语言学期末考试重点

语言学重点

题型：

1.Translation (20分10个) 单词5个中翻英5个英翻中

2.Gap filling (20分10个)

3.multiple choice (20分10个)

4.T or F (10分10个)

5.Question and Answer (30分2个)

I. Decide whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE:

1. Competence and performance is distinguished by Saussure.(F)

2. A synchronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.(F)

3. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.(T)

4. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.(F)

5. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.(T)

6. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.(T)

7. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.(F)

8. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken language.(F)

9. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.(F)

10. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.(F)

11. Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.(F)

12. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.(F)

13. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.(F)

14. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.(F)

15. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.(T)

16. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.(T)

17. Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.(F)

18. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.(T)

19. The meaning of a compound is the combination of the meanings of the words in the compound.(F)

20. In English, inflectional affixes are mostly prefixes.(F)

21. Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.(F)

22. Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.(F) 23. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.( T)

24. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.(F)

25. Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.(T)

26. The predication analysis of a sentence only applies to statements and interrogative forms.(F)

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive.

2. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.

3. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

4.Duality is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.