升降横移立体车库英文文献原文

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自动化立体仓库(英文)

关于自动化立体仓库使用双货叉问题的探讨-An Analysis Of Dual Shuttle Automated Storage/Retrieval SystemsAn Analysis Of Dual ShuttleAutomated Storage/Retrieval SystemsAdhinarayan KeserlaBrett A. PetersAugust 1, 1994This working paper is not to be copied, quoted, or cited without the permission of the authors. Address correspondence to Brett A. Peters, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3131 or email to bpeters@AbstractThis paper addresses the throughput improvement possible with the use of a dual shuttle automated storage and retrieval system. With the use of such a system, travel between time in a dual command cycle is virtually eliminated resulting in a large throughput improvement. The dual shuttle system is then extended to perform an equivalent of two dual commands in one cycle in a quadruple command mode (QC). A heuristic that sequences retrievals to minimize travel time in QC mode is developed. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided for evaluating the heuristic's performance and show that it performs well, achieving large throughput improvements compared with that of the dual command cycle operating under the nearest neighbor retrieval sequencing heuristic.Keywords:Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems Design; Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems Operation; Material Handling Systems; Performance Modeling and AnalysisIntroductionAutomated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) are widely used in warehousing and manufacturing applications. A typical unit load AS/RS consists of storage racks, S/R machines, link conveyors, and input/output (I/O) stations. An important system performance measure is the throughput capacity of the system. The throughput capacity for a single aisle is the inverse of the mean transaction time, which is the expected amount of time required for the S/R machine to store and/or retrieve a unit load. The service time for a transaction includes both S/R machine travel time and pickup/deposit time. This time typically depends on the configuration of the storage rack and the S/R machine specifications.Han et al. [2] improved the throughput capacity of the AS/RS through sequencing retrievals. Intelligently sequencing the retrievals can reduce unproductive travel between time when the S/R machine is traveling empty and thereby increase the throughput. They develop an expression for the maximum possible improvement in throughput if travel between is eliminated for an AS/RS that is throughput bound and operates in dual command mode. In essence, this means that if the S/R machine travels in a single command path but performs both a storage and a retrieval operation, the above throughput improvement could be obtained.In this paper, we analyze an alternative design of the S/R machine that has two shuttles instead ofone as in a regular AS/RS. The new design eliminates the travel between the storage and retrieval points and performs both a storage and a retrieval at the point of retrieval, thereby achieving the maximum throughput increase calculated by Han et al. [3].The dual shuttle AS/RS is a new design aimed at improving S/R machine performance. most studies on AS/RS systems have been based on a single shuttle design. In our analysis of the dual shuttle AS/RS performance, we build upon these previous research results.Alternative S/R Machine DesignA typical unit-load AS/RS has an S/R machine operating in each aisle of the system. The S/R machine has a mast which is supported at the floor and the ceiling and travels horizontally within the aisle. Connected to this mast is a shuttle mechanism that carries the unit load and moves vertically up and down the mast. The shuttle mechanism also transfers loads in and out of storage locations in the rack. Figure 1 provides an illustration of the single shuttle S/R machine.Figure 1. Single Shuttle S/R Machine DesignA typical single shuttle AS/RS can perform a single command cycle or a dual command cycle. A single command cycle consists of either a storage or a retrieval. For a storage, the time consists of the time to pickup the load at the I/O point, travel to the storage point, deposit the load at that point, and return to the I/O point. The time for a retrieval is developed similarly.A dual command cycle involves both a storage and a retrieval in the same cycle. The cycle time involves the time to pickup the load at the I/O point, travel to the storage location, place the load in the rack, travel empty to the retrieval location, retrieve a load, return to the I/O point, and deposit the load at the I/O point.If we critically analyze the dual command cycle of the S/R machine (shown by the solid line in Figure 2), a potential open location for a future storage is created when a retrieval is performed. Furthermore, if both a retrieval and a storage are performed at the same point, the travel between time (TB) is eliminated, and the travel time will be equal to the single command travel time. With the existing AS/RS design, this mode of operation is not possible; therefore, an alternative to the S/R machine, a dual shuttle R/S machine, is proposed.Figure 2. Dual Command Travel Paths of S/R and R/S MachinesR/S Machine OperationConsider an S/R machine with two shuttle mechanisms instead of one. This new S/R machine could now carry two loads simultaneously. Each shuttle mechanism could operate independently of the other, so that individual loads can still be stored and retrieved. An illustration of the dual shuttle S/R machine is shown in Figure 3. This new S/R machine would operate as described below.Figure 3. Dual Shuttle S/R Machine DesignThe S/R machine picks up the item to be stored from the I/O point, loads it into the first shuttle, and moves to the retrieval location. After reaching the retrieval location, the second shuttle is positioned to pickup the item to be retrieved. After retrieval, the S/R machine positions the first shuttle and deposits the load. The S/R machine then returns to the I/O point. The operation can easily be seen as a single command operation plus a small travel time for repositioning the S/R machine between the retrieval and storage (as well as the additional pickup and deposit time associated with the second load). Therefore, the S/R machine now operates as an R/S machine performing a retrieval first then a storage in a dual command cycle.Since the R/S machine has two shuttles, the position of the shuttles has a role in the operation ofthe system. With two shuttles, the R/S machine is able to perform a dual command cycle at one location in the rack. This operation is accomplished by first retrieving the load onto the empty shuttle, transferring the second shuttle into position, and storing the load into the empty location in the rack. However, the choice of shuttle configuration does not impact the analysis in this paper. To perform these operations, the R/S machine must move the second shuttle into position after the first shuttle has completed the retrieval. Due to the small distance involved, the R/S machine will use a slower creep speed for positioning, but this travel time is generally small. Furthermore, an amount of creep time is usually included in the pickup and deposit time to account for this required positioning. A second design characteristic is that additional clearance beyond the first and last row and column of the rack must be provided for overtravel of the R/S machine to accommodate both shuttle mechanisms.Throughput ImprovementTo estimate the throughput improvement by the dual shuttle system over existing designs, we use the expressions for single command and dual command cycle times developed by Bozer and White [1] and the tabulated values for the nearest neighbor heuristic from Han et al. [4]. In developing the expressions, the authors in [1] and [4] made several assumptions. The same assumptions hold for the new design and include the following.1. The rack is considered to be a continuous rectangular pick face where the I/O point is located at the lower left-hand corner of the rack.2. The rack length and height, as well as the S/R machine velocity in the horizontal and vertical directions, are known.3. The S/R machine travels simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical directions. In calculating the travel time, constant velocities are used for horizontal and vertical travel. Acceleration and deceleration effects are implicitly accounted for in either a reduced top speed or an increased pickup and deposit time. A creep speed is used for repositioning the dual shuttle.4. Pickup and deposit times associated with load handling are assumed constant and, therefore, these could be easily added into the cycle time expressions.5.The S/R machine operates either on a single or dual command basis, i.e., multiple stops in the aisle are not allowed. (This assumption is later relaxed for the new R/S machine to perform a quadruple command cycle.)6. For the nearest neighbor heuristic, a block of n retrievals is available for sequencing and there are m initial open locations in the rack face.Dual Shuttle S/R SystemsThe new design of the S/R machine has two shuttles and therefore could be operated as a dual shuttle system: carrying two loads and depositing them, retrieving two loads, and returning to the I/O point to deliver them as shown in Figure 4. The above operation can be performed by storing and retrieving the loads at four different locations. Therefore, the travel time would consist of the time for a single command travel plus three travel between times. To more efficiently perform the 4 operations, a retrieval and storage performed at one location is interspersed with a dual command operation. This mode of operation, termed the quadruple command (QC) cycle, eliminates one travel between and is more efficient than the previous mode mentioned above (see Figure 5). The QC cycle can be performed with storages at randomized locations and retrievals processed in a first-come-first-served (FCFS) manner. However, by intelligently sequencing the retrieval list, the travel time in performing the four operations can be significantly reduced. Thistype of analysis was used by Han et al. [4] to improve the throughput of a single load AS/RS. In our paper, we build on the results of their analysis. The notation and the assumptions mentioned in section 2.2. still hold, except that multiple stops of the S/R machine are now allowed.Figure 4. S/R Machine Path Performing Four Operations At Four Locations.Figure 5. S/R Machine Path Performing Four Operations At Three Locations.ConclusionsThis paper performs an analysis of dual shuttle automated storage and retrieval systems. Several contributions have been made including the following.1.Throughput improvements in the range of 40-45% can be obtained using the quadruple command cycle relative to dual command cycles with a single shuttle system.2.With the dual shuttle design, travel between is virtually eliminated for a dual command cycle. The dual shuttle system shows promise for situations requiring high throughput. The main disadvantage with the new design is the extra cost of the S/R machine. An economic evaluation is needed to determine if it is appropriate for a particular situation. However, based on throughput performance, the dual shuttle design appears promising.The concept of dual shuttle systems can also be extended to other material handling systems. Furthermore, research is needed to consider other storage strategies, such as class based storage policies, to examine their impact on throughput in conjunction with the dual shuttle design. This paper provides a framework for analyzing dual shuttle AS/RS, and it provides a foundation for other material handling research related to this concept.References[1] Bozer, Y.A. and J.A. White, "Travel-Time Models for Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems," IIE Transactions, V ol. 16 , No. 4, 1984, 329-338.[2] Elsayed, E.A. and O.I. Unal, "Order Batching Algorithms and Travel Time Estimation for Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems," International Journal of Production Research, V ol. 27, No. 7, 1989, 1097-1114.[3] Han, M.H., L.F. McGinnis, J.S. Shieh, and J.A. White, "On Sequencing Retrievals In An Automated Storage/Retrieval System," IIE Transactions, March 1987, 56-66.。

升降横移式立体车库控制策略的研究

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升降横移式立体车库控制策略的研究
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升降横移式立体车库设计方案研讨

随着人类社会的进步和交通业的不断发展，停
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案，其特点是：每一个车位都有自己独立的运动驱动系统，上层和底层只有升降功能，中间层
升降横移式立体车库设计方案研讨
梁睦李春广张洪
中原工学院机电学院
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要：通过对３层和多层升降横移式立体车库的结构设计方案的比较，详细介绍了车辆立体存放中升降、
横移运动执行机构的工作原理，展示了升降横移式立体车库中车辆存取的基本动作要求，分析了影响立体车库
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立体仓库中英文对照外文翻译文献

立体仓库中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)由一个单一的存储/检索机服务的多巷道自动化立体仓库存在的拣选分拣问题摘要随着现代化科技的发展，仓库式存储系统在设计与运行方面出现了巨大的改革。

自动化立体仓库（AS / RS）嵌入计算机驱动正变得越来越普遍。

由于AS / RS 使用的增加对计算机控制的需要与支持也在提高。

这项研究解决了在多巷道立体仓库的拣选问题，在这种存储/检索（S / R）操作中，每种货物可以在多个存储位置被寻址到。

提出运算方法的目标是，通过S/R系统拣选货物来最大限度的减少行程时间。

我们开发的遗传式和启发式算法，以及通过比较从大量的问题中得到一个最佳的解决方案。

关键词：自动化立体仓库，AS / RS系统，拣选，遗传算法。

1.言在现今的生产环境中，库存等级保持低于过去。

那是因为这种较小的存储系统不仅降低库存量还增加了拣选货物的速度。

自动化立体仓库（AS / RS），一方面通过提供快速响应，来达到高操作效率；另一方面它还有助于运作方面的系统响应时间，减少的拣选完成的总行程时间。

因此，它常被用于制造业、储存仓库和分配设备等行业中。

拣选是仓库检索功能的基本组成部分。

它的主要目的是，在预先指定的地点中选择适当数量的货物以满足客户拣选要求。

虽然拣选操作仅仅是物体在仓储中装卸操作之一，但它却是“最耗时间和花费最大的仓储功能。

许多情形下，仓储盈利的高低就在于是否能将拣选操作运行处理好”。

（Bozer和White）Ratliff和Rosenthal，他们关于自动化立体仓库系统（AS/RS）的拣选问题进行的研究，发明了基图算法，在阶梯式布局中选取最短的访问路径。

Roodbergen 和de Koster 拓展了Ratliff 和Rosenthal算法。

他们认为，在平行巷道拣选问题上，应该穿越巷道末端和中间端进行拣选，就此他们发明了一种动态的规划算法解决这问题。

就此Van den Berg 和Gademann发明了一种运输模型(TP)，它是对于指定的存储和卸载进行测算的仪器。

基于PLC的立体车库控制系统毕业设计

天津职业技术师范大学本科生毕业设计基于PLC的立体车库控制系统Design of Cubic Garage Control System Based on PLC专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：学院：摘要随着中国社会的飞快成长，买车已经是很普遍的事。

城市里已经建成的停车场远不够用，导致将车停放在路边的行为越来越泛滥。

通过形式各异的立体车库和停车场以及地下车库的对比，很多地方都突出立体车库优点。

日本已经与30、40年前开展了立体车库的研究。

若使用双层立体车库，可让每平方米土地得到充分的使用，与地下车库相比，可以减少冬季采暖以及通风管道等设备，而立体车库使用中的用电量与前者对比而言，立体车库用电量较低。

本文介绍了升降横移式立体车库的工作原理，选择二层三列式立体车库作为研究对象，本文简单介绍了立体车库的背景、优点；对升降横移式立体车库的组成、运动方式作了深入分析；确定了以西门子s7-200PLC作为控制系统核心的控制系统；使用组态王软件对系统进行监控，保证使用安全性；做出PLC的I/O分配，并完成了程序流图，完成立体停车库控制系统设计。

关键词：立体车库；PLC；控制系统ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of Chinese society, it is a common thing for people buying car. Since the lacking of parking lot, more and more people begin to park their car at the road side. The comparison among stereo garage with various forms, parking lot and underground parking lot manifests the advantage of stereo garage from many aspects. Jan has researched the stereo garage since about 35 years ago. The double-layer stereo garage can take full use of every square meter’s land and it can decrease the uses of ventilate equipment and heating equipment in winter as well as has lower electricity consumption while comparing to underground parking lot.This thesis, setting double-layer and three-stand stereo garage as research object, explains the work principle of lifting and transferring stereo garage; simply introduces the background and advantage of stereo garage; deeply analyzes the composition and operation method of lifting and transferring stereo garage; confirms the control system setting on the core of Siemens s7-200PLC; employs Kingview software to monitor the system for ensuring its safety; conducts I/0 distribution of PLC; accomplishes the program flow chart; as well as couplets the control system design for stereo garage.Key words: cubic garage; PLC；control system目录第一章研究立体车库的意义 (1)1.1立体车库的研究背景 (1)1.2立体车库的优点 (1)1.3立体车库的分类及其特点 (2)1.3.1横移类机械式停车设备 (2)1.3.2垂直循环类机械式停车设备 (2)1.3.3堆垛类机械式停车设备 (2)1.4本课题主要研究内容 (3)第二章升降横移式立体车库 (4)2.1升降横移式立体车库的简述 (4)2.2升降横移式立体车库的结构及组成部分 (4)2.3PLC的选择 (4)2.4PLC核心控制部分 (6)2.52×3式升降横移式立体停车库的运动分析 (7)第三章升降横移式立体车库控制原理及控制系统组成 (10)3.1升降横移式立体车库的系统控制原理 (10)3.2升降横移式立体车库的硬件组成 (11)3.3升降横移式立体车库的检测部分 (13)3.4升降横移式立体车库的安全措施 (14)3.5升降横移式立体车库的通信设备 (15)第四章基于组态王的监控设计 (16)4.1组态王介绍 (16)4.2组态王使用方法 (16)第五章升降横移式立体车库PLC控制的控制程序 (19)5.1程序控制流程图 (19)5.2PLC的I/O点分配表及硬件连线图 (20)5.3PLC的编程 (20)总结 (22)参考文献 (23)致谢 (24)附录 (25)第一章研究立体车库的意义1.1立体车库的研究背景随着中国社会的飞快成长，买车已经是很普遍的事。

立体车库外文-Three-dimensional garage

译文原文题目：Three-dimensional garage 译文题目：立体车库学院：电子信息学院专业班级：测控技术与仪器09级2班学生姓名：学号：原文：Three-dimensional garage1.A three-dimensional outlines garage ：Vehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. As many new households within the district and the parking ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle's unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted. Machinery garage with the traditional natural underground garage, in many respects to demonstrate its superiority. First, the mechanical garage with a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storeys), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs.Mechanical garage and underground garage can be more effective than to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.In the underground garage using mechanical parking, but also can remove the heating, ventilation, therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Machinery sets are usually not in the garage, but a single from the packaging. This will give full play to its smallspace, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage right now the district to solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions.Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms : lifting and transferring, tunnel-stacker, vertical-type, Vertical circulation, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round.(1) lifting and transferringLifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. This applies three-dimensional garage on the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and low cost.1. Product features :1) save land, the configuration flexibility, shorter construction period.2) low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations.3) use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable.4) access to a quick, short waiting times.5) Run a smooth, low noise.6) applies to commercial, offices, residential quarters supporting the use of car parks.2. Safety devices : anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.(2) - Roadway StackerAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles, All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the Stacker higher technical requirements, single stacker higher costs So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers.(3) vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layoutspaces. generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area.(4) Vertical cycleProduct features :1) covers an area of small, two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.3) low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, short construction periods.4) use automatic control, safe and reliable operation.2.three-dimensional garage automatic control system :Large modern architectural mainstream intelligent buildings and residential communities. So auto-parking garage equipment or automatic control system will become intelligent buildings and residential communities an important component of pm. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associated with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expand utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems : automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program.(1) Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charging non-contact IC cards. IC cards with the long-card two. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pay management fees paid together; On the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely : the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.(2) Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system generally small PLC control. including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Cun truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, Parking will be normal light-Kai. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.(3) remote diagnosis systemControllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring theoperation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel.(4) Automatic GateIn the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminant validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm.(5) monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded.System :Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.Motion Detection functions : setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs.LPR functions : it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal, and automatic switching and record their images.Alarm linkage functions : all can move even the police mainframe, If activated Relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access.Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image toenlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information.Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following :1) The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation.Red lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.2) Stores in operationDrivers of vehicles entering from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. Vehicles, fencing to shut down automatically. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators.3) the operatorDrivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically.Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished.Garage in the course of operation, a complete self-protection devices. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; Falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.Garage is a hot topic in large and medium-sized cities. State Economic and Trade Commission, "city Solid Garage" as "the recent focus on the development of technology industries." With the continuous increase in domestic cars, trucks contradictions exist in public places and communities, the problem will become increasingly conspicuous green vehicles crowded. in the awareness of the environment and enhance the quality of life when the "garage" is becoming a hot topic. Automated machinery garage will be in the development of new developments and commercial agents.译文：立体车库车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济和交通发展到一定程度的结果，车库设备在国外发展，尤其是在日本近30—40年。

基于PLC的升降横移式立体车库自动控制

锉番欲长滑
（郑州铁路职业技术学院电气工程系，河南郑州４５００５２）
摘
要：为满足车辆存取控制的需求。在阐述多层升降横移式立体停车库结构特点的基础上，提出了一种立体车库存取控制方法。
０引言
随着汽车和各类建筑物数量的不断增加．传统的
单层平面停车场已不能满足停车的需求． “ 停车难 ” 成了社会问题。因此，建立新型的、占地少的立体停车库，已成为当今社会的迫切需求。立体车库主要有升降横移式、垂直循环式、水平循环式、垂直升降式等几
基于ＰＬＣ的升降横移式立体车库自动控制
张桂香，等
基于ＰＬＣ的升降横移式立体车库自动控制
ＰＬＣ— ｂａｓｅｄＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｆｏｒＬｉｆｔｉｎｇａｎｄＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒｉｎｇ３ＤＧａｒａｇｅ
制系统以及安全防护装置等五部分组成。升降横移式停车库的工作原理是利用载车板移位产生垂直通道，实现高层或地下车位升降存取车辆。
每个车位都有载车板，所需存取的车辆通过载车板升
降和横移运行到达地面层，驾驶员进入车库，存取车
辆。停在地面的车辆只作横移运行，不需升降，上层车位或下层车位要通过中间层横移空出车位，只有将载
种类型，国内立体停车设备是以升降横移类为主，这类车库约占总量的８０％以上＿】】升降横移式停车设备各层车架之间的高度仅按车体的安全高度设计，单车存放的平均占地面积和占有空间达到最小，且无需修建坡道和匝道，车体存取由载车板的移动完成。该设备结构简单、占地少、投资少、布局灵活、组合方便、存取容易、操作简便。根据该设备设计的ＰＬＣ控制系统提供多种保护，运行平稳、安

升降横移式立体车库简介

第一章升降横移式立体车库机械部分设计升降横移式立体车库简介1、立体车库的工作原理升降横移式立体车库是指利用载车板的升降或横向平移存取停放车辆的机械式停车设备。

升降横移式立体车库每个车位均有载车板，所需存取车辆的载车板通过升、降、横移运动到达地面层，驾驶员进入车库，存取车辆，完成存取过程。

停泊在这类车库地面地车制作横移，不必升降，上层车位或下层车位需通过中间层横移出空位。

将载车板升或降到地面层，驾驶员才可以进入车库内将汽车开进或开出车库。

图2.0为一个地上7车位的升降横移式停车设备，其工作原理是：三层三个车位可以升降，二层的三个车位可以升降和平移，一层的两个车位只能横向平移，空车位供二层和三层的车位下降是借用。

1、2号车位可以直接存放车辆；7号车位需下降后在存放车辆；3号车位，则需先将1号和2号载车板右移，载将3好载车板下降；4号车位，则需先将2号载车板右移，再将4好载车板下降；5号车位需要先将1、2、3、4号四个载车板右移，再将5好载车板下降；6号车位场地的适应性强，介绍系统各机械部分结构和功能，可根据不同的地形和空间进行任意的组合、排列，规模可大可小，对土建的要求比较低，因此，应用非常广泛。

图七车位升降横移式立体车库工作原理图2.立立体车库机械部分部件结构和功能以三层三列式立体车库为模型建立研究对象。

升降横移式立体车库主要由结构框架部分、载车板部分、横移系统、提升系统、控制系统、安全防护系统六大组成部分组成。

下面我们重点对车库的主要组成进行分析。

图升降横移式立体车库主要组成①结构框架立体车库一般主要以钢结构和钢筋混凝土为主，在升降横移式车库中我们选用钢架结构。

钢架结构与其他建筑结构相比，具有如下特点：a.可靠性高钢材在生产时，整个过程可严格控制，质量比较稳定，性能可靠。

钢材组织均匀，接近于各项同性匀质体；钢材的物理力学特性与工程力学对材料性能所作的基本假定符合较好；钢结构的实际工作性能比较符合目前的理论计算结果，计算结果可靠，所以说钢结构的可靠性高b.材料的强度高，钢结构自重小与混凝土等材料相比，虽然钢材的重力密度大，但它的强度和弹性模量较高，而且强度与重力密度之比也高得多。

(完整word版)升降横移立体车库英文文献原文

Status of the development of solid garageStereo garage is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile. As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays ,the hard-to-park problem has become a common phenomenon. Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play and maximize the number of parking cars. It has become an important way for static traffic problem of cities. The issue studies the type mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage, and regards of the two factors of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically.On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad, we choose three-layer and three-formulistic garage structure as the research model. According to the form of the dragging-forms of multi player up-down and translation ear-base, it is made of three pares -part of ear-base structure part of driving-framework and part of control system. The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system. The finite element reliability checking of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage, the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage. Including intension of the framework structure axes etc. The paper adopted PLC as control system in designing the up-down and translation stereo garage, PLC software of OMRON company was used to weave the program of control system, through debugging running. The result proved that adopted PLC as control system is simple and easy to realize. The characteristic of stabilization ,credibility , speediness and high capability made the control system very perfection of mechanical parking systems-general safety requirement and the facts of the up-down and translation stereo garage the paper introduced some safety technique which was used in the up-down and translation stereo garage. This can ensure absolute safety for car and make the whole stereo garage safety and running smooth .On the base of the project "Optimal design of the mechanisms in the stereoscopic garage"，some mechanisms in the lift park garage has been designed optimally. At the first, we established the running mode and the structure of the mechanisms adapted to the running mode. And then, we chose the immobile comb as the parking space andthe steel structure framework as support, the optimal design on the two mechanisms was carried through. The optimal design on the immobile comb and the steel structure framework was carried through with augmented multipliers method. At the end, the result of the optimal design is that the immobile comb will be more reasonable and decreased the whole weight of the garage and the load of the steel structure framework, and the weight of the steel structure framework become more light.With the rapid development of shanghai ,the settlement of the difficult of parking of shanghai has already reached the very urgent stage. In the city center where every inch of land is precious ,especially the area which such vehicles as the hotel ,market ,shopping center location ,etc. Dr.eye.concentrate ,can only develop to the sky ,to underground ,so has built and already to a great deal of three-dimensional garage parking reached the essential stage ,at the same time there are many advantages too in the three-dimensional garage parking.First ,economize the space. Generally speaking ,its floor space is about 1/2~1/25 of the level parking area ,machinery type "three-dimensional" .The garage can both be installed with ground underground ,the greatest advantage can fully utilize the small area to develop to the high altitude, try one's best to store more vehicles ,the place that the land resource in short supply ,the vehicle is big in capacity to park in the way best. For example ,are most suitable for using "vertical circulation" on the limited residential quarter ground on the space three-dimensional garage of the type. 8 storey s of every groups of this kind of garage ,that is to say ,only parked the three-dimensional garage built up on the area of a car and park 8 cars originally.Second ,automation is controlled ,easy to use. The three-dimensional automatic degree of garage parking is very high ,can hoist or lower the rotatory type ,for example ,district residents come off duty and park ,so long as according to the number that the brass-wind instrument is corresponding with the parking stall ,this parking stall will be rotated and landed to the ground ,after the car owner parks the good vehicle ,and then according to the number ,the parking stall circles round and rises ,restored to the throne again. From a complete set and install the intellectual administrative system of the parking area after installing the large-scale underground parking of the three-dimensional garage ,go on one on duty to manage hour through professional staff member of technical training.Third ,three-dimensional garage build cost lower than the traditional parking area greatly. It is reported, the occupation of land and building cost in the traditional parking area is quite high. Do not generally get on very well ,ordinary each occupation of land in the parking stall ,about 15 square meters ,the floors ,the floor space of each parking stall of underground parking is above 25 square meters at least on the ground. If use the three-dimensional garage parking, can park one group and 8 parking stalls of three-dimensional garage parking on the vacant lot of 30 square meters ,the average floor space of each parking stall is less than 4 square meters. In respect to building cost ,the house property developer of the district builds an underground parking stall to need to invest 60,000-80,000 yuan at present ,the construction cost of some top-grade underground parking stalls of office building is up to more than ten ten thousand yuan especially. If install the three-dimensional garage ,is it increase parking stall is can cost stand thin to reach 50,000-60,000 yuan each construction of parking stall to try one's best in a situation that the area of space does not change.Fourth, it is safe and reliable and beautifying the environment. Allocate the automatic detection system, various kings of sage organizations, autoalarm , fire-fighting system and other stick precautions facility. The automobile will not damage , loses. Suit measures to local conditions, utilize fragmentary vacant lot , shape beautiful garage beyond mix ,beautify the urban environment.。

智能停车场中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能停车场中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)智能停车场最近几年来汽车的动态平衡与静态管理已成为许多专家学者重点研究的新课题。

智能停车场系统为了保证车辆安全和交通方便，迫切需要采用自动化程度高、方便快捷的停车场自动管理系统，提高停车场管理水平。

现阶段的目标就是要提供满足人们工作、生活、娱乐环境更科学、规范、有效快捷、安全、方便的智能停车场自动管理系统。

停车场管理系统正在向大型化、复杂化、集成化和高科技化方向发展，智能停车场系统已经被纳入智能建筑的一个重要子系统，并且正与智能建筑的其它子系统进一步高度集成。

智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供—种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合，提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统。

它依靠高科技，以人为本，采用图形人机界面操作方式，提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间，促进了人文环境的健康发展。

1 目前国内外停车场主要有以下几种类型1．1 机械式停车场机械式停车场是国内停车场主要的一种，机械式停车场是指停车场完全由机械停车设备如曳引驱动机、导向轮、载车板、横移装置、控制柜、召唤操作盘、升降回转装置、搬运器等构成。

分为升降横移类、垂直循环类、水平循环类、多层循环类、平面移动类、垂直升降类、简单升降类等类型。

因其停车方式多样独特，具有很强的应用性。

它的主要优点有占地面积小，选型多样、可具体结合场地特点设计，也可与其他方式相结合来实施，自动化程度高，操作使用方便，管理和维护也较为容易，具有定量存车的特点。

1．2 平面停车场系统智能停车场系统平面停车场系统因其主要采取感应式IC卡读卡方式，所以也叫感应式停车场系统。

立体车库的分类及展望

立体车库的分类及展望刘琳丽，杜明明，季雨停，许晚君，宋帅（山东科技大学机械电子工程学院，山东青岛 266590）摘要：随着城市不断发展，各种车辆的不断增加，停车位的需求也不断上升，特别是大城市汽车拥有量的增长速度远远超过停车位的增长速度，立体车库便应运而生[1]。

文章主要介绍我国立体车库的发展背景，面临的停车压力，立体车库的分类，以及立体车库的发展。

关键词：停车位；立体车库；停车压力；分类中图分类号：TU248.3 文献标志码：A文章编号：1672-3872（2017）10-0127-011 引言在土地资源昂贵的大中城市，停放汽车占用了过多的面积，不利于城市的规划改造。

汽车增加的数量远远超过汽车停车位的数量，很多汽车车主找不到合适的停车位，甚至将汽车随意停放，如何在有限的土地资源和土地面积上增加停车位，满足车主们停放车辆的需求成为关注的焦点。

2 立体车库分类2.1 升降横移类立体车库升降横移类立体车库通过载车板的升降动作和横移动作来实现车辆的存取。

这类车库具有很强的适应性，规模可根据地理条件的变化而改变。

不仅可以建在地下，也可以建在地上，可以建设小型的，也可建设大型的，因此应用普遍。

其主要组成包括[2]：载车板、钢架结构、传动系统、控制系统等。

2.2 垂直循环类立体车库垂直循环类立体车库是通过垂直方向上做循环运动来完成车辆存取的机械停车设备。

这类立体车库工作原理是电机带动传动机构，在牵引的链条上每隔一定距离安装一个存车架。

电机开启后，存车架随链条一起做循环运动，实现车辆的存取。

这类车库的特点是容量小，能适应较小地块停车，节省占地，存取车方便快捷。

2.3 多层循环类立体车库多层循环类立体车库是通过载车板上下的循环运动，从而实现车辆的存放和取出。

目前多层循环类立体车库运行方式有两种：方形循环式立体车库和圆形循环式立体车库。

主要区别在于停车设备端部运送车辆的上下层转动方式不同，方形循环式立体车库是载车板在上下层交换过程中沿直线上下升降运动，圆形循环式立体车库是载车板在上下层交换过程中沿圆形轨迹运动。

立体车库英文原文

Three-dimensional garage1.A three-dimensional outlines garageVehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. As many new households within the district and the parking ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle's unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted. Machinery garage with the traditional natural underground garage, in many respects to demonstrate its superiority. First, the mechanical garage with a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storeys), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs.Mechanical garage and underground garage can be more effective than to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.In the underground garage using mechanical parking, but also can remove the heating, ventilation, therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Machinery sets are usually not in the garage, but a single from the packaging. This will give full play to its small space, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage right now the district to solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions.Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms : lifting and transferring, tunnel-stacker, vertical-type, Vertical circulation, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round.(1) lifting and transferringLifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. This applies three-dimensional garage on the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and low cost.1. Product features :1) save land, the configuration flexibility, shorter construction period.2) low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations.3) use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable.4) access to a quick, short waiting times.5) Run a smooth, low noise.6) applies to commercial, offices, residential quarters supporting the use of car parks.2. Safety devices : anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.(2) - Roadway StackerAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles, All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the Stacker higher technical requirements, single stacker higher costs So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers.(3) vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces. generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area.(4) Vertical cycleProduct features :1) covers an area of small, two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.3) low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, shortconstruction periods.4) use automatic control, safe and reliable operation.2.three-dimensional garage automatic control system :Large modern architectural mainstream intelligent buildings and residential communities. So auto-parking garage equipment or automatic control system will become intelligent buildings and residential communities an important component of pm. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associated with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expand utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems : automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program. (1) Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charging non-contact IC cards. IC cards with the long-card two. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pay management fees paid together; On the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely : the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.(2) Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system generally small PLC control. including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set thecorresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Cun truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, Parking will be normal light-Kai. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.(3) remote diagnosis systemControllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring the operation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel.(4) Automatic GateIn the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminant validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm.(5) monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded.System :Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation sphericalplatforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.Motion Detection functions : setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs.LPR functions : it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal, and automatic switching and record their images.Alarm linkage functions : all can move even the police mainframe, If activated Relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access.Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information.Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following :1) The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation.Red lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.2) Stores in operationDrivers of vehicles entering from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. Vehicles, fencing to shut down automatically. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators.3) the operatorDrivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically. Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished.Garage in the course of operation, a complete self-protection devices. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; Falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.4, The end"Garage" is a hot topic in large and medium-sized cities. State Economic and Trade Commission, "city Solid Garage" as "the recent focus on the development of technology industries." With the continuous increase in domestic cars, trucks contradictions exist in public places and communities, the problem will become increasingly conspicuous green vehicles crowded. in the awareness of the environment and enhance the quality of life when the "garage" is becoming a hot topic. Automated machinery garage will be in the development of new developments and commercial agents.。

立体车库外文翻译原文

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AUTOMATED PARKING: STATUS IN THE UNITED STATESADVANTAGES AND CRITERIARICHARD S。

BEEBE, DIRECTORPARKING AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNINGCONSULTING ENGINEERS GROUP， INC.55 E。

EUCLID AVE.， MT。

PROSPECT, IL 60056USAPRESENTEDATWORLD PARKING SYMPOSIUM IIIST. ANDREWS, SCOTLAND: JUNE 25, 2001AUTOMATED PARKING – THE ENVIRONMENTALSOLUTION TO THE URBAN PARKING SHORTAGEADVANTAGES AND CRITERIAGUIDELINES TO AUTOMATED GARAGE DEVELOPMENT♦The current state—of-the-art automated parking systems • Types• Capacities• Operating Systems• Site Area Criteria♦ Financial/Operating Advantages• Land Area and Savings•Operation’s Savings• Cost Features of Vehicle/Patron Security• Time and Motion♦ Environmental Advantages• Reduced Miles of Interior Travel• Reduced Emissions Production• Reduced Noise Generation• Reduced Construction Products and Impacts of Construction Activity ♦ System Applications• Location – Freestanding or Inside Buildings• Capacity and Structure Design• User Populations and Specific Needs• Traffic and Exterior Conditions♦ Typical Installations• Above Ground• Below Ground• Site and Operating Statistics♦ Movement Toward System Recognition/Criteria for Development• Parking Interests• Potential User Interests• International Media Attention• Product PromotionHISTORY OF MECHANICAL PARKING IN THE U.S. AND ITS STATUS IN 2001INTRODUCTIONMechanical parking systems were first introduced in the U。

基于排队论的升降横移式立体停车库控制策略研究

Ｆｉ．ＱｕｕｎｙｍｆＭｅｈｎｃｌｔｒｏＧａａｅｇ１ｅｉ的升降横移式立体车库，归纳为可
Ｍ／１型排队论问题，Ｄ／即顾客相继到达间隔时间服
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作者简介：素粉（９１）女，士生，南省三门峡职业技术学院教师。王１８一，硕河
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［要］制系统对于整个机械式立体停车库而言犹如其心脏，控制着整个立体停车库的运动过程，立摘控它使
体停车库能准确无误的完成各种动作，文提出了一种基于排队论的控制策略，通过模拟仿真得出车库本并
王素粉
（门峡职业技术学院，三河南，门峡三
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第２６卷第１期２１０２年３月

智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Intelligent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes ‘‘on line’’ decisions whether to accept or reject a new driver's request for parking. In the ﬁrst step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learn-ing from the best strategies, speciﬁc rules are deﬁned. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules arederived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.Keywords: Traffic; Uncertainty modeling; Control; Parking; Fuzzy logic 1.IntroductionEvery day a signiﬁcant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have signiﬁcant inﬂuence on a chosen parking search strategy. During the last four decades numerous parking search models have been developed (Vander Goot, 1982; Axhausen and Polak, 1991; Polak and Axhausen, 1990; Young et al., 1991a,b; saltzman, 1997; Shoup, 1997; Steiner, 1998; Thompson and Richardson, 1998; Arnott and Rowse, 1999; Tam and Lam, 2000; Wong et al., 2000; Waterson et al., 2001). In many decision-making situations in transportation (modal split, choice of air carrier, choice of airport, etc.) the competitive alternatives and their characteristics are reasonably well known in advance to the decision maker (passenger, driver). On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong inﬂuence on the driver's ﬁnal decision about the parking placeDuring the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) havestarted to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the beneﬁts of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems. Guidance systems signiﬁcantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to ﬁnd vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their ﬁnal destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. Such systems would help drivers to ﬁnd a vacant parking space even before beginning their trip. The proposed ‘‘intelligent’’parking space inventory control system that is based on the combination of simulation, optimization techniques, and fuzzy logic makes ‘‘real-time’’ decisions as to whether to reject or accept a new request for parking. The proposedmethodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as follows:1. Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory control system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orientations.2.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternativesof public transportation . Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times. As a consequence, the total number of cars parked significantly decreased, as well as parking duration time. The greatest decrease was in the number of all day parkers. Authorities in Seattle signiﬁcantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown . Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees' parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main role of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number of vehicle trips during certain time periods, shifting commuters to alternative transportation modes, and to different parking locations. At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to provide preferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential parking for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood from illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving complex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportation facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airportoperators (more expensive landing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking problems, this means: (a) that different parking tariffs should exist for different users; (b) that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.3.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with some other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equipment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). Revenue management could be described as a group of different scientiﬁc techniques of managing the company revenue when trying to deliver the right product to the right client at the right price at the right time. The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are: (a) variable demand over time; (b) variable asset utilization; (c) perishable assets; (d) limited resources; (e) market segmentation; (f) adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossible; (g) direct cost per client is negligible part of the total cost of making service available; (h) selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:· Parking demand is variable over time.· Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be ‘‘sold’’ (used by clients).·Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by drivers· Market segmentation means that different customers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat ina rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.· Building new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very difficult.· Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.Introducing and developing parking reservation system (created in an Internet and cell phone environ-ment) would present further improvement in modern parking technologies. Drivers would be advised and guided before beginning of the trip, as well as during the trip. Parking reservation system should be coupled with the parking revenue management system. In this way, parking operators and traffic authorities would be able to implement different parking strategies. Once the driver is allowed to park, it is possible to implement internal garage guidance system that guides the driver to an empty parking place.4.Introducing parking revenue management systemLet us assume that we have parking reservation system. Drivers make their requests for parking at random moments of time (by phone from home, by cell phone while driving, through the Internet, etc.).A certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random moments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-ﬁrmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supply, the answer could be ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’.Reservation system should be ﬂexible enough allowing some drivers to appear right before wished beginning of parking, looking for an emptyspace in a garage, even though they do not have a conﬁrmed reservation. Would it be good to have few different parking tariffs? The answer is obviously ‘‘Yes’’. Drivers paying lower parking tariffs could be disabled and senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, or HOV drivers. Drivers paying higher tariffs could be solo drivers, long term parking drivers, or drivers showing up and asking for parking without making reservation in advance. Obviously, there is a lot of possible parking pricing strategies.The stochastic nature of reservation generation and cancellation, the stochastic nature of driver show-up during reserved time slot, variety of parking tariffs, and the need to respond to drivers' requests in real time, indicate that the management of parking garage revenues represents a complex problem.In the past 30 years a relatively large number of papers have been devoted to different aspects of the air-line seat inventory control problem (Littlewood, 1972; Belobaba, 1987; Brumelle and McGill, 1993; Teodorovic et al., 2002). The model proposed in this paper is highly inspired by the developed airline yield management stochastic and/or deterministic models.Let us assume that we have few different parking tariffs. The simplest reservation system (similar to some airline reservation systems in the past) could be ‘‘distinct tariff class parking space inventories’’ (Fig. 1(a)),indicating separate parking spaces in the garage for each tariff class. In this case, once the parking space is assigned to a tariff class, it may be booked only in that tariff class or else remains unsold. There are certain advantages, as well as certain disadvantages in the case of distinct parking space inventories. In this case users paying lower tariffs would be relatively well ‘‘protected’’. In other words, this system would pay a lot of attention to the disabled person, senior citizens,people who reserve parking space few days in advance, and HOV drivers. Obvious disadvantage of the distinct parking space inventories is the fact that very often some parking spaces assigned to lower tariff users would be empty even the higher tariff users demand is very high. In other words, it would be possible to reject some drivers even all parking spaces in garage are not occupied.In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system ’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are available in lower tariff classes. For example, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes (Fig. 1(b)). As we can see from Fig. 1(b), all parking spaces are always available to class1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.In this research (like in the paper of Teodorovic ´ et al., 2002) an attempt was made to make reservation decisions on theBL1BL2BLmCBL1=CBL2BLm (a)(b)Fig.1‘‘request-by-request’’ basis. In the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of tariffs. The basic characteristic of the parking space inventory control model that we propose is ‘‘real-time’’ decision making about each driver request. The developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system.译文：智能停车场系统摘要：本文讨论停车预订系统和停车收入管理系统的基本概念.拟议的智能停车空间的库存控制系统，基于模糊逻辑和整数规划技术相结合，使“上线”决定是否接受或拒绝新的驱动程序的停车要求。

立体车库外文翻译与原文

附件2：外文文献译文与原文专业班级：电气124 姓名：陈威驰学号：2012013850基于密码的旋转多层停车场系统作者：Nayab Suhail Hamirani, Imdad Ali Ismaili,Asad Ali Shaikh, Faheem Ahmed, Azhar Ali Shah摘要：在人口稠密地区和较大的城市，由于交通拥挤，停车成为了一个大问题。

使用旋转立体停车系统能够有效地减轻这个问题。

使用停车系统能够在更少的空间获得更安全的停车场。

为了降低成本并获得更小的空间和最佳的性能，我们使用ATMEL单片机作为主处理器，同时借助LCD和电机分别用于显示和旋转楼层。

密码锁定系统用来区分用户并检测停车场还剩下多少自由空间。

随着市场的全球化，汽车的数量也上升到了无法控制的局面。

设计这个系统模型的初衷就是为了解决这个问题，同时本项目中嵌入密码锁定系统也可以提高车辆停车的安全性。

关键词:基于密码的安全性；单片机；直流齿轮电机；普通IC；快速PCB1．引言本项目的目的是设计一种自动多层停车场系统，帮助普通民众将车停放在更小更安全的地方。

由于现代人口密集，以前的一些停车位被用作一些基础设施的建设，在大企业和公寓需要一个可以避免空间浪费的创新设计。

但是，这类项目的开发一直有个问题，虽然这些停车场是多层的，可是并不安全。

因此为了能够使用密码锁设备我们使用了微控制器，同时我们还使用了旋转楼层以保证最佳的设计。

本项目基于圆形建筑而不是正方形或长方形的建筑物，之所以这么选择是因为通过使用圆形建筑形状我们可以停放更多的车辆，但是使用其他形状的建筑物像正方形和矩形就很难这么做[1]。

在提案中，我们需要的器件包括两个电机，不同的操作开关，一个振荡器，一个按钮和液晶显示屏[6]。

2．项目研究现状在信息时代，我们可以看到人口已经增长到了一个不可控制的程度。

为了弥补这个问题我们设计了很多的大型项目。

但是很多项目都不安全，从人类的利益和缓解停车危机的角度出发我们设计了多层旋转停车场，这个设计可以有效的处理安全问题。

升降横移立体车库英文文献原文

Status of the development of solid garageStereo garage is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile. As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays ,the hard-to-park problem has become a common phenomenon. Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play and maximize the number of parking cars. It has become an important way for static traffic problem of cities. The issue studies the type mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage, and regards of the two factors of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically.On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad, we choose three-layer and three-formulistic garage structure as the research model. According to the form of the dragging-forms of multi player up-down and translation ear-base, it is made of three pares -part of ear-base structure part of driving-framework and part of control system. The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system. The finite element reliability checking of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage, the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage. Including intension of the framework structure axes etc. The paper adopted PLC as control system in designing the up-down and translation stereo garage, PLC software of OMRON company was used to weave the program of control system, through debugging running. The result proved that adopted PLC as control system is simple and easy to realize. The characteristic of stabilization ,credibility , speediness and high capability made the control system very perfection of mechanical parking systems-general safety requirement and the facts of the up-down and translation stereo garage the paper introduced some safety technique which was used in the up-down and translation stereo garage. This can ensure absolute safety for car and make the whole stereo garage safety and running smooth .On the base of the project "Optimal design of the mechanisms in the stereoscopic garage"，some mechanisms in the lift park garage has been designed optimally. At the first, we established the running mode and the structure of the mechanisms adapted to the running mode. And then, we chose the immobile comb as the parkingspace and the steel structure framework as support, the optimal design on the two mechanisms was carried through. The optimal design on the immobile comb and the steel structure framework was carried through with augmented multipliers method. At the end, the result of the optimal design is that the immobile comb will be more reasonable and decreased the whole weight of the garage and the load of the steel structure framework, and the weight of the steel structure framework become more light.With the rapid development of shanghai ,the settlement of the difficult of parking of shanghai has already reached the very urgent stage. In the city center where every inch of land is precious ,especially the area which such vehicles as the hotel ,market ,shopping center location ,etc. Dr.eye.concentrate ,can only develop to the sky ,to underground ,so has built and already to a great deal of three-dimensional garage parking reached the essential stage ,at the same time there are many advantages too in the three-dimensional garage parking.First ,economize the space. Generally speaking ,its floor space is about 1/2~1/25 of the level parking area ,machinery type "three-dimensional" .The garage can both be installed with ground underground ,the greatest advantage can fully utilize the small area to develop to the high altitude, try one's best to store more vehicles ,the place that the land resource in short supply ,the vehicle is big in capacity to park in the way best. For example ,are most suitable for using "vertical circulation" on the limited residential quarter ground on the space three-dimensional garage of the type. 8 storey s of every groups of this kind of garage ,that is to say ,only parked the three-dimensional garage built up on the area of a car and park 8 cars originally.Second ,automation is controlled ,easy to use. The three-dimensional automatic degree of garage parking is very high ,can hoist or lower the rotatory type ,for example ,district residents come off duty and park ,so long as according to the number that the brass-wind instrument is corresponding with the parking stall ,this parking stall will be rotated and landed to the ground ,after the car owner parks the good vehicle ,and then according to the number ,the parking stall circles round and rises ,restored to the throne again. From a complete set and install the intellectual administrative system of the parking area after installing the large-scale underground parking of the three-dimensional garage ,go on one on duty to manage hour through professional staff member of technical training.Third ,three-dimensional garage build cost lower than the traditional parking area greatly. It is reported, the occupation of land and building cost in the traditional parking area is quite high. Do not generally get on very well ,ordinary each occupation of land in the parking stall ,about 15 square meters ,the floors ,the floor space of each parking stall of underground parking is above 25 square meters at least on the ground. If use the three-dimensional garage parking, can park one group and 8 parking stalls of three-dimensional garage parking on the vacant lot of 30 square meters ,the average floor space of each parking stall is less than 4 square meters. In respect to building cost ,the house property developer of the district builds an underground parking stall to need to invest 60,000-80,000 yuan at present ,the construction cost of some top-grade underground parking stalls of office building is up to more than ten ten thousand yuan especially. If install the three-dimensional garage ,is it increase parking stall is can cost stand thin to reach 50,000-60,000 yuan each construction of parking stall to try one's best in a situation that the area of space does not change.Fourth, it is safe and reliable and beautifying the environment. Allocate the automatic detection system, various kings of sage organizations, autoalarm , fire-fighting system and other stick precautions facility. The automobile will not damage , loses. Suit measures to local conditions, utilize fragmentary vacant lot , shape beautiful garage beyond mix ,beautify the urban environment.。