东北黑土区冻融侵蚀研究进展与展望

第16卷　第1期2018年2月

中国水土保持科学

Science of Soil and Water Conservation

Vol.16　No.1Feb.2018

东北黑土区冻融侵蚀研究进展与展望

张科利1,刘宏远2

(1.北京师范大学,地理科学学部,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,100875,北京;

2.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,130102,长春)

摘要:冻融侵蚀是土壤侵蚀的主要类型之一,冻融交替通过改变土壤性质和坡面产流产沙过程,导致剧烈的水土流失㊂为明晰已有相关研究成果,为未来东北黑土区冻融侵蚀研究工作的开展提供参考,本文通过回顾和总结现有研究,分析了冻融作用对土壤侵蚀的影响,总结了冻融侵蚀相关影响因素和过程机制㊂文中指出:冻融导致土壤容重和孔隙比变化,整体上表现为冻融导致疏松的土壤变得相对紧实,而紧实的土壤变得相对疏松;冻融导致土壤团聚体稳定性降低,但当土壤处于中等含水量条件下会出现冻融后团聚体稳定性增大的现象;冻融降低土壤多种力学强度;冻融改变土壤水分特征㊂众多研究结果表明冻融后土壤可蚀性增大,且正融土最易受到侵蚀㊂在综述的基础上,笔者指出了现有研究存在的问题和不足,并提出了未来东北黑土区冻融侵蚀研究的重点方向和急需解决的关键问题㊂

关键词:冻融作用;土壤侵蚀;研究进展;东北黑土区中图分类号:S157

文献标志码:A

文章编号:2096⁃2673(2018)01⁃0017⁃08

DOI :10.16843/j.sswc.2018.01.003

收稿日期:20171130　修回日期:20171212

项目名称:国家自然科学基金 东北黑土区冻融作用与水蚀过程耦合机理研究”(41471224);国家自然科学基金重点项目 西

南黄壤区不同尺度土壤侵蚀与泥沙运移规律耦合关系”(41730748)

第一作者简介:张科利(1962 ),男,博士,教授,博士生导师㊂主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀㊂E⁃mail:keli@

Research progresses and prospects on freeze⁃thaw erosion in the

black soil region of Northeast China

ZHANG Keli 1,LIU Hongyuan 2

(1.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Faculty of Geographical Science,

Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China;2.Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,

Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,130102,Changchun,China)

Abstract :[Background ]Freeze⁃thaw erosion is one of the major types of soil erosion.Freeze⁃thaw

cycling changes soil properties and influences the processes of runoff and erosion on slopes,resulting in severe soil and water losses.The aim of this review is to clarify the existing research results and to contribute to the future research on freeze⁃thaw erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China.[Methods ]We collected all relevant literature and sorted them,and finally used the critical 55

references for this review.Based on these 55references,we analyzed the mechanisms and research progresses of freeze⁃thaw action on soil erosion.Further we tried to analyze the issues and prospect the research on freeze⁃thaw erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China.[Results ]1)Freeze⁃thaw does not directly lead to the transport and movement of soil particles,and its action in soil erosion happens in rainfall strikes,runoff scouring,strong wind blowing or gravity.Mechanisms of freeze⁃thaw action on soil erosion are as follows,a)alternation of soil freeze⁃thaw changes the nature of soil,thus affects the sediment production process in the course of rainfall,and finally affects the degree of water