锂硫电池
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Green energy storage device
Nature Materials. 2012, 11 (1), 19-29
Principle
Brief Introdction
The Reversible Reaction:
(a) Illustration of the charge-discharge process in rechargeable Li-S batteries and (b) the formation of A representative discharge–charge voltage profle of a soluble intermediate products (Li2S8, Li2S6, Li2S4) and Li–S cell, showing sequential formation of lithium insoluble Li2S2/Li2S in the redox process of S8 cathode. polysulfdes at different redox stages. Acc Chem Res 2013, 46(5):1125 Nat Energy 2016, 1(9):16132
Charge & Discharge Process
Brief Introdction
（1）
Process 1:S8→Li2S8; Platform voltage:2.3 →2.2V Process 2:Li2S8→ Li2Sn; Viscosity →Max
（2）
Process 3 Li2Sn → Li2S2/Li2S2; Platform voltage:2.1 →1.9V 6:Shuttle Effect
SEM image (a), STEM bright field image (b) and the corresponding elemental mapping for S (c) reveal a homogeneous sulfur coating on the graphene sheets. (d) Raman spectrum of the graphene–sulfur composite. Energ Environ Sci 2013, 6 (4), 1283-1289
Directions
Low energy density Cost increase ↓Aperture ↓ Li+ transport capacity ↑Internal resistance
Shuttle effect
Problems Volume expansion
Dendrites
Negative protective film（SEI、polish）
Nature Materials 2009, 8 (6), 500-506
Graphene
A mixture of pyrolytic graphite and sulfur is treated with high energy ball milling.
Electrode structure
Schematic graphene–sulfur composites: (a) graphene-wrapped sulfur particle and (b) sulfur molecules (S8) dispersed on graphene sheets
Yi Cui
Qiang Zhang
Published Papers
Brief Introdction
Adv Energy Mater 2014, 4 (7), 1301473 ACS Nano 2014, 8(9), 9295– 9303 Nano Energy 2014, 9, 229–236. Nanoscale 2014, 6 (3), 1653– 1660
1、Highly ordered Stable structure 2、Capillary complex sulfur(at 155℃) 3、Use PEG to coat
Cycling performance of CMK-3/S modified with PEG (upper points, in black) versus CMK-3/S (lower points, in red) at a rate of 168 mA/g at room temperature
Brief Introdction
Environmental and energy issues Solutio n
Practical specific energies for some rechargeable batteries, along with estimated driving distances and pack prices.
Main contributor to the capacity
Polysulfide diffuse
Anode
Typical lithium-sulfur battery for the first charge and discharge cycle
Negative electrode （3）
（4） （ 6） （7 5） ） （
Lithium-Sulfur Battery
2017/10/15
01
Contents
Brief Introdction Problems & Directions Design of Electrode Structure Literature Survey
02
03 04
Great Prospects
Capacity retention of S–TiO2 yolk–shell nanostructures cycled at 0.5 C
Represents the best performance for long-cycle lithium–sulphur batteries.
(a) S–TiO2 yolk–shell nanostructures. (b) SEM image and (c) TEM image.
Nat Commun 2013 , 4 (4) :1331
Advances
Yolk–Shell in 2017
Template （~500nm） Particle size（ < 1nm） S-Volume（70%~80%） Coulumbic Efficiency（~99%）
How about carbon nanotubes
PEDOT:PSS、PEG、PVDF and others melt-diffusion（155℃）、Vapor permeation、Organic Sulfide、H2S
N（5wt%）、B、P 800℃ ~ 900℃
Thank you
Electrolyt
Not considered
CMK-3/S
a
b
Electrode structure
Specific capacity is greatly improved compared to before
（a）A schematic diagram of sulfur (yellow) confined within the interconnected pore structure of mesoporous carbon (CMK-3). （b）TEM
Nano Energy 38 (2017) 12–18 AFM 2017, 27, 1702524 Small 2017, 13, 1700087 Nano Energy 38 (2017) 239–248
Advances
Anode
CNTs from 2012 to 2014
Current (mA/g) Number of cycles Capacity (mAh/g) Capacity retention (%) Ref.
MWCNTs/ S (80wt%)
1.5–2.5 V
60
675
J.Power Sources 2009, 189 (2), 1141-1146
SWCNTs/S
1.0C
100
550
Part Part Syst Char 2013, 30 (2), 158-165
Vertical aligned CNTs/S (90wt%)
Two discharge platforms(1:3) Anodic reaction process： S8→Li2S8→Li2S6→Li2S4→Li2S2/Li2S
Hot Stuff
Brief Introdction
John B. Goodenough
Arumugam Manthiram
Linda.F.Nazar
1.0-3.0 V
20
800
J.Power Sources 2012, 213, 239-248
Further improvement
Coating Material S composite method Doping element Make holes in the surface
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Literature Survey
Adv.Mater. 2014, 26 (38),6622– 6628. J.Mater.Chem. 2012, 22, 24026– 24033. Nano.Energy. 2014, 5, 97– 104. Patent*3
Problems
Poor conductivity （5.0×10-30 S cm-1 at 25℃） Conductive carbon Diaphragm modification （Al2O3、nafion） Electrode structure design Electrode surface modification Nanoscale mixing Complex process
Yolk–Shell
Coat sulphur nanoparticles with TiO2 to form S–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures, followed by partial dissolution of sulphur in toluene.
Electrode structure
In the negative, polysulfide can also be reduced
Process 4:Li2S2→ Li2S; Both nonconductive(s)
→ Severe polarization
1、Loss of sulfur 2、Consumption of Lithium 3、Battery polarization
Nature Materials. 2012, 11 (1), 19-29
Principle
Brief Introdction
The Reversible Reaction:
(a) Illustration of the charge-discharge process in rechargeable Li-S batteries and (b) the formation of A representative discharge–charge voltage profle of a soluble intermediate products (Li2S8, Li2S6, Li2S4) and Li–S cell, showing sequential formation of lithium insoluble Li2S2/Li2S in the redox process of S8 cathode. polysulfdes at different redox stages. Acc Chem Res 2013, 46(5):1125 Nat Energy 2016, 1(9):16132
Charge & Discharge Process
Brief Introdction
（1）
Process 1:S8→Li2S8; Platform voltage:2.3 →2.2V Process 2:Li2S8→ Li2Sn; Viscosity →Max
（2）
Process 3 Li2Sn → Li2S2/Li2S2; Platform voltage:2.1 →1.9V 6:Shuttle Effect
SEM image (a), STEM bright field image (b) and the corresponding elemental mapping for S (c) reveal a homogeneous sulfur coating on the graphene sheets. (d) Raman spectrum of the graphene–sulfur composite. Energ Environ Sci 2013, 6 (4), 1283-1289
Directions
Low energy density Cost increase ↓Aperture ↓ Li+ transport capacity ↑Internal resistance
Shuttle effect
Problems Volume expansion
Dendrites
Negative protective film（SEI、polish）
Nature Materials 2009, 8 (6), 500-506
Graphene
A mixture of pyrolytic graphite and sulfur is treated with high energy ball milling.
Electrode structure
Schematic graphene–sulfur composites: (a) graphene-wrapped sulfur particle and (b) sulfur molecules (S8) dispersed on graphene sheets
Yi Cui
Qiang Zhang
Published Papers
Brief Introdction
Adv Energy Mater 2014, 4 (7), 1301473 ACS Nano 2014, 8(9), 9295– 9303 Nano Energy 2014, 9, 229–236. Nanoscale 2014, 6 (3), 1653– 1660
1、Highly ordered Stable structure 2、Capillary complex sulfur(at 155℃) 3、Use PEG to coat
Cycling performance of CMK-3/S modified with PEG (upper points, in black) versus CMK-3/S (lower points, in red) at a rate of 168 mA/g at room temperature
Brief Introdction
Environmental and energy issues Solutio n
Practical specific energies for some rechargeable batteries, along with estimated driving distances and pack prices.
Main contributor to the capacity
Polysulfide diffuse
Anode
Typical lithium-sulfur battery for the first charge and discharge cycle
Negative electrode （3）
（4） （ 6） （7 5） ） （
Lithium-Sulfur Battery
2017/10/15
01
Contents
Brief Introdction Problems & Directions Design of Electrode Structure Literature Survey
02
03 04
Great Prospects
Capacity retention of S–TiO2 yolk–shell nanostructures cycled at 0.5 C
Represents the best performance for long-cycle lithium–sulphur batteries.
(a) S–TiO2 yolk–shell nanostructures. (b) SEM image and (c) TEM image.
Nat Commun 2013 , 4 (4) :1331
Advances
Yolk–Shell in 2017
Template （~500nm） Particle size（ < 1nm） S-Volume（70%~80%） Coulumbic Efficiency（~99%）
How about carbon nanotubes
PEDOT:PSS、PEG、PVDF and others melt-diffusion（155℃）、Vapor permeation、Organic Sulfide、H2S
N（5wt%）、B、P 800℃ ~ 900℃
Thank you
Electrolyt
Not considered
CMK-3/S
a
b
Electrode structure
Specific capacity is greatly improved compared to before
（a）A schematic diagram of sulfur (yellow) confined within the interconnected pore structure of mesoporous carbon (CMK-3). （b）TEM
Nano Energy 38 (2017) 12–18 AFM 2017, 27, 1702524 Small 2017, 13, 1700087 Nano Energy 38 (2017) 239–248
Advances
Anode
CNTs from 2012 to 2014
Current (mA/g) Number of cycles Capacity (mAh/g) Capacity retention (%) Ref.
MWCNTs/ S (80wt%)
1.5–2.5 V
60
675
J.Power Sources 2009, 189 (2), 1141-1146
SWCNTs/S
1.0C
100
550
Part Part Syst Char 2013, 30 (2), 158-165
Vertical aligned CNTs/S (90wt%)
Two discharge platforms(1:3) Anodic reaction process： S8→Li2S8→Li2S6→Li2S4→Li2S2/Li2S
Hot Stuff
Brief Introdction
John B. Goodenough
Arumugam Manthiram
Linda.F.Nazar
1.0-3.0 V
20
800
J.Power Sources 2012, 213, 239-248
Further improvement
Coating Material S composite method Doping element Make holes in the surface
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Literature Survey
Adv.Mater. 2014, 26 (38),6622– 6628. J.Mater.Chem. 2012, 22, 24026– 24033. Nano.Energy. 2014, 5, 97– 104. Patent*3
Problems
Poor conductivity （5.0×10-30 S cm-1 at 25℃） Conductive carbon Diaphragm modification （Al2O3、nafion） Electrode structure design Electrode surface modification Nanoscale mixing Complex process
Yolk–Shell
Coat sulphur nanoparticles with TiO2 to form S–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures, followed by partial dissolution of sulphur in toluene.
Electrode structure
In the negative, polysulfide can also be reduced
Process 4:Li2S2→ Li2S; Both nonconductive(s)
→ Severe polarization
1、Loss of sulfur 2、Consumption of Lithium 3、Battery polarization