人教版-高一英语定语从句全面讲解与练习

定语从句

定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

例如 a clever boy the boiling water fallen leaves

•The boy in the classroom needs a pen.

•The man standing there is my teacher.

定语从句：一个句子充当定语

The boy who is reading needs the pen.

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

Ⅰ. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。分为关系代词和关系副词。

(4) 定语从句基本构成：先行词+关系词+从句

A) 关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

1.The student who answered the question was John.

2. I know the reason why he was so angry.

3. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

4. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

B)简单句变定语从句

例1：The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.

The girl (who is standing there ) is Mary.

如何改写定语从句?

1、找准主句和从句，并找出两个简单句的共有成分，确定先行词。

2、将从句中的共有成分去掉。

3.找准关系词，用关系词引导从句剩下的部分，并紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后。

例2：A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.

例3：The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.

C)定语从句选择关系词三步曲：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3. You can take anything (that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）

3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）

All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

He's a man from whom we should learn. （宾语）

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）whose +n. =the +n. + of which (物)= of

which (物)+ the +n.

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. whose + n. =the +n. + of whom(人)= of whom(人)+ the +n.

=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

注意：定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数于先行词保持一致

This is one of the best books that have ever been written.

He is one of the students who study hard at school.

当one前面有the only等限定词和修饰语时, 定语从句的谓语动词要与one保持一致而取单数形式例如

This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written.

He is the only one of the students who studies hard at school.

Ⅲ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.

①先行词为不定代词表示物,all, much, something, everything, anything ,nothing, none, the one等,

②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：

⑧主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：

1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

⑨被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .