工程热力学中英文简介

工程热力学

Engineering Thermodynamics

热力学是研究热现象中，物质系统在平衡时的性质和建立能量的平衡关系，以及状态发生变化时，系统与外界相互作用的学科。

Thermodynamics is the study of thermal phenomena, the material system in equilibrium and the establishment of the nature of the relationship between energy balance, as well as the state changes, the system of academic interaction with the outside world.

工程热力学是热力学最先发展的一个分支，它主要研究热能与机械能和其他能量之间相互转换的规律及其应用，是机械工程的重要基础学科之一。

Engineering thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a branch of the first development of its main research in heat and mechanical energy and other energy conversion between the law and its application in mechanical engineering is an important foundation for one subject.

工程热力学的基本任务是：通过对热力系统、热力平衡、热力状态、热力过程、热力循环和工质的分析研究，改进和完善热力发动机、制冷机和热泵的工作循环，提高热能利用率和热功转换效率。

Thermodynamics of the basic tasks of the project is: through the thermal system, heat balance, heat, and thermal processes, and working fluid。thermodynamic cycle analysis, improve and perfect heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump working cycle, to improve energy utilization and heat conversion efficiency.

为此，必须以热力学基本定律为依据，探讨各种热力过程的特性；研究气体和液体的热物理性质，以及蒸发和凝结等相变规律；研究溶液特性也是分析某些类型制冷机所必需的。现代工程热力学还包括诸如燃烧等化学反应过程，溶解吸收或解吸等物理化学过程，这就又涉及化学热力学方面的基本知识。

To this end, the basic law of thermodynamics must be based on a variety of thermodynamic properties of the process; study the thermal gas and liquid physical properties, as well as evaporation and condensation, such as

phase-change rule; study analysis of solution properties is necessary for certain types of refrigerator . Modern Engineering Thermodynamics include chemical reactions such as combustion processes, such as dissolving the physical absorption or desorption chemical processes, which also involves the aspects of chemical thermodynamics of basic knowledge.

工程热力学是关于热现象的宏观理论，研究的方法是宏观的，它以归纳无数事实所得到的热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律和热力学第三定律作为推理的基础，通过物质的压力、温度、比容等宏观参数和受热、冷却、膨胀、收缩等整体行为，对宏观现象和热力过程进行研究。

Engineering Thermodynamics is on the macro-theory of thermal phenomena, the study is a macro, it has been summarized by numerous facts of the first law of thermodynamics, and the second law of thermodynamics

third law of thermodynamics as a basis for reasoning by the material pressure, temperature , specific volume and other macro parameters and heating, cooling, expansion, contraction, such as the overall behavior of the

macro-phenomena and to study the thermal process.

这种方法，把与物质内部结构有关的具体性质，当作宏观真实存在的物性数据予以肯定，不需要对物质的微观结构作任何假设，所以分析推理的结果具有高度的可靠性，而且条理清楚。这是它的独特优点。

In this way, the internal structure and material to the specific nature, as a macro-physical properties of real data to be sure, do not need to

micro-structure of the material to make any assumptions, so analysis of the results of reasoning with a high degree of reliability, and coherent . This is its unique advantages.

古代人类早就学会了取火和用火，不过后来才注意探究热、冷现象的实质。但直到17世纪末，人们还不能正确区分温度和热量这两个基本概念的本质。在当时流行的“热质说”统治下，人们误认为物体的温度高是由于储存的“热质”数量多。1709～1714年华氏温标和1742～1745年摄氏温标的建立，才使测温有了公认的标准。随后又发展了量热技术，为科学地观测热现象提供了测试手段，使热学走上了近代实验科学的道路。

Ancient man long ago learned to make fire and use of fire, but then pay attention to explore the hot, cold real phenomenon. However, until the end of the 17th century, people still can not correctly distinguish between temperature and heat of these two basic concepts of nature. Popular at that time, "said

Heat and Mass Transfer" under the rule, people mistakenly believe that the high temperature object is stored as a result of "thermal mass" number. 1709 ~ Fahrenheit temperature scale in 1714 and 1742 ~ 1745 Celsius temperature to establish the subject to move the temperature with accepted standards. Followed by calorimetry technology developed for Earth observation science and thermal testing means is provided so that thermal embarked on the path of modern experimental science.