3.名词性从句
语法3 - 名词性从句
主语从句
• That引导的主语从句 1. It + be动词+ 过去分词 + that从句 第一，人们应该意识到旅游的发展通过产生大量就 业机会和增加外汇收入的方式刺激经济发展。 • Initially, it stimulate economic growth by generating enormous employment opportunities and increase foreign exchange earnings. • 正：First of all, it should be recognized that the development of tourism stimulates economic growth by generating enormous employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange earnings.
主语从句
• That引导的主语从句 She decided to study English though she was interested in music. Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English. It has been known for years that the seas are being overfished. more complex, emphatic, formal,or literary
主语从句
• That引导的主语从句 1. It + be动词+ 过去分词 + that从句 It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the „pure‟ science that they study at school. It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed to build the pyramids. It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
名词性从句课件 (3)
名词性从句课件一、名词性从句概述名词性从句是指在句中充当名词的从句，可以用来作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
名词性从句在句子中起到连接句子成分的作用，使句子更加丰富多样，表达更加准确清晰。
名词性从句可以分为以下几种类型：1.主语从句：在句中作主语的从句。
2.宾语从句：在句中作宾语的从句。
3.表语从句：在句中作表语的从句。
4.同位语从句：在句中作同位语的从句。
二、主语从句主语从句在句中作主语，常常以it作形式主语，将实际的主语从句放在句子后面。
1. 主语从句的引导词常用的主语从句引导词有：•Who：谁•What：什么•Where：哪里•When：什么时候•Whether：是否2. 主语从句的例句下面是一些主语从句的例句：•What you said is true.（你说的是真的。
）•Where he went is still a mystery.（他去哪里仍然是一个谜。
）•Whether he will come or not is uncertain.（他是否会来还不确定。
）三、宾语从句宾语从句在句中作宾语，常常出现在某些动词、形容词或介词后面。
1. 宾语从句的引导词常用的宾语从句引导词有：•That：引导陈述句类宾语从句•Whether/If：引导陈述句类宾语从句或疑问句类宾语从句•Wh-：引导疑问句类宾语从句2. 宾语从句的例句下面是一些宾语从句的例句：•He said that he would come tomorrow.（他说他明天会来。
）•I wonder if/whether the train has arrived.（我想知道火车是否已经到站。
）•She asked me what my favorite color is.（她问我最喜欢的颜色是什么。
）四、表语从句表语从句在句中作表语，常常出现在系动词后面，用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。
1. 表语从句的引导词常用的表语从句引导词有：•That：引导陈述句类表语从句•Whether/If：引导陈述句类表语从句或疑问句类表语从句•Wh-：引导疑问句类表语从句2. 表语从句的例句下面是一些表语从句的例句：•The fact is that he is the winner.（事实是他是赢家。
高中英语名词性从句课件(共42张ppt)
4. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. （天津） A. what B. which C. that D. where
which
作主/宾/
3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、ho表w
作状语
主语从句一般有三种结构： 1. 主语从句+谓语 That she will win the match is certain. 2.主语从句+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句
It is important that we teens should learn English. It is a good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.
1. __T_h_a__t _ he said so made us angry . _W___h_a_t_ he said at the meeting made us angry.
2. A computer can only do___w__h_a_t__ you have
instructed it to do. （全国） 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
3.the reason why … is that … 和It is because …等结构。
It was because I got up late.
同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主 句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟 同位语从句的名词主要有： fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。 如：
三大从句之三----名词性从句
•名词性从句？• 1. 定义？• 2. 分类？• 3. 本质？•• 1.定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。
•名词在句子中作什么成分？• 1. 主语• 2. 宾语• 3. 表语• 4. 同位语•• 2.分类：•句子• 1. 主语--- 主语从句• 2. 宾语--- 宾语从句• 3. 表语--- 表语从句• 4. 同位语--- 同位语从句•• 3.本质•三种句子充当四种成分••三种句子如何充当四种成分的？••罗伯特矮是真的•Robert is short is true.•一个简单句只有一个谓语。
•That Robert is short is true.•主语从句•That Robert is short is true.头重脚轻•It is true that Robert is short .••主语从句常见结构A. It is +形容词+that 从句（clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange…B. It is +名词（短语）+that 从句（a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea, a miracle…）C. It is +过去分词+that 从句（found, believed, reported, thought…•Exam link•Furthermore, it is obvious that strength of a country’s econ omy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.•2000年考研翻译•翻译练习•It is true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?•20006年考研阅读text 5•• 1.陈述句充当四种成分(句首加that)• 1.1.主语：That Robert is short is true.• 1.2.宾语:I know that Robert is short.• 1.3.表语:The fact is that Robert is short.• 1.4.同位语:•I know the fact that Robert is short .••2一般疑问句充当四种成分•我想知道罗伯特矮不矮。
高一必修3语法《名词性从句》
Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略
1. 我们就是这样克服困难的.
This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.
2. 那就是他昨天缺席的原因.
That is why he was absent yesterdas where we met last Sunday.
令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.
Details
Details Details Details
主语从句不用 if 5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain. 他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.
他来不来没什么要紧的.
主语太长了!放到句尾
主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It
同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质
I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room. 我知道他在房间里写作文. 从句的特征: 是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除 外)
宾语从句
3. The truth is that I have been there.
表语从句
4. The fact that she was late surprised us.
高中英语主要要掌握三大从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
（1）, who, whom, that
这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1、连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）
as if ,as t
2、连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。
分别是：
1、定语从句（形容词从句）
2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）
3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）
一、定语从句：
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
3、非限制性定语从句
它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
二、名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
专题3：名词性从句
另外，of 后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语。所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的 charge 后面缺少宾语，
所以用 what 来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选 C。
考点 3 表语从句 常用连接词 that, whether;连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;
②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
4．宾语从句的时态
(1)当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：
①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）
特别提示
（1）as/as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel 等。如：
①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。
②At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼
第 2 页 共 14 页
④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．我一直在考虑如何使我们的报
纸更有趣。
3．宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：
英语名词性从句讲解【完整版】
2、I asked him if he could do me a favor .
If与whether的区别：
1、If不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而whether可以。 2、引导表语从句用whether，不用if。 3、引导同位语从句用whether，不用if。 4、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用if 。 5、whether or not 连在一起可以，但if不可以。而 “whether-----or not = if -----or not”
同位语从句：
定义：在复合句中充当同位语的句子。 同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和 同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。 同位语常见名词：fact, suggestion, advice, idea, decision, news, thought, hope, belief, truth, doubt, promise, possibility, truth, warning, message, reason, report, question，explanation, wish, problem等。 常见的连接词：that, whether, what, who, how, when, where等。 用法： The thought that I want to buy my mother a birthday gift makes me excited.that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明 thought，从句不缺成 分 There is some doubt whether he will come. whether 引导同位语从句，if 不能引导同位语从句 we haven’t made the decision where we are going to spend our vacation. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟解释说明的名词后面。 The news is surprising that he won the match.
人教版新课标英语必修3系统语法梳理：名词性从句
人教版新课标英语必修模块3系统语法梳理— 名词性从句（学生版）主语从句作主语，如：That he will come and help us is certain.宾语从句 作宾语，如：I will go to that shop and see whether they have a telephone. 名词性从句 表语从句 作表语，如：The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists. 同位语从句 作同位语，如：I have no idea when he will be back. 1.名词性从句的语序：名词性从句一律使用_________________语序； 2.名词性从句的结构：连 接 词：that, if, whether3.名词性从句的引导词 连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whose; whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, why, how; whenever, wherever, however4.名词性从句引导词的功能 （1）连接作用连接词： （2）句法功能 连接代词： 连接副词： 例：That she was chosen made us very happy. What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.5.名词性从句在句中的位置 （1）宾语从句 （2）主语从句 （3）表语从句 （4）同位语从句一、宾语从句1.宾语从句的定义：在复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，如： Everything depends on whether we have enough money.2.宾语从句在句中的位置连 接 词： 3.宾语从句的引导词以及句法功能 连接代词： 连接副词：● 分类解析（1）由连接词that, if, whether 引导的宾语从句他认为战争是一件可怕的事情。
名词性从句(3)
名词性从句思维导图1)连接词that 引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。
如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
2)连接词whether 引导名词性从句也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。
He asked whether / if I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
(引导主语从句，不能用if 代替whether)3)连接代词what, whatever; which, whichever; who, whoever; who, whoever等引导名词性从句时，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
What we need is a lot of money.我们现在需要的是大量的资金。
Help yourself to whatever you want.尽请随意。
Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
You can take whichever you like best.你可以拿你最喜欢的。
Who will be elected is still unknown.谁将当选仍然不得而知。
Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.把这寄给负责销售的人。
I don’t mind with whom you’d like to share the room.我不介意你很谁同住一屋。
高一英语必修3名词性从句讲解
高一英语必修3名词性从句讲解在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二、名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
必修3名词性从句——宾语表语从句
A 2. We don't know ______ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which B 3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time
正： Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
误： If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if 则不能。如：
正： I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
Would you like to know when he will come back ?
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能 是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连 词用that She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk . He said (that) he was going to take care of the child . He asks if I like playing the piano . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ? Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ? Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ? I don’t know how far it is to the cinema . Please tell us how many students there are in your school ? Can you tell us how old his brother is ? Please tell us how soon you will be ready .
语法复习三：名词性从句+16开
三,选择填空: 1. Do you see _____ I mean? A. that B./ C. how D. what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind. A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on. A. whatB. that whatB. 4. Let me see _____. A. that can I repair the radio C. I can repair the radio 5. Keep in mind _____. A. that the teacher said C. that did the teacher say
语法复习三:名词性从句 语法复习三:
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语,表语,宾语和同位 语.因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位从 句. (一)引导名词性从句的连接词 1,连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which.有词义,在从句中 担任成分,如主语,表语,宾语,或定语等. 2,连接副词:when, where, why, how.有词义,在从句中担任成\ 分,作状语. 3,连接词:that, whether, if, as if.that 无词义,在从句中不 担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词 义,但在从句中不担任成分.
一,判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句: 1. China is no longer what it used to be.
表语从句 同位语从句
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
英语3大从句
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
一、名词性从句主语从句用作主语，如：：That the earth is round is true．地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如：Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone．我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如：The fact that the earth is round is true．地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
（that 从句用于解释说明the fact）二、形容词性从句（即定语从句）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。
如：The student who answered the question was John．回答问题的学生是John．三、副词性从句（即状语从句）状语从句相当于一个副词，如：时间状语从句When it rains， I usually go to school by bus．天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。
地点状语从句Where I live there are plenty of trees．我住的地方树很多。
（地点状语从句，通常由where， wherever引导。
）原因状语从句Since /As the weather is so bad， we have to delay our journey．天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。
名词性从句(3)
C. It is＋过去分词＋从句 常用于这种句型的分词有：
known, proved, said, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, hoped, thought, considered, turned out等。如： It is said that the professor has succeeded in the experiment.
it 作形式主语有以下几种结构 A.It is＋形容词＋从句 常用于这种句型的形容词有： good, , clear important, likely, possible, necessary, true, wrong, natural, strange. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm. It is certain that he will do well in the exam.
It is suggested that each student should sing a song in English.
It is no surprised that Jim have won the game.
D. It is＋不及物动词＋从句
常用于这种句型的不及物动词有：appear, seem, happen（碰巧）, matter（重要）, occur。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and
help him.
My advice is that you quit smoking.
2）主语为名词reason时，表语从句的连接词要 用that，而不用because。
英语从句(最简单通俗易懂)
从句名词性从句：就是这个些从句的作用，相当于一个名词，按作用分类分成：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
一、主语从句（名词性从句）:引导词：1、that：万能词2、whether：是否，能否（表示怀疑）3、what：什么，……的东西4、whatever：无论……5、who:谁，(指人）6、whoever：无论谁,任何人7、which:那一个，指代前提提到的东西 8、wichever:无论哪一个9、whose:谁的（所有格）10、whom：谁（who的宾格）11、whomever：无论谁，任何人（whoever的宾格)12、how：怎样，用什么方式13、why：为什么14、when：当……时候（表示时间）15、where：在……地点(表示地点）学习心得：从句在复合句中做主语,翻译的时候把一句话，就当一个名词来翻译二、宾语从句（名词性从句)：引导词：1、that：万能词（无意思,只是符号，有的时候会省略)2、who：谁，（指人）3、why：为什么4、when：当……时候（表示时间）5、which：那一个，指代前提提到的东西6、what：什么,……的东西7、how:怎样，用什么方式8、whether:是否，能否（表示怀疑）9、if：如果(表示假设）注:放在非谓语动词（动名词）后面的句子也叫做宾语从句。
如：knowing that………………………………三、表语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1、that：万能词2、whether:是否,能否（表示怀疑）3、what：什么，……的东西4、whatever：无论……5、who:谁，（指人）6、whoever:无论谁,任何人7、which：那一个，指代前提提到的东西 8、wichever：无论哪一个9、whose:谁的（所有格)10、whom：谁(who的宾格）11、whomever：无论谁，任何人(whoever的宾格)12、how：怎样，（表示方式)13、why：为什么（表示原因）14、when：当……时候(表示时间)15、where:在……地点（表示地点)16、as if：好像,似乎（表示可能）17、as though：好像，仿佛(表示可能)学习心得：用句子表示名词,在句中做表语，引导词跟主语从句一样.四、同位语从句（名词性从句）:引导词：1、that：无词义(就是个符号）同位语从句:就是一个句子中名词，后面出现一个名词,或者是句子。
名词性从句 (3)
3. 表语从句
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的 关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词 后，有时用as if, because 引导。 It looks ( ) it is going to rain. ）I want.
That’s just (
4。同位语从句 一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后, 如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等。引导同位语从句的连 接词通常有that, whether和连接副词 when, where, why, how；连接代词who， what，whose，which通常不引导同位语 从句，
3.it作形式主语或形式宾语
4.whether与if 的区别 5.疑问词+ever引导的名词性 从句不能替换为no matter+ 疑问词引导的状语从句
6.名词性从句需用虚拟语气的 情况。
当堂检测
2. 宾语从句 1）His teacher thihk he was bright and ______ he was worth teaching. insist 2) I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
注意:在demand, order, suggest,
分类解雇
名词性主语
主语从句 宾语联词
连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, wh-ever
连接副词
how, why,when,where however,wherever, whenever
that, whether, if, as if /as though
that无成分无意义，只起连接 作用；连接代词和连接副词 在句中既保留自己的疑问含 义、又起连接作用，在从句 中充当成分。
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名词性从句名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词,顾名思义，就是用句子充当名词才能充当的功能（一）主语从句China is a great country.Whether we get enough money is a question.主语从句在句中作主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但是当主语从句太长时，同是把它放在句子后部，前面用it作形式主语，如：That Taiwan belongs to China is well known.It is well known that Taiwan belongs to China.（二）表语从句He is a teacher.This is what I want to see.表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句系动词之后。
（三）宾语从句I don’t know the news.I don’t know where he has gong.I will give the book to whoever comes first.宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词宾语。
（四）同位语从句He himself went to the village.We love you,motherland.He made a promise that he would buy him a car.同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。
常跟同位语从句的名词主要有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，doubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth等。
名词性从句的引导词：单词词义在词中所充当的成分连词that / /if / whether 是否/连接代词what (ever) (无论)什么主、宾、表which (ever) （无论）哪个主、宾、定who (ever) （无论）谁主、、宾、表whom (ever) （无论）谁宾whose (ever) （无论）谁的定连接副词when 什么时候状where 在哪里状why 为什么状how 怎样状3. 找出下列句子中的从句并辨别种类：1）Whether a new airport will be built hasn’t been decided.2）Our difficulty is where we can find a ladder.3）That the player got the first place made us excited.4）He pretended that he was innocent.5）What I think about is whether I should help him.6）I was amazed at the news that he failed in the exam.7) It worries all the parents most that their children oftne chat on the Internet.8) It was a matter of who should get the amount of money.9) We don't’ doubt that he can do a good job of it.10) We have no doubt that he can do a good job of it.名词性从句的语序: 陈述语序1. Can you tell me _________________ then?A. what were you thinking ofB. what you were thinking of2. Can you tell me _______________________?A. what is the matter with youB. what the matter is with you区别what与that探究: what与that在从句中的句法功能有何不同？What在从句中作句子成分，有含义，而that没有含义，不作句子成分。
1）________ she would come at once surprised all of us.2）Please tell me____ has happened to her.3）He did ___ he could to save the drowning girl.4）The exhausted soldiers slept on ___ we called “kang”.5）The fact is ____ we can’t be free that day.6）After _ seemed an hour ,he came to life.7）She doesn’t know ____ ___ she will do with his summer vacation.8) Air is to us what water is to fish.（固定句型）译：__________________________【高考链接】：（2007 全国）_________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhichC. ThatD. Where（三）区别if 与whether1) _____ we will go picnicking depends on _whether_ it will be rainy.2) I have no idea _ __ he will come to the party.3) The question is __ __ he will come to the party.4) I don’t care _ _ he will attend the meeting or not.5) He can’t decide ___ _ to stay here another day.6) He can’t decide __ __ he’ll stay here another day.【高考链接】：（2006 江苏）We haven’t settled the question of _________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whetherC. whereD. that须使用whether的情况①主、表、同位从句用whether ②介词宾语用whether③whether与or not 连用④不定式前用whether(四) it作形式主语和形式宾语Translate the following:1)很显然你误会我了。
_It is obvious that you’ve made a mistake of me.2)很遗憾你错过了音乐会。
__It is a pity that you missed the concert.3)我觉得很遗憾，你错过了音乐会。
__I feel it a pity that you missed the concert___4)你觉得我们一周内完成论文可能吗？__Do you think it possible that we finish this paper within a week____5)有打电话时我碰巧不在家。
_It happened that I was out when you called me___【高考链接】：（2000 上海）Don’t ________ that all these who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A. take as grantedB. take this for grantedC. take that for grantedD. take it for granted【焦点关注】：I would appreciate _______ if you come to my grandma’s birthday party and say hello to her.A. thatB. itC. youD. her牢记：在appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等后接由if或when引导的宾语从句中；在see to, depend on, rely on, count on等后that引导的从句中，从句前常加it作形式宾语。
1)I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.2)译：走的时候务必做到锁好门。
__See to it that the door is locked when you leave__3)译：你可相信，他会帮你的。
_You can rely on it that he will give you a hand___虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1)It is necessary that _we (should) master a foreign language(我们掌握一门外语。
)2)It was suggested that_the sports meeting be called off at once（立即取消运动会。
）3)The teacher requested that_we turn in our homework immediately_(我们立即上交作业)。
4)My suggestion is that we_______(go) to the cinema together.5)His advice that we__________(come) here on the dot is very reasonable.6)The order came _____ the soldiers ______ the small village the next morning.A. that, had to leaveB. that, should leaveC. /, must leaveD. when, should leave结论：①当主句的表语是strange, natural, important, necessary, possible等形容词时，由that 引导的主语从句，其谓语动词使用虚拟语气，即________________________。