大学英语4级6级全部语法知识

Section ⅠGrammarⅠ名词1．复合名词的复数形式man或woman修饰名词构成复合名词变成复数形式，须把把组成该复合词的两个词都变成复数形式。

如：man cook—men cooks，man servant—men servants，woman nurse—women nurses，woman singer—women singers，woman writer—women writers2．英语中有些名词的复数形式的词义不同于单数形式3．以-s结尾的不可数名词有以下几类4．单复数同形的名词可以分为以下几类5．只有复数形式的名词可以分为以下几类5.名词在含有基数词的复合词中数的形式在“基数词+ 名词”或“基数词+ 名词+形容词”形式的复合词中，名词一律用单数。

如：a two-week vacation（两周的假期），a ten-year-old boy（10岁的男孩），a two-story house（一栋二层楼的房子）Ⅱ基数词的单数与复数的区别ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion等词在表示确切数目时用单数形式，直接位于所修饰的名词之前。

如：three thousand students，tem million dollars；在表示约略数目时用复数形式，在所修饰的名词之前须有介词for。

如：billions of times，tens of thousands of elements，thousands upon thousands of people。

Ⅲ时态1．一般现在时2．现在进行时与always, constantly连用表示赞叹、埋怨、厌烦等情感，可译成“总是，老是”等。

例如：My daughter is always watching TV after school. 我女儿放学后老是看电视。

3．一般将来时⑴在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

例如：If it rains tomorrow, the match will be canceled. 如果明天下雨，就取消这场比赛。

⑵下列动词的进行时表示将来时go, come, leave, arrive, drive, fly, see (= interview), visit, hear (= receive), feel (= touch), start, meet, stay, land, take等。

例如：We are leaving for America tomorrow. 我们明天前往美国。

⑶一般现在时表示预定的行为，如交通、电影院等时间、节目的安排等。

例如：The visitors arrive at 8:30 a.m.. 客人们将在上午8：30到达。

⑷to be going to do⑸to be to do⑹to be about to do4．现在完成时⑴表示一个已经发生但对现在的情况有影响的动作，常与already, just, yet等时间状语连用。

例如：We have already reserved a room at Beijing Hotel for the 15th of October.我们已在北京饭店预定了10月15日的房间。

⑵表示从过去某时到现在这段时间中发生的事情，常与下列时间状语连用：up till now,so far, recently, this days, these term, in the past … years等。

例如：We have learned 2000 English words this term.这学期我们已经学了1000个英语单词了。

⑶表示一个由过去某时继续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段的时间状语连用：for…,since…等。

例如：I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了十年了。

⑷用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。

例如：We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.我们5点动身，如果那时雨停得话。

5．过去完成时表示一个动作在过去某一动作之前业已发生，或在过去某时间业已完成。

⑴by + 过去时间：例如：By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 English words.到上个月底为止，我们已经学了2000个英语单词了。

⑵根据上下文判断：往往带有一个表示过去时间的状语从句。

例如：When we got to the station, the train had already left.我们到达火车站的时候，火车已经离开了。

6．将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作。

by + 未来时间：例如：They will have sold all the products by the end of next month.到下个月底，他们将卖完所有的产品。

Ⅳ虚拟语气1．时态推移⑴if注意：if可以省略，省略后要用倒装结构。

混合时间条件句：从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

⑵I wish (that) S V …If only S V …⑶I would rather (that) S V … （与现在和将来事实相反的，从句的谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反的，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

）⑷I had hope that S V …would + do⑸It’s (high/about) time that S V …did⑹… as if/as though S V …⑺without, but for, otherwise, or⑻If it were not for …If it had not been for …2．当主句中出现下列单词表示要求、建议、命令、愿望、介绍、推荐以及表示重要性的动词、名词、形容词时，其后从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，虚拟的形式为：动词原形或者should+动词原形：v.ask, advise, beg, command, decide, decree, demand, direct, deserve, desire, insist（坚决要求）, maintain, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, require, request, resolve, stipulate, suggest （建议）, urge, vote等。

注意：当insist作“坚持认为”解、suggest作“表明；暗示”解时，其宾语从句中的谓语动词为陈述语气。

n. advice, aim, decision, decree, demand, desire, idea, importance, insistence, instruction, motion, necessity, order, plan, preference, proposal, recommendation, regulation, requirement, request, resolution, suggestion, urge, wish等。

adj .advisable, anxious, appropriate, best, better, compulsory, crucial, demanded, desirable, desired,determined, eager, essential, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, only right, ordered, preferable, possible, proper, pity, recommended, requested, required, strange, suggested, urgent, vital等。

3．情态动词+ have doneshould have done/ought to have doneshouldn’t have done/ought not to have donemust have donecan’t have donecould have donecouldn’t have donemay/might have donemay/might not have donewould have doneneedn’t have donedidn’t need to doⅤ非谓语动词1．一类动词：V + to do这类动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, apply, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, continue, consent, contrive, dare, decide, decline, determine, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, guarantee, help, happen, hope, intend, learn, like, long（渴望）, love, manage, need, offer, petition, plan, pledge, pray, promise, prepare, pretend, refuse, remember, require, resolve, seek, strive（努力）, start, swear, tend, think（想起）, threaten, venture, undertake（开始）, volunteer, try, neglect, hesitate等。

2．二类动词：V + doing这类动词有：acknowledge, admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, favor, finish, forbid, forgive, can’t hel p, imagine, involve, loathe, mind, miss, pardon, permit, ponder, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, recommend, repent, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, suggest, tolerate, understand等。