常见的英语翻译中的词类转换
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英语翻译词类转换:转译成名词(1)
(一)形容词与副词的互相转译
1.英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。如:
1)Occasionally a drizzle came down,and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.
偶尔下一点毛毛雨,断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。
2)It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.
这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。
2.英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。如:
1)He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.
他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。
2)The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.
总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
3.由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同,还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。如:
1)This is sheer nonsense.(这完全是胡说。)
2)Buckley was in a clear minority.(巴克利显然属于少数。)
3)By dialing the right number,you may be able to select a play,golf lesson or lecture in physics,from a pretaped library in a remote city,for showing on your home screen.只要拨对了号码,你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课,或者一次物理学演讲。
(二)名词与副词的互相转译
1.名词转译成副词
1)When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
2)The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。
2.副词转译成名词
1)They have not done so well ideologically,however,as organizationally.
但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。
2)He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱,但思想健康。
英语翻译词类转换:转译成名词(2)
(一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1.名词派生的动词
1)Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。
2)To them,he personified the absolute power.
在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
2.名词转用的动词
1)Most U.S.spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。
(二)有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成"受(遭)到……+名词"、"予(加)以+名词"这类结构。如:
Satellites,however,must be closely watched,for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun,moon and earth.(由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。)
(三)形容词转译成名词
1.英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉译时常译成名词。如:
1)They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2)Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。
2.此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如:
1)Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.
史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。
2)They were considered insincere.
他们被人认为是伪君子。
英语翻译词类转换:转译成形容词
转译成形容词
(一)形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。
1.The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
2.The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful.
驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖,好极了。
3.He talked for some time with Bundy,and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.
他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。
(二)有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转译成形容词。如:
1)The blockade was a success.
封锁很成功。
2)As he is a perfect stranger in the city,I hope you will give him the necessary help.他对这城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。
3)Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
英语翻译词类转换:转译成形容词
转译成形容词
(一)形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。
1.The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
2.The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful.
驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖,好极了。
3.He talked for some time with Bundy,and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.
他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。
(二)有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转译成形容词。如: