They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.A. Raise postage rates.B. Improve its services.C. Redesign delivery routes.D. Close some of its post offices. 6. A. Shortening business hours.B. Closing offices on holidays.C. Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D. Computerizing mall sorting processes.7. A. Many post office staff will lose their jobs. B. Many people will begin to complain. C. Taxpayers will be very pleased. D. A lot of controversy will arise. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. He will be kept from promotion. B. He will go through retraining.C. He will be given a warning.D. He will lose part of his pay. 9. A. He is always on time. B. He is a trustworthy guy.C. He is an experienced press operator.D. He is on good terms with his workmates. 10. A. She is a trade union representative. B. She is in charge of public relations. C. She is a senior manager of the shop. D. She is better at handling such matters. 11. A. He is skilled and experienced.B. He is very close to the manager.C. He is always trying to stir up trouble.D. He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. Open. B. Friendly. C. Selfish. D. Reserved.13. A. They stay quiet. B. They read a book.C. They talk about the weather.D. They chat with fellow passengers.14. A. She was always treated as a foreigner. B. She was eager to visit an English castle.C. She was never invited to a colleague's home.D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates. 15. A. Houses are much more quiet. B. Houses provide more privacy. C. They want to have more space. D. They want a garden of their own.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A. They don't have much choice of jobs. B. They are likely to get much higher pay.C. They don't have to go through job interviews.D. They will automatically be given hiring priority. 17. A. Ask their professors for help. B. Look at school bulletin boards. C. Visit the school careers service. D. Go through campus newspapers.18. A. Helping students find the books and journals they need. B. Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere. C. Helping students arrange appointments with librarians. D. Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19.A. It tastes better.B. It is easier to grow.C. It may be sold at a higher price.D. It can better survive extreme weathers. 20. A. It is healthier than green tea. B. It can grow in drier soil.C. It will replace green tea one day.D. It is immune to various diseases.21. A. It has been well received by many tea drinkers. B. It does not bring the promised health benefits. C. It has made tea farmers' life easier.D. It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.A. They need decorations to show their status.B. They prefer unique objects of high quality.C. They decorate their homes themselves.D. They care more about environment. 23. A. They were proud of their creations.B. They could only try to create at night.C. They made great contributions to society.D. They focused on the quality of their products. 24. A. Make wise choices. B. Identify fake crafts.C. Design handicrafts themselves.D. Learn the importance of creation.25. A. To boost the local economy. B. To attract foreign investments.C. To arouse public interest in crafts.D. To preserve the traditional culture.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense.But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes--animal fighting--things26 work out that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and \yet their criminal abusers oftenreceive a28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of allfederally-convicted animalfighters only get probation (缓刑).Some progress has been made in the prosecution (起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they29 penalties, and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31 these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a step in the right32, but we'd like to see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines. Along with this effort, we're working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from gettinginvolved in cruelty cases in the first place. A. convenient B. creates C. critically D. determine E. direction F. hesitate G. inadequate H. inspired I. method J. minimal K. rarely L. shelters M. strengthenN. sufferings O. tortured Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.When Work Becomes a GameA) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be knownas \: essentially, turning work into a game. \is about understandingwhat it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience ingames, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace andeducation,\the Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could alsomean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to L'Oréalto IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirworkplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that theglobal gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2021 to $11.1 billion by 2021.D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachershave long looked for fun ways to engage people's reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jackshas been \100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.E) But the word \and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation nowentering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. \people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,\F) A number of companies have sprung up--GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few--in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effectiveturn employees' ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. \a gamegame-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,\Werbach says. \principle isabout understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understandingof psychology. \G) Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.Sales people often fall into thiscategory. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is。
2021年12月全国大学英语四级真题及答案(全三套)
2021年12月全国大学英语四级真题及答案（一）一、听力部分：News Report One(1)A 22-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from a persistent cough was shocked to learn that she had a piece of chicken bone lodged in her lung.The unnamed woman from the province of Shandong started have coughing problems when she was 7 or 8 years old.For 14 years,she made numerous hospital visits.However,no doctor could identify any problem.Her uncontrollable coughing was a mystery.Finally,the woman got a full body scan at a hospital in the city of Qingdao.This special medical procedure revealed she had a chicken bone stuck in herlung.(2)Doctors performed surgery and removed the bone.The simple procedure went smoothly and the woman has recovered fully with the bone finally removed from her lung,the woman is very happy that she no longer suffers from that annoying cough.1.What was the woman’s problem?2.How was the woman’s problem eventually solved?News Report Two(3)A white shape named Prickles that ran away from an Australian farm during the 2013 bush fires recently returned home.According to farmer Alice Gray,Prickles was only a lamb when she ran away.The bush fires that hit the area back then destroyed a large part of her family’s massive property.They thought Prickles had died in the fire.But instead,the young sheep escaped into a 200-acre forest near the farm.(4)Once the fires were over,the family had to fix the damage done to the farm as it was such a large property,which included rebuilding about 40 kilometers of fencing.It was this huge fencing that prevented Pickles from finding her way back.Over the years,the family spotted her a few times.They even recorded her with cameras installed to monitor the activity.But when they knew Pringles was alive,they couldn’t find her and never expected her to re turn by herself.Seven years later,they were proven wrong.3.What does the news say about the white sheep Prickles?4.What the family do of the bush fires?News Report Three(5)Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in midair this morning.The aircraft was carrying 265 million pounds worth of gold and diamonds,when the door flew open,sending the precious metal back to earth.According to the official news agency,Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each.The plane was traveling from Yakutsk airport in a major diamond producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia.(6)However,the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after began losing some of its valuable cargo.Reports suggest some bars of gold were scattered up to fifteen miles away from the airport.Nine tons of gold on plane AN12 belonged to a gold mine company.Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery.(7)Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to takeoff are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.5.What is the news report mainly about?6.What did the aircraft do when the incident happened?7.What does the news report say about the technical engineers who worked on the plane beforetakeoff?Conversation One8.Why does the man have this conversation with the man recorded?His job is related to the customer service.9.What is the woman’s purpose of calling to the furniture company?She wants to know when she can get her money back.10.What does the woman say about her bank card?The new bank card will be sent to her on Tuesday,and the bank may has canceled the old one before the man made the payment.11.What does the man advise the woman to do?She needs to update the card details directly on the website.Conversation Two12.Why isn’t the man going to cook?He’s worn out.13.What does the man say he’ll do on his phone?He’ll use the food delivery app on his phone.14.What does the woman think of the Indian food?That’s not the kind of the hot she means.She needs something mild.15.What does the man think of the woman?She’s really difficult to please.Passage One(16)A new study carried out by the university of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behavior and wellbeing of their cats.The findings suggest that just as apparent personality can affect the personality of a child,the same is true for a cat and its owner.Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety,fear,anger,depression and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioral issues.Such cats display more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness.They will also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had come from happier and healthier cats.Researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them.(17)The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets and is therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them.The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the well-being of our pets.(18)Further research is needed to investigate the cause of nature of this relationship and look at how owners’personalities are directly influencing their pet’s behavior and well-being.It is possible that the well-being of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.16.What do we learn from the new study by the University of Lincoln?17.What does the passage say most pet owners want to do?18.What does the passage say it’s still needed to understand the effects of owners’personalities on their pets?Passage Two(19)One 50-minute run can add seven hours to your life.This was a claim made by The Times last week.The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running.The review concluded that an average runners live three years longer than non-runners and that running doesmore to extend life than any other form of exercise.But there’s more to running than its health benefits.(20)Research published in recent years have shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.However,the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short fast running or long distance runni ng.For example,in one study,researchers compared participants’ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running,and after 40 minutes of gentlerunning,participants were able to learn 20 percent faster after the intense running and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later.In another study,researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then showed them clips from a sad movie.Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely affecte d by the sad clips just as you’d expect.But crucially,this was less so if they had completed the 30 minutes jog.(21)The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.19.What did the new review of studies claim?20.What is one effect that running has on people according to recent research?21.What did another study find about the participant after they had a 30 minutes jog?Passage ThreeWelcome to the tour of the Hill House.This house built in 1904 is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill,the famous architect.It was designed and built for local entrepreneur and his family.Before starting the tour,let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building.(23)Prior to beginning his design,the architect spends sometime in the client’s old home,observing their life and studying their habits.This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family.(24)The client’s main desire w as to have a home with unique design,so the architect was given complete freedom.The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period.At the time,most large homes were constructed of timber and brick.This one,however,is made of concrete,a novel construction material in those days.The interior of the house,including the fittings and furniture,was also designed by the same person.Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition.However,(25)both pieces in the ch ildren’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.Fortunately,all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved,so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.Let’s begin our tour,starting from the rooms.22.What do we learn about the speaker?He is the guide of the tour.23.What dis the architect do before beginning his design?24.What did the architect’s client mainly want?25.What do we learn about the pieces of furniture in the children’s bedrooms?1.D)He did an unusual good deed2.C)Give some money to the waiter3.A)Whether or not to move to the state's mainland4.B)It costs too much money5.A)To investigate whether people are grateful for help6.C)They held doors open for people at various places7.B)Most people express gratitude for help8.C)To enquire about solar panel installation9.D)He has a large family.10.B)The cost of a solar panel installation11.D)About five years12.A)At a travel agency13.D)She wanted to spend more time her family.14 D)Two weeks.15.A)Choosing some activities herself16.D)Pay a green tax upon arrival17.A)It has not been doing a good job in recycling.18.B)To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali land.19.D)Its population is now showing signs of increase20.C)Commercial hunting21.D)To seek breeding grounds22.C)They consume less milk these days23.A)It is not as healthy as once thought24.C)They lack the necessary proteins to digest it25.B)It provides some necessary nutrients二、选词填空部分：When my son completes a task,I can't hlep but praise him.26.B.constant27.G.negative28.K.repeatedly29.L.rewarded30.C disappointing31.H.outcome32.1.pattern33.D.distinguish34.N.simply35.0.undertaken三、信息匹配部分：The History of the Lunch Box36.[F]City kids,on the other hand,went home for lunch and came back.37.[j]The company sold 600,000 units the first year.38.[〇]The introduction of backpacks changed the lunch box scene a bit^he adds.39.[C]Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes for decades.40.[H]And then everything changed in the year of 1950.41.[L]The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence,that is,to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing.42.[D]Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really.43.[A]It was made of shiny,bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front,and I carried it with me nearly every single day.44.[M]The metal lunch box craze Lasted until the mid-1980s,when plastic took over.45.<I>But these containers were really sting years on end.四、仔细阅读部分：P146 A When they don*t have the chance to do what they want47 D Harmful conduct48 B Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom49 C It may promote creative thinking.50 D Allow oneself some time to be bored.P251.B Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.52.C Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.53.A The g overnment’s advocacy54.C Their capability of improving air quality55.D Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions五、作文部分：WritingDirections：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文：Changes in the way of transportationAs the internet is developing so rapidly,the way of transportation keeps changing surprisingly.New applications on transportation emerge abundantly,contributing to the fact that people*s lifestyle has been changed as well.The changes in the way of transportation can be listed as follows.First of all,with the development of technology,the price of transportation is much cheaper than before.Moreover,compared with traditional ways of buying tickets,transportation applications and websites give passengers the opportunity to book tickets online without going outside to particular ticketoffices.Besides,highspeed railways gradually replace the oldfashioned green trains,which can tremendously improve travelers’comfort during the journey and shorten the time spent on the way. From my perspective,the changes in the way of transportation mainly lie in the good respects.As one of the fortunate passengers who live in the age of internet and can get access to online service of transportation,I can*t help exclaiming:it is the best of times.六、翻译部分：春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。
2021年6月《大学英语四级》考试(翻译、写作)真题与参考解析(共3套)
2021年6月《大学英语四级》考试真题（3套汇总）听力部分原文Listening ComprehensionSection ANews report 1And finally in tonight's news, a 9-year-old boy named Joe, told not to draw in class, lends a jobs decorating a restaurant with his drawings. Rather than shutting down the habit of drawing in his school's workbook, Joe's parents decided to encourage his creativity by sending their son to an after-school art class[Q1]. His teacher recognized Joe's talent and posted all his works online, which led to something pretty wonderful. A restaurant named Number4 in New Castle contacted Joe's teacher to ask if the 9-year-old could come and decorate the dining room with his drawings[Q2]. Every day after school, Joe's dad drives him to the restaurant so he can put his ideas straight on the wall. Once he's all done,the work would remain there permanentlyQ2]. Joe's dad said Joe is a really talented little boy. He's excellent at school, he's great at football,but drawing is definitely what he is most passionate about.Q1: What did Joe's parents decide to do?Q2: What will the restaurant Number 4 do?New report 2Christine Marshall, a 30 years old mom of one, posted a tearful video on social media Wednesday,begging for a safe return of her beloved pet dog[Q1].After combing through the security video outside a global shop, Christine has now posted an image of a man suspected of stealing the dog. The image appears to show a man carrying the dog in his arms. Christine also believes the video obtained from the shop shows the dog stolen by a man before driving off in a car which had been waiting nearby. The family is now offering a5000 pound reward for the safe return of the dog after launching a social media campaign to find the thief[[Q2].The dog is 6anda half years old and was last seen wearing a red collar. Christine said that"We'll pay that to anyone who brings him home as long as they are not responsible for his disappearance." Police are investigating the incident.Q3: What is Christine Marshall trying to do?Q4: What did the news report say about Christine Marshall's family?New report 3:London's Eggs &Bread café offers boiled eggs, toast,jam and bacon,as wells as tea,coffee and orange juice.But at the end of the meal, customers don't have to worryabout the bill. Hungry customers can pay whatever amount they can afford to eat at the café or nothing at all.Owner,Guy Wilson,says his café aims to build community rather than profits.He wants to provide a bridge for people to connect in an area that has been divided by class and wealth by providing affordable breakfasts[Q5]. The cafe is opened in the mornings every day of the year and has two members of staff or supervisors on shift every day.The café doesn't use volunteers but pays its staff to ensure consistency of its service.It doesn't take donations and doesn't want to be seen as charity[Q6].Mr Wilson says when people starts to know other people around them, they realize they are not that different, and whatever their financial background or their educational background. Most people will have something in common with each other[Q7]. He says it's important that his café can offer his customers security and permanence.Q5: What does Guy Wilson say his café aims to do?Q6: What does the news report say about Eggs & Bread café?Q7: What happens when people start to know each other according to Guy Wilson? Section BLong conversation 1M:So what time do you think we should have the party on Saturday?(8)W: How about inviting people to come at six PM. Then we'll have the afternoon to prepare food and drink and stuff like that?M: Yes, I was thinking that around six would be good,too.What food should we provide?W: Well, I had thought about baking a cake and some biscuits. And now, I think we should prepare some sandwiches and snacks and some other kinds of food,so that people can just help themselves rather than getting everyone to sit down at the table to eat a meal.I think that's a bit too formal. It's better to let people walk around and talk to each other or sit where they like. (9)M: Yes, that sounds good.Ill go to the supermarket to get some drinks.I think I might try that big new supermarket on the other side of town and see what they have.I've not been there before.I thin we should get some beer and wine, and some fruit juice and other soft drinks. What do you think?W: Sounds great!I think those drinks will be enough. And I heard that the new supermarket offers some big discounts to attract customers,so going there should be a great idea(10)What shall we' do about music?M: Maybe we should ask Paul to bring his computer and speakers,so that we can play some music.(11)He has a great collection of different stuff.。
2021年12月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版(完整版)
2021年12月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，请找具体选项内容，忽略套数. 注意:请直接对题目和选项内容，不要纠结套数、ABCD顺序问题.搜集整理了各个版本(有文字也有图片，图片可以自由拉伸)，仅供大家参考.网络综合版听力:5. D)It was built above the sea-water.6. B)Replace the restaurant's wooden deck.7. C)She posted its picture on Facebooks.8. D)Duck hunting remains legal in many parts of the world.9. A) Droughts.10. B) Their neat is not that popular.11. D)They poisoned wild ducks inlarge numbers.12. A) Have her house repainted.13. B) How much the work will cost.14. C) Stay somewhere else.15. B)Painting a house involves more trouble than she thought.16. A) To cultivate good habits.17. B)Create an ideal study environment for them.18. C)Start with something they enjoy.19. A) Workers who meet its body weight standards.20. D) Unfair.21. C)Encourage healthy behaviors.22. A)It has not done enough to help left-handed children.23. D)They tend to have more difficulties in learning.24. D)Keep track of left-handed children's school performance.25. B)Why their numbers are so high.第二套1.B)She was coughing all the time.2.c)Through a surgical operation.3.D)It ran away into a nearby forest.4.A)They rebuilt the fencing around their farm.5.D)The loss of gold from an airplane.6.A)lt made an emergency landing.7.C)They will be questioned by the police.8.B)For future training purposes.9.C)To get her money back for the returned chair.10.D)She was issued a new card.11.C)Update her bank card details on the company's website.12.A)He is feeling exhausted.13.B)Order a delivery.14.D)lt is too spicy.15.C)She is too picky about food16.A)Owner's personalities affect their cats'behavior and wellbeing.17.B)Provide their pets with the best care.18.D)Further investigation.19.B)Running is the best exercise for extending one's life.20.A) Improving their brain function.21.D)They were less affected by sad movies.22.A)He is a tour guide.23.C)He observed his client's life and habits.24.D)A house of a unique design.25.B)They are copies built to the architect's designs.写作第一套【D i r e c t i o n s】Suppose your school is organizing an orientation program（新生训练；新生练习）to help the freshmen adapt to the new environment and academic studies. You are now to write a proposal, which may include its aim, duration, participants and activities.【参考范文】Dear Student Union,Learning that our school will hold an orientation program to help freshmen become accustomed to the new environment and academicstudies, I am writing to introduce my proposal concerning this program.Firstly I suppose all of freshmen are welcome to join in this activity on September 9th. From 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m., a senior student would teach freshmen how to be independent, such as making decisions on howto allocate time and how to spend money, and doing somecleaning on their own. Besides, freshmen could be taught how to develop a good habit of self-teaching and how to arrange their schedule. In the afternoon, freshmen might take active part in a collective activity, where they could make more communication with their classmates so asto help them smoothly adapt to the new environment.I hope you will find my proposal useful, and I would be ready to discuss further details with you .Yours,Zhang Wei 第二套【D i r e c t i o n s】Suppose your university student union is planning to hold a speech contest. You are now to write a proposal for organizing the contest. The proposal mayinclude the topic, aim, procedure and selection of contestants. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal.【参考范文】Dear Student Union,I am so glad to hear that a speech contest with the purpose of enriching college students’ life would be held in our school next month. As a member of Student Union, I would like to give some advice to make the activity go more smoothly.Firstly, if we could choose a suitable speech subject, such as the employment prospect, the management of free time or some related with students’ life, it would contribute to the attraction of more students. Secondly, the contest could last for about 2-3 hours and we could invite Professor Zhang as the judge to give comments to each contestant. Lastly, as the selection of contestants, I suppose every student in our school could submit application but we should have an interview of first around and define the final 10 competitors.I hope the suggestions above would be useful and practical for you. For any question on the proposal, please feel free to write to me.Yours,Li Hua第三套【Directions】Suppose you have just participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim, organizers, participants and activities. You will have 30 minutes to write the report. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Last week, a project of collecting used books was held in our school and it was a huge success .The project was launched by the Student Union last Monday and it lasted for a whole week, aiming to gain students’ attention to second- hand books and inspire them to make the best of used things. It was started from registering basic personal information online, including name, department and the number of books one would like to give away. Then students could brought their books to the Students Activity Center every day at any time during 8:00 am to 17:00 pm, after which they could get a gift such as pens and notebooks.There were more than 500 students participating in the activity and more than 1000 books were collected. The books were displayed at the Students Activity Center for all students in need.阅读【快速阅读1】There's a stress gap between men and women36.H] Like Ms,Li, many women try to manage the added stress to reach what Dr Joyce said was an unattainable ideal. "Some professional women aim to do it all They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like super-mom,"she said.…….37.[E] ference,however, is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities in the home ent in particular,"Dr Joyce said. For example, the United Nations reported that nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men.……38.[C]It's a common story-one we frequently ridicule and readily dismiss, for example, by claiming that women tend to complain more than men, despite the growing sum of re-search that underlines the problem.·…39.[K] Disconnecting from work and home responsibilities is also obviously important. But it's much casier said than done. It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place.40.[F] it's not just inside he home, though. Research from Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likely than male managers to. display <surface. acting> or forcing emotions that are not wholly felt. 41.[I] The stress problem extends beyond mental health when you consider the link between stress a anxiety and heart health.Worse,most of what we know about heart dis-ease comes from studies involving men.……42.[B] Ms. Li said her stress led to sleeplessness. When she did sleep, she experienced"problem-solving dreams,"which left her feeling unrested when she woke up. After I became a first-time mother,I quickly realized i was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I'd lost myself,…43.[G] Surface acting is a prime example of "e emotional labor"a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay. The essay sparkeda massive thread, on the Internet community blog Meta Filter.……44.[J]The good news is, women are more likely than men to take charge of their stress and manage it, the American Psy-chological Association reports. The concept of self-care,at its core, is quite simple."…45.[D]e difference is not really news to me,as a clinical psy-chologist said Erin Joyce,….【快读阅读2】Why it matters that teens are reading less?36.[E] That may be true, but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.…37.[B]Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens.…38.[G] Indeed, the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016.That is triple the number from two decades ago.……39.[D] If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices, does that mean they have to give activities?Maybe not.Over the years,many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities.……40.[A] Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago.But today's teens have grown up with smartphones. Compared with teens a couple of de-cades ago, the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally different.…41.[H] This might present problems for young people later on. When high school students go on to college, their past and current reading habits will influence their academic per-formance.·.42.[C] Teens did not always spend that much time with digi-tal media. Online time has doubled since 2006, and social media use has moved from a periodicactivity to a daily one in the same period. By 2016, nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites 43.[F]But the treads related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time. Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading.In 1980, about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book, newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned for school. By 2016, only 16 percent did.·····44.[B] Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time. Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens.…45.[E] That may be true,but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.… 【快读阅读3】Why it matters that teens are reading less?36 [E] That may be true, but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows.Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.…37 [B]Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens.…38 [G] Indeed, the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016.That is triple the number from two decades ago.……39 [D] If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices, does that mean they have to give activities?Maybe not.Over the years,many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities.……40 [A] Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago.But today's teens have grown up with smartphones. Compared with teens a couple of de-cades ago, the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally different.…41 [H] This might present problems for young people later on. When high school students go on to college, their past and current reading habits will influence their academic per-formance.·42 [C] Teens did not always spend that much time with digi-tal media. Online time has doubled since 2006, and social media use has moved from aperiodicactivity to a daily one in the same period. By 2016, nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites 43 [F]But the treads related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time. Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading.In 1980, about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book, newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned for school. By 2016, only 16 percent did.44 [B] Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time. Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens.…45 [E] That may be true,but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.…【仔细阅读1】With obesity now affecting 29% of the population in England, and expected to rise to 35% by 2030, should we now recognise it as disease?46. C)It should be regarded as a genetic disease47. D)It results from a lack of self-control48. A)Obese people would not feel responsible to take any action49. B)It is too inclusive and thus lacks clarity50.D)It may do little good to patients.Nationwide, only about three percent of early childhood teach- ers are male in the U.s51.C)It is negatively impacted by a lack of male teachers52. A)The importance of broadening children's horizons53. D)Many of them feel prejudiced against socially and culturally54. A)Higher pay.55. B)Taking measures to attract prospective male teachers to work in the field【仔细阅读2】As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized.46. C)It benefits employers at the expense of employees.47.D)It negatively impacts productivity.48.A)To provide convincing data for serious discussion.49.c)Employers' gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.50.A) It should be avoided if possible.The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behindour successful development as a species.51. B)It is the force that pushes human society forward.52.A)It motivates people to seek information.53.D)They work in conjunction with the environment.54.B)They prefer to go after all that is novel.55.A) The cost of humans' curiosity to explore.【仔细阅读3】Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone?46.C)Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships.47.D) How close the communicators' relationships are.48.B)They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.49.A)Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.50.D)Take other people's preference into consideration.From climate change to the ongoing pandemic（大流行病）and beyond, the issues facing today's world are increasingly com-plex and dynamic.Pm51.A)lt faces problems that are getting more varied and compli-Cated.52.C) People are divided about the nature of interest.53.D)How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cro ss-disciplinary thinking.54.C)Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary prod-ucts.55.B)Broadening their interests.【选词填空1】The sheets are damp with sweat.You're cold,but your heart is..26.G)fear27.C)avoid28.H)limited29.D)aware30.B)answer31.O)typically32.J)result33.L)rigorous34.K)review35.M)tend【选词填空2】It is commonly believed that the great English dramatist and poet.26.E)exact27.C)conclusively28. L)scarcity29.H)position30.J）probably31.B)classical32. M)senior33.D)emergence34.A)captured35.I)precision【选词填空3】Many people believe that commitment are the foundations of ...26.O)unique27.I)possess28. D)endure29. C)confused30.J)presence31.B)assess32.F)genius33.A)acknowledge34.M)surprising35.G)highly翻译【第一套】大运河（ Grand Canal）是世界上最长人工河，北起北京，南至杭州.它是中国历史上最宏伟工程之一.大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成.修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来也用于运输其他商品.大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国工商业中心.长久以来，大运河对中国经济发展发挥了重要作用，有力地促进了南北地区之间人员往来和文化交流.【参考译文】The Grand Canal is the longest man-made river in the world, starting from Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south. It is one of the most magnificent projects in Chinese history. The Grand Canal was built in the 4th century BC and was completed at the end of the 13th century. It was built to transport grain at the beginning, and later it was also used to transport other commodities. The area along the Grand Canal has gradually developed intoChina's industrial and commercial center. For a long time, the Grand Canal has played an important role in China's economic development, and has effectively promoted personnel exchanges and cultural exchanges between the North and the South.【第二套】都江堰（ Dujiangyan）坐落在成都平原西部岷江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪.它独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流.两千多年来，都江堰一直有效地发挥着防洪与灌溉作用，使成都平原成为旱涝保收沃土和中国最重要粮食产地之一.都江堰工程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存智慧，是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水水利工程.【参考译文】Dujiangyan is located on the Minjiang River in the west of the Chengdu Plain, about 50 kilometers away from Chengdu City. It was built in the third century BC. It is unique in that there is no need to use dams to regulate the flow of water. For more than two thousand years, Dujiangyan has played an effective role in flood control and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile soil for drought and flood protection and one of China's most important grain producing areas. The Dujiangyan Project embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature. It is the world’s oldestwater conservancy project that is still in use to control water without the help of dams.【第三套】坎儿井（Karez）是新疆干旱地区一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成.该系统将春夏季节渗入（ seep into）地下大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们日常用水需求.坎儿井减少了水在地面蒸发（ evaporation），对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境.坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存智慧，是对人类文明一大贡献.【参考译文】Karez is a water conservancy system in the dry area of Xinjiang. It is formed by underground channels connecting wells together. The system collects a large amount of rainwater and melted snow water that seeps into the ground in spring and summer, and draws it to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily water needs. Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, thus effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment. Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature, and is recognized as a great contribution to human civilization.星火英语四六级版全卷完 1、相信自己吧！坚持就是胜利！祝考试顺利，榜上有名！ 2、愿全国所有的考生都能以平常的心态参加考试，发挥自己的水平，考上理想的学校。
(完整word)大学英语四级真题及(三套全),文档
目录2021 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题一(完满版 ) (1)答案 (15)2021 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题二(完满版 ) (15)答案 (24)2021 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题三(完满版 ) (24)答案 (34)2021 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题一(完满版 )Part I Writing(25 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该局部，此后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此局部试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
21年6月四级英语试卷
21年6月四级英语试卷2021年6月四级英语试卷一、听力理解（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）听力材料及答案已经删节，不再列出。
二、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1The story of the Olympic Games begins in ancient Greece. They were held in the city of Olympia every four years during the months of July and August. In ancient times the Greeks used to call the month in which the Olympics were held "The Olympic Month". The Olympic Month began in mid-June and finished in mid-July. The Olympic Games were held in the Olympia, a great valley full of fields and trees, where the gods lived. Olympia is situated on the Peloponnesus（伯罗奔尼撒）peninsula in southern Greece.16. According to the passage, the Olympic Games began in _____.A. GreeceB. OlympiaC. the Olympic MonthD. ancient times17. The Olympic Games were held every _____ years.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four18. The Olympic Games were held in _____.A. fieldsB. treesC. OlympiaD. the Olympic MonthPassage 2Sleep is very important. If you do not get enough sleep, you will feel tired the next day. If you keep not getting enough sleep, you will feel tired all the time. Most peopleneed about seven to eight hours of sleep every night. But some people only need four to five hours. And some people need more than eight hours. How much sleep do you need? It is very easy to find out. Go to bed early and do not use the computer. Do not watch TV. Do not play video games. Just sleep. Then, in the morning, see how you feel. If you feel tired, you need more sleep. If you feel great, you have had enough sleep.19. According to the passage, why is sleep important?A. Because it helps you to find out how tired you are.B. Because it helps you to have enough energy.C. Because it helps you to play video games.D. Because it helps you to watch TV.20. What should you do if you want to find out how much sleep you need?A. Go to bed early and use the computer.B. Go to bed early and watch TV.C. Go to bed early and play video games.D. Go to bed early and just sleep.三、翻译（共5小题；每小题5分，满分25分）将下列句子翻译成英语。
2021年6月英语CET4真题及答案
6月全国大学英语四级考试试卷Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.当前许多商品存在过度包装现象2.浮现这一现象因素3.我对这一现象看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today，those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago，they were the latest thing in educational reform：big，modern，suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生人) came of high-school age，big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses，and，of course，better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved：the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forgingpersonal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years，a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher，test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools，high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything，but it does matter，and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation，which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools，helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade，About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice，along with mayors in cities like New York，Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools，such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson，with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools，such as the Talented and Gifted School，with 198 students，and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas，as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo，N.Y.，which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington，Va. And most noticeable of all，there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred，generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo，Calif，is one of those，ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago，when the first Newsweek listbased on college-level test participation was published，only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in .Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households，by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year，remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment，“How did that student graduate?”So in Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence，Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years，before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory” classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25，five mornings a week，for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents，so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math，or see them sitting outsi de the dean’s office，it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program，the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year，two-thirds have moved up to ph ysics,” says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing，and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year，as in years past，according to a single metric，the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength：it’s easy for readers to understand，and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.Ranking schools is always controversial，and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教诲主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation，”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures，including students’ overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”In the end，the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought，which is，after all，public information. There is，in our view，no real dispute here，we are all seeking the same thing，which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal，someday，perhaps a list won’t be necessary.注意：此某些试题请在答卡1上作答.1. Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students’ performance on SA TD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers’ workload increased.B)Students’ performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students’ academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale’s students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert，the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8. is still considered a strength of Newswee k’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives_________.9.According to the 38 superintendents，to rank schools scientifically，it is necessary to use_________.10.To better serve the children and our nation，schools students to take_________ .Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections：in this section you will hear 8 short conversations，one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此某些试题请在答案卡2上作案。
2021年大学英语四级试题
2021年大学英语四级试题Part I Listening Comprehension 20 minutesSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question willbe spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A At the office.B In the waiting room.C At the airport.D In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to f inish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D “5 hours” is thecorrect answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A The woman is a close friend of the man.B The woman has been working too hard.C The woman is seeing a doctor.D The woman is tired of her work.C2.A This apple pie tastes very good.B His mother likes the pie very much.C This pie can’t match his mother’s.D His mother can’t make apple pies.A3.A Take a walk.B Give a performance.C Listen to the music.D Dance to the music.D4.A Read an article on political science.B Present a different theory to the class.C Read more than one article.D Choose a better article to read.C5.A The woman would understand if she did Mary’s job.B The woman should do the typing for Mary.C The woman should work as hard as Mary.D The woman isn’t a skillful typist.A6.A He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C He wants to change the time of the appointment.D He wants the woman to meet him at three o’clock.B7.A He gets nervous very easily.B He is an inexperienced speaker.C He is an awful speaker.D He hasn’t prepared his speech well.B8.A She didn’t like the books the man bought.B There wasn’t a large selection at the bookstore.C The man bought a lot of books.D She wanted to see what the man bought.C9.A Buy a ticket for the tem o’clock flight.B Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C Go to the airport immediately.D Switch to a different flight.D10.A Dr. Lemon is waiting for a patient.B Dr. Lemon is busy at the moment.C Dr. Lemon has lost his patience.D Dr. Lemon has gone out to visit a patient.BSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A A car outside the supermarket.B A car at the bottom of the hill.C Paul’s car.D The sports car.C12.A Inside the car.B At the foot of the hill.C In the garage.D In the supermarket.D13.A The driver of the sports car.B The two girls inside the car.C The man standing nearby.D The salesman from London.A14.A Nobody.B The two girls.C The bus driver.D Paul.APassage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.A His friend gave him the wrong key.B He didn’t know where the back door was.C He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox.D It was too dark to put the key in the lock.A16.A It was getting dark.B He was afraid of being blamed by his friend.C The birds might have flown away.D His friend would arrive any time.B17.A He looked silly with only one leg inside the window.B He knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him.C The torch light made him look very foolish.D He realized that he had made a mistake.BPassage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B The exhaustion of energy resources.C The destruction of oil wells.D The spread of the black powder from the fires.D19.A The underground oil resources have not been affected.B Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.C The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D The underground water resources have not been polluted.D20.A To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C To remove the oil left in the desert.D To use the oil left in the oil lakes.CPart II Reading Comprehension 35 minutesDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids 小行星 now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids 流星 that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whoseorbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million ayear for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk re: 1 How likely the event is; and 2 How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough todestroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids,they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday 毁灭性的 rocks than from agreat nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.21.What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?A They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.B22.What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?A It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.D It’s still too e arly to say whether such a collision might occur.A23.What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids?A It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.B It may create more problems than it might solve.C It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.D Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.B24.We can conclude from the passage that _________ .A while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the worldB asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near futureC the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetimeD workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with EarthD25.Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?A Optimistic.B Critical.C Objective.D Arbitrary.CPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Believe it or not, optical illusion 错觉 can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons人字形, painted on the roads makedrivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons andother patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fataltraffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its testsin areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months asdrivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lastingreduction in highway sped and the number of traffic accidents.26.The passage mainly discusses _________ .A a new way of highway speed controlB a new pattern for painting highwaysC a new approach to training driversD a new type of optical illusionA27.On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that __________ .A they should avoid speed-related hazardsB they are driving in the wrong laneC they should slow down their speedD they are approaching the speed limitC28.The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former.A can keep drivers awakeB can cut road accidents in halfC will have a longer effect on driversD will look more attractiveC29.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to.A try out the Japanese method in certain areasB change the road signs across the countryC replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD repeat the Japanese road patternsA30.What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A They are falling out of use in the United States.B They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C They are applicable only on broad roads.D They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.BPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Amtrak 美国铁路客运公司 was experiencing a downswing in ridership 客运量 along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were thelong-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, veryluxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, airtravel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourageconsumers to consider other aspects of train travelin order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1 anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2 travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual,and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment ofthe great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains EmpireBuilder, etc.. These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results wereimpressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.31.What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.B To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard of convenience.C To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.D To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.D32.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that ____________ .A trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenienceB33.To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized .A the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB the practical aspects of train travelC the adventurous aspects of train tripsD the safety and cleanliness of train tripsC34.The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because ________ .A they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiencesD35.According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because ________ .A the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB it provided an exciting travel experienceC its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and SeattleAPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Why does cram go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could helprid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules 小球体 of one liquid evenly distributedthroughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in thewatery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments 隔仓室 buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out ofnutrients 养料. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. Brocklehurstbelieves it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turningit into a solid lump.36.The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that _________ .A it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD it found that cream and butter share the same chemical compositionA37.According to the researchers, cream sours fast than butter because bacteria _______ .A are more evenly distributed in creamB multiply more easily in cream than in butterC live on less fat in cream than in butterD produce less waste in cream than in butterB38.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by __________ .A removing its fatB killing the bacteriaC reducing its water contentD altering its structureD39.The word “colonies” Line 2, Para. 4 refers to _________ .A tiny globulesB watery regionsC bacteria communitiesD little compartmentsCmercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack _______________ .A by varying its chemical compositionB by turning it into a solid lumpC while keeping its structure unchangedD while retaining its liquid formDPart III Vocabulary and Structure 20 minutesDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completesthe sentence. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41.She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _________ toolong.A has been readingB had readC is readingD readA42.Niagara Falls is a great tourist _________ , drawing millions ofvisitors every year.A attentionB attractionC appointmentD arrangementB43.I don’t mind _________ t he decision as long as it is not too late.A you to delay makingB your delaying makingC your delaying to makeD you delay to makeB44.The hopes, goals, fears and desires _________ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A alterB shiftC transferD varyD45.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ______________ i n Cuba.A being cultivatedB been cultivatedC having cultivatedD cultivatingA46.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience on benches, chairs or boxes.A having seatedB seatingC seatedD having been seatedC47.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen __________ comfortably.A is wornB wearsC wearingD are wornB48.Some diseases are _________ b y certain water animals.A transplantedB transformedC transportedD transmittedD49.Wouldn’t you rather your child _________ to bed early?A goB wentC would goD goesB50.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders __________ w ill happen to her private life.A thatB whatC itD thisB51.The words of his old teacher left a _________ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.A staying notB not to stayC that he would not stayD that he not stayC52.Mike’s uncle insists _________ i n this hotel.A whateverB whomeverC whicheverD whoeverD53.We agreed to accept _________ t hey thought was the best tourist guide.A whateverB whomeverC whicheverD whoeverD54.It is our ________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A consistentB continuousC considerateD continualA55.Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded 27%.A byB forC toD inA56.Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes usefulit forces people to test the relative merits of theirattitudes and behaviors.A by whichB to whichC in thatD so thatC57.He is ________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A optimisticB optionalC outstandingD obviousA58.Sometimes I wish I _________ i n a different time and a different place.A be livingB were livingC would liveD would have livedB59.The director was critical _________ the way we were doing the work.A atB inC ofD withC60.In a sudden _________ o f anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A attackB burstC splitD blastB61.________ she realized it was too late to go home.A No sooner it grew dark thanB Hardly did it grow dark thatC Scarcely had it grown dark thanD It was not until dark thatD62.In Britain people _________ f our million tons of potatoes every year.A swallowB disposeC consumeD exhaustC63.I’d ________ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A take into accountB account forC make up forD make outA64.It is essential that these application forms _________ back as early as possible.A must be sentB will be sentC are sentD be sentD65.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _________ enough to eat.A mildB slightC lightD tenderD66.We take our skin for granted until it is burned _________ repair.A beyondB forC withoutD underA67.The computer revolution may well change society as _________ as did the Industrial Revolution.A certainlyB insignificantlyC fundamentallyD comparativelyC68.________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A To look atB Looking atC Looked atD To be looked atC69.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough .A nuisanceB troubleC worryD anxietyA70.Some women ________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A must makeB should have madeC would makeD could have madeDPart IV Cloze 15 minutesDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that bestfits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved 旋转 around the earth. An __71__ 7% did not know which revolved around __72__ I have no doubt that__73__ all of these people were __74__ in school that the earth revolves around the sun; __75__ may even have written it __76__ a test. But they never __77__ their incorrect mental models ofplanetary 行星的 __78__ because their everyday observations didn’t support __79__ their teachers told them: People see the sun “moving” __80__ the sky as morning turns to night, and the earthseems stationary 静止的 __81__ that is happening.Students can learn the right answers __82__ heart in class, and yet never combined them __83__ their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the__84__ personal understanding of the world can __85__ side by side, each unaffected by the other.Outside of class, the student continues to sue the __86__ model because it has always worked well __87__ that circumstance. Unless professors address__88__ errors in students’ personalmodels of the world, students are not __89__ to replace them with the__90__ one.71.A excessiveB extraC additionalD addedC72.A whatB whichC thatD otherB73.A virtuallyB remarkablyC ideallyD preferablyA74.A learnedB suggestedC taughtD advisedC75.A thoseB theseD theyD76.A onB withC underD forA77.A formedB alteredC believedD thoughtB78.A operationB positionC motionD locationC79.A howB whichC thatD whatD80.A aroundB acrossC onD aboveB81.A sinceB soD forC82.A toB byC inD withB83.A withB intoC toD alongA84.A adult’sB teacher’sC scientist’sD student’sD85.A existB occurC surviveD maintainA86.A privateB individualC personalD ownC87.A inB withC onD forA88.A generalB naturalC similarD specificD89.A obligedB likelyC probableD partialB90.A perfectB betterC reasonableD correctDPart V Writing 30 minutesDirections: For this part, you are composition on the topic How I Finance at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given□□□感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
2021年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
2021年6月英语四级(CET4)真题I. Listening. (15’)1. Listen to the recording and write the missing expressions. (5’)1 ) In general ___________ ____________ ____________ you are thinking of …2) ____________, _____________ ______________ make sure that the brand is strong.3) ____________ _____________, making and selling pizzas might be profitable but…4) I ____________ ______________ you need to like hard work.5) _____________, _____________ the money. You …2. Listen to the recording and choose the best ending for each sentence.1) The speaker compares throwing adverts into the air to __________.A) Internet advertisingB) wasting money on advertingC) advertising with leaflets2) His first piece of advice is to _____________.A) make sure people find you on the search engineB) make sure people visit the search engineC) set up a search engine3) Spend plenty of time on ____________.A) promoting others on your siteB) creating links to incrase trafficC) recommending your product on other site4) The speaker _____________.A) thinks email can be effectiveB) is doubtful about using emailC) never sends marketing emails5) It’s good idea to ___________.A) give free samples away at the beginningB) make the website free to visitC) offer something free to encourage people to return II. Write the verbs in brackets in their correct form to complete the following sentences.1. Now that you _____________ (escape) from the office, you will still need peace and quiet at home.2. Once you __________________ (work) from home for a while, you might feel a bit lonely.3. I’m just phoning to confirm that I _______ (be) in my office by ten.4. Don’t worry. I promise that I _______(call) back straight away.5. Security ___________ (open) the building at eight tomorrow instead of nine.6. The hotel has a scheduled shuttle bus to the training center. I think it ________ (leave) every half hour, but let me check for you.7. We began at nine. So by the time he arrives at nine thirty, the first session _________ (start).8. She showed him the photo she _______ (take) the day before.9. It’s the third time I ______ (see) him this month.10. We _____ (meet) each other since I left Shanghai. III. Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases given below.sample mailshots word of mouth see movehold set run attend reach1. I’d like to _____ a brief meeting next week. Do you have any time on Monday?2. The aim is to _____ an agreement on this by four o’clock.3. It’s great to get a free _______before you buysomething because you can really see what it’s like.4. As the chairperson, Mike will ____ the meeting.5. I ____ your point, but there’s one problem with it.6. I tend to listen to my friends’recommendations more than anything else so _________ is probably the most effective advertisement.7. It’s another memo from the boss telling me to ____ another of his meeting.8. Pizza delivery firms often do _________ in the local area. It’s cheap but lots of people probably throw the leaflet away.9. Who ______ the agenda for this? It doesn’t seem to be complete.10. I think we should ______ on to the next item on the agenda.IV. Cloze(1)________ in 1979, international Art consultants has been sourcing and commissioning art(2)_______ for over 25 years. We work with clients in the corporate, hotel, healthcare and urban regeneration (3) _______. Our clients (4) _______ from multinational companies with ￡1 million art budget toorganizations renting art for just ￡10 a week. A team of fourteen, we are small enough to care and large enough to cope. We offer a (5) _______ combination of commercial experience, specialist art knowledge and high quality service and support. Whatever the size of the project our (6)______ is for all our clients to be 100% satisfied with the end result. Over 75% of our work comes from (7) _______ business or referrals. We work alongside professional artists who create art of the highest artistic and technical quality, and (8) ______ our staff have different areas of specialist art knowledge and expertise. We hope that you will (9) ______ an appointment to visit us, look round the galleries, use the visual reference databases, and discuss your particular art (10) _________ with us.(1) A. Founded B. Set C. Since D. Last(2) A. international B. worldwide C. all D. around(3) A. divisions B. industries C. sectors D. sections(4) A. range B. report C. buy D. supply(5) A. original B. mix C. brand D. unique(6) A. scope B. aim C. outcome D. line(7) A. new B. rental C. reply D. repeat(8) A. few B. all C. more D. any(9) A. make B. do C. have D. attend(10) A. insure B. objectives C. requirements D. paintingsIV. Each of the following sentences contains one mistake. Please find the mistakes and correct them.1.I am thinking English is very important for this kind of work because everyone uses English inbusiness nowadays.2.It’s a business studies degree and I’m interesting in it.3.I from a small town in northern Switzerland.4.I’d like working in a marketing department so I’ve started applying for jobs with companies in Switzerland.5.Actually, I’m just finish my degree at the University of Zurich.6.Their marketing campaign needn’t have been very successful, because they’ve just fired their marketing manager.7.The Advertising Standards Authority says companies couldn’t say things about products thatare untrue.8.Passage OneAn understanding of man’s effect on the balance of nature is crucial （关键的）to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is very common belief that the problem of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua New Guinea, forests aredestroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.In short, it is everybody’s duty to safeguard the future of mankind----not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy----man.1. According to the first paragraph, people usually believe that__________________.A. poor people in poor countries contribute to the imbalance of natureB. rich people know how to protect the environment by taking actionsC. people in poor areas know a lot about the birth controlD. rich people in rich countries have done a lot tobalance nature2. In the author’s opinion, ____________________.A. developing countries should be responsible for environmental problemsB.overpopulation in the world is created by the developed countriesC. rich countries exercise worse influence on environment than poor countriesD. all countries should bring the population growth under control3.The purpose of the second paragraph is mainly to illustrate__________________.A. how the forests in the U.S. are being destroyedB.which countries are the victims of imbalance of natureC. what Japan has done to develop its own economyD. how South Asian countries make quality furniture4. Nature is very easily destroyed by ____________________.A. rich peopleB. poor peopleC. natural disastersD. mankind5. The topic of the passage is that ________________________.A. the control of population is essential to the development of a nationB. natural resources are important to the economic development of a countryC. awareness of the effects of man’s actions is as important as population controlD. developed countries should do more to protect natural environment on the earthPassage TwoParents can have a great impact on the development of their children’s creativity in art. But first, they have to know how. They may find the following advice interesting and instructive.Encourage free drawing rather than coloring books. Coloring books stop the possibility of self-expression.A child may just enjoy colorful pictures and never learn how to express himself. As an art teacher says, “Children have a very powerful instinct to draw freely and roughly. Such practice makes them learn languageeasily.” In fact, a child expresses himself in rough drawing. This is the beginning of literacy and creativity. Also, parents should not teach their kids “how” to draw and they should not make their kids draw realistic pictures to entertain themselves. Experience tells us that such teaching from the parents will discourage children, making them think they can’t do it the “right” way.Competition and rewards should also be avoided in the process of artistic creation. A child’s natural instinct to create will disappear if he or she thinks about prize while drawing.Parents should be role models for their kids. They should not say things like, “I can’t draw a straight line.” Instead, they should learn to say, “I love to create.” This teaches children that the process of creation is more important than the product. If children see their parents drawing, cooking or building creatively, they will do the same.Buy a notebook for your child to use every day. This can be a journal for making up stories, writing ideas and drawing pictures. Even the youngest child can useit to draw freely and roughly, expressing himself. Take your child to places that promote ideas and creativity. Art museums, science centers, libraries and children’s museums all are great places to see other people’s creativity. That will inspire children to make their own creations and inventions.Give children choices and free time. Some of the best ideas come from daydreaming and imagining.In short, parents should allow their kids to have the freedom to invent for themselves. That means not always teaching and commanding.1. To develop their artistic creativity, children should be encouraged to ________________.A. draw freely and roughlyB. learn to draw realistic picturesC. know how to draw before they startD. learn to draw good pictures to get prizes2. Parents are encouraged to be role models for their kids because _________________.A. parents love to createB. parents can draw straight linesC. children tend to follow their parents’ examplesD. children like the product of their parents’creativity3. It can be inferred from the passage that in artistic creation __________________.A. product is more important than processB. process is more important than productC. process and product are equally importantD. both process and product are unimportant4. To be inspired by other people’s creativity, children should___________________.A. write ideasB. make up storiesC. buy good notebooksD. visit museums, libraries, and science centers5. The main idea of this passage is that __________________.A. children should be encouraged to draw freelyB. children should follow their parents’ examplesC. parents should know how to cultivate their kids’creativityD. most parents teach their kids confidently and instructivelyPassage ThreeIf you have an AT&T Business Direct account, you can have your telephone bill paid automatically each month. You can make payments online with a bank account Network or American Express. When you make an online payment, please follow the instructions given below. Instructions1.To make your payment online, click (点击) the "Pay Now" link under the "Account overview(概览)"summary.2. If your business has more than one registered account, first select the account you need form the "Account Number" menu, and then click the "Pay Now" link.3..if you have never made an online payment before, you will be asked whether you want to make a payment by suing a bank account or credit card. Select.Either "Bank Account" or "Credit Card" from the "Select Payment Method" menu.The online payment system is available Monday through Saturday, form 7:00 AM to 12:00 AM (Midnight) Eastern Time.41.An AT & T Business Direct account helps you ________.A) earn an interest from a bank account.B) make the first month's payment onlyC) pay your telephone bill automaticallyD) enjoy all the available banking services42.The payment with an AT & T Business Direct account can be made online with ________.A) a passportB) a credit cardC) a driving licenseD) a traveler’s check43.If you have several registered accounts for payment, the first link that you should click is ________.A)"Select payment method" menuB)"Account Overview" summaryC) the "Account Number" menuD) the" Pay Now" link44.When making the first-time online payment, you will be asked to ________.A) register your online account numberB)open several registered accountsC)select the payment method firstD apply for a new credit card45.The passage is mainly about ________.A) how to pay phone bills by AT & T Business DirectB)how to open an AT&T Business Direct accountC) how to make use of online bank servicesD) how to start a small online businessPassage FourIf you own a car ,you are probably considering buying some kind of car insurance (保险). However, when you are actually purcasing car insurace, it can to first research and decide, then purchase.Research firstBefore buying car insurance, you should find out the purpose of your purchase and how the insurance meets your needs.Decide on suitable Car Insurance policies (保单)A neglected part of car insurance is the part which covers medical bills. Medical payments can add up very quickly in an accident situation, and the insurance should cover the bills in curred(招致) both by you and by the passengers in your car. Make sure you know the full value that your insurance covers.Purchase the best Car Insurance for your needsYou have a number of choices when it comes to the actualpurchase of the car insurance. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and these may be influenced by your individual taste and previous buying experience. Insurance companies may offer you good advice but prices on the Internet are often better.36.According to the first paragraph, when buying car insurance, one shouldfirst________.A)decide on the number of policies to purchaseB)do careful research on the different choicesC)choose the best insurance companyD)look for the lowest insurance rate37.The purpose of research is to find out whether the car insurance________.A) includes all the advantagesB) best meets your needsC) offers the best rateD)is easy to purchase38.When buying car insurance, people often neglect ________.A)the damage to the carB)the bills paid by the passengersC)the part covering the medical billsD)the background of the insurance company39.According to the last paragraph, your choice of car insurance may also be influenced by ________.A)your driving habitsB)the kind of car to be insuredC)the attitude of your family membersD) your own taste and buying experience40.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A)Medical Bills Covered in car InsuranceB)Importance of Buying Car InsuranceC)Advice on Buying Car InsuranceD)Advantages of Car Insurance。